Heritage Community Research Articles

Traditional Thai Community Conservation Focusing on Sustainable Participatory Process: A Case Study of Talaad Lang Community, Chumphon Province, Thailand

We had investigated community conservation in actual practice and learnt that a sustainable and efficient approach to old community protection was a participatory conservation approach with cooperation from all stakeholders. This qualitative research aimed to express conservation principles for traditional communities and their implementation to the target community and to construct a guideline for sustainable community conservation in Thailand. We focused on a ‘Talaad-Lang Community' group of buildings on Wanit Bamrung Road, Sawi District, Chumphon Province, and its surrounding area with around 100 years of history. In 2012-2014, we collected its historical, architectural, and socio-economic data from secondary sources, measurements, focus groups, exchange meetings, questionnaires, and interviews and followed up until 2020. The results of this study indicate how the community was able to implement its preservation practices that were both effective and sustainable. We arranged five main participatory processes: value identification, documentation, assessment, development, and implementation of sub-processes, such as arranging informational meeting, collecting data, setting up a coordinating group as well as creating a community image and tourism business. In conclusion, the participatory conservation approach was a significant and efficient method for old community conservation being to create community awareness, to support locally driven conservation efforts, and to help sustain the heritage community.

The People’s Centenary? Public History, Remembering and Forgetting in Britain’s First World War Centenary

Between 2014 and 2019, Great Britain and Northern Ireland undertook the largest public history project ever seen there. To mark the centenary of the First World War (1914–18) thousands of public arts projects, community histories, and acts of commemoration and remembrance took place across the country. This article explores a range of public arts projects, commemorative events, and community heritage projects to see what these widespread and diverse public histories can tell us about the cultural memory of the First World War in early twenty-first century Britain.

ARCHIVING TRADITIONAL HOUSES THROUGH DIGITAL SOCIAL MAPPING: AN INNOVATION APPROACH FOR LIVING HERITAGE CONSERVATION IN JAVA

Indonesia has various types of traditional houses, one of which is the most unique architectural work that is the Joglo Pencu (JP) house. It also has a meaning by reason of a symbol which defines as the development of culture and identity. The role of community in the conservation of cultural heritage buildings is very important. However, due to the pressure of urbanization, many heritage buildings transitioned into modern houses. The study area is the historic area of Kudus city, which previously had a significant influence on Islamic architecture due to its residential model. This study aims to provide a social mapping using GIS and primary survey involves community participation of living heritage. As a result, IT becomes the bridge between conservation needs and management patterns of structured organizations that connects all stakeholders. By innovation of digital social mapping, it will be a bridge for the participation of living heritage community with a more transparent and accountable conservation management. In this case, it is shown that Kudus has experienced cultural shifting and transition in traditional houses. The architectural design of the houses that was initially in JP has begun to disappear. The role of the community in social mapping is very decisive in providing data accuracy. Lacking in preservation and maintenance are the main factors, especially the minimum effort from local government. Therefore, active cooperation between cultural communities, communities, and the government is needed to be able to keep the existence of JP intact as a historical heritage building.

Conceptualisation of heritage diplomacy in scholarship

ABSTRACT Heritage diplomacy is a recent concept and a new area of interest in the expanding scope of diplomacy. The concept is explored with various epistemological foci and theoretical frameworks in Western scholarship. It is often used to describe joint international projects or government initiatives abroad for preserving tangible cultural heritage. Several recent studies link heritage diplomacy to attempts to develop reciprocal relations between countries, regions, and/or communities through cultural heritage based on dialogue. This article contributes to interdisciplinary scholarship on heritage diplomacy by clarifying the concept, including its inherent notions of cultural heritage and approaches to power. Our critical close reading of 57 sampled scholarly publications reveals how heritage diplomacy is commonly approached from a conservationist point of view, emphasising the preservation of tangible cultural heritage through knowledge exchange, material aid, and funding. Scholarship lacks studies focusing on the uses of intangible cultural heritage for heritage diplomacy. The study reveals heritage diplomacy scholars’ shared interest in power asymmetry and struggle: the concept can be used to recognise and deconstruct power hierarchies between heritage communities. We do this by understanding cultural heritage as a contact zone of people-to-people connectivity, reciprocal cooperation, mutual trust, and dialogue.

