Context Of Heritage Research Articles

Self-Identity Matters: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Decode Tourists' Waste Sorting Intentions.

Waste sorting is a practical way of handling the garbage and an effective strategy for facilitating sustainable waste management. This research extended the theory of planned behavior (TPB) with self-identity and moral norms to predict waste sorting intentions in a heritage context of tourism. A total of 403 valid self-administrated questionnaires were achieved at a heritage destination in China. The results indicated that: (1) TPB variables (i.e., attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), self-identity, and moral norms were all directly and positively linked to tourists' waste sorting intentions, respectively; (2) self-identity indirectly influenced tourists' waste sorting intentions through the mediation of moral norms; and (3) the integrated model exhibited better predictive utility than any single model. This research contributes to the literature on waste management in the context of tourism by extending TPB with identity and personal normative constructs. It also provides practical implications for destination managers to leverage tourists' self-identity and moral norms for sustainable management.

Integrating Historical Ecology and Environmental Justice

Environmental justice studies (EJS) provides a framework for interdisciplinary research and advocacy in the realm of cultural heritage research and management. Ethnobiologists, in particular those who focus on environmental archaeology, are no strangers to the heritage arena as our scholarship commonly concerns “cultural keystone places,” which are rich with meaning for one or more groups of people. Three dimensions and three core concepts of EJS can serve as guideposts to research centering on these significant places. These EJS concepts align and intersect with core principles of historical ecology (HE), particularly through the study of landscapes as complex systems. This paper highlights how environmental justice and HE can be conceptually integrated. This EJS-HE framework is relevant to research design in environmental archaeology and more broadly ethnobiology, a framing to be adopted at the beginning of the research process that explicitly considers whether a research question is ethical to approach within a particular heritage context.

Colorimetric evaluation of 3D printing polymers exposed to accelerated aging for Cultural Heritage applications

Abstract3D printing has become a widespread technology that allows the creation of physical objects from different materials. The conservation and restoration of Cultural Heritage field has recently introduced this technology as a complement to its traditional methods. However, the main concern in the application of 3D printing in this context is the long‐term behavior of the materials used. The key objective of this research was the identification of the suitability of 3D printing filaments for conservation purposes. The methodology followed in this study consisted of a selection of 13 3D printing filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technologies, which were tested and exposed to an accelerated aging procedure. In order to classify and recommend the materials that present better results, the properties of color, the glossiness, the pH and the Volatile Organic Compounds emission were investigated. This paper collects the results of the analyses carried out, focusing discussion on the colorimetric behavior. The results demonstrate the usefulness of some of the materials studied, highlighting the performance of EP as one of the most stable and reliable materials while Flex is one of the most changeable ones in the Cultural Heritage context. Even though this research provides an overview of the aging of the materials studied, further analyses should be performed to understand the chemical composition and its behavior when exposed to a long‐lasting aging process.

Delineating protective boundaries using the HUL approach a case study: heritage waterways of Isfahan

PurposeThe UNESCO recommendation under the historic urban landscapes (HUL) title and Operational Guidelines (OPG) were used to create dynamic protective boundaries to maintain the integrity and authenticity of Isfahan's heritage waterways. Accordingly, by using GIS and Isfahan urban layers, three protective zones were proposed and evaluated; the central zone, the functional zone and the visual zone.Design/methodology/approachHeritage waterways in historic cities are not adequately protected against the negative impacts of urban development, and there is a lack of a dynamic protective system to protect their integrity and authenticity. The problem can be observed in Isfahan, a historic Iranian city, where the boundaries of urban heritage waterways (Madi canals) are usually rigid and arbitrary. This study aims to develop a practicable paradigm for determining protection boundaries for Isfahan's Jolfa Madi, an urban heritage waterway.FindingsCompared to the current protective boundaries, the authors found that proposed protective boundaries create a greater amount of protection space, which makes a strong connection among the ecological, historical and socio-economic characteristics of the urban context. Furthermore, the protective zones based on the HUL approach give Isfahan's urban planning policy the opportunity to consider participatory tools, financial tools and regulatory systems.Originality/valueMany studies have emphasized a fixed-width buffer or an arbitrary distance from the urban waterway's axis (urban heritage) or its banks. Although these protections include technical conservation or setting restrictions on the adjacent buildings and blocks, studying crucial concepts such as urban dynamic, urban heritage context and producing a particular technique for protected boundaries has not been investigated. In this article three dynamic boundaries are delineated with various functions in order to provide urban heritage with dynamic preservation and sustainable development for the historic urban landscapes.

