Heuristic Value Research Articles

«Концептуальный каркас» экономической теории: история, потенциал, перспективы использования

Conceptual framework stands as a pivotal notion in the methodological landscape of European sciences, having found productive applications in physics, mathematics, linguistics, and sociology. In the realm of economics, however, its potential remains underexplored, making it imperative to explore its heuristic value and integrate this methodological concept in contemporary research. This article aims to outline the conceptual framework of economic theory at different stages of its development and explore how it can organize the structure of economic science. The study analyzes the evolution of conceptualism in a sequence. This journey starts with classical education, shaping a scholar’s worldview, and classical science, combining rational (descriptive) and experimental (explanatory) research. It extends to modern (non-classical) scientific concepts, like neoclassical, evolutionary, and neo-institutional economic theory. The article examines different viewpoints, including those of positivists (E. Mach, R. Carnap, etc.), postpositivists (K. Popper, T. Kuhn, I. Lakatos), and economists (K. Marx, L. Walras, D. North). It identifies and describes the conceptual framework of Marxism, which is based on materialist dialectics and historical materialist perspectives. The article also shows how using the conceptual worldview and fundamental concepts effectively structures normative economics, classical political economy, neoclassicism, and other areas of economics.

The “event-tragedy” of war in the figures of Badiwan’s reflections as a condition of philosophy

Claiming our share in discursive positions, ideas and assessments of Russian aggression in Ukraine, reflections on it, we investigate this tragic event through heuristic value and "social relevance", influences on internal determinants — "life of mind" and spirit of man and communities, the formation of which is determined by the course of the war. Hegel's work "Phenomenology of the Spirit" was used to operationalize his position on the gestalts of the spirit, the appeal to which was stimulated by Slavoj Žižek's analysis and evaluation of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, in which he appealed to the Hegelian understanding of freedom, "for which Ukrainians are fighting today" (Žižek). In the analysis of the eventtragedy as the external world of human existence, emphasis is placed on the scientific content of the concept of the Event in the philosophical explorations of A. Badiou, S. Žižek, the heuristic fruitfulness of which is that they act as meaninggenerating factors in the configuration of the external and internal world of human life in a war situation. Regarding the latter, reflection is carried out through the prism of the psychoanalytic method, represented by the psychoanalytic model of thinking of Wilfred Bion and through the existential analysis of being by Karl Jaspers and Paul Tillich. The substantiation of the cognitive function of the life of the mind, which generates gestalts of the spirit and needs emotional coloring, required additional work by Hannah Arendt. The Deleuzian version of the event was used as a source for the formation of the concept of immediate existence for decision-making in the situation of a tragic event. It is noted that such searches are a significant part of the life of the mind and spirit, anxiety and resistance. Fichte's Ukrainian lamentation, his "Speech to the German Nation" during the time of Napoleon's invasions, is accompanied by references to M. Espany's theory of cultural transfer. Using the work of V. Frankl. P. Tillich, K. Jaspers in relation to Real Death allows us to apply Real Death as a marker of war to the conditions of modern philosophy.

The Peculiarity of N.A. Berdyaev’s Philosophical Discourse

To refute the opinion about the chaotic presentation of problems in Berdyaev’s texts, the dominant of the unconscious, means to fall into ontological dependence on them. In the literal sense, these are not conclusions drawn on the basis of an analysis of N.A. Berdyaev’s work, but quoting the philosopher’s self-assessment, to which he resorted more than once. They have no analytical and heuristic value. N.A. Berdyaev’s way of thinking simultaneously contains Christian intuitions and an oppositional structure characteristic of philosophical creativity in general. The peculiarities of the Russian philosopher’s thinking are reflected in the fact that such types of philosophical creativity as personalism, existentialism, as well as intuitive components of the Eastern Christian worldview are organically combined. In the philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev there are also cosmological components, which contain the statement that the world is entering the era of the third period, which is expressed in its structure contains the statement that the time for freedom and creativity is coming. The peculiarities of N.A. Berdyaev’s thinking can be evaluated from the point of view of aesthetics and uniqueness, which significantly distinguish his way of thinking from the typical development of philosophical thinking of Modern times. According to the Russian philosopher, analysis and splitting cannot serve as a starting point for the thought process. Without creativity and freedom, the philosophy of the non-classical period has no significance and significance, because the potential of formal and dialectical logic has already clearly and fundamentally affected the best examples of classical philosophy. The third level is binarism, which formally has generic signs of the organization of problematic thinking of logocentric sciences, but the specific differences are too striking to pass by them without specifying anything.

