Heteroatom-doped Porous Carbon Materials Research Articles

Solvothermal Synthesis and Pyrolysis Toward Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Microspheres for Zinc-Ion Hybrid Capacitors.

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials have investigated to promote the energy density of zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZICs). Yet, the quest for high-performance carbon materials or cathodes brings to light the question of which dopants facilitate fast energy storage kinetics and various types of pseudocapacitive reactions. Investigation of carbon materials with precise quantitative dopants as the key variable represents an effective appropriate approach to comprehending the intricate role of dopants in energy storage areas. Here, a straightforward solvothermal strategy is demonstrated for a variety of pristine and iron-incorporated polymer microspheres, used as precursors for durable spherical carbons intended for cathode applications in ZICs. The strategy effectively governs the incorporation of dopants within the carbon materials, whilewhile maintaining consistent morphology, microtexture, and pore structure across different carbon variations. The synergistic effect of various dopants enhance the pseudocapacitance and facilitate the ion storage process. In consequence, the optimal cathode delivers considerable capacity (178.8mAhg-1 at 0.5Ag-1), good energy density (120.2Whkg-1 at 336Wkg-1), and excellent cycling stability (101.5% capacity retention at 35000 cycles). The demonstration showcases a viable method for crafting carbon materials with precise dopants to accommodate the zinc anode, thus enabling high-capacity and high-energy ZICs.

Phosphorus-induced formation of micropores and nitrogen groups for efficient CO2 capture: Experiments and DFT calculations

Due to their outstanding physicochemical characteristics, heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials have attracted significant attention. Herein, the pore structure and N content of the NPC-X material were regulated via P doping using a simple pyrolysis and activation method. The CO2 adsorption mechanism and electronic properties of the materials were determined by combining characterization results and theoretical calculations. Density functional theory calculations show that P has the capability to increase the porosity and facilitate the generation of pyridine-N and pyrrole-N functional groups in N-doped carbon materials. Moreover, the interaction between N groups and CO2 can be effectively elucidated through the analytical density of states. The experimental results show that the NPC-2 sample exhibits excellent CO2 adsorption performance (4.50 mmol/g at 298 K and 1 bar) and recycling stability. This study presents new synthetic approaches for the preparing N/P codoped carbon materials and explores the CO2 adsorption mechanism of materials with multiple coexisting functionalities.

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by tannin-derived porous carbon for enhanced bisphenol A degradation: Synergistic effect of surface nitrogen and oxygen functional groups

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials hold considerable potential in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for environmental remediation. To fabricate highly efficient and cost-effective catalysts, renewable tannin was co-pyrolyzed with urea to achieve both efficient nitrogen doping and oxygen self-doping. The synergetic effect of N and O functional groups, combined with a well-developed porous structure, resulted in the development of N-enriched, O-functionalized porous carbon materials (NOPC) that exhibit exceptional catalytic activity in PMS activation for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. As for the optimized NOPC-700/PMS system, the removal efficiency of BPA can reach up to 97.2% with a TOC removal efficiency of 78%. Control experiments, characterization results, and DFT calculations confirmed the prominent contribution of both the graphitic N and carbonyl group (CO) to the catalytic performance of NOPC. In addition, the applicability of NOPC was evaluated via varying influential factors, changing the targeted organic pollutant, and altering the water matrix. Furthermore, it was found that the main ROSs generated from PMS activation could be altered by incorporating N into the carbon catalysts. Overall, this work will provide a straightforward approach to designing highly efficient carbon catalysts with great potential in catalytic AOPs for wastewater treatment.

Microporous N- and O-Codoped Carbon Materials Derived from Benzoxazine for Supercapacitor Application

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials are highly desired for supercapacitors. Herein, we report the preparation of such material from polybenzoxazine (PBZ), a kind of phenolic resin. Four different N- and O-codoped microporous carbon materials were obtained by changing carbonization temperature (600, 700, 800, and 900 °C). Their structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen isothermal absorption and desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their electrochemical performances were evaluated by cyclovoltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) test in a three-electrode system. It was found that the carbon material (C-700) prepared at the carbonization temperature of 700 °C possesses the largest specific surface area (SSA), total pore volume and average pore size among the family, and thus displays the highest specific capacitance with a value of 205 F g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A g−1 and good cycling stability. The work demonstrates that the N- and O-codoped microporous carbon materials with high electrochemical performance can be derived from benzoxazine polymers and are promising for supercapacitor application.