Urban Heritage in Transformation: Physical and Non-Physical Dimensions of Changing Contexts

Urban heritage is at the core of the process of many changes observable in the cities today. The pace of urban change in heritage contexts, however, differs widely across the globe. In some areas, it goes slowly, in others it is astonishingly rapid. In some cases, change is coupled with risks of erosion of heritage and urban areas of value and in others change is synonymous with prosperity and positive impacts. Change in urban heritage areas is not only confined to the physical and tangible aspects, but needs to be regarded as mirroring changes related socio-political practices, economic implications, and cultural impacts. In this regard, the present thematic issue looks at various patterns of the interrelationship between heritage and urban change from both the physical and the non-physical perspectives. This editorial presents the topic of urban heritage and patterns of physical and non-physical transformation in urban heritage contexts and introduces the thematic issue “Urban Heritage and Patterns of Change: Spatial Practices of Physical and Non-Physical Transformation.”

The process of digital fabrication and 3D printing as a tool in the study of heritage pathologies: Carcabuey Castle (Cordoba)

Highlights: High-definition scanning and 3D printing have been used as tools in the detection of heritage pathologies, as well as in the study of materials. The Carcabuey castle has been digitized and the volumetric data recovered from the study of its materials typology and its stereotomy, obtained with laser scanning. The study of construction and material phases, and the pathologies produced by them, has been carried out from the 3D printing of the heritage structure parts. Abstract: Precise documentation is essential to carry out the restoration and enhancement processes of protected heritage contexts. Data collection has been increasingly perfected, to the point of being able to perform virtual recreations of complex historical sites, in order to carry out in-depth studies and analyses. An example is Carcabuey Castle (Cordoba, Andalusia), a large fortress with important medieval structures. It is a monumental site of the so-called "Frontier Castles", which were located between the Kingdom of Aragon, and the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. With the aim of restoring it and highlighting its value, an in-depth study was developed for its conservation and subsequent intervention. The data collection included terrestrial laser scanning and vectorising all the structures, as well as a complex and complete photogrammetric survey. From these previous data and carrying out a deductive analytical methodology, a model was generated which, after being printed in 3D (different models at different scales of detail), would allow the volumes, materials and textures which make up the castle, to be studied. The multidisciplinary team, composed of architects, archaeologists, historians and engineers, made it possible to provide multifaceted and inclusive character to all the work, both in the study of pathologies based on the models, and in the construction phases, detected by the stereotomy of the ashlars, or chemical composition of mortars. Since then, with all the data obtained in the research, summarised in this article, it has been possible to carry out a correct diagnosis for the restoration and enhancement of the heritage site.