A Hybrid Routing Algorithm for V2V Communication in VANETs Based on Blocked Q-Learning

It is of great significance to design a stable and reliable routing protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) that adopt Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communications in the face of frequent network topology changes. In this paper, we propose a hybrid routing algorithm, RCRIQ, based on improved Q-learning. For an established cluster structure, the cluster head is used to select the gateway vehicle according to the gateway utility function to expand the communication range of the cluster further. During the link construction stage, an improved Q-learning algorithm is adopted. The corresponding neighbor vehicle is chosen according to the maximum Q value in the neighbor list. The heuristic algorithm selects the next-hop by the maximum heuristic function value when selecting the next-hop neighbor node. The above two strategies are comprehensively evaluated to determine the next hop. This way ensures the optimal selection of the next hop in terms of reachability and other communication parameters. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this article has better performance in terms of routing stability, throughput, and communication delay in the urban traffic scene.

Provable-Correct Partitioning Approach for Continuous-Observation POMDPs With Special Observation Distributions

The partially observable Markov decision process with continuous observations has emerged as a popular model for system modeling and sequential decision-making for many real-world problems. The main challenge induced by continuous observations is its high computational complexity in the planning process because it is impossible to enumerate all observations in a continuous space. In this letter, we propose a static observation space partitioning approach to solve a continuous-observation POMDP approximately. Although observation space partitioning approaches have been investigated in the literature, a formal analysis of the partitioning effect on the system performance is still missing. We aim to fill this gap by providing a formal analysis of the approximation error. For this, the belief update function is shown to be Lipschitz continuous for the observation when the observation function satisfies certain properties. With this property, we formally prove that the approximation error of each value iteration is bounded. Meanwhile, we show that the proposed approach can be integrated into the heuristic search value iteration algorithm with performance guarantees. Finally, the advantage of using the static partitioning approach rather than the Monte Carlo sampling approach is validated by experimental results.

Retracted] Multisensor Cross‐Media Data Mining Method Assisted by Expert System

The information generated by the multifaceted and multilevel processing of the data of multiple sensors is more meaningful than the information obtained by a single sensor and provides accurate information and decision‐making basis for various application systems. How to apply data mining theory to the multisensor cross‐media field has become a research hotspot. Through the analysis of multisensor cross‐media data, it is of great significance to dig out the important rules, information, or knowledge hidden in it and use it for cross‐media retrieval engine. The rule acquisition is the “bottleneck” problem of the expert system. This paper adopts the data mining method based on the rough set to acquire the rules and improves the basic algorithm of attribute reduction. Using the attribute reduction algorithm and the heuristic value reduction algorithm, the calculation is simplified and the reduction efficiency is improved. In the presentation, according to the characteristics of cross‐media and the application requirements of expert systems, this paper takes the case representation based on features as the basis and classifies cases according to feature attributes. In case retrieval, according to the hierarchical structure of case features, the entire case database is organized into a multilevel hierarchical index structure. In this paper, a cross‐media retrieval engine is constructed from the perspective of classifier design, and the Euclidean distance is used as the similarity matching model of image content. The mutual retrieval of images and audios preliminarily forms the design process of retrieval from one media type to another and establishes a corresponding cross‐media index. The experimental results show that the algorithm has better processing effect and higher accuracy than other algorithms. Different k‐nearest neighbor values were selected in the experiment, and it reached about 96% in the test environment of libsvm toolbox, which is better than the processing results of LE and LLE algorithms.

Paradoxes of the Soviet-Chinese and Liberal-Democratic Models of Government

The article focuses on two models of political and state formations, those of liberal-democratic and Soviet-Chinese. The use of Niklas Luhmann’s concept of decision in analyzing their systemic foundations opens a new perspective on both these models and the contemporary political process. A brief overview of the discussion on the topic of decision-making in organizations was offered, and the heuristic value of Niklas Luhmann’s concept of decision was substantiated. One of his key definitions of decision is that decision-making can be described as the transformation of uncertainty into risk. In this view, decision is seen as a function and element of the organization or organizational systems. An organization continuously makes decisions, though none solve the problem because it is based on a paradox: only those issues that are fundamentally undecidable can be decided. At the same time, each new decision is not only a response to the challenges of the surrounding world, but is contingently determined by a series of previous decisions. Therefore, one can say that the decision-making process is based on the paradox that constitutes the organization and determines its specificity and identity. The article demonstrates that the liberal-democratic model is based on the paradox of politics and administration. The Soviet-Chinese model is based on the paradox of party and state.

