Colonial Heritage Research Articles

“Catherine Tekakwitha, who are you?” — The Indigenous Female Body in the Colonial and Post-Colonial

In 2012, the Mohawk saint Catherine Tekakwitha was finally canonized by the Catholic church. She has been the subject of many accounts and narratives —both historical and fictional—and figures as the main subject of Leonard Cohen’s 1966 novel Beautiful Losers. While having been lauded for its post-modernist and presumably postcolonialism stance on Tekakwitha’s figure, Cohen’s novel remains controversial in its depiction and appropriation of Indigenous womanhood. Beautiful Losers relies heavily on missionaries’ accounts of Tekakwitha and is entrenched in the male protagonist’s sexual claim and fixation on her character. Given the significant status of women in Indigenous communities, I argue that Cohen’s novel not only participates in an ongoing violation of the Indigenous female body but also denies the integrity of Indigenous family structures and their social as well as narrative authority. It hinders, rather than encourages, a shift in narrative authority pertaining to Canada’s colonial heritage. While Cohen’s text remains a necessary testament to the shortcomings and failures of history and its criticism, what is required in forthcoming scholarship and narratives dealing with Tekakwitha and figures similar to her is a narration originating in Indigenous communities. An emergence of such narratives requires a definite reckoning with Canada’s violent history of mistreating Indigenous womanhood that continues to this day.

Weaving Ancestral Wisdom: Communicating the Power of Sumbanese Women’s Resistance to the Next Generation through Arts-Based Liberative Pedagogy

As an artistic activity, weaving traditions have been passed down by women weavers from generation to generation in Sumba, Indonesia. Women can express their resistance to an oppressive situation through aesthetic engagement using handwoven textile motifs. There are also motifs related to woman’s resistance to Dutch colonialization in the past. This paper argues that the motifs of resistance in Sumba handwoven textiles are an important element that can support an arts-based liberative pedagogy in Christian religious education as part of the struggle against grand narratives of colonial legacy, especially in the context of colonial heritage churches in Indonesia.

Application of Cultural Tourism Using Community-Based Tourism in the Kayutangan Heritage Area of Malang City

The Kayutangan heritage area still maintains the architectural forms from its Dutch colonial heritage. The attractions of this form include: cultural heritage buildings, burial sites, irrigation canals and tunnels, the krempyeng market, and events. The purpose of this research was to describe and analyze the application and impact of cultural tourism with the community-based tourism (CBT) concept in the Kampoeng Kayutangan heritage area in Malang City. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to analyze the factors of sustainable tourism development. The results showed that the existing application in the area, covering economic, social, cultural, environmental and political aspects, is already based on the CBT concept. In the economic dimension, the source of funds comes from ticketing or donations allocated for tourism development. However, the economic impact of this tourism has been limited because the impact has not been achieved by the people themselves. In the social dimension, tourists are warmly welcomed when visiting this tourist attraction, which upholds a spirit of togetherness and kinship in serving guests. In the cultural dimension, there is an exchange of ideas where the idea will be accepted and applied for better tourism development. In the environmental dimension, the existing management in this area has not yet implemented 3R, but the management applies segregation and the existing sanitation system is good. In the political dimension, decision-making regarding tourism in this area is carried out by the local tourism community in the Kayutangan Heritage’s Pokdarwis (Tourism Awareness Group).
 Keywords: cultural tourism, community-based tourism, Kayutangan Heritage, Malang City 1.

Silent memorylands: City branding and the coloniality of cultural memory in the Hamburg HafenCity

This article illustrates the predicaments of self-acclaimed global cities that come under pressure to decolonise heritage practices. Examining the politics of public memory in post-imperial Hamburg through the inner-city redevelopment project Hamburg HafenCity, it shows how commemorative landscapes are co-produced by market rationalities. Through document analysis and interviews with city planners, artists and campaigners, the article explores urban toponymies and heritage sites as relational and contested configurations of post-colonial memory and culture. It finds that the HafenCity’s colonial heritage premediates the area’s contemporary symbolic programme which celebrates European expansion, cosmopolitanism and Hamburg’s maritime tradition. The article engages with the multiple modes of encounter and performative responses that (neo-)colonial memory landscapes elicit. It redraws the affective geographies of (un-)belonging in a post-imperial city and charts decolonial propositions of civil society actors.

