Dimensions Of Heritage Research Articles

Communicating archaeological heritage

Abstract Existing archaeological heritage communication focuses on educating the public by emphasising scientific knowledge from the perspectives of experts (e.g. archaeologists), often sidelining the perspectives of the local community. Nevertheless, the local community’s perspective is equally important in providing humanistic insights and in connecting the past to the present context. This research explores how local communities make meaning of and relate heritage to their social identity. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 purposely-sampled representatives from various local community groups in Lenggong Valley, Malaysia; including village heads, village elders and individuals from various social and cultural backgrounds. The findings provide interesting insights into how the local community defines and connects to heritage. Importantly, this study highlights multilayered dimensions of archaeological heritage that are intricately connected to contemporary society. Incorporating these wider dimensions into archaeological heritage communication will result in communication that is more socially, culturally and psychologically relevant, thus engendering greater interest and appreciation.

Heritage Planning in Practice and the Role of Cultural Ecosystem Services

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the role of cultural ecosystem services in heritage planning by examining daily working processes at the municipal and county planning levels. The focus was on the cultural ecosystem service dimensions of cultural heritage, place identity, and aesthetic and existential values. Cultural ecosystem service dimensions are currently inadequately represented in research and application of the ecosystem service concept. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with public officials with formal assignments directly related to heritage planning. The results show that cultural ecosystem services are indeed considered in the planning processes, even though the respondents did not actually use the ecosystem service approach. Despite institutional and methodological constraints, respondents were found to aim for a broad planning approach involving dimensions of the landscape such as historic time depth, human use of the landscape, place identity, landscape views, and a strong integration between culture and nature. Thus, the results indicate a potential for integration of cultural ecosystem service dimensions into the ecosystem service approach by utilizing existing knowledge and practices within heritage planning at the local and regional levels.

The rights of reproducing Cultural Heritage in the digital Era. An Italian Perspective

The spread of digital technology has led to a renewed phase within the debate on property rights in Cultural Heritage reproduction.
 This topic is addressed in different ways, but it is currently under discussion both in Europe and USA. Italy holds a particular position in this debate, due to its large concentration of ancient remains and the peculiar structure of its laws.
 The interesting experiments of total open access to Cultural Heritage reproduction on the one hand, and claims of the State Administration for control of Cultural Heritage exploitation and a consequent income (in any sense) on the other, are equally valid arguments. At the same time the blurred distinction between the concepts of ‘reconstruction’ and ‘reproduction’, of ‘personal’ and ‘commercial’ use, and the philosophical and mathematical difficulties in defining what is exactly a ‘copy’ in the digital context, make the matter harder.
 The paper aims to analyse this debate, and to make a contribution to a new method of considering the economic dimension of Cultural Heritage, taking into account international discussion, while focusing on the situation in Italy, and trying to sum up the needs of the different subjects involved while expressing a proposal to resolve the problem.

Newness and heritage in business networks: Case analysis of university spin-offs

The paper's main purpose is to analyse newness and heritage, and what form it may take, in the context of university spin-offs (USOs). The empirical research is based on two cases of USOs generated from an Italian university. The case analysis provides an in-depth investigation of the conditions under which newness can be considered an asset rather than a liability, and sheds light on the role of heritage and how it is related to newness in spin-offs originating in an academic setting. The paper contributes to the literature on whether newness is to be considered a liability or an asset and enhances our understanding of heritage in the context of USOs. The study is also relevant to industrial marketing literature, as it addresses newness and heritage in business networks and affords the potential to better understand the two concepts and how they are linked. The paper demonstrates the existence of an interplay between heritage and newness that is manifest in the mitigating effects of the dimensions of heritage on those of newness: when the degree of heritage (in its various dimensions) is significant, the effects of newness are limited in terms of changes to the existing network, and vice versa.

Paisagem garimpeira no planalto de Diamantina, Minas Gerais

The awareness of landscape stimulates a cognitive attitude towards the signs of the world. Such behavior guided the study of the remaining area of the old Diamond District, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three centuries of mining have left deep vestiges of this activity in the beautiful and diverse environment of the Espinhaco mountain range. This article proposes a critical debate about the heritage dimension of the landscape carved by diggers or garimpeiros. The methodology is based on the notions of visible landscape and lived landscape, and aims to raise tensions of the territory and to build a narrative about the garimpeiros landscape. The work required text and cartographic sources, as well as fieldwork. The results confirm the lack of knowledge about this traditional population. They also impose a reflection about inclusive social development policies, and the need for a concept of tourism that is capable of being integrated in this purpose. This demands the structuring of a knowledge basis and identification of this landscape.