Implementing PointNet for point cloud segmentation in the heritage context

Automated Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) from the point cloud data has been researched in the last decade as HBIM can be the integrated data model to bring together diverse sources of complex cultural content relating to heritage buildings. However, HBIM modelling from the scan data of heritage buildings is mainly manual and image processing techniques are insufficient for the segmentation of point cloud data to speed up and enhance the current workflow for HBIM modelling. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based deep learning methods such as PointNet are introduced in the literature for point cloud segmentation. Yet, their use is mainly for manufactured and clear geometric shapes and components. To what extent PointNet based segmentation is applicable for heritage buildings and how PointNet can be used for point cloud segmentation with the best possible accuracy (ACC) are tested and analysed in this paper. In this study, classification and segmentation processes are performed on the 3D point cloud data of heritage buildings in Gaziantep, Turkey. Accordingly, it proposes a novel approach of activity workflow for point cloud segmentation with deep learning using PointNet for the heritage buildings. Twenty-eight case study heritage buildings are used, and AI training is performed using five feature labelling for segmentation namely, walls, roofs, floors, doors, and windows for each of these 28 heritage buildings. The dataset is divided into clusters with 80% training dataset and 20% prediction test dataset. PointNet algorithm was unable to provide sufficient accuracy in segmenting the point clouds due to deformation and deterioration on the existing conditions of the heritage case study buildings. However, if PointNet algorithm is trained with the restitution-based heritage data, which is called synthetic data in the research, PointNet algorithm provides high accuracy. Thus, the proposed approach can build the baseline for the accurate classification and segmentation of the heritage buildings.

Urban Protection and Renewal Based on Context Heritage--Renewal design of Yantai old town

With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people’s pursuit of spiritual home construction, the standards required for the protection and renewal of historical and cultural sites are rising, and not only the tourist attractions and commercial blocks in ancient historical and cultural sites need to be protected, repaired and infused with the vitality and charm of the new era. The external natural landscape belt connecting the ancient city wall and supporting leisure facilities also need to complement the scenery in the city. The research background of this paper is Yantai City of Shandong Province tourist attractions as an example, the use of field research and literature research, to analyze the history of the city, using the method of local conditions to match planting, using the charm of ancient poetry to create scenery, to show the outside world the charm of Yantai, to show the world “ to show the world the ancient city called Suocheng, it covers half of the history of Yantai. Standing at the root of the ancient city wall to enjoy the scenery, as if to appreciate the charm of all kinds of beautiful historical city in the world” The charm of the historic old town.

Co-Design within and between Communities in Cultural Heritage: Current and Open Questions

In this Special Issue, we explore emerging theories, methods, and case studies focusing on co-design activities within and between communities in cultural heritage contexts [...]

Partes Concerts of the 1730s–1740s from the Kyiv Collection: New Assets

Relevance and current status of research. The Kyiv collection of partes music, which is kept in the Institute of Manuscript of V. Ι. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, is the largest in Ukraine. It includes about 700 choral works, and only a few dozen of them have been decoded, edited and published. In 2020, within the Musica sacra Ukraina project the author of this article decoded and prepared for performance three new partes concerts from the Kyiv collection. These are twelve-part anonymous concerts of the 1730 s – 40 s “The troubles of my heart”, “O sing unto the Lord a new song” and “Come, o people”.
 The purpose of the study is to describe the Kyiv partes collection and the current status of its research; to outline the main steps of working with partes manuscripts: deciphering, score compiling and editing; to present deciphered concerts in the context of current research problems of European baroque music, such as the aesthetics of oddity, as well as musical symbolism and rhetoric, which allow us to reveal the inextricable connection between the verbal and musical text of the works.
 Methodological framework. The work is based on proven methodologies of decoding and scientific editing of handwritten musical text, and methods of musical theoretical analysis are also used.
 Results and scientific novelty of the work. Three anonymous twelve-part partes concerts of the 1730 s –1740 s from the Kyiv collection “The troubles of my heart”, “O sing unto the Lord a new song” and “Come, o people” were deciphered, edited and analyzed. A comprehensive approach to studying Ukrainian baroque music is presented. It involves deciphering, editing (preparation for performance) and musicological interpretation of the work. The proposed musicological analysis, which is based on modern approaches to the analysis of baroque music, updates the European context of the Ukrainian baroque heritage

Leptobacillium cavernicola, a newly discovered fungal species isolated from several Paleolithic-decorated caves in France

Several interesting fungal strains were recovered from air and surface samplings in a number of Paleolithic-decorated caves in France during multiple surveys. Multi-locus (ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF-1α) phylogenetic analysis of these strains through maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference coupled with a morphological characterization revealed a new fungal taxa, Leptobacillium cavernicola sp. nov. This new species morphologically and phylogenetically close to Leptobacillium muralicoa, which was also first isolated from a cultural heritage context. The study of this new species led us to reconsider the taxonomic position of strains that have hitherto been identified as Leptobacillium spp., suggesting that several new species could be added to the genus.