Effect of fluorine doping on the performance of multi−heteroatom doped carbons (F,N,B−C or F,N,S−C) for microwave absorption

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials offer great promise as microwave absorbers. However, template−free methods for synthesizing porous carbon materials rich in heteroatoms (N,F,B and S), necessary for tuning impedance matching and optimizing attenuation losses, need to be dicovered. In this article, we report the successful preparation of porous fluorine−doped multi−heteroatom carbons (F,N,B−C and F,N,S−C) by the high−temperature pyrolysis of polypyrrole-based precursors. The introduction of the heteroatoms created defective carbon structures with high microwave absorption ability. In particular, the F,N,S−C absorber offered an excellent loss capacity, including the RLmin of − 38.0 dB at 13.2 GHz (2.5 mm thickness) and the EAB of 6.3 GHz from 11.7 − 18 GHz (2.0 mm thickness) using a filler amount of only 9.0 wt%. The outstanding microwave absorption properties are the result of the interactions between incoming microwaves and carbon defects/pores, which together provide a moderate conductive loss, good polarization relaxation (interfacial polarization and defect/dipole polarization) as well as scattering of microwaves via reflection.

Unveiling Superior Capacitive Behaviors of One-Pot Molten Salt-Engineered B, N Co-Doped Porous Carbon Sheets.

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials with distinctive surface properties and capacitive behavior have been accepted as promising candidates for supercapacitor electrodes. Currently, the researches mainly focus on developing facile synthetic method and unveiling the structure-activity relationship to further elevate their capacitive performance. Here, the B, N co-doped porous carbon sheet (BN-PCS) is constructed by one-pot pyrolysis of agar in KCl/KHCO3 molten salt system. In this process, the urea acts as directing agent to guide the formation of 2D sheet morphology, and the decomposition of KHCO3 and boric acid creates rich micro- and mesopores in the carbon framework. The specific capacitance of optimized BN-PCS reaches 361.1 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 in an aqueous KOH electrolyte. Impressively, the fabricated symmetrical supercapacitor affords a maximum energy density of 43.5Wh kg-1 at the power density of 375.0W kg-1 in 1.0mol L-1 TEABF4 /AN electrolyte. It also achieves excellent long-term stability with capacitance retention of 91.1% and Columbic efficiency of 100% over 10000 cycles. This study indicates one-pot molten salt method is effective in engineering advanced carbon materials for high-performance energy storage devices.

Boosting capacitive performance of N, S co-doped hierarchical porous lignin-derived carbon via self-assembly assisted template-coupled activation

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials show promise for use as supercapacitor electrodes, but the tradeoff between surface area and the heteroatom dopant levels limits the supercapacitive performance. Here, we modulated the pore structure and surface dopants of N, S co-doped hierarchical porous lignin-derived carbon (NS-HPLC-K) via self-assembly assisted template-coupled activation. The ingenious assembly of lignin micelles and sulfomethylated melamine into a magnesium carbonate basic template greatly promoted the KOH activation process, which endowed the NS-HPLC-K with uniform distributions of activated N/S dopants and highly accessible nanosized pores. The optimized NS-HPLC-K exhibited a three-dimensional hierarchically porous architecture composed of wrinkled nanosheets and a high specific surface area of 2538.3 ± 9.5 m2/g with a rational N content of 3.19 ± 0.01 at.%, which boosted the electrical double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance. Consequently, the NS-HPLC-K supercapacitor electrode delivered a superior gravimetric capacitance of 393 F/g at 0.5 A/g. Furthermore, the assembled coin-type supercapacitor showed good energy-power characteristics and cycling stability. This work provides a novel idea for designing eco-friendly porous carbons for use in advanced supercapacitors.