Heritage as trope: conceptual etymologies and alternative trajectories

The theorization of heritage must necessarily examine the impact of its often concealed status as a metaphor, a figuration framing our use of the term as well as those things described as heritage. Describing elements of the past as heritage is a trope as the past does not leave a testament. This figuration singularizes past, present, and legacy (concealing differences within these terms), as well as ascribing intentionality to the past. These resonances often lend a conservative charge to heritage; however, they might also be viewed as offering a critique of the present. The theorization of heritage should also examine specific histories of how this trope arose. In Britain, John Ruskin’s influential articulation of cultural heritage, for example, drew on the way inheritance featured in political writings of John Locke and Edmund Burke. Theorization of heritage can also be broadened by considering how inheritance is employed in other disciplines, such as its use in phenomenology and poststructuralism, an arc encompassing work by Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Luc Marion, Jacques Derrida, and Bernard Stiegler. These investigations help expand the conceptual dimensions of heritage.

DETERMINANTS OF THE PERCEIVED IMAGE OF NIGERIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY

The image of a country’s tourism has become a strong source of economic and social power for the nation’s survival hence the need for its constant measure. This study examines the perceived image of the Nigerian Tourism Industry (NTI) among foreign tourists and residents in Nigeria and the demographic variables that influence perception of the industry. A convenience sampling method was adopted to select total 150 respondents. A questionnaire with twelve key evaluative factors was used in measuring the image of NTI. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), T-Test for equality of means and multiple regression techniques were applied in the analysis of data. The results show that the mean index obtained for the perception of the tourism industry was fairly positive. NTI was perceived to be most reputable in the areas of hospitality under culture and heritage dimension and weakest in political stability under infrastructure dimension. Respondents’ demographic characteristics were not significant in explaining the overall perception of NTI. In the circumstance, we recommend that, to effectively reposition the NTI in the international arena, the Nigerian government needs to be more diligent in conducting its elections in order to ensure fairness and stability. The friendliness of the Nigerian people could be used to mitigate the negative effects of insecurity in the country. Nigeria’s rich cultural heritage and friendly weather should be emphasized in the promotion of NTI.

II – L’évaluation du dommage psychique en droit commun

The medico legal compensation for physic and psychological damage has changed in many ways in the aftermath of the Working Committee Dintilhac who proposes in 2005 a new nomenclature for damages posts, posts referenced by their temporary nature or standing on one hand, and according to their heritage dimension or extrapatrimonial other. If these prejudices are not specific in the psychic damage, each must be assessed for the direct and the indirect victims. We detail in this article the definition of each position, and then we discuss the concepts of “moral damage”, “anxiety prejudice” and “exceptional prejudice”.

The Shape of a City: Geomorphological Landscapes, Abiotic Urban Environment, and Geoheritage in the Western World: the Example of Parks and Gardens

Recognition of geodiversity and of its heritage aspects has resulted in new perceptions of abiotic forms and landscapes. While protected natural areas are often the preferred sites for the study of these new forms of heritage, the urban environment appears to be less subject to scientific study, protection, and geoheritage enhancement. And yet, since the building of the very first cities, natural and artificial abiotic nature has constituted an essential component of urban landscapes. A heritage approach to abiotic forms first developed in the 1990s. It involves a reinterpretation of urban forms and of relationships between towns and geomorphological landscapes, which goes beyond the dual constraint/resource view of nature in urban sites: landforms have gradually become viewed as a new form of heritage associated with history, the urban landscape, and contemporary multidisciplinary studies into “nature in the city.” The objective of this article is to analyze the emergence of this heritage dimension in the abiotic city/nature landscape relationship. We will begin by demonstrating that urban sites do in fact display landscape features, which have been taken into account since antiquity, and that the representations of abiotic forms have evolved at the same pace as temporalities inherent in urban change. Secondly, to illustrate these new perceptions, we will undertake an analysis of the geomorphological landscapes of urban parks and gardens which are so emblematic of the Western world. A typology of the geomorphological heritage landscapes which make up abiotic urban nature will then be discussed, locating urban forms at the interface between nature and culture.

Modern roads as UNESCO World Heritage sites: framework and proposals

There has been noticeable development in the protection of linear infrastructure by UNESCO, whether on its cultural, technological or historical merits. However, with the exception of other means of transport incorporated within the field of industrial archaeology or recognised by the CIIC under the category of cultural routes, little or no consideration has been given to roads built from the mid-eighteenth century to the early part of the twentieth century. In view of this situation, this paper has the following aims. Firstly, to define the concept of ‘modern road’ and provide a brief analysis of the historical development and current situation of the same. Secondly, to assess the main contributions made to date regarding the heritage dimension of modern roads. Thirdly, to reconstruct the process of defining linear cultural landscapes, historic transportation corridors, cultural routes and heritage canals, railways and roads, in accordance with the considerations raised by ICOMOS and UNESCO. Finally, to contribute to the debate on the definition, characterisation and assessment of modern roads as world heritage assets, both intrinsically and in relation to established heritage categories.