Semiotics and dialectics: Notes on the paper “Literary criticism must be scientific” by Juri Lotman

The present paper is an introduction to and analysis of the article “Literary criticism must be scientific”, presented here for the first time in English translation. The original was published by Lotman in 1967 in the journal Voprosy Literatury. The article by Lotman is a part of a wider debate, started in 1963, that saw structuralists and their opponents dispute the validity and heuristic value of structuralist methodology in literary criticism. The aim of the introduction is to explore Lotman’s engagements with his intellectual context as they emerge in his 1967 article. The first part of the paper discusses the wider context of the debate, and explores the positions of the opponents of structuralism and the ways in which Lotman relates to them. The second part of the paper analyses how Lotman and his structuralist colleagues related to the official Soviet ideology, the diamat. In both cases, it will be seen how Lotman engaged certain aspects of his opponents’ ideas, as well as the official ideology, in order to further his goal of reconciling structuralism and historicism.

Analisis Sistem Monitoring Suhu dengan Sensor LM35 Menggunakan OHP (Over Head Projector) Berbasis Raspberry Pi

Laboratory monitoring, which is usually carried out by laboratory personnel, is now carried out in real time and in a modern way. The purpose of this laboratory monitoring is to determine the room temperature using a K-type thermocouple which is standardized with a standard thermometer. The results of these objectives are to know the validation value and to know the heuristic value of the K-type thermocouple from the sensor in the K-type thermocouple called the LM35 sensor. These results are obtained from a system that has been created named room temperature monitoring in real time using a K-type thermocouple. This system was established from the use of the damaged OHP (Over Head Projector) as a mini laboratory, then around the OHP were placed four pieces of glass on all four sides that had been coated with aluminum, and then placed the LM35 sensor which was placed in the corners of the OHP side and outside the glass coated with aluminum. Then the wire from the K-type thermocouple is inserted in the middle position in the OHP. The LM35 sensor that is inserted into the OHP is connected to the Raspberry pi Type B which serves as the brain of the system that is made. This system displays the ADC value and Temperature value when the Halogen lamp is turned on in an artificial laboratory (OHP). Monitoring measurements are carried out with 1 measurement on a standard thermometer and four measurements on a test instrument (Type-K Thermocouple). The results of the sensor characterization are test accuracy values ​​of 98.21%. Precision results are 99.81%. Linearity results are 99.91% and the sensor sensitivity result is 0.27.

Power and agency within the evaluative state: A strategic–relational approach to quantification of higher education

This article addresses the problem of the quantification of higher education by introducing a theoretical framework for power relations and agency within this process. Instead of treating evaluation regimes as external and imposed on the sector, it argues for a relational approach to the problem of exercising power over the higher education sector through means of evaluation. To develop such an approach, the article draws on two sources: Guy Neave’s account of the evaluative state and Bob Jessop’s strategic–relational approach (SRA) to the state. By using the latter to further develop our understanding of the logic under which the evaluative state operates, the article offers a general framework for inquiring about the conditions that shape power relations and impact the degree of agency at the disposal of the actors involved in the evaluative state. For this purpose, the article operationalises the six general dimensions of the state developed on the grounds of the SRA in the context of the evaluative state. In turn, to demonstrate its heuristic value, the article refers to the emergence of the evaluative state in Poland and how scholarly communication was quantified and made commensurate in this process.

Evaluating the usefulness of punishment theories in the context of crimes committed by those in custody

It is inevitable and regrettable that inmates continue to commit crimes while serving their sentences. This is rather bizarre because prisons are naturally confined spaces that leave one with little or no liberty to do what one would normally do outside of prison, let alone committing crime. This raises questions concerning the pragmatic position of scientific theories that are not only formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena but are also seen as a bedrock of scientific research. It would not be far-fetched to expect any research paper to include a section on a theoretical framework that is essentially a representation of some level of the application of particular scholarly theories. However, not much has been documented about the usefulness of scientific theories that normally form part of research papers. This analytic paper evaluated the usefulness of scholarly theories in the criminal justice system field, specifically punishment theories, by reflecting on the crimes committed by inmates while serving their time. This study found that retribution, deterrence, and incapacitation are not useful theories in terms of theoretical scope. The incapacitation theory is not useful in terms of heuristic value, and deterrence, and rehabilitation are not useful in terms of validity.