MOF-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers with interconnected channels for high-stability Li+/Na+ battery anodes.

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials have been widely used as anode materials for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries, however, improving the specific capacity and long-term cycling stability of ion batteries remains a major challenge. Here, we report a facile based metal-organic framework (MOFs) strategy to synthesize nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers (NCNFs) with a large number of interconnected channels that can increase the contact area between the material and the electrolyte, shorten the diffusion distance between Li+/Na+ and the electrolyte, and relieve the volume expansion of the electrode material during cycling; the doping of nitrogen atoms can improve the conductivity and increase the active sites of the carbon material, can also affect the microstructure and electron distribution of the electrode material, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the material. As expected, the obtained NCNFs-800 exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with high reversible capacity (for Li+ battery anodes: 1237 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 200 cycles, for Na+ battery anodes: 323 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 150 cycles) and long-term cycling stability (for Li+ battery anodes: 635 mA h g-1 at 2 A g-1 after 5000 cycles, for Na+ battery anodes: 194 mA h g-1 at 2 A g-1 after 5000 cycles).

Sulfur-doped CMK-5 with expanded lattice for high-performance lithium ion batteries

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials are very attractive for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high specific surface areas, open pore structures, and abundant active sites. However, heteroatom-doped porous carbon with very high surface area and large pore volume are highly desirable but still remain a big challenge. Herein, we reported a sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon (CMK-5-S) with nanotubes array structure, ultrahigh specific surface area (1390 m2/g), large pore volume (1.8 cm3/g), bimodal pore size distribution (2.9 and 4.6 nm), and high sulfur content (2.5 at%). The CMK-5-S used as an anode material for LIBs displays high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and highly cycling stability. The initial reversible specific capacity at 0.1 A/g is as high as 1580 mAh/g and simultaneously up to 701 mAh/g at 1 A/g even after 500 cycles. Further analysis reveals that the excellent electrochemical storage performances is attributed to its unique structures as well as the expanded lattice by sulfur-doping.

Sulfur Encapsulation and Sulfur Doping Synergistically Enhance Sodium Ion Storage in Microporous Carbon Anodes.

MOF-based materials are a class of efficient precursors for the preparation of heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials that have been widely applied as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. Thereinto, sulfur is often introduced to increase defects and act as an active species to directly react with sodium ions. Although the sulfur introduction and high surface area can synergistically improve capacity and rate capability, the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and electrical conductivity of carbon material are inevitably reduced. Therefore, balancing sodium storage capacity and ICE is still the bottleneck faced by adsorbent carbon materials. Here, sulfur-encapsulated microporous carbon material with nitrogen, sulfur dual-doping (NSPC) is synthesized by postprocessing, achieving the reduced specific surface area by encapsulating sulfur in micropores, and the increased active sites by edge sulfur doping. The synergy between encapsulation and sulfur doping effectively balances specific capacity, rate capability, and ICE. The NSPC material exhibits capacities of 591.5 and 244.2 mAh g-1 at 0.5 and at 10 A g-1, respectively, and the ICE is as high as 72.3%. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen and sulfur on the improvement of electron/ion diffusion kinetics is resonantly demonstrated by density functional theory calculations. This synergistic preparation method may reveal a feasible thought for fabricating excellent-performance adsorption-type carbon materials for Na-ion batteries.

The extended Stӧber method for synthesizing nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanospheres supported Pt nanoparticles towards methanol oxidation in alkaline media

• N -doped porous carbon nanospheres were prepared via the extended Stӧber method. • The NPCs have a high surface area and abundant nitrogen content. • The Pt nanoparticles supported on NPCs showed superior MOR activity and stability. Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials have emerged as attractive catalyst supports of Pt nanoparticles in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Herein, the simple extended Stӧber method towards nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanospheres (NPCs) is reported by polymerizing of 3-aminophenol-formaldehyde (APF) resin spheres. The synthesized NPCs were applied as a carrier for Pt nanoparticles to fabricate the Pt@NPCs catalyst for methanol oxidation. Compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst, Pt@NPCs showed the larger electrochemically active area (93.6 m 2 g −1 ), higher peak current density (95.91 mA·cm −2 ) and better stability in alkaline media. This improved performance can be attributed to the porous structure of NPCs and nitrogen atoms doped in the carbon matrix increasing the dispersion of the Pt particles on the NPCs catalyst.