Lithuanian Sign Language Poetry: Location as Mean of Expression of Metaphors

In order to solve issues in sign language linguistics, address matters pertaining to maintaining high quality of sign language (SL) translation, contribute to dispelling misconceptions about SL and deaf people, and raise awareness and understand of the deaf community heritage, this article, for the first time in a Lithuanian scientific journal, discusses authentic poetry in Lithuanian Sign Language (LSL) and inherent metaphors that are created by using the phonological parameter – location. The study covered in this article is twofold, involving both the micro-level analysis of metaphors in terms of location as a sub-lexical feature and the macro-level analysis of the poetic context. Cognitive theories underlie research of metaphors in sign language poetry in a range of sign languages. The study follows this practice. In view of the abovementioned reasons, this piece of research is new and relevant to Lithuania. The article covers qualitative analysis of 10 pieces of LSL poetry. The analysis employs ELAN software widely used in sign language research. The target is to examine how specific types of location are used for the creation of metaphors in LSL poetry and what metaphors are created. The results of the study show that LSL poetry employs a range of locations resulting in a host of metaphors created by using classifier signs and by modifying the location of the established signs. The study also reveals that LSL poetry mostly tends to create reference metaphors indicating status and power. As the study shows, LSL poets metaphorically encode status by encoding another meaning in the same sign, which results in creating double metaphors. The metaphor of identity has been determined to consist of chest signing. Notably, the poetic context has revealed that the latter metaphor can also be identified as a metaphor of life. The study goes on to note that deaf poets create metaphors related to the importance of various phenomena, significance of the lyrical subject. Notably, the study has allowed detecting locations never mentioned in previous SL research as used for the creation of metaphors. For instance, previous SL research fails to cover temporal metaphors expressed by signing in central and peripheral areas and attitudinal metaphors represented by signing near the eye. The study has also detected a sign that can be identified as a metaphor of death and that is absent in previous SL research.

Status of bee keeping in Himachal Pradesh, India: A review

Beekeeping in Himachal Pradesh is very primitive. Indigenous beekeeping with Apis cerana is an integral part of the social and cultural heritage of rural and tribal communities. Comparative morphological studies have revealed that Himachali bees are smaller than Kashmiri bees. Beekeeping with Apis mellifera is migratory and it helps in increasing the honey production through exploitation of different bee flora thereby providing opportunity for overcoming unfavorable climatic conditions as well as attack of local bee enemies. Comparative studies have revealed that A. mellifera bees were very prone to stinging and were easily distributed as compared to A. cerana which were less excitable and could be safely handled. Major bee enemies of the state include Thai sac brood, Nosema, Europeon Foul Brood, ectoparasitic mites, Wasps, birds and bear. Plectranthus is one of the major honey flow flora for the winter months in Himachal Pradesh.

Preliminary Considerations on the Development of a Bicultural Trilingual Education Model for Deaf Children in the Tunisian Context

Deaf educational methods have been the subject of controversy among advocates of the oralist and the bilingual approaches for centuries. Over the past decades, the bilingual-bicultural method has proved its effectiveness in facilitating formal school learning and downscaling a higher rate of illiteracy compared to the hearing population. The bilingual-bicultural model in Western countries is designed and implemented in predominantly monolingual contexts or multilingual contexts with a dominant majority language. It aims at providing deaf learners with a simultaneous dual access to the deaf and hearing cultures through sign language and the written form of the majority spoken language. The objective of this dual access is to create a balanced form of bilingualism which will reinforce literacy development. In the Western context, the relative proximity of the written and spoken forms of the majority language allows the written form to function as a means of access to the socio-cultural heritage of the hearing community and to develop a sufficient degree of autonomy in a world where literacy became crucial. The application of the Western bilingual-bicultural model may at first glance seem tempting to mitigate a significant rate of illiteracy affecting 98% of the deaf Tunisian population. However, the diglossic situation in Tunisia, and in the Maghreb countries in general, rests upon the existence of two linguistic forms exhibiting considerable linguistic differences. On one hand, the Tunisian Dialectal Arabic (TDA) is the spoken form, and is the vehicle for the Tunisian socio-cultural heritage transmission. On the other hand, the written form, Modern Standard Arabic (AMS), assumes the role of institutional and literacy language. This particular situation requires a specific educational framework different from the classical bilingual-bicultural approach. We hypothesize that without taking into account Tunisian Dialectal Arabic, learners will not access the Tunisian hearing culture. This situation will potentially hinder literacy development in Modern Standard Arabic. Our article puts forward a trilingual-bicultural educational model adapted to the Tunisian diglossic situation. It includes TSL, and written ADT, as representatives of the deaf and hearing cultures which will both contribute to a more fluid development in a third language, written MSA, as the literacy language.