Secretaries at Work

The digitisation of cultural heritage collections has made large parts of our digital heritage available online. However, the collections have often been difficult to access in a meaningful way, still requiring item by item handling of digital images of text to decipher manuscripts and printed materials due to e.g. limited OCR (optical character recognition)/HTR (handwritten text recognition) capabilities or insufficient metadata. While these technologies are under rapid development, in some cases they require training data to learn both machine and handwritten texts, and in some cases it just makes more sense to transcribe texts manually. Enter crowdsourcing: a method where a crowd of people is involved to transcribe, describe or otherwise enrich the digital heritage collections with data [1]. However, the labour and cost efficiency of crowdsourcing in a cultural heritage context has been questioned [2] – is the quality of the crowdsourced results worth the investment in launching and running a crowdsourcing project? The Astrid Lindgren Code project [3] explores Swedish author Astrid Lindgren’s original manuscripts in Melin shorthand (stenography). Lindgren’s stenography has for long been considered “undecipherable” [4, 5] and has therefore never been subjected to study, making manual interpretation the only existing possibility of accessing the material as well as providing training data for future research [6]. Nevertheless, crowdsourcing has proven to be unexpectedly successful in producing transliterations of Lindgren’s stenographed notepads. With 170 volunteers signing up for decoding, prolific attempts during the Spring of 2021 have resulted in a full transliteration of the drafts to novel The Brothers Lionheart (1973) in approximately five weeks. This paper presents the method development securing this successful crowdsourcing process, focusing on the importance of joint ownership, planned communication efforts, and community building through online hackathons. The paper also considers how the particularly challenging circumstances of a pandemic year might have contributed to the avid response from a crowd that normally might have lacked the confidence and time to participate. Transliterating stenography is a particular skill, situated in time and associated with the profession of the former secretary. While substantially limiting the recruitable crowd of volunteers, the paper argues that the requiring of expert skill has been central in the success and the methodological development of the project.

Turku cathedral museum: two exhibitions displaying the material heritage of the cathedral

The aim of the study is to consider Turku Cathedral Museum, founded in 1929 and reopened in 1982, from a museographical perspective, and to differentiate its spatial structuring and display types with relation to the ecclesiastical museum exhibitions of its time. The exhibitions are interpreted within the context of material heritage and its temporality. The museological value of each object can be shown to constitute an epistemological basis that links exhibition designers Juhani Rinne and Riitta Pylkkänen, who belong to different scholarly generations. The first exhibition of 1929 consisted of artifacts such as medieval sculptures, liturgical textiles, and vessels, as well as documentary objects such as miniature scale models and drawings that illustrated the church’s architectural construction. Numerous exhibits consisted of finds from the archaeological excavations that were conducted during the 1920s as part of the building’s restoration works. Assisted by a guidebook, visitors were able to make individual guided tours through the exhibition, which was situated in the cathedral’s south gallery and in its chapels. The exhibition closed in 1960, and the artifacts were placed in storage. The museum opened again, after a complete renovation, in 1982, keeping its position in the south gallery. Items were presented primarily within protected display cases, and the exhibition featured a greater number of textiles, silverware, and liturgical objects dating from a period of several centuries. Modern, technical solutions were developed to ensure that objects were maintained in conditions suitable for their preservation. It was decided that the most fragile and delicate textiles would be kept apart within a research collection.

