Hermeneutic Method Research Articles

Formation and development of the Acquis Communautaire in France, Germany and Switzerland: A comparative legal analysis

The article is devoted to the comparative legal analysis of the formation and development of the acquis communautaire in France, Germany and Switzerland with a view to identifying similarities and differences in the formation and development of the acquis communautaire in countries with different legal status in the European Union. The analysis was carried out using comparative legal, formal legal, dialectical, historical and legal, hermeneutical and other methods, as well as the principles of determinism, pluralism of opinions and complexity of knowledge. On the basis of and through the disclosure of the concept of “acquis communautaire”, the diversity of its understanding within different approaches and the nature of this phenomenon, as well as the study of the formation of the acquis communautaire specifics, it is established that this process took place in the course of formation of the European Communities in the 1950s with the participation of France and Germany on the basis of a combination of liberal market and general social values, and its development took place during the elaboration of the foundations of the mechanism for adoption of a common European policy. It is found that the patterns of formation and development of the acquis communautaire in France, Germany and Switzerland are overcoming contradictions and searching for compromises between France and Germany in all areas of common European policy and the need to coordinate their position with other members of the European Union. Furthermore, the similarity of these processes in France and Germany is rooted in their participation in the creation and development of the European Communities, in the formation of the acquis and its identical legal sources, and the difference lies in the motives and objectives of these States, their positions in certain areas of common European policy and procedural activities related to the implementation of the acquis into national legislation. At the same time, the article reveals that the specifics of formation and development of the European Union acquis in Switzerland are determined by its status as an associated country in the Union, which provides for the possibility of implementing the relevant acquis with certain exceptions on the basis of sectoral agreements between it and the European Union. The difference in the formation and development of the acquis between France and Germany, as well as Switzerland, is manifested in the mechanism and consequences of the implementation of the new acquis: Switzerland participates in the development process, but not in decision-making. Finally, it is noted that the common feature of the development of the EU acquis for all these countries is a combination of market-liberal and general social values and the introduction of a socially oriented market economy model.

Power and Governance in the Context of Globalization

Introduction. Issues of power and management in the context of globalization are one of the most pressing topics in Western social sciences, affecting a wide range of branches of scientific knowledge – from sociology, political science, social and political philosophy to economics and jurisprudence. The prospect of the disappearance of the state as a sovereign subject of legal relations, declared by globalists, or a radical transformation of this established political and legal phenomenon, the rapid development of non-governmental and non-profit organizations, the digital revolution, an increase in the level of informatization of society and many other factors of reality that did not take place in previous centuries, raise natural questions about the exercise of power and control in the new prevailing conditions. The study of this issue is new for domestic legal science, since this topic has not yet been considered by Russian legal scholars. Methods. In this study, dialectical, sociological and hermeneutical methods are applied. The above methods are used in conjunction to obtain a synergistic effect. Results. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of power and management in the context of globalization, the main aspects of this concept in relation to modern times have been identified, and forecasts have been made regarding the described situation in the near future. Discussion and Conclusion. This article, unlike other articles related in topic and purpose, offers a comprehensive analysis of power and management in the context of globalization in their modern and relevant form. The author takes into account the close relationship of globalization, power and power relations with the historical heritage, regional characteristics and objective factors of legal reality.

Incorrect interpretation of the law by the court

The subject of this study is the main trends that have developed in judicial practice related to the assessment of the correctness of the interpretation of the norms of law by the court. The purpose of the study was to identify the main approaches used by law enforcement agencies, primarily courts, in assessing the possible existence of an error in the interpretation of the applied law by a lower court.General scientific and special methods of scientific cognition were used in the research. Among them are analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, the systematic method, the hermeneutical method and the legal-dogmatic approach. In particular, published court decisions were analyzed, scientific literature and current legislation were studied, after which conclusions were drawn about the state of law enforcement practice and the prevailing trends when considering by higher courts the issue of a possible error in the interpretation of the law committed by a lower court.The main content of the article is the results of the analysis of judicial practice, the purpose of which was to identify the main trends in judicial practice related to the assessment of the correctness of the interpretation of the norms of law by the court. The practice of applying the provisions of the procedural codes of the Russian Federation, providing for the consequences of a misinterpretation of the provisions of normative acts by the court, is considered. As a result of the conducted research, the main problems that courts face when assessing the correctness of the interpretation given by their colleagues from the lower court were identified. During the analysis, special attention was paid to such aspects as the causes of erroneous interpretation, ways to detect and eliminate the identified error, and the consequences of making an error.Based on the results obtained, conclusions were formulated, among which it is worth noting that judicial errors in the interpretation of normative acts are quite common. At the same time, procedural legislation regulates such situations in different ways in different types of legal proceedings. Having discovered a judicial error in interpretation, the higher court most often does not indicate specific norms that have been misinterpreted, but offers its own solution to the dispute. The errors of the courts in the qualification of those mistakes made by the lower courts were also noted.