Synthesis of coal tar pitch-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials for aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs), which combine the superiority of batteries and supercapacitors, will become a new development direction in the field of energy storage. The development of ZHSs with high capacity and high stability can be further promoted by heteroatom doping or structural modification of cathode materials. Herein, N,O,P co-doped porous carbon materials were synthesized by a facile method using coal tar pitch as precursor, aluminum phosphate as template, and sodium hydroxide as activator. Due to the high specific surface area and abundant micropores, the heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials were employed as cathode for aqueous ZHSs to study the electrochemical performance. Benefitted from the rich micropores and heteroatom doping, the porous carbon electrodes exhibit an outstanding electrochemical performance and deliver a large specific capacitance of 113.3 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. In addition, the porous carbon electrode shows a high energy density of 64.9 Wh kg−1 and a high power density of 1.23 kW kg−1, which outperforms most aqueous ZHS energy storage systems previously reported. Interestingly, after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1, the specific capacity is about 36% higher than the original capacity and the coulomb efficiency still remains nearly 100%. The article may provide a new insight into exploring cathode materials for high-performance aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion energy storage devices.

Three birds with one stone approach to superior N/S co-doped microporous carbon for gas storage and water purification

• N/S-co-doped microporous carbon (N/S-MPC) was synthesized by “three birds with one stone” activator, KSCN. • KSCN can also cooperate with K 2 CO 3 to improve the property of N/S-MPC material. • N/S-MPC material exhibited a superior methane storage performance (0.15 g/g). • N/S-MPC material can remove both organic pollutants and Pb 2+ with high capacity. Biomass-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials play an indispensable role in energy storage and environment remediation. Currently, combined activation of porogen and organic dopant is resource consuming and complex. Here, a “three birds with one stone” activator, KSCN, was introduced to realize pore formation and N/S co-doping of porous carbon initiated by an oxygen displacement reaction. Multifunctional KSCN resulted in N/S-co-doped microporous carbon (N/S-MPC) materials with a high surface area (1906 m 2 /g, microporosity ≥ 82%) and N/S content. Most importantly, KSCN can also cooperate with K 2 CO 3 via a carbothermal reduction reaction to improve the surface area of N/S-MPC material to 2659 m 2 /g. Accordingly, both high microporosity and N/S co-doping of the resulting material led to superior methane storage performance (0.15 g/g) at 25 °C and 35 bar. These advantages also ensure that as-prepared material has unprecedented water purification capability for simultaneous organic pollutant and heavy metal (Pb 2+ ) removal by multiple mechanisms (pore-fitting, π–π bond, and complexation). This multifunctional activator provides a new direction for the design of high-performance biomass-derived carbon materials.

Phytic acid-induced self-assembled chitosan gel-derived N, P–co-doped porous carbon for high-performance CO2 capture and supercapacitor