Combating Corruption in the Private Sector

Combating private sector corruption is indispensable for economic growth. This paper sought to interrogate the impact of corruption in private sector and explore enabling strategies to retard private sector corruption and allow the economy to grow. The research applied a qualitative approach using an exploratory research design. The research participants were purposively selected from the Chief Executive Officers of private corporations that were conveniently accessed in Harare Metropolitan Province. Data collection methods included unstructured interviews and documentary review. The results established that major causes of corruption in the private sector include effects of colonial heritage, low percentage of women in the labour force, deteriorating cultural factors and endowment of natural resources. It was also found that the impact of private sector corruption negatively manifest itself in the community, it derails investments, foreign direct investment, foreign trade and foreign aid, affects gross domestic product and the economic growth and productivity. The study recommended that strong adherence to corporate governance principles, building strong positive culture and improving corporate integrity, incorporating financial institutions and promulgating effective laws against bribery and corruption in the private will help in reducing private sector corruption. It can be concluded that the fight against corruption should be given top priority as its success has the potential to grow the economy. Keywords: private sector corruption, strategies, economy DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-20-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

History of the Implementation and Development of the Criminal Law (KUHP) of the Dutch Colonial Heritage in Indonesia

This study uses a qualitative method with a historical approach. The purpose of this paper is to know the history of the development of the Indonesian Criminal Code, the benefit of this writing is to add insight into legal knowledge, the previous article only explained the history of the Criminal Code, while this article explains why the Dutch Criminal Code inherited from the Dutch colonial era was enacted in Indonesia, Talking about criminal law, of course we discuss about behavior that should be done and should not be done, criminal law is the whole of the regulations that determine what actions are prohibited which are included in criminal acts, as well as determine what penalties can be imposed on those who commit them, criminal law that applies in Indonesia is a Dutch colonial heritage which was formerly known as Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Netherlands Indie,After Indonesia's independence from the Dutch colony in 1945, Indonesia carried out the integration and codification of the Dutch Colonial heritage law into Wetboek van Strafrecht (WvS) which was later known as the Criminal Code, the basic reason for the enforcement of the colonial law was because Indonesia did not yet have written criminal law that is universally applicable in the country of Indonesia, the implementation of the criminal law of the Dutch colonial heritage is not something special for the Indonesian people because the criminal law is not made based on the characteristics of the Indonesian nation. , how is the problem of the Indonesian Criminal Codewhat is the problem with the Indonesian Criminal Code.

Is colonial heritage negative or not so much? Debating heritage discourses and selective interpretation of Kulangsu, China

Heritage is in essence dissonant, especially colonial heritage in postcolonial nations. Via questionnaire surveys and interviews, this study investigates Kulangsu in Xiamen, China, a colonial heritage site mainly developed in the 19th and 20th centuries, to unveil the local government’s authorised heritage discourse (AHD) of the site and how tourists perceive the colonial past of Kulangsu and construct their own heritage discourse(s). Results show that, when considering the colonial history of the site, neither the AHD promoted by the authorities nor the tourists’ lay discourses are necessarily negative. However, tension implicitly arises between the tourists’ demand for comprehensive heritage information and the authorities’ selective interpretation of the site. Although the AHD affects lay discourses to some extent, most tourists expect the authorities to present more complete and neutral information about heritage so they can reflect and forge their own conception of colonial legacies. From a critical heritage studies perspective, this tension reflects the power imbalance between the authorities and the tourists and reminds the authorities and heritage experts to rethink heritage tourism and conservation in terms of heritage interpretation. This paper, therefore, calls for additional reflection on the legitimacy of selective interpretation, which implicates a complex process of intricate reasoning that is underpinned by the power imbalance between the authorities and the tourists, ultimately resulting in an AHD.