Відображення мовного та культурного буття поліщуків крізь призму діалектного тексту

The article summarizes the views of scientists on the heuristic value of dialect texts as a reliable source for dialectological studies in view of their systematic presentation of speech features at different language levels; first of all the importance of samples of colloquial speech is noted, for the study of linguistic features of the areas of the Ukrainian dialect continuum. At the same time, attention is focused on the importance of dialect texts for research in the area of other humanities, for studying the mentality of native speakers, their material and spiritual culture. The linguistic existence of polishchuks Based on the material of dialect texts published in the publication "Unity in Diversity. Polishchuks" (2018), recorded by the author for dozens of years in the Central Polish dialects of the Zhytomyr region, collected in the studied area by students of philological specialties during dialectological practice in recent years, is analyzed. The exsistenee which is reflected primarily in the perception and awareness of oneself as a representative of a separate dialect , which differs from the inhabitants of other nearby settlements on the actual linguistic level, as well as in the preservation of a number of dialectal phonetic features in the area of vocalism and consonantism in the studied territory and expressive speech morphological features that confirm the archaic nature of the specified area. The representatives of the cultural life of the polishchuks are texts about their material culture, in particular about everyday life, crafts, farming, cultivation of agricultural crops, harvesting, etc. The spiritual culture of the inhabitants of the Middle Polissya is reflected in the texts about the rituals of the polishchuks, primarily about the wedding ceremony, in the records of beliefs, traditions, customs, which testify to durability in time and preservation in the present, at the same time undergoing dynamics caused mainly by extralingual factors.

Extremely asymmetric sawtooth potential in the ratchet theory

AbstractWe present a review of analytical approaches involved in developing the ratchet theory, which are based on the model of extremely asymmetric sawtooth potential. Analytical expressions are given for the average velocity of ratchets which operate in various motion modes, namely, motion induced by dichotomous half‐period shifts of potential profiles, adiabatic and high‐temperature modes, and motion induced by small fluctuations of an arbitrary type. The presence of jumps in the periodic extremely asymmetric sawtooth potential profile leads to a number of features of the obtained solutions which follow from the competition of the reverse sliding time tending to infinity with high fluctuation frequencies. The resulting dependences of the average velocity on the ratchet parameters clearly demonstrate that the motion direction can be controlled by tuning the frequency and temperature. The heuristic value of the presented models for controlling nanoparticle transport is discussed.

The Movement Between Agreement and Disagreement in Self Positions Through a Musico-Logical Metaphor.

In this article, I use a metaphorical concept in order to propose an interpretation for the dialogical relationship that occurs between I-positions in the human self. Metaphor is a useful tool for scientific production and its heuristic value has been demonstrated in several fields of knowledge. I claim a musico-logical metaphor to explain dynamic dialogic processes that occur when I-positions are in agreement or disagreement relationship. These dialogic processes are based on tension and release and, in a complementary way, can result in contradictory, tautological, or contingency relations between I-positions. These relations were categorized using concepts from Music and Logic, thus creating a theoretical model composed of metaphorical concepts. To provide evidence of how a musico-logical metaphor might contribute to the interpretation of relations between I-positions in the system of self, I discuss a case study of a rural worker and analyze how child labor marked his life trajectory throughout different moments. The musico-logical metaphor might contribute to dialogical processes understanding that occur at the border of the agreement-disagreement dyad in the system of the self, since this metaphor proposes to identify, from a cogenetic understanding, dialogic interactions between I-positions located in this border, thus transforming the agreement-disagreement dyad into a triadic agreement-border-non-agreement set.

TOWARDS A GENERAL THEORY OF PUBLIC RELATIONS

The existence of a general theory of public relations is pivotal to the argumentation about public relations as science. A general theory can be expected to supply a framework which includes aU the theoretical applications within a scientific domain. This article sets out to cover the theoretical applications made to the field of public relations to detennine what the domain parameters of public relations are and whether this can lead to a general theory of public relations. It proposes that public relations is an applied science, govemed by theory application at the meta theoretical, organisational and communication levels of public relations practice, and that public relations practice takes place at three strategic levels in the organisation, namely the macro, meso and micro level. The article further suggested that two normative and one positive model of public relations practice exist and that the heuristic value of the general theory is one of its most positive aspects.

Towards a machine-learning assisted diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and their operationalization in preclinical research: Evidence from studies on addiction-like behaviour in individual rats.