Exploring the professional teacher identity as ethical self-formation of two multilingual native English teachers

The past decades have witnessed an increasing number of studies documenting native English teachers’ (NETs’) challenges in professional development and collaboration with nonnative English teachers’ (NNETs’) across multiple educational contexts. There are also debates in TESOL regarding the essentialized dichotomy of NETs and NNETs with insufficient recognition of the educational and cultural experiences of teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) / English as a second language (ESL). Little research has been conducted on the lived experiences of transnational multilingual NETs who work in heritage contexts; and how they position themselves when they conduct their teacher identity work and negotiate between heritage identity and NET identity. This study, drawing on the notion of ethical self-formation and its application in teacher identity research as a theoretical lens, addresses the gap by investigating the identity construction of two transnational NETs of Chinese ethnicity returning to their home context in Hong Kong to teach. The findings indicate that (1) the participants negotiated their multilingual identity and the monolingual NET identity ascribed in the workplace, (2) they developed counter-strategies to turn the knowledge of the local language and culture into resources in teaching, and (3) they agentively expanded the definition of NET and situated them in the full institutional and social context to consider their identity conflict and self-empowerment. The findings have implications for education policy to accommodate and value the plural-competences of NETs and NNETs.

Plot-based approach for controlled morphological transformation in urban heritage contexts: the case of New Gourna village, Luxor – Egypt

PurposeAs historic cities evolve, change in their urban form can be expected. Yet, uncontrolled change of land plots, which represent a significant element of urban form, leads to uncontrolled change in buildings' configurations and typologies threatening accordingly the urban character of heritage contexts. Mechanisms controlling plot subdivision, however, can play an effective role in guiding developments and in controlling urban change in heritage settings. The present study seeks to assist decision-makers in their attempt to control urban change in heritage areas through a plot-based approach.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is divided into three sections: the first focuses on plot subdivision as a key aspect of urban form; the second illustrates the case of the heritage village of New Gourna in Luxor and the third includes discussion and implications of adopting a plot-based morphological approach to control morphological transformation in heritage contexts. For the morphological analysis of New Gourna, the study relied on comparative cartographic analysis of original drawings of the village versus the situation in 2022. The morphological analysis focuses mainly on qualitative and quantitative aspects of plot configurations and building patterns.FindingsFindings support the urgency of establishing a plot-based strategy to maintain urban character of heritage contexts in Egypt and call for a plot-based morphological approach to control change and inform new development attempts.Originality/valueThe present research provides an assessment of the morphological transformation of the heritage village of New Gourna. In addition, it proposes a plot-based approach for heritage contexts under transformation.

Exploring the spatial structure of Toon historical town courtyard houses: topological characteristics of the courtyard based on a configuration approach

PurposeIn response, this study developed a mathematical and computational method, through spatial configurations with justified plan graph (JPG), drawn from Space Syntax to extract essential information of the spatial topology of 13 valuable traditional courtyard houses located in Toon historical city of Iran.Design/methodology/approachHistorical vernacular housing has always been designed to incorporate and reflect the local lifestyle and cultural conditions. “Courtyard” is a fundamental part of traditional Iranian houses. This traditional building type includes a walled boundary and a complex of open, semi-enclosed and enclosed spaces. This study investigates the traditional houses in Toon historical town. Toon is one of the ancient towns in southeast Iran, including old courtyard houses in its heritage context. The spatial influence of the courtyard contributes to the formation of this famous architectural type.FindingsThe results show the remarkable impact of this space on dominating the plan of traditional Toon houses configuration compared to other spaces in all cases. Furthermore, spatial accessibility has changed over time, and the Safavid period had a higher level of integration and lower level of accessibility (mean i = 7.03) rather than the Qajar period (mean i = 6.34); also, privacy has decreased progressively.Originality/valueThe knowledge of characteristics of this historical architecture needs to be gathered for the preservation and conservation of the built heritage. Hence, the principle behind traditional Iranian courtyards was investigated to recognize the difference between the spatial influence of the courtyard and other spaces and the changes in the courtyard over time.