How does colonial heritage segment food markets? Evidence from rice consumers in Mauritania

Abstract Reducing Africa's dependence on Asian rice imports requires tailoring local rice products to food markets that are segmented by cultural heritage of ancient rice domestication and colonial heritage of more recent import substitution policies. Using experimental auctions, we examine quality upgrading and branding spillovers from Senegal by assessing the competitiveness of Senegalese vis-à-vis imported Asian rice products in an urban market in Mauritania. The Mauritanian rice market is mainly shaped by colonial heritage and is segmented into (i) elite White Hassanis, (ii) lower caste Black Hassanis, (iii) immigrants with colonial heritage, and (iv) a smaller group of immigrants with cultural heritage. While colonial heritage generally tends to incline consumers towards imported rice, local rice is preferred by Black Hassanis, older and more educated consumers, housewives, and wealthier families. This evidence can support policymakers and value chain actors in their efforts to spill over rice value chain upgrading between the Senegalese and Mauritanian river banks along the Senegal River Valley.

Electronic Public Summon In Civil Procedure; In Effort To Quit The Colonial Heritage

The court summon is the first spearhead of the entire trial process, especially for the civil cases. Court summon has an essential role, even the summon process may decide the legitimation of a trial that conducted by the judge. The court summon is conducted in order to inform the parties when they should appear before the judge. It becomes important due to its impact to the parties’ life fate, either its right over goods or its legal status on a family. Therefore, the laws shall ensure that every person shall know whenever their rights being challenged before the court. In civil cases the court summon is regulated under Article 390 HIR (718 RBg), which is one of its kind is known as public summon. The legal basis to conduct the public summon in last 170 years has not been changed, only public summon in certain case that amended, such as in divorce case. Even then, the change does not really change the summoning process, the summoning still conducted by using a announcing paper that put in the government building and announcing through conventional media mass such as newspaper, radio or television. However nowadays, this kind of media has been left by the people, their popularity has been stolen by the internet like youtube, facebook, Instagram and etc. The Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung, hereafter as “MA”) shall adapt to this era, MA shall re-innovate the way public summon conducted in last 170 years, by using the innovation of the 21th century which is the “internet”, by using the “Electronic Public Summon”

The ghost of Hernán Cortés: the colonial heritage in the Americas in the Cold War and post-Cold War era

In this article I explore a range of approaches to the colonial heritage (or colonial heritages) in the Americas in both their popular and academic iterations during the Cold War and the post-Cold War era. Overall, I argue that the most obvious elements of the Hispanic colonial heritage are cultural and linguistic, as well as various forms of economic dependence and high levels of socio-economic inequality. Economic dependence and social inequality remain a central, if now diffuse, Hispanic colonial heritage, as does the diverse cultural and linguistic post-colonial milieu that is the New World. Over three decades out from the end of the Cold War, the cultural complexity, shifting economic contours and geographical diffusion of the Hispanic colonial heritage is more apparent than ever at the same time as (contrary to several recent accounts) it hangs no heavier over the present than the Anglo-Protestant colonial heritage; nor should either be deployed to do too much heavy lifting as far as explaining contemporary developmental outcomes is concerned.

Counterinsurgency in (un)changing times? Colonialism, hearts and minds, and the war on terror

Counterinsurgencies mostly fail, as the 2021 allied withdrawal from Afghanistan illustrates. Still, confronting insurgencies remains a central component in ongoing counterterror efforts around the world. The crux of counterinsurgency (COIN) centers on winning the ‘hearts and minds’ of noncombatants in order to cut militants off from a needed source of material and psychological support. In practice, however, COIN has failed to leverage a pacified civilian population into a military victory and has instead led to protracted engagements with unclear and contradictory goals. I argue that this policy failure can be explained by rehabilitating the doctrine’s colonial heritage to its contemporary deployment. I do so by tracing the doctrinal origins of COIN to American-led pacification programs in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Using time as a conceptual anchor, I draw on postcolonialism and social theory to unearth how embedded imperialist notions of Self/Other in the doctrine help explain this ongoing failure. A temporal lens augments an analysis of COIN in three respects. First, it illustrates the longevity of counterinsurgency as a geopolitical practice of pacifying ‘disruptive Others’. Second, it reveals a paradox in a doctrine that intimates an end state marked by the absence of those disruptive Others but is designed to constantly seek out disruption. Finally, it lays bare differing motivations for the imperial Self to endure the encounter with the Other in the first place. I conclude by reflecting on the potentially harmful consequences both at home and abroad should the underlying assumptions of COIN remain unexamined.

The ‘national’ imagining of contemporary Taiwan: the representation of cultural heritage from the Japanese colonial era

ABSTRACT This study aims to discuss how the government and society of Taiwan have appropriated the heritage from Japanese colonial rule into the discourse of Taiwanese culture to bolster the national identity of Taiwan. The interconnected theoretical concepts of ‘imagined communities’ and ‘nationalising the past’ ground the analytical framework of this study. With a focus on the ‘selective’ presentations of the colonial heritage in historic Tainan City, this study explores how the official and social discourses have trivialised, reorganised, simplified, and recontextualised the historical intricacies of legacies of the Japanese colonial era through the process of heritagisation. The research results suggest that the meaning of colonial legacies has been shaped and reshaped from being a mark of the dark past and deprivation to constitute a glorious contribution fulfilling the discourse of multi-faceted Taiwanese culture. This case also suggests the possibility for a post-colonial society to extricate itself from a mimicking mentality and to redevelop their culture discourse as a buttress of the national identity.

Issues and Challenges of Power Sector Reforms in Nigeria: The Political Economy Approach

The post-colonial status and the formation of the Nigerian state have no doubt, redefined it as a neo-patrimonial, pseudo-capitalist and dependent entity. Its forceful integration into the global capitalist ideological orbit could be predicated on the historical antecedents of its colonial heritage. The rentier nature of its political economy had further broadened the basis of capital accumulation through the enlistment of the Nigerian political class interest. The Nigerian economic crises that persist in varying degrees have equally precipitated a number of reform policies by the successive governments in finding the alternative to the economic crises. One of such is the power sector reform with the critical infrastructural gaps despite the continued interventions over the years. There are quite emerging robust literature to support the engaging debates on the nature and character of the Nigerian pervasive economic crises. This paper, interrogates and historicizes the power sector reform policy and undertakes a careful examination of the implications of the privatization exercise as purportedly implemented under the current reforms and its far-reaching effects amidst the exacerbating social crisis of pervasive poverty and the near-absence of effective regulatory mechanism to curtail the exploitative tendencies against the Nigerian mass of electricity consumers. It is also in the contention of this paper that, the post-privatization era in the power sector is still riddled with a plethora of challenges as mostly crystallized by the poor service delivery and the exploitation of electricity consumers.

Lost in translation: colonial heritage and Amnesia in an African city: Maputo’s City of Cement

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the urbanization, urbanism and urbanity in contemporary Maputo, with an emphasis on built heritage issues. The research aimed to provide background for understanding the socio-urban development of the so-called cidade de cimento (produced for the settler population during the colonial period according to European standards), in order to reflect on its changing topographies, as well on the loss of heritage produced by Portuguese colonialism. The article draws on fieldwork and archival research conducted in recent years, arguing that Maputo’s locally dubbed cidade de cimento presents neglected potential for negotiating and building (trans)national identity and memory, as well as sustainable economic alternatives (in areas like tourism and heritage conservation). Therefore, the text contributes to a realization of the fragile condition of modern heritage inherited by post-colonial societies, specially in cities where strong real estate speculation, limited state capacity and fast urbanization are dominant aspects of the urban condition.

‘A National Unity of Interests and Affections’: frameworks of the Union in the Early Brazilian Novel

UK novelistic fiction has been consistently acknowledged as a major repository of narrative paradigms for the incipient Brazilian novel. Genres originally offering a narrative solution for tensions embedded throughout the social life of the United Kingdom would cross the Atlantic and, by mid-nineteenth century, be rendered instrumental for structuring local experience. Among these genres, arguably, was the national tale. National tales aimed to bridge the social dilemmas inherent to a multicultural state like the United Kingdom and, more broadly, the British Empire. Works such as The Wild Irish Girl (1806), by Sidney Owenson, Marriage (1818), by Susan Ferrier, and The Absentee (1812), by Maria Edgeworth, engendered sentimental plots of star-crossed lovers who stood for the divergent UK nationalities, allegorically and didactically overcoming the perceived English prejudice against the Irish and the Scots. Circulating in Brazil for at least five decades, national tales purveyed a narrative framework whereby the unsolvable contradiction between colonial heritage and postcolonial nationalism could be fictionally negotiated in an intercultural erotic union. Indianist novels like José de Alencar’s O Guarani (1857) may have re-enacted such framework.

The Enduring Effect of Cultural Brokerage: From Merchants and Missionaries to Foreign Firms (WITHDRAWN)

This study explores the largely neglected long-term effect of cultural brokerage on local community cultures and international business. We argue that communities with a rich history of cross-cultural exchange between locals and foreigners developed a local culture that continues to influence international business today. Drawing on a matched sample of 68 colonial cities and 80 neighboring cities in China, we connect local variation in central domains of cultural brokerage—trade and missionary activities in the late 19th and early 20th century—with foreign production today. Our results demonstrate the long-term implications of socially-built cultural capacities on local strategies of action and challenge the dominant legalistic approach in colonial heritage research.

PERLUASAN MAKNA ZINA DALAM PASAL 417 RANCANGAN KUHP INDONESIA

The Criminal Code of Dutch colonial heritage needs to be updated because Indonesia and the Netherlands have different characters and cultures. The discourse of overhaul, reform, revision, and even reform has become a long debate by criminal law experts to conform to the values of Indonesian society. The purpose of this study is to find out the Basic Determination of policies on the expansion of adultery and the values protected by the expansion of the Meaning of Zina in Article 417 of the Criminal Law Bill. This research is descriptive with normative juridical research types, using legal approaches and policy approaches. Data are collected through the study of literature, then analyzed qualitatively. This study shows that the basic determination of the policy of expanding adultery in Article 417 of the Criminal Law Bill is based on the perspective of criminal policy, the formulation of adultery in Article 284 of the Criminal Code is a problematic policy because the delik formula only criminalizes perpetrators who have been the same or one of them has been bound by marriage and does not criminalize those who are equally single. Meanwhile, the results of the second study show that the values protected by the expansion of the meaning of adultery in Article 417 of the Criminal Code are religious values, as well as moral values that are closely related to religion and the values of the Indonesian nation derived from Pancasila

Andre E. Johnson, No Future in This Country: The Prophetic Pessimism of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner

<i>Andre E. Johnson</i>, No Future in This Country: The Prophetic Pessimism of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner

Late colonial women in a welfare world

ABSTRACT I sketch a case study of late colonial, welfare-engaged women in Singapore, in a world of imperial privilege, welfare exceptionalism and late colonial fragmentation. They participated in the shaping of their colonial world, but had neither the pre-war sense of belonging, nor the post-colonial clarity of being in another world. The article draws from an archival study of social welfare in Singapore, in the late colonial period from 1945 to 1965. If we are to reclaim the colonial heritage, their lives should neither be ignored nor assigned to a past that has irretrievably been left behind.

Unpacking the environmental movement in megacity Dhaka: how does the resource mobilisation theory explain local urban complexity?

ABSTRACT In the Global South, urban policies are heavily influenced by colonial heritages, and people often experience citizens-detached urban development initiatives. The environmental movement is seen as a new addition that might contribute to society’s efforts to achieve equal urban environmental opportunities. The geographical focus of this article is the megacity Dhaka, which is the social, political, and economic capital of Bangladesh. Unfortunately, this hyper-urbanised megacity suffers from a large poverty-stricken population, leading to a gap in environmental services between the poor and rich. In recent years, Dhaka has experienced a growing momentum with the environmental movement, demanding environmental rights and justice. Based on long-term empirical research, this article shows that even though local marginalised people were the key agents of environmental protests and demonstrations, the movements are usually initiated by very small and relatively homogenous social and political elites, who share the common social, cultural, economic, and political identities.