Over the last few decades, there has been a progressive transition from a categorical to a dimensional approach to psychiatric disorders. Especially in the case of substance use disorders, interest in the individual vulnerability to transition from controlled to compulsive drug taking warrants the development of novel dimension-based objective stratification tools. Here we drew on a multidimensional preclinical model of addiction, namely the 3-criteria model, previously developed to identify the neurobehavioural basis of the individual's vulnerability to switch from controlled to compulsive drug taking, to test a machine-learning assisted classifier objectively to identify individual subjects as vulnerable/resistant to addiction. Datasets from our previous studies on addiction-like behaviour for cocaine or alcohol were fed into a variety of machine-learning algorithms to develop a classifier that identifies resilient and vulnerable rats with high precision and reproducibility irrespective of the cohort to which they belong. A classifier based on K-median or K-mean-clustering (for cocaine or alcohol, respectively) followed by artificial neural networks emerged as a highly reliable and accurate tool to predict if a single rat is vulnerable/resilient to addiction. Thus, each rat previously characterized as displaying 0-criterion (i.e., resilient) or 3-criteria (i.e., vulnerable) in individual cohorts was correctly labelled by this classifier. The present machine-learning-based classifier objectively labels single individuals as resilient or vulnerable to developing addiction-like behaviour in a multisymptomatic preclinical model of addiction-like behaviour in rats. This novel dimension-based classifier increases the heuristic value of these preclinical models while providing proof of principle to deploy similar tools for the future of diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.

Temporality: A fruitful concept for understanding, studying, and supporting people in transition

AbstractThe specific processes of transitions or turning points have been studied in different fields, notably vocational psychology, career development, sociology, and the life‐course approach. However, little work has brought together these different strands of research. To fill this gap, we explore the issue of temporality, raised to varying degrees by each approach, with the aim of showing its heuristic value in the study of career transitions. After clarifying a number of concepts, we describe research methodologies that can be used to identify temporality and suggest keys of comprehension to understand transitions from a temporal angle. Finally, we describe intervention avenues that take temporality into account to support people in career transition. Covering the past, the present, and the future, they aim to stimulate self‐reflection in order to give meaning to the most significant biographical experiences and, hence, make the present clearer and anticipation of the future easier.

Engaging with art skillfully. First steps towards an ecological-enactive account of the experience of art

Ecological-enactive cognitive science is an increasingly influential paradigm that has proved its heuristic value in various fields of the human sciences. This text, in the form of a conversation, explores possibilities for an ecological-enactive account of how people experientially engage with works of art on the basis of their embodied skills.

Locating Media in Cultural Theories

This paper examines means of facilitating research on media as a critical component of contemporary culture based on assessments of recent publications on media. The primary target is in the fundamentally heuristic value of social theories relative to the topic. Based on semiotics, practice, and, to a much lesser degree, speech act theory, analysts generate constructs wherein media often deviate from the conceptual horizons in respective schemes. Reading Derrida’s views on speech act theory suggests that an endeavor to resolve the mismatch demands the decomposition of core concepts of a theory. Just as Anderson’s formulation casts a delicate light on the use of semiotics in media research, media prefigured through the lenses of the performative forces us to rethink its presence in everyday occurrence as a problematic unthought. The paper concludes that the application of speech act theory to media is a plausible solution to the problems so far encountered if accompanied by historical perspectives on the formation of illocutionary acts.

Models of a modified-inertia formulation of MOND

Models of "modified-inertia" formulation of MOND are described and applied to nonrelativistic many-body systems. They involve time-nonlocal equations of motion. Momentum, angular momentum, and energy are (nonlocally) defined, whose total values are conserved for isolated systems. The models make all the salient MOND predictions. Yet, they differ from existing "modified-gravity" formulations in some second-tier predictions. The models describe correctly the motion of a composite body in a low-acceleration field even when the internal accelerations of its constituents are high. They exhibit a MOND external field effect (EFE) that shows some important differences from what we have come to expect from modified-gravity versions: In one, simple example of the models, what determines the EFE, in the case of a dominant external field, is $\mu(\theta\langle a_{ex}\rangle/a_0)$, where $\mu(x)$ is the MOND `interpolating function' that describes rotation curves, compared with $\mu(a_{ex}/a_0)$ for presently-known modified-gravity formulations. The two main differences are that while $a_{ex}$ is the momentary value of the external acceleration, $\langle a_{ex}\rangle$ is a certain time average of it, and that $\theta>1$ is an extra factor that depends on the frequency ratio of the external- and internal-field variations. Only ratios of frequencies enter, and $a_0$ remains the only new dimensioned constant. For a system on a circular orbit in a galaxy (such as the vertical dynamics in a disc galaxy), the first difference disappears, since $\langle a_{ex}\rangle=a_{ex}$. But the $\theta$ factor can appreciably enhance the EFE in quenching MOND effects, over what is deduced in modified gravity. Some exact solutions are also described, such as for rotation curves, for an harmonic force, and the general, two-body problem, which in the deep-MOND regime reduces to a single-body problem.