Heritage Research Research Articles

The Study of Three-Dimensional Fingerprint Recognition in Cultural Heritage

Fingerprints play a central role in any field where person identification is required. In forensics and biometrics, three-dimensional fingerprint-based imaging technologies, and corresponding recognition methods, have been vastly investigated. In cultural heritage, preliminary studies provide evidence that the three-dimensional impressions left on objects from the past (ancient fingerprints) are of paramount relevance to understand the socio-cultural systems of former societies, to possibly identify a single producer of multiple potteries, and to authenticate the artist of a sculpture. These findings suggest that the study of ancient fingerprints can be further investigated and open new avenues of research. However, the potential for capturing and analyzing ancient fingerprints is still largely unexplored in the context of cultural heritage research. In fact, most of the existing studies have focused on plane fingerprint representations and commercial software for image processing. Our aim is to outline the opportunities and challenges of digital fingerprint recognition in answering a range of questions in cultural heritage research. Therefore, we summarize the fingerprint-based imaging technologies, reconstruction methods, and analyses used in biometrics that could be beneficial to the study of ancient fingerprints in cultural heritage. In addition, we analyze the works conducted on ancient fingerprints from potteries and ceramic/fired clay sculptures. We conclude with a discussion on the open challenges and future works that could initiate novel strategies for ancient fingerprint acquisition, digitization, and processing within the cultural heritage community.

Agri-Cultural Heritage: An Interdisciplinary Field with Development Prospects

Traditional agricultural heritage research has a very long history. Programme on “The conservation and adaptive management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)” initiative launched by FAO in 2002, aimed at not only preserving agricultural heritage system, but also applying the principle of dynamic conservation to promote rural development to benefit local community, to assure food security and maintaining the ecosystem. Since then, many more scientists have been enrolled in the new field focusing on the function and value, application and management, conservation and development and other aspects of these traditional agricultural systems which facilitate an emerging cross-discipline. In this paper, based on the concepts and characteristics of GIAHS and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS), the author specifies that Agri-cultural Heritage is a compound heritage that integrates the characteristics of natural, cultural and intangible cultural heritage, and a typical social-economic-natural complex ecosystem composed of economic, biological, technological, cultural and landscape components. For their conservation and development, the joint efforts of scientists from economics, ecology, geography, history, management sciences, culturology, ethnology, sociology and other subjects are needed. Based on progresses studies and perspectives of the field, the author felt that although a good start of the research on Agri-cultural Heritage has been made, there is still much room for development which show a steady growth trend and suggested 32 priority areas in research; a new subject of Agroheritology could emerge in the near future.

An emotions-informed approach for digital documentation of rural heritage landscapes: Baojiatun, a traditional tunpu village in Guizhou, China

The application of digital technologies has greatly improved the efficiency of cultural heritage documentation and the diversity of heritage information. Yet the adequate incorporation of cultural, intangible, sensory or experimental elements of local heritage in the process of digital documentation, and the deepening of local community engagement, remain important issues in cultural heritage research. This paper examines the heritage landscape of tunpu people within the context of digital conservation efforts in China and the emergence of emotions studies as an evaluative tool. Using a range of data from the Ming-era village of Baojiatun in Guizhou Province, this paper tests an exploratory emotions-based approach and methodology, revealing shifting interpersonal relationships, experiential and praxiological engagement with the landscape, and emotional registers within tunpu culture and heritage management. The analysis articulates distinctive asset of emotional value at various scales and suggests that such approaches, applied within digital documentation contexts, can help researchers to identify multi-level heritage landscape values and their carriers. This methodology can provide more complete and dynamic inventories to guide digital survey and representation; and the emotions-based approach also supports the integration of disparate heritage aspects in a holistic understanding of the living landscape. Finally, the incorporation of community participation in the process of digital survey breaks down boundaries between experts and communities and leads to more culturally appropriate heritage records and representations.

The Galileo Museum and the digital world

The Galileo Museum has been on the digital path for about thirty years in the belief that information technology is an indispensable tool for the scientific research and enhancement of cultural heritage. This essay illustrates some applications that show the state of the art of the initiatives undertaken by this institution in the field of digitization. In particular, we present two thematic digital libraries conceived as environments for research and scientific exchange between scholars, and two virtual exhibitions or, better, digital explorations of historical documents that are difficult to read and interpret.