Making Up for the Past

AbstractIn 2015, the Oregon Archaeological Society (OAS) presented statements to Oregon tribes and the Oregon Legislative Commission on Indian Services acknowledging the troubling history of OAS collecting activities and steps taken to transform the OAS, and sought guidance to address continuing tribal concerns. Tribes encouraged both the return of collections and increased public outreach efforts. Their guidance fueled increased effort by the Collection Recovery Committee (OASCRC), which has facilitated the return of five collections to tribal museums and university curation facilities and coordinated digital preservation of documents. The OAS may be the only avocational society in the United States actively engaged in such efforts, accomplished by a small group of volunteers. Case studies of collections, considerations involved in disposition, and the potential for repatriation and research are highlighted. The OAS seeks to halt dispersal and commodification of cultural objects and encourage academic research. Quick action can assure that the original collectors or descendants provide key site and location information. Educational opportunities can be rendered to the heritage community, and we are uniquely positioned to contribute to that service.

PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PEMBUKAAN LAHAN TANPA PEMBAKARAN (PLTB) DI KELURAHAN SAGATANI KECAMATAN SINGKAWANG SELATAN

People's perceptions of land clearing by burning are still diverse, there are pros and cons about it. As we all know, the land clearing system by slashing and burning is a heritage and culture of farming communities in almost all parts of Indonesia, one of them is the people of the island of Kalimantan. Several solutions have been proposed by the government, including land clearing without burning (PLTB). This program aims to change the behavior of Indonesian farmers who still do land clearing by burning to switch to more environmentally friendly land clearing methods, including converting slashes into compost and wood vinegar. However, until now several programs launched by the government in order to minimize the forest and land fires have not been successful. Increasing the production of hybrid corn commodities is one of the targets for increasing agricultural productivity in West Kalimantan, especially in Singkawang in meeting the demand for hybrid corn which is currently supplied from outside the city. The increase in production cannot be separated from the need for expansion of hybrid corn farming land, which currently the number and focus of increasing hybrid corn farming businesses are in Sagatani Village, South Singkawang District. Problems arise when in their business, hybrid corn farmers in Sagatani Village still use conventional methods in cleaning and clearing land, namely by burning.

Book Heritage in Monasteries: The State of Monastic Libraries in Switzerland

Today, there are 65 active monasteries in Switzerland that were founded before 1800. They include women’s and men’s convents of 13 different orders of the Roman Catholic Church. These monasteries preserve a significant part of the written cultural heritage (manuscripts and prints) in Switzerland. Almost all monasteries are facing great challenges because of today’s major social and structural changes, which also have an impact on the book heritage of religious communities. The project Handbook of Monastic Libraries in Switzerland intends to create a survey of the current state of Swiss monastic libraries. The articles of this handbook describe the scope, content, condition and challenges of all monastic libraries. Well-known abbeys such as Einsiedeln, Engelberg or Saint Maurice as well as a large number of smaller women’s monasteries with less renowned book collections will be covered. The handbook aims at raising awareness for the preservation of monastic book heritage among politicians and the public.The paper will present first results from the work on the Handbook of Monastic Libraries in Switzerland and provide insight into actual conservation issues and research opportunities in Swiss monastic libraries.