Patrimonios en conflicto, competencias cívicas y formación profesional en educación primaria

This paper presents the results of a study on the development of the professional competence of students training to become primary education teachers. This study is based on incorporating research on immaterial, invisible or hidden heritage into education. The results are contrasted with those obtained when applying the model in the primary classroom during teaching practice. The objective of the study was to test whether heritage education can become an effective tool in the initial stages of teacher training and in the development of civic behaviour among primary school pupils. Our basis is a concept of heritage which transcends the traditional historical-artistic dimension. We have incorporated research on uncomfortable or conflictive aspects of heritage, such as places relating to the memory of the Spanish Civil War. Our interpretative research followed a qualitative methodology, thereby making the ethnographic method compatible with the case study. Attention was paid both to the process followed in teacher training classes at university and its subsequent application and development in the primary education classroom. Two types of samples were selected for the study, both of which were incidental. The first consisted of a group of 74 teacher training students. In the second, a case study was carried out analysing the results of two of those students who, during their period of teaching practice, worked in collaboration with two groups of pupils from the 4th and 5th years of primary education in a small rural village. The trainee teachers employed and developed a teaching and learning model incorporating both the rational and emotional dimensions of heritage in order to construct identities, which they then applied with success in the primary classroom.

Politics of tangibility, intangibility, and place in the making of a European cultural heritage in EU heritage policy

The EU has recently launched several initiatives that aim to foster the idea of a common European cultural heritage. The notion of a European cultural heritage in EU policy discourse is extremely abstract, referring to various ideas and values detached from physical locations or places. Nevertheless the EU initiatives put the abstract policy discourse into practice and concretize its notions about a European cultural heritage. A common strategy in this practice is ‘placing heritage’ – affixing the idea of a European cultural heritage to certain places in order to turn them into specific European heritage sites. The materialisation of a European cultural heritage and the production of physical European heritage sites are crucial elements in the policy through which the EU seeks to govern both the actors and the meanings of heritage. On the basis of a qualitative content analysis of diverse policy documents and informational and promotional material, this article presents five strategies of ‘placing heritage’ used in the EU initiatives. In addition, the article presents a theoretical model of circulation of the tangible and intangible dimensions of heritage in the EU heritage policy discourse and discusses the EU’s political intents included in the practices of ‘placing heritage’.

New models of Public-private Partnership in Cultural Heritage Sector: Sponsorships between Models and Traps

Nowadays the cooperation between industry and culture is a well-known practice in several countries. However, in Italy the number of initiatives is still insufficient related to its cultural heritage dimension. Italy presents the higher number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and also over the 60% of world's cultural heritage. This huge quantity of heritage is an element that certainly point out the national identity and it contributes to the collective daily-life quality. Also the ownership of the Italian cultural heritage is collective or public, and due to the dimension of the phenomenon it is hard to guarantee a proper and comprehensive conservation. Facing this missing the contribution of public-private partnership in cultural sector must be improved, to promote - and sometimes assure - the heritage safeguarding and conservation. This paper will explore the experiences of Mecenatismo, or cultural patronage, and Sponsorship as successful or questionable application cases.

Colección Roser Calaf de recursos didácticos textuales para museos y sitios de patrimonio: análisis y valoración desde la perspectiva de la educación patrimonial (Roser Calaf’s collection of textual educational resources for museums and heritage places)

In this paper we expose an investigation into the analysis and evaluation of a collection of museum-learning resources, all textual and hardware ones, but with different formats: teaching unit, worksheets, guides, workbooks, etc. This analysis is done from an educational point of view and more specifically from the heritage dimension of education. To reach this aim we have chosen the tool develop by Suarez, Calaf and San Fabian (2013), to evaluate good workcustoms, adapted to the content of this research. The main results highlight the lack of heritage ap.roach (justified in the birth of the concept in Spain in 2003) and the lack of consistency in educational designs.

Stakeholder Perceptions of Offshore Wind Power: A Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping Approach

ABSTRACTUsing the method of fuzzy cognitive mapping, this study explores stakeholder attitudes toward offshore wind energy. The survey was conducted with local communities of the Bay of Saint-Brieuc, where an offshore wind farm is under development. It was used to record the stakeholder perceptions of social, ecological, and economic impacts and the expression of expected compensation for negative impacts. Distribution and interaction among the data were analyzed through multiple correspondence analysis. Our study illustrates a gap between positive impacts associated with sustainable development perceived at the national level and more negative impacts perceived by local communities. The expression of expected compensation is dependent on the perceived impacts. This study highlights the place attachment of local stakeholders and thus suggests developing offshore wind farms with respect to territorial integrity and its heritage dimension in order to improve social acceptability.

Rethinking conservation: managing cultural heritage as an inhabited cultural landscape

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest an approach to cultural heritage management as an inhabited cultural landscape in a context of urban planning. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a review of academic literature on the topic of cultural heritage conservation. Findings – This paper supports an approach to management of cultural heritage as a cultural landscape, defining it as a multivalent social phenomenon with tangible and intangible dimensions, spatial, and temporal scales. The cultural landscape approach continues the discourse on heritage values and emphasises the importance of recognition of social value and hence a wider stakeholder participation in the process of heritage management. This approach allows enhancing both intangible and tangible dimensions of cultural heritage and, therefore, encourages a more inclusive consideration of diverse cultural heritage values (encompassing social and environmental categories, e.g. well-being, health). Originality/value – The proposed cultural landscape approach to heritage management, as a culturally significant, inhabited, and changing landscape, enables a more comprehensive view on the interrelations of cultural heritage with other social and environmental categories and enhances the understanding of different values of cultural heritage. This approach could be particularly useful for strategic development at city planning level and in large construction or infrastructural projects.

Economic evaluation of urban heritage: An inclusive approach under a sustainability perspective

Abstract This paper proposes an operational analysis grid to evaluate the economic interest of rehabilitation or renovation projects linked to urban heritage. Monetary and non-monetary indicators are both useful for this evaluation. Developers currently view urban heritage as a resource for their field. This view has led the developers to estimate the economic value of urban heritage when standard tools of economic analysis, which only focus on use values, are unable to provide clear results. We advance an operational economic definition of urban heritage. Our definition of urban heritage is described as inclusive because it includes four series of interdependent economic, social, cultural and environmental elements. At the heart of the process of patrimonialisation is conservation and the transmission of heritage to future generations. As environmental economists advance an economic definition of sustainability, the definition of “strong sustainability” appears to be particularly relevant for the evaluation of urban heritage. Above certain thresholds, the four different dimensions of urban heritage are complementary, rather than substitutable, and the loss of one of these dimensions would be irreversible. We examine sustainability through the dynamics of accumulation in the four dimensions of urban heritage and conclude by identifying the thresholds and risks that might weigh on heritage rehabilitation or renovation projects.

Thematic dimension of geological heritage: An evidence from the Western Caucasus

The geodiversity hotspot comprising 14 geological heritage sites is located on the territory of Mountainous Adygeja in the Western Caucasus (southwestern Russia). The geosites represent some lengthy intervals of the geological history from the Precambrian to the Quaternary, as well as changes in the palaeotectonical affinity of the Greater Caucasus. Visitors of this territory can observe rocks, fossils, and facies, which are typical for the geological periods, especially the Permian, the Triassic, and Jurassic, and the Cretaceous. The same geosites permit to trace shift of the Greater Caucasus Terrane from the Gondwanan margin, where it was before the Devonian, to Laurussia and then Laurasia. Therefore, the geosites can be grouped thematically to facilitate arrangement of geoconservation and geotourism activities. This approach permits to increase the scientific and educational values of the geological heritage in Mountainous Adygeja and to make it more attractive for geotourists. However, such a thematic treatment of the regional geological heritage should not lead to underestimation of the other geological features.

Chinese Tourists in Taiwan: Motivation and Satisfaction

The research aims to examine Chinese tourists’ motivation, travel characteristics and satisfaction in Taiwan. We investigated 335 Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan during December 2011 and January 2012, and the demographic background of respondents comply with the general structure of whole Chinese outbound tourists. The results showed that main motivation are releasing tension, exploring culture and sharing travel experience. Chinese tourists were most interested in sightseeing with coastal landscape, followed by historical monument. It also found Chinese tourist were most satisfied with transportation, including driver quality, safety and comfortable service. This study found some policy implication in attracting Chinese outbound tourist for international tourism market. We suggested that the marketing policies of continue attracting, may include to emphasis the overseas Chinese culture for heterogeneous experience, to develop the shopping district around the hotel for shopping hobby and to explore various goods and diversity Chinese food under reasonable price. To shed light on Chinese outbound tourists in general, there is a need for more research on the motivation from the dimensions of heritage of Chinese culture. This study provides an understanding of different dimensions of Chinese outbound tourists for Asian economies.

Introduction: Mapping the Moving Dimensions of Heritage

Introduction: Mapping the Moving Dimensions of Heritage