Use of Tools

The technology supporting Interactive Digital Narrative (IDN) is of particular significance to cultural heritage research. IDN technology provides a means of engagement in cultural heritage sites, a medium for culturally significant stories, and culturally significant story-centric games. While previous work in this space has numerous examples of user experience (UX) evaluations of the interactive narrative works themselves, there is significantly less in terms of evaluation of technology for authoring IDN, creating a UX research space in this area that is focused on the audience and not authors. We propose to balance this focus by considering the UX of authoring tools more closely. In this work, we undertake a review of the state of the art of authoring tools for IDN, such as story-centric games, and report on a rigorous UX evaluation of representative technologies (n = 21). We also address the challenges of UX research for these tools through an original evaluation methodology where authors complete a story composed of representative story features. Our study leads us to conclude seven UX principles for IDN authoring tools that explore both how authors use tools to create story-focused games and how the interface for these tools impacts the creative process.

HUKUM WARIA GANTI KELAMIN MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM PERDATA

In this tesis uses qualitative research methods using heritage research, namely research that uses ways to read books or library materials related to discussion problems. Then, the authors uses data analysis techniques with descriptive and deduvtive methods. How to approach using normative and phenomenological approaches.Transvestites according to language are men who are and behave like women and have feelings as women. While the shemale according to the term is the one who can not know exactly is he a man or woman, because he also has the genitals men and women. Operation change gender is operating surgically to change the gender male to female or vice versa. In Islam a man who resembles a woman is unlawful according to the hadith of a prophet which condemns a man to resemble a woman and vice versa. On the grounds that the hadith also the scholars forbid sex change for transsexual in contemporary scholars, they say that a transsexual can not be punished as sperson who commits immoral acts but is punished as a person who is sick and needs to be healed

PREFACE: TECHNICAL COMMISSION II

Abstract. ISPRS Technical Commission II focuses, at various scales, on geometric, radiometric and multi-temporal aspects of image- and range-based 3D surveying and modeling. Specifically, Commission II deals with image orientation, point cloud generation and processing, 3D feature extraction, dynamic and static scene analysis, sensor and data fusion, and machine learning for geospatial data analysis and big data techniques for massive data processing. Applications in the fields of mapping, infrastructure monitoring, heritage studies, space exploration, underwater photogrammetry and environmental engineering are also considered.The Volume related to Commission II contains 108 papers published in the ISPRS Archives and 20 published in the ISPRS Annals. The papers in Archives were accepted from among 111 abstract submissions and 59 full papers. Of the 108 Archives papers, 32 were full paper submissions and 76 were abstract submissions. The 20 papers in the Annals were selected from among 59 full paper submissions after going through a peer review process.In the aforementioned areas of research, the papers in this volume discuss the challenges and needs, and introduce novel photogrammetric solutions that depict the latest developments in the field.There has been a wide range of coverage of these topics and point cloud generation and processing has been the most active coverage with close to 38% of the accepted papers. This is followed by machine/deep learning methods with 31.8% that provide solutions to the semantic enrichment of images and 3D data. Research in heritage and underwater studies is represented with 9% and 6%, respectively, of the accepted papers.We believe these volumes nicely recap the state-of-the-art, current trends and possible applications of photogrammetry on a wide range of topics with a nice overview of the future research directions.On behalf of Technical Commission II, we would like to thank the local organizers of the 2021 ISPRS Congress, the members of the international program committee, all Working Group officers and all reviewers for their hard organizational work and efforts in the paper reviewing process.

The role of cultural heritage in visitor narratives of peatlands: analysis of online user-generated reviews from three peatland sites in England

ABSTRACT User-generated reviews of visitor attractions, on publicly available websites, such as Tripadvisor, are frequently used in tourism research but feature less often in published cultural heritage research. In this paper, we describe a qualitative analysis of the text from user-generated reviews of three peatland heritage landscapes in the United Kingdom – Ilkley Moor, Thorne and Hatfield Moors, and Shapwick Heath – to better understand the role tangible and intangible cultural heritage play in visitor perceptions and narratives of these sites. Our analysis indicates that visitors tend to emphasise natural over cultural heritage of peatland landscapes and hold plural, highly contextual and sometimes dissonant perceptions; there is no single story of peatlands. This presents both challenges and opportunities for building public appreciation of peatland cultural heritage. User-generated reviews offer, as-yet under-explored, potential data for use by heritage researchers and managers who seek to explore how visitors understand and use sites, and may also contribute to the emerging intangible heritage of heritage landscapes.

What makes a corporate heritage brand authentic for consumers? A semiotic approach

In this article, the purpose is to develop a consumer-focused understanding of authenticity within corporate heritage research. Our research question is as follows: “What makes a corporate heritage brand authentic for consumers?” We employ Peirce’s semiotic concepts of icon, index and symbol to analyse consumers’ perceptions of the Finnish corporate heritage brand Fazer, founded in 1891. Our study shows that childhood memories, consumer experiences and expectations as well as shared social conventions make the corporate heritage brand authentic for consumers. Thus, our research empirically advances the understanding of authenticity as socially constructed. Importantly, our study highlights the temporal dimension of this construction and advances the current knowledge on corporate heritage brands by showing that uniqueness, credibility and consistency over time are key dimensions of corporate heritage brand authenticity assessments. This understanding is fundamental for corporate heritage management practice, especially for developing the strategic positioning of corporate heritage brands in the markets by harnessing the assessments of authenticity.

PREFACE: TECHNICAL COMMISSION II

Abstract. ISPRS Technical Commission II focuses, at various scales, on geometric, radiometric and multi-temporal aspects of image- and range-based 3D surveying and modeling. Specifically, Commission II deals with image orientation, point cloud generation and processing, 3D feature extraction, dynamic and static scene analysis, sensor and data fusion, and machine learning for geospatial data analysis and big data techniques for massive data processing. Applications in the fields of mapping, infrastructure monitoring, heritage studies, space exploration, underwater photogrammetry and environmental engineering are also considered.The Volume related to Commission II contains 108 papers published in the ISPRS Archives and 20 published in the ISPRS Annals. The papers in Archives were accepted from among 111 abstract submissions and 59 full papers. Of the 108 Archives papers, 32 were full paper submissions and 76 were abstract submissions. The 20 papers in the Annals were selected from among 59 full paper submissions after going through a peer review process.In the aforementioned areas of research, the papers in this volume discuss the challenges and needs, and introduce novel photogrammetric solutions that depict the latest developments in the field.There has been a wide range of coverage of these topics and point cloud generation and processing has been the most active coverage with close to 38% of the accepted papers. This is followed by machine/deep learning methods with 31.8% that provide solutions to the semantic enrichment of images and 3D data. Research in heritage and underwater studies is represented with 9% and 6%, respectively, of the accepted papers.We believe these volumes nicely recap the state-of-the-art, current trends and possible applications of photogrammetry on a wide range of topics with a nice overview of the future research directions.On behalf of Technical Commission II, we would like to thank the local organizers of the 2021 ISPRS Congress, the members of the international program committee, all Working Group officers and all reviewers for their hard organizational work and efforts in the paper reviewing process.

TESSERAE3D: A BENCHMARK FOR TESSERAE SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION IN 3D POINT CLOUDS

Abstract. 3D point cloud of mosaic tesserae is used by heritage researchers, restorers and archaeologists for digital investigations. Information extraction, pattern analysis and semantic assignment are necessary to complement the geometric information. Automated processes that can speed up the task are highly sought after, especially new supervised approaches. However, the availability of labelled data necessary for training supervised learning models is a significant constraint. This paper introduces Tesserae3D, a 3D point cloud benchmark dataset for training and evaluating machine learning models, applied to mosaic tesserae segmentation. It is a publicly available, very high density and coloured dataset, accompanied by a standard multi-class semantic segmentation baseline. It consists of about 502 million points and contains 11 semantic classes covering a wide range of tesserae types. We propose a semantic segmentation baseline building on radiometric and covariance features fed to ensemble learning methods. The results delineate an achievable 89% F1-score and are made available under https://github.com/akharroubi/Tesserae3D, providing a simple interface to improve the score based on feedback from the research community.

A systematic mapping of BIM and digital technologies for architectural heritage

PurposeAcross the architecture, engineering and construction industry, the application of building information modelling (BIM) as a digital technology for architectural heritage is becoming increasingly relevant. However, scholarly research on the application of BIM for architectural heritage is still in its infancy stage and the research gaps and future directions of this research area are still unclear. This paper therefore aims to fill this gap by using a systematic and robust review using a mixed-method approach to show the gaps of research for BIM and architectural heritage and point to new directions for future works.Design/methodology/approachThe study includes a quantitative scientometric analysis and mapping and a qualitative study. A total of 354 articles related to BIM and architectural heritage were analysed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative tools. The qualitative study consists of a systematic literature review supported by data collected from stakeholder and training workshops on digital technologies and BIM for heritage.FindingsFindings from this study reveal the gaps in the field of heritage and BIM research according to retrieved articles from different countries and journals. Furthermore, emerging domains for future research were identified and these included: as-built modelling and 3D reconstruction; conservation, preservation and management; documentation; maintenance and restoration; virtual technology and simulation.Originality/valueThe common research challenges were identified as an integrated outcome of the findings revealed from the scientometric mapping and qualitative review and resulted in key BIM and heritage research priority recommendations relevant to researchers within this field.

Comparison of unofficial recognition and conservation approaches to informal architectural heritage: cases from Hong Kong, China and Iwate Prefecture, Japan

ABSTRACT “Informal heritage” refers to spaces in cities that have certain heritage value but cannot be officially recognized as urban or architectural heritage sites. The author has observed the recognition and conservation of informal building heritage driven by architectural scholars (professionals) or communities in some Asian cities; this phenomenon provides a suitable perspective from which to observe the connection between Asian conservation, citizen participation, and urbanism. Western heritage research recently emphasizes the empowerment of communities to manage heritage conservation; however, what is the meaningful community participation in the old building’s conservation if adding the professional perspective, especially in the diversified Asian urban context, remains unclear. This study involved participatory observation, interviews, and the analysis of relevant literature for comparison of the recognition and conservation approaches of two typical “informal heritage” cases in Hong Kong (China) and Iwate Prefecture (Japan). This paper discusses the interaction modes among historians, related professionals, and communities and the “heritage process” in these two urban contexts. Additionally, an argument is made that these two cases are consistent with a Western heritage conservation theory, which encourages community empowerment; however, in the Asian urban context, a higher degree of community participation does not necessarily indicate more meaningful participation.

In situ Raman spectroscopy for cultural heritage studies

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is considered as one of the most appreciated analytical techniques in the cultural heritage research field, thanks to some of its favourable characteristics such as the relatively quick time of analysis, identification of both inorganic and organic molecules. The necessity of conducting the research non‐destructively on‐site and directly on the artefact brought the technique out of the laboratory. Since 2004, when the first non‐commercial mobile Raman instrument for in situ applications on cultural heritage objects was realized, years of continuous technical and instrumental developments have passed. Today, on‐site Raman spectroscopy is considered as a cornerstone technique for the documentation of materials of works of art and the assessment of their conservation state without jeopardizing the integrity of the artefact. This paper reviews some of the breakthroughs of Raman analysis of cultural heritage objects, conducted on field (museum environment, outdoors and archaeological complexes).

Thoughts on the Discipline Attribution of Industrial Archaeology

Industrial archaeology started developing in China in the 1950s. It is a subject of research and protection of industrial heritage, and has become an important discipline in China.By reviewing the rise of the industrial archeology, It is presented that, due to differences between industrial heritage and antiques, the research methods, findings, focuses and the core values of industrial archeology are very different from those of traditional archeology. The author argues that to classify industrial archaeology as a sub-discipline of archaeology remains to be considered. With the developments and improvements of industrial archaeology, its scope as a discipline will gradually become clear. Moreover, interdisciplinary research is helpful for the development and improvement of industrial archaeology.

Calculation of common evaluation indexes for heritage evaluation of water conservancy projects

In this article, through further study of water conservancy engineering heritage, compiled a set of system of water conservancy engineering heritage research evaluation methods, namely analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method combined with the Delphi evaluation, through this research, hope that through quantifiable data model and offer reference for evaluation of the water conservancy engineering heritage. Thus, the system protection, effective management and rational utilization of water conservancy heritage can be better promoted.

Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning for the Inventory of Historical Buildings on the Example of Measuring the Elevations of the Buildings in the Old Market Square in Jarosław

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology is increasingly used in surveying, construction and architecture. The potential of the data obtained by this method creates the possibility of its versatile application also in conservation and revitalization of monuments, archaeology or history. The use of this technology during the creation of architectural documentation of a historic building greatly facilitates the acquisition of comprehensive information about its actual condition in a fast, non-invasive and very precise manner. Thanks to digital technology, it also creates the possibility to accurately interpret the condition of an object and present its model in a virtual space. This technology provides the ability to transfer acquired image elements with high accuracy of their mapping to plans and designs prepared by architects and contractors. It is also possible to maintain high technical standards in the processes aimed at the preparation of the required graphical studies, thanks to the use of the point cloud obtained in TLS. One of the most important advantages of using this measurement method is the possibility of combining it with data from e. g. from photogrammetric tools, which gives the possibility to fill in the missing elements creating a more complete picture of the needed data. This paper presents the implementation of terrestrial laser scanning technology as a non-invasive method for the modelling of walls and buildings of the so-called “greenfield”. Revers BIM on the example of the measurement of the facades of the buildings of the old market in Jarosław. This technology allows for preparation of precise architectural documentation including: projections, sections, elevation views, 3D models or multimedia visualizations. The use of TLS for cultural heritage research also enables the preparation of fully complete documentation for conservation and restoration works aimed at maintaining the current state of monuments or even at reconstructing their damaged architectural elements.

Tourism and Guidebooks in the Activities of Academic Staff at the Faculty of Fine Art at Stefan Batory University in Vilnius

Stefan Batory University in Vilnius was established in 1919 as a regional entity to carry out scientific research and develop Polish academic education. One of its faculties – the Faculty of Fine Arts (1930–1939) – gathered charismatic and popular artists, historians and architects. Among them, two professors – Juliusz Kłos (1888–1933) and Marian Morelowski – published the guidebooks for Vilnius and Wileńszczyzna region (Wilno. Przewodnik krajoznawczy, 1937; Zarys sztuki wileńskiej z przewodnikiem po zabytkiem między Niemnem a Dźwiną, 1939). The book written by Kłos gained popularity and was often purchased by the tourists who visited Vilnius. The aim of the article is to determine the main methodology, historical approaches and working styles of both authors. Moreover, the paper involves their attitude towards developing tourism, cultural heritage and historical research. The article also involves the main ideas of artistic education professors had and how much tourism was involved in the whole education process for them.

Revealing time\u2019s secrets at the National Theatre of Costa Rica via innovative software for cultural heritage research

Establishing affordable, efficient, accessible, innovative, and multidisciplinary methodologies to the diagnosis of the conservation state of an artwork is key to carry out appropriate strategies of conservation and consequently to the creation of modern public policies on cultural heritage. Limited access to large-format paintings is a challenge to restoration scientists seeking to obtain information quickly, in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner, and identify regions of interest. Therefore, we put forward two unique software tools based on multispectral imaging techniques, with the long-term aim to assess the artist’s intentions, creative process, and colour palette. This development paves the way for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary understanding of the mysteries encompassed in each pictorial layer, through the study of their physical and chemical characteristics. We conducted the first ever study on Musas I and Musas II, two large-format paintings by Italian artist Carlo Ferrario, located in the National Theatre of Costa Rica. In this study, we used our novel imaging techniques to choose regions of interest in order to study sample layers; while also assessing the works’ state of conservation and possible biodeterioration. We explored the applications of our two versatile software tools, RegionOfInterest and CrystalDistribution, and confirmed paint stratigraphies by means of microscopy and spectroscopy analyses (OM, SEM-EDX, Fluorescent microscopy, FTIR-ATR and micro-Raman). In a pilot study, we identified the artist’s main colour palette: zinc white, lead white, chrome yellow, lead read, viridian, along with artificial vermilion and ultramarine pigments. We were able to identify artificial vermilion and ultramarine and distinguish them from the natural pigments using CrystalDistribution to map the average size and diameter of the pigment crystals within the paint layers. This study demonstrated that software-based multidisciplinary imaging techniques are novel in establishing preventive and non-invasive methods for historical painting conservation studies, in addition, this study provides tools with great potential to be used in the future in applications such as virtual restoration.

Food heritage as a resource for museum cooperation: lessons from a project at the Estonian National Museum

ABSTRACT The article examines museum partnership and cooperation drawing on experiences of a food heritage research and development project at the Estonian National Museum. The study relies on the principles of participatory research and focuses on contributory, collaborative and co-creative partnerships of the museum with the business and non-profit sector. The experience of the project confirmed that food heritage is an excellent topic for cooperation with various stakeholders as it enables the engagement and integration of broad spectrum of expertise. The study analyses and discusses expectations of partners as well as the museum in four joint initiatives, and the opportunities and pitfalls that ensue from diverse cooperation processes, and the outcomes.