Spaces of Collective Memory in Contemporary Russian Women’s Historical Fiction

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the connection between collective memory and fictional spatiality in three novels by contemporary Russian female authors: Ljudmila Ulickaja’s Zelënyj šatër, Elena Čižova’s Vremja ženščin, and Guzel′ Jachina’s Zulejcha otkryvaet glaza. These fictionalized versions of the Soviet past aim at overturning the idea of a unitary historical narrative, instead offering multiple ways of looking at the past, often from a female perspective that highlights the role of women in taking on responsibility for the maintaining of history and culture. Moreover, the novels represent an alternative cultural consciousness as a microhistorical fictional space, loaded with cultural and literary-historical meanings. Zelënyj šatër focuses on the literary geography of Moscow as an alternative to the everyday Brežnev-era reality; the alternative city is the locus for the transmission of an earlier cultural heritage in Moscow dissident communities. Vremja ženščin represents the transmission of an Orthodox worldview in post-war Leningrad in a female community and reflects on the cultural mythology associated with St. Petersburg/Leningrad. Zulejcha otkryvaet glaza focuses on a multicultural Soviet labor settlement in the Siberian forest, which echoes both old Tatar myths and the Central-European cultural heritage of the White Leningrad intelligentsia. In exploring alternative ways of looking at historical narratives and constructing possible fictional spaces, these novels aim at making sense of recent history from the perspective of the twenty-first century.

ШВЕДСЬКА СПІЛЬНОТА У НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ НАРАТИВІ: СПІЛЬНА СПАДЩИНА ТА КУЛЬТУРНА ПАМ’ЯТЬ

The article is devoted to the problem of actualizing the role of historical heritage and cultural memory of the Swedish community of Kherson region in the national narrative of Ukraine. The study is based on the analysis of modern Swedish English and Ukrainian historiography, application of interdisciplinary discourse and methodological approaches to colonial studies, micro-history, cultural memory and identity studies. It aimed to clarify the factors determining sociocultural processes of adaptation and preservation of Swedish colonists’ identity during the long period of their settlement in the south of Ukraine and later reintegration into Swedish society. As a result of scientific analysis, the cornerstones of the historical past of the Swedish colonists are reproduced. The cultural heritage and identity of the Swedes after migrating to the Russian Empire underwent significant changes and evolution in a specific natural and social environment. Changes in political regimes and historical events in the late XVIII–XX centuries. had a direct impact on the processes of self-identification of Swedish colonists. At the same time, the ability of Old Swedes to maintain contact with their homeland helped to preserve their identity, cultural and mental characteristics, which enabled them to return to their homeland and reintegrate into Swedish society. The article presents forms of preservation and presentation of the cultural memory of the Swedish community in modern public discourse. One of the important channels of modern cultural communication and popularization of the historical heritage of the Swedish community is its presentation in museum expositions and places of remembrance in Ukraine and Sweden. The European dimension gives special relevance to the research topic. The image of the village and the preservation of the identity of the Swedish community have been significantly influenced by its constant contacts with Sweden and the Swedes of Finland in the past and present. Visit of the King of Sweden Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Sylvia of village Zmiivka in Ukraine in 2008 and the meeting with the descendants of the Old Swedes became the object of great attention of the wide public discourse in Ukraine and Sweden. It contributes to the strengthening and development of intercultural contacts and relations. My visit Roma in Gotland, Sweden in the framework of the European educational program in autumn of 2021, personal acquaintance with the museum exposition of Svenskbygården about the fate of Swedish colonists in Ukraine, direct communication with their descendants, contributed to the the research. Therefore, the article has a direct entry into the plane of public history.

Dincolo de un fenomen social: ia și valorificarea unui tipar identitar

The paper aims to explain the concept of “identity” by drawing the intricate cultural and political history of an important piece of the Romanian peasant attire. Involved and instrumentalized within various political and cultural identity programs, traditional clothing was exhibited by ethnographers, anthropologists, cultural activists for a long time as an identity landmark meant to display racial differences, national stereotypes, and social hierarchies. The Romanian peasant attire was thus transformed from a community internal practical and symbolical object to an ethnic and then national identity tool. More recently, the national project of inscribing the traditional Romanian female blouse with embroidery on the shoulder on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage is an opportunity for various stakeholders and promoters to reuse and commodify this clothing piece within their own cultural and commercial programs and to redefine and redesign the concept of “heritage community”.

Introduction: Heritage and Diversity in Local Communities under Demographic Decline

Introduction: Heritage and Diversity in Local Communities under Demographic Decline

Cultural Heritage and Cultural Potential: The Use of Cultural Heritage on the Example of an Ethnographic Group

The formation and use of the cultural heritage and identity of local communities is a result of historical development and current opportunities and needs. Cultural heritage becomes