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials (HPCMs) have attracted great attention due to their excellent physical and chemical properties and the enhanced performance of multiple heteroatom co-doping. Herein, N, P-co-doped porous carbon materials (NPPCs) are developed via a novel synthesis of the phytic acid-induced self-assembled chitosan aerogel followed by pyrolysis and activation. Phytic acid serves as a P source, acid regulator and structure-directing agent for improved activation efficiency to create more pores. A little of NaNO 3 is used both as a template and activator simultaneously. The porosity and N content of such NPPCs are controlled by rationally tuning the pyrolysis temperature and the mount of NaNO 3 . The NPPC-0.75-600 delivers a good CO 2 adsorption capability of 3.02 and 5.31 mmol g −1 at 100 and 500 kPa, respectively, and has an excellent stability with almost no adsorption capacity decay even after successive 20 cycles. For supercapacitors (SCs), the NPPC-0.75-700 also displays a high capacitance of 231.2 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 and an outstanding stability at circa 96.7% initial capacity after 10000 cycles. These results highlight the great potential of such NPPCs in CO 2 capture and SCs, and the novel synthetical route offers new insights for the readily scalable production of HPCMs. • Phytic acid induced chitosan gel and served as a P source and activation agent. • N,P-co-doped porous carbon delivered a CO 2 capture ability of 5.31 mmol g −1 at 298 K. • N,P-co-doped porous carbon exhibited specific capacitance at 231.2 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 . • CO 2 capture and supercapacitor performances were substantially improved by P doping.

Synthesis of sulfur‐doped porous carbon for supercapacitor and gas adsorption applications

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials have great potential for both capacitive energy storage and gas sorption applications. This article reports the synthesis of highly porous sulfur-doped carbon from thiophene using an in situ self-doping strategy followed by KOH activation. A series of highly porous sulfur-containing carbon materials with high surface area and pore volume were prepared through variation of activation temperature from 600°C to 900°C and applied as supercapacitor electrodes in alkaline as well as neutral electrolyte and also as adsorbent for CO2, H2 adsorption. The material prepared at 800°C presented the highest electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 300 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 6 M KOH because of its high surface area and pore volume. The presence of oxidized sulfur functionality, high surface area, and micro-mesoporous structure were the responsible factors for enhanced storage of gases like CO2 and H2. The functionalized carbon showed a good H2 uptake value of 2.8 wt% under 1 bar pressure at 77 K. CO2 uptake capacities were found to be 5.6 and 3.3 mmol g−1 at 1 bar pressure under the temperature of 273 and 298 K, respectively with a good CO2/N2 selectivity of 14.36 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 2.53. This report presents a promising porous sulfur-doped carbon material for cost-effective and efficient gas adsorption and energy storage systems.

Enhanced specific capacity and cycle stability of hybrid supercapacitors using carbonized polyphosphazene-based nanocomposites

This work aims to explore the utility of the polyphosphazene-based nanomaterials as both negative and positive heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials in hybrid supercapacitors. To this end, carbonized Poly (hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene-co-bisphenol S) (PZS) microspheres at different temperatures were employed as negative materials and carbonized Ag nanowires/PZS nanocomposites (Ag NWs @ PZSC) were used as positive materials. The carbonized PZS microspheres at 900 oC (PZSC900) exhibited a lager surface area with more micropores than PZSC700 and PZSC800, endowing the former with a distinguished specific capacitance (193.2 F g−1) and an outstanding cycle stability (nearly 100% after 10000 cycles). The Ag NWs @ PZSC with an amorphous carbon coating layer outperforms the Ag NWs, reaching a specific capacity of 113.33 mAh g−1. Importantly, the optimized negative and positive materials were rationally assembled to an asymmetric cell in an alkaline aqueous electrolyte, which exhibited a cell specific capacitance of 76.6 F g−1 and a cycle stability of 92.11% after 10000 cycles. The findings demonstrate that PZS is a promising precursor for constructing high-performance hybrid supercapacitors.

N-O-P co-doped porous carbon aerogel derived from low-cost biomass as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials have attracted great interest and are considered promising candidate electrode materials for supercapacitors. Here, a facile and effective strategy is developed for the synthesis of porous carbon aerogels from abundant renewable radishes. Based on the high oxygen content of biomass, N-O-P co-doped of the carbon aerogel was achieved by introducing NH4H2PO4 during ZnCl2 activation process. A continuous three-dimensional porous network interconnected was obtained with uniform distribution of O, N and P on the whole aerogel framework. The N-O-P co-doped functional groups improve the conductivity and wettability of the material and stimulate the additional Faraday reaction, and thus can impart a variety of beneficial effects to the electrochemical performance of the material. The N-O-P co-doped carbon aerogel exhibits a high gravimetric specific capacitance of 352 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in the three-electrode system using 6 M KOH as the electrolyte. Besides, the material also exhibits a high specific capacitance retention rate of 78.4% by increasing the current density from 1 to 10 A/g. In 10,000 cycles of charging and discharging performance, the N-O-P co-doped aerogel exhibits excellent cycle stability with only a slight capacitance loss of less than 10%.