How does nature heal tourists in the context of COVID-19? The perspective of the emotional mechanism

Nature has healing powers that provide physical and mental benefits to tourists and reduce their anxiety related to COVID-19. However, few empirical studies have examined the emotional mechanism that induces tourists to feel satisfied with, rather than anxious about, their lives. We explain the underlying impact mechanism that connects nature and subjective well-being in a natural heritage context by analyzing data collected from a sample of 534 tourists in Wulingyuan (south-central China). Our study revealed interesting and meaningful findings: (a) nature has healing powers that directly and indirectly (via awe and place attachment) influence tourists' subjective well-being; (b) tourists with a relatively low level of positive emotions who become attached to a destination, subsequently experience a greater degree of healing; and (c) there are significant gender differences concerning the healing powers of nature among tourists. These findings contribute to well-being research by highlighting the underlying emotional mechanism whereby nature influences tourists' subjective well-being. The paper also demonstrates the moderating effects of positive emotions and gender in the proposed model, which offers valuable practical insights for governments in tourist destinations.

Virtual Reality Locomotion in Place for Virtual Museum Exhibitions of Culture Heritage: Comparing Joystick Controller, Point & Teleport and Arm Swinging

Locomotion methods are user interaction approaches that assist users in navigating the virtual environment when using virtual reality display device of HMDs (head-mounted displays). Most previous studies have been focused on the locomotion techniques with joystick and teleport in general and gaming context. However, there are lack study of locomotion techniques in virtual museum for context of culture heritage. In this study, this paper presents a comparative evaluation with sixty participants of the three locomotions: Joystick Controller, Point & Teleport and Arm Swinging to measure sickness, presence and flow state. In order to evaluate, this paper developed the virtual museum of Himmapan animals (https://angkaew.com/Hinmapan_vr/) which consisted of digital paint art, digitization objects, animation and digitization books. The results showed that Point & teleport less sickness of nausea than other techniques and Point & teleport also highest in perceived enjoyment than other techniques. However, we found no significant difference in presence. Finally, this paper suggested implementing Point & Teleport locomotion techniques in the application of virtual museums

Diversity of Parengyodontium spp. strains isolated from the cultural heritage environment: Phylogenetic diversity, phenotypical diversity, and occurrence

ABSTRACT Parengyodontium album is a fungal species that frequently occurs in the cultural heritage environment. Although three subclades were initially described in the species, no study has sought to determine the occurrence of each subclade in the cultural heritage context. These subclades are easily distinguishable phylogenetically, but their morphological identification is more difficult. Eighteen strains isolated from different cultural sites and initially identified as P. album were studied phylogenetically, morphologically, and in terms of their susceptibility to econazole nitrate 0.2%, an antifungal product used as preservation treatment in cultural heritage domain. The phylogenetic study revealed that all studied strains belonged to P. album subclade 1 or P. torokii (P. album subclade 3) and none belonged to P. album subclade 2. The morphological study revealed the best characteristics to differentiate the three subclades/species, namely, the ability of the strains to grow at 32 C and 35 C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and the shape of conidia. Finally, the strains displayed variable susceptibilities to econazole nitrate, with no apparent link to any particular subclade/species.

Understanding the application of handwritten text recognition technology in heritage contexts: a systematic review of Transkribus in published research

Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) technology is now a mature machine learning tool, becoming integrated in the digitisation processes of libraries and archives, speeding up the transcription of primary sources and facilitating full text searching and analysis of historic texts at scale. However, research into how HTR is changing our information environment is scant. This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding how researchers are using one particular HTR platform, Transkribus, to indicate the domains where HTR is applied, the approach taken, and how the technology is understood. 381 papers from 2015 to 2020 were gathered from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, then grouped and coded into categories using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Published research that mentions Transkribus is international and rapidly growing. Transkribus features primarily in archival and library science publications, while a long tail of broad and eclectic disciplines, including history, computer science, citizen science, law and education, demonstrate the wider applicability of the tool. The most common paper categories were humanities applications (67%), technological (25%), users (5%) and tutorials (3%). This paper presents the first overarching review of HTR as featured in published research, while also elucidating how HTR is affecting the information environment.