La relación hombre-naturaleza como fundamento de la responsabilidad ambiental

Environmental responsibility has been analyzed since the mid-20th century, establishing its foundation in the disruption of the relationship between humans and nature. The urgency of these evaluations is a consequence of the negative impacts that human development has had on nature, endangering human existence itself. Delving into the study of the processes affecting this relationship, with the philosophical dimensions it implies, is a task that demands engagement with the body of knowledge of this science. Philosophy, as a conception of the world, includes ontological, ethical, and gnoseological dimensions. Therefore, addressing environmental issues should be done from this same philosophical perspective, more specifically from dialectical materialism, which allows for an understanding of the dynamics of natural and social development. Many scientists and intellectuals converge on the foundation and conceptualization of environmental responsibility. At this point, it is necessary to clarify the elements that allow for the establishment of the human-nature relationship as the basis of environmental responsibility. This research aims, from a historical-philosophical perspective, to analyze the human-nature relationship as the foundation of environmental responsibility based on ontological, ethical, and gnoseological dimensions. Given the qualitative nature of the research, it is based on the dialectical materialist conception of the world, supported by analytical-synthetic, hermeneutic, and historical-logical methods, which allowed for the determination of contributory elements for the theoretical foundation of environmental responsibility. In this sense, it was concluded that the relationship between the ontological, ethical, and gnoseological dimensions established in the study of the human-nature relationship allows it to be established as the basis of environmental responsibility. It also contributes to the integral analysis of phenomena occurring in nature, additionally providing essential elements for the development of contemporary environmental ethics.

Kantian Maxims in the Theory of Law

Introduction. The article is devoted to the 300th anniversary of the birth of Immanuel Kant, a great representative of German classical philosophy. The article shows how the Kantian philosophical system influenced the methodology of legal science, and especially the study of the problems of the theory of law. The famous “The Pure Theory of Law” by H. Kelsen is based on the distinction between the “is” and “ought”, and also an independent trend called neo-Kantianism was formed in legal science. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The theoretical basis is formed by the works of D. Hume, A. Kaufman, G. Radbruch, E. Husserl. This article used general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, systematisation. In addition, the author built his judgements on the basis of comparative analysis, formal-legal and hermeneutic methods of research. Results. Kant’s philosophical maxims formed the basis of his concept of positive law. It can be safely noted that it was one of the most significant attempts in the theory of law to substantiate the essence of positive law on rationalistic theoretical and cognitive grounds. In this connection, let us recall that according to Kant, morality is the result of the reflection of man as noumena, an entity free in the absolute sense. Discussion and Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the conclusion is formulated that the philosophical concept of I. Kant laid the methodological foundation for solving the problem of distinguishing law and morality, as well as in the context of his doctrine of logic understanding of the essence and nature of the judgement, which is especially important for the training of specialists for the judicial system.

On the relationship of legality and social justice in law enforcement practice (to the 180th anniversary of the birth of A.F. Koni)

The problem of the relationship between law, legality and social justice is one of the fundamental problems of legal theory and law enforcement practice.The purpose of the study is to assess the problem field in the relationship between the principles of legality and social justice in domestic law enforcement practice and to substantiate the key role of the principle of social justice in its further development. The authors proceed from the position that the theoretical and practical experience of posing and interpreting this problem, accumulated in the history of world and Russian legal science, is an epistemological and worldview resource that has not only theoretical, but also quite practical significance.Methodology. Analytical methods were used to study the relationship between legality and social justice, historical-retrospective and hermeneutical methods in revealing the semantic meaning of these concepts, as well as a dialectical method in interpreting existing contradictions in their law enforcement practice.Results. The article, taking into account the current two main trends - on the one hand, towards “de-ideologization” and, on the other hand, towards “re-ideologization” of legal science - examines the relationship and interpretation of such concepts as “legality”, “law”, "legal proceedings", "social justice" in modern scientific (legal) discourse and in law enforcement practice. The development of the semantic content of the principle of social justice is shown through the concepts of “justice” (Aristotle), “moral perfection” (B.A. Kistyakovsky), “decent human existence” (P.I. Novgorodtsev), “proportionality” (A.F. Koni) etc. Based on a comparison of different theoretical and methodological approaches to defining these concepts, their content and role in law enforcement practice are revealed. A provision has been formulated on the need to expand openness and public principles in improving legal proceedings, since the encountered practice of closed legal proceedings does not correspond to the principles of openness and publicity. The problematic issues of the comprehend theory of law associated with the blurring of the concepts of “legality” and “social justice” in the context of existing ideological pluralism are revealed. In connection with the anniversary – the 180th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian lawyer A.F. Koni, his contribution to the development of ideas about legal morality and judicial ethics is shown. In particular, his idea about the “spirit of legality”, that the “truth of life” should be higher than the “legal truth”.Conclusion. Taking into account the influence that ideology has on the law, a position has been formulated on the need to form a unified ideological view in determining socially fair legal content and its clear legislative codification. The main trends in the development of modern scientific ideas about the relationship between ideology and law have been identified. The thesis about the key importance of social justice in the development of law and legality is substantiated.

Institute of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights: human rights vector of activity during the armed conflict

The article is devoted to understanding the role of the institution of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights in the context of armed conflict, which is accompanied by a gross leveling of the category of «human rights» and devaluation of its existential essence, and as a result, this determines the strengthening of the institutional capacity of the Ombudsman of Ukraine in the context of the national human rights protection mechanism. The object of this scientific research is the functioning of the Ombudsman of Ukraine in the constitutional and legal dimension of human rights protection, and thus the subject of the study is limited to the peculiarities of the implementation of the human rights functions of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights through the prism of the armed conflict. The methodological basis of the study is a system of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, the most common of which are dialectical, formal legal (dogmatic), legal comparative method, legal hermeneutics method, as well as modeling, analysis and synthesis methods which were used to formulate certain definitions, proposed scientific approaches, and to develop certain positions based on the review of regulatory and legal material. Based on the results of this study, the author proposes to deviate from the statutory time limits for applying to the Ombudsman by persons who are in the temporarily occupied part of the territory in order to provide appropriate legal protection and guarantee consideration of applications from this category of applicants, and determines the moment when the time limits begin to be calculated, the feasibility of such an approach, and models different time limits. Interpreting the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights», the author proposes and deepens the understanding of «exceptional circumstances» for extending the time limits for filing an appeal during the armed conflict for no more than two years. The author draws attention to the state of practical implementation of the principle of institutional independence of the Ombudsman under martial law, notes the imperfect regulation of the direct principle in legislation and comes to a consolidated conclusion that it is necessary to regulate certain provisions of legal acts to ensure full establishment of the principle of impartiality and independence of the legal institution, and suggests options for eliminating conflicts of law.

MODEL OF CORRELATION BETWEEN ANTI-CORRUPTION INSTITUTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LAW

The subject of the article is a model of correlation between anti-corruption institutions of international and national law. The research methodology involved the use of formal and dialectical logic, historical and legal, comparative legal, anthropological and legal, economic and legal, hermeneutical, synergetic, systemic, and statistical methods. The purpose of the article is to reveal the model of correlation between anti-corruption institutions of international and national law. It is determined that anti-corruption policy becomes a value when it is implemented on an institutional basis. Such a basis means its independence from the acquisition of public power by any person. The sustainability and completeness of the manifestation of virtues in legal relations are ontologically determined by the processes of nation-building, which, in turn, are based on the values of law inherent in human nature. The anti-corruption model is influenced by historical, spiritual, cultural, external conditions, climatic, geographical and other living conditions. Such a model becomes effective when all these factors and their conditions form the best basis for the development of the nation, compared to others, through the full use of the energy potential of the virtues of all its members. Any delay, irresponsibility and/or unjustified loss of vigilance regarding the components of this model leads to decline. It is emphasised that the national anti-corruption model is ternary, since it is based on three main elements, namely, anthropospatial legislation, the practice of its application within the framework of administrative and jurisdictional procedures. The configuration of both elements of the model and their parts is determined by its uniqueness. The most superficial classification of these models is based on the system of criminal justice components. The fundamental classifications of national anti-corruption models are based on the anthropological dimension of legislation and practices of its application outside the criminal process. This is the strategy of anti-corruption work. The role of a person in the strategy process is not to remain in office as long as possible, but to remain in office as useful and effective as possible. Corruption distortions in legal relations disappear where the individual nourishes the institutions of law and power rather than replaces them. The author establishes that the correlation between national and international anti-corruption models is conditional, since the international model has not yet been formed and largely reflects the worldview of the Western legal tradition. It is also precocious to discuss an international anti-corruption model because the international community has not reached a sincere agreement on a universal set of human rights and freedoms and their scope. However, such a substantive understanding is the essence of anti-corruption policy, where its rules and practices reveal the nature of human virtues in legal relations. Currently, there is no complete description of the counterbalance to this tradition of law. Eastern, Muslim, Hindu and other non-Western cultures have adopted legal institutions for the declaration of assets and interests of public officials, conflicts of interest, financial audits of public procurement and anti-corruption criminal justice systems. The Republics of Singapore, Japan and Hong Kong have been the most successful in this anti-corruption legislative reception. The implementation of these institutions by other nations requires their adaptation to unique existential conditions, so that the potential for the liberation of human virtues by the force of legislative requirements is organically strengthened by the conditions of the nation's development. This will manifest the features of both innovation and anthropo-dimensionality of law.

Ulama Nusantara’s Legacy: Study of Hadith in the Book of Nuṣūṣ al-Akhyār fī al-Ṣawm wa al-Ifṭār in Hasan Hanafi's Hermeneutic Perspective

This research examines the Prophetic traditions contained in the book "Nuṣūṣ al-Akhyār fī al-Ṣawm wa al-Ifṭār" authored by K.H. Maimun Zubair, which is used as the basis of argumentation in determining the beginning of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr. This research uses Hasan Hanafi's hermeneutical method, which includes a critical analysis of the sanad, the matan of the hadith, the context of the emergence of the hadith, and its relevance. The results of the study found that there were variations in the quality of the hadith sanad in the book "Nuṣūṣ al-Akhyār fī al-Ṣawm wa al-Ifṭār," including the categories of shahih and hasan lighairi (good but not perfect in sanad). However, the overall text of the traditions in the book is considered good quality. This indicates the potential of the traditions contained in the book "Nuṣūṣ al-Akhyār fī al-Ṣawm wa al-Ifṭār" to be used as evidence in determining the laws of Islamic law. In addition, it is essential to understand the hadith text in depth, including its original meaning, historical context, and relevance to the context of life today.

THE MOTIF OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT'S INFLUENCE ON THE INDIVIDUAL

The article analyzes the motif of the influence of urban life on the characters (the fate of people) of Tolen Abdikov’s story “The right hand” and Didar Amantay’s story “I miss you”. Also, issues such as loneliness, misunderstanding within the family, lack of time in the city, the density of the life schedule, people’s envy and jealousy, that are part of city life were comprehensively analyzed through examples from the works. The influence of city life on the consciousness, mood and soul of a person, conflict situations in communication between people were revealed based on a psychoanalytic analysis of the heroes’ characters and analyzed with examples of situations which took place in the personal practice of the scientist K. Jung who studied the psychology of creativity. The hermeneutic method is employed for the interpretation of the text of a literary work, while the psychoanalytic method is utilized for discerning the author's unconscious imagination and analyzing the unconscious actions of characters within the literary piece. Furthermore, the article sets forth the task of analyzing changes in the psychology of urban characters in relation to societal transformations. The conclusions drawn from this study can be applied as additional educational material in preparation for lectures and practical classes in the disciplines “Theory of Literature”, “Modern Kazakh Literature”, “Literary Analysis and Literary Creativity” which are taught in universities and also during studying the formation of new directions in literary criticism.

Vyacheslav Ivanov’s Dionysian-mysterial Plot and his Mystical Anthropology (the Concept of «Thou art»). Second Article

The purpose of the second article on Ivanov’s mystical anthropology is to demonstrate how the plot «thou art» grows out of the Dionysian-mysterial plot that developed in Ivanov’s early work. The research material was Ivanov’s poetic, philosophical, scientific and epistolary texts. Comparative, hermeneutic, structural and semantic methods were used. Ivanov’s mystical anthropology appears as a detailed narrative, the elements of which are symbols denoting mystical entities. This narrative represents the story of the relationship between Anima and Animus, feminine, irrational and masculine, rational. This story is symbolic, it can be interpreted psychologically, mystically, cosmologically. The plot of «thou art» is modeled on the Dionysian-mysterial plot and can be divided into two lines – the mysterial and soteriological ones. Each of them is divided into «male» and «female» versions. In the «male» version of the mysterial line, the Animus distorts the divine Self in itself and separates from the Anima; in the «female» version, the Anima assumes a priestly role and renounces the God-fighting Animus. In the «male» version of the soteriological plot, the Animus acquires its God-human primordial image and transforms into the son of God, Adam, who has risen from the mortal dream. This transformed Animus appears as a Godhuman Bridegroom, with whom the Anima-Bride marries, as a result of which a complete transformation of the human personality is accomplished, the reconciliation of the male and female principles and the birth of a new Dionysus-Bacchus.

Старинная немецкая песня в историко-культурном и переводческом аспектах (на примере баллады „Liebe ohne Stand“ из сборника А. фон Арнима и К. Брентано «Волшебный рог мальчика»)

The article is devoted to the problem of an old German song translation from German into Russian, which is relevant for modern linguistics. Aiming at an adequate poetic translation of the ballad “Liebe ohne Stand”, the author conducts a detailed pre-translation cultural and linguistic analysis of the original text. Using hermeneutical and comparative methods, as well as methods of structural and linguistic analysis, the author creates a basis for the further translation. As a result, a translation of the ballad with comments is presented, and the features of the poetic translation of a medieval song from German into Russian are established.

Urhobo Indigenous Environmental Taboos and the Imperative of Fostering Ecosystemic Justice

The fact that there is a global environmental crisis is not in doubt. But there are divergent opinions and positions on how to resolve the global environmental crisis. The crisis has necessitated searching for resources from every source including indigenous sources for ideas and concepts that can help in resolving the crisis. Indigenous sources include the Urhobo cultural beliefs and practices. This paper argues that Urhobo indigenous beliefs and practices concerning nature or environmental-based taboos can help in promoting justice for the ecosystems or eco-justice or ecosystemic justice. The paper then examines some Urhobo environmental taboos and argues for their conservation. Critical analytic and hermeneutic methods are used to present the arguments in this research. The paper finds that indigenous environmental taboos are endangered in Urhoboland as a result of extreme Christian missionary aggressiveness, capitalist market forces, ignorance, etc. It concludes that it is imperative to conserve environmental taboos and thus promote ecosystemic justice

Вопросы преподавания биоэтики в современных условиях Кыргызстана

Today, the problems of moral education of future doctors are the most acute not only in the Kyrgyz Republic. The consciousness of the youth of the XXI century is sometimes formed in a non-linear way under the influence of pragmatism and utilitarianism. The organization of ethical and moral perception of the world and self-organization in the best positions of humanism is a problem not only of a theoretical but also of a practical nature. Methodological ideas and principles proposed by various researchers in the field of social sciences and humanities are mainly aimed at overcoming both all-encompassing relativism and fundamentalism. However, the way it should be implemented while teaching bioethics is a methodological problem, in particular in the Kyrgyz Republic. The purpose of our work is to consider various approaches in the context of development of our national paradigm of education in medical universities. Modern Kyrgyzstan needs efficient teaching methods, since only they can effectively form the main pillars of moral consciousness of students, which are necessary for implementing medical activities. The educational cornerstone is development of interactive discourse, not only as a comprehensive communication, but also as analysis of all the interacting factors of this process (determining the context, directly affecting the participants and their understanding of the world). The research uses methods of hermeneutics and comparative analysis. Pedagogical approaches and methods of use while teaching bioethics at universities are taken into consideration. Teachers of bioethics in medical institutions of Kyrgyzstan need to develop effective approaches and methods of teaching young people, such as interactive discourse and a dialectical method.

Gentrification as a field of study in environmental sciences

This article examines the interaction between gentrification and environmental sciences in Colombia, using a hermeneutic desk review approach to unravel how this urban phenomenon influences and is influenced by environmental factors. Through the hermeneutic circle method, adapted for a single researcher, a deep understanding of the existing literature is achieved and main lines of research are identified. Areas explored include green gentrification, climate change impacts, health and well-being effects, environmental justice, and associated public policies. The study highlights the need for policies that balance environmental improvement with social protection, and underlines the importance of including local communities in urban planning processes to prevent displacement and increase social equity. This interdisciplinary approach provides valuable insights to understand the complexity of gentrification and its multiple dimensions in an urban and environmental context

Особенности трансформации мистической антропологии Вячеслава Иванова в 1930-е гг.: статья «Anima» в свете мистериально-дионисийского метатекста

The article «Anima» is the most important Ivanov’s work during the period of emigration, representing his religious and mystical views to the European reader. It presents a kind of symbolic and phenomenological description of the dynamic structure of religious and mystical consciousness. In our article, we have three goals: 1) to establish a conceptual relationship between the early (article «Ty esi») and the late («Anima») version of Ivanov’s mystical anthropology, 2) to describe the transformations of Ivanov’s mystical anthropology in the 1930th, 3) to establish the specifics of Ivanov’s mystical-religious worldview. The research material is Ivanov’s religious and philosophical works, his epistolary and scientific works. In the course of the research, we used comparative, hermeneutical, contextual, and motivic-thematic analysis methods. First, we define the place of the article «Anima» in the Ivanov’s work during the period of emigration, then we describe the structure of the Dionysian-mysterial plot, which acts as a generative model of Ivanov’s mystical anthropology. The Dionysian-mysterial plot is devined as such a dialectically organized mythological narrative, which is based on the orphic mythologeme of the tearing of Dionysus by Titans and his resurrection. Then we characterize the plot of «Ty esi» as an expanded symbolic narrative representing Ivanov’s mystical anthropology. This narrative presents a dramatic story of the relationship between Psyche-Anima (feminine, irrational principle), Eros-Animus (masculine, rational) and the Self, the superpersonal principle, the divine center of personality. The main content of the study is the analysis of the content of the article «Anima», in the process of which we record the transformations of Ivanov’s religious and mystical thought. One of the most significant innovations in the «Anima» is the comparison of the plot of «Ty esi» with Dostoevsky's «basic myth», which is understood as a transformation of one of his lines – the mysterial one. Dostoevsky’s «basic myth» is an archetypal plot about how demonic-type heroes, false Animuses (Raskolnikov, Rogozin, Stavrogin, Versilov, Ivan Karamazov) are rejected by female characters personifying Psyche, a wanderer who is waiting for her heavenly Bridegroom, i.e. a transformed hero. Another fundamentally important innovation of the «Anima» is the introduction of Friedrich Nietzsche’s fate into the context of Ivanov’s mystical anthropology. She is identified with the mysterial line of the plot «Ty esi», which explains the nature of the madness of the Basel philosopher by the betrayal of his Anima.

Kinship Care dalam Keluarga ‘Imran: Kajian Hermeneutika Wilhelm Dilthey pada Surat Ali ‘Imran Ayat 37 dan 44

Kinship Care is a form of childcare by close relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, or siblings when biological parents cannot fulfill their parenting responsibilities. In Indonesia, Kinship Care often arises in the context of poverty, migration, parental death, or the inability of parents to care for their children for various reasons, including death, illness, or legal issues. This research is a desk study using Wilhelm Dilthey's hermeneutic analysis method to explore three aspects, namely Erlebnis (experience), Ausdruck (expression), and Verstehen (understanding), in Surah Ali 'Imran verses 37 and 44. The results of this study conclude that in the Kinship Care pattern, Zakariya has four patterns in caring for Maryam, security and support, space for children, financial security, dialogue and appreciation for children. Then, suggestions for further research related to Kinship Care studies to explore broader patterns using different hermeneutical theories and different figures in the Qur'an can also be taken in relevance to different contexts so that they can reach ideal patterns for Kinship Care studies.

Religion and Theology Facing the Challenges of Transhumanism

Transhumanism has been interpreted in various ways. On one hand, it is considered a futuristic scientific expression with eschatological aspirations, suggesting that technoscience could overcome humanity's biological limitations. On the other hand, it is seen as a materialistic movement seeking to enhance human capabilities through technological advancements. Additionally, it has faced significant criticism for allegedly overlooking the ethical and social implications for humanity. This paper aims to analyze religion and theology in light of the challenges posed by transhumanism. The methodology employed is framed within the qualitative tradition, using the hermeneutic method and design to interpret texts in their context. The conclusion emphasizes the urgent need to reflect on the potential scenarios humanity faces in a transhuman society that challenges natural and divine laws. Interdisciplinary work is crucial to guide advances in technoscience, recognizing the contributions that religion and theology can offer to contemporary society.

Nurturing ethical insight: exploring nursing students’ journey to ethical competence

BackgroundEthical competence is a key competence in nursing and the development of the competence is a central part in nursing education. During clinical studies, nursing students face ethical problems that require them to apply and develop their ethical knowledge and skills. Little is known about how ethical competence evolves during students’ initial clinical placements. This study explored the development of ethical competence in first-year nursing students during their first clinical placements in nursing homes.MethodsThis exploratory-descriptive qualitative study used focus group interviews to collect data and a phenomenological hermeneutical method for analysis. Twenty-eight first-year nursing students participated in six focus groups. The data were collected between March and April 2024 at Oslo Metropolitan University in Norway.ResultsThe naïve reading of the data involved an awareness of the students applying their prior knowledge, modifying their prior knowledge and developing skills that allowed them to manoeuvre ethical practices that, in some cases, appeared excellent and, in other cases, grim. The structural analysis identified three themes: (i) ethical competence forges in practice, (ii) ethical competence evolves at the intersection of knowledge and skills and (iii) ethical competence unfolds through meaningful discussions. A comprehensive understanding of the data was formulated as ‘Being on a journey towards ethical competence’. This presents a metaphor illustrating that nursing students embark on a journey towards ethical competence; from their point of departure, their clinical experiences forge the essential waypoints along their path, knowledge and skills fuelling their navigation in rugged terrain towards their destination.ConclusionsNursing students’ ethical competence evolved in intricate ways during their initial clinical period. Being informed bystanders or participants in the care of nursing home residents in situations of ethical tension may be a unique position enabling students to evaluate care options differently from those immersed in the ward culture. The findings indicate that organised professional development in nursing homes needs to focus on more reflexively driven ways of supervising students in their first clinical study period. Educational institutions need to continue and further develop reflection-based learning activities and meeting points with students and their peers during their clinical placement periods.

Contemporary Approaches to Qur'anic Hermeneutics

The problem in this study focuses on the significant changes in Qur'ānic hermeneutics in the modern era, where traditional approaches are often considered inadequate in addressing contemporary issues. This discrepancy creates a need for a more contextualized and inclusive approach to interpretation. This study aims to analyze the transformation of Qur'ānic hermeneutics and offer a more contextual approach without ignoring traditional values. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review design. The research subjects comprised 15 Muslim scholars and scholars involved in contemporary Qur'anic interpretation. Data were collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews, using an interview guide as an instrument. Data analysis was conducted through content and thematic analysis approaches. The results showed that the contemporary hermeneutic approach is more adaptive to modern social and cultural changes, enriching a more inclusive and contextual interpretation methodology. This study concludes that the transformation of Qur'anic hermeneutics offers interpretations more relevant to the challenges of the times. The implication of this research shows the need for a flexible hermeneutical method to support Muslims' understanding in the modern context.