Ultrathin B, N co-doped porous carbon nanosheets derived from intumescent flame retardant for rechargeable Zn-air battery

Engineering highly efficient and robust porous carbon materials for the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR/OER) remains a great challenge for boosting the practical application of metal-air batteries. Herein, we report a carbonization-etching approach to achieve ultrathin B, N co-doped porous carbon nanosheets (BN–PCN) with hierarchically porous structure and large specific surface area (966.46 m2 g−1) using intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system. Owing to its unique structural features, the BN-PCN delivers high electrocatalytic ORR activity with a comparable half-wave potential of 0.84 V and superior stability to those of commercial Pt/C. Moreover, the BN-PCN exhibits a smaller overpotential for OER in comparison with singly doped counterparts, suggesting that the structural properties of BN-PCN play important roles in imparting the electrocatalytic activities of ORR and OER. Furthermore, BN-PCN-driven Zn-air battery demonstrates excellent power density (193.6 mW cm−2) and high energy efficiency. This study offers a promising avenue for designing multiple heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials for clean energy conversion and storage applications.

Polymer-Derived Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon Materials.

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials (HPCMs) have found extensive applications in adsorption/separation, organic catalysis, sensing, and energy conversion/storage. The judicious choice of carbon precursors is crucial for the manufacture of HPCMs with specific usages and maximization of their functions. In this regard, polymers as precursors have demonstrated great promise because of their versatile molecular and nanoscale structures, modulatable chemical composition, and rich processing techniques to generate textures that, in combination with proper solid-state chemistry, can be maintained throughout carbonization. This Review comprehensively surveys the progress in polymer-derived functional HPCMs in terms of how to produce and control their porosities, heteroatom doping effects, and morphologies and their related use. First, we summarize and discuss synthetic approaches, including hard and soft templating methods as well as direct synthesis strategies employing polymers to control the pores and/or heteroatoms in HPCMs. Second, we summarize the heteroatom doping effects on the thermal stability, electronic and optical properties, and surface chemistry of HPCMs. Specifically, the heteroatom doping effect, which involves both single-type heteroatom doping and codoping of two or more types of heteroatoms into the carbon network, is discussed. Considering the significance of the morphologies of HPCMs in their application spectrum, potential choices of suitable polymeric precursors and strategies to precisely regulate the morphologies of HPCMs are presented. Finally, we provide our perspective on how to predefine the structures of HPCMs by using polymers to realize their potential applications in the current fields of energy generation/conversion and environmental remediation. We believe that these analyses and deductions are valuable for a systematic understanding of polymer-derived carbon materials and will serve as a source of inspiration for the design of future HPCMs.

The preparation of N, S, P self-doped and oxygen functionalized porous carbon via aerophilic interface reaction for high-performance supercapacitors

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials are promising candidates for supercapacitor electrodes, but the simple and low-cost preparation method for heteroatom self-doped carbon, especially derived from biomass, remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a novel strategy that can provide an aerophilic interfacial reaction to produce N, S, P self-doped and oxygen functionalized porous carbon from the outer layer structure of durian peels in facile environment. The obtained porous biochar with N, S, P self-doped and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups can enhance the electrochemical capacitor performance, stability, and hydrophilicity of carbon electrode. When employed into symmetric supercapacitor device, the biochar of functionalization could deliver a specific capacitance of 158.20 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, a high energy density of 21.97 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1 within a voltage window of 1.0 V and a remarkable cycling durability with 101.35% after 20,000 charge/discharge cycles at 4 A g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte. This work provides an effective and economic approach to obtain heteroatom self-doped and highly stable carbon-based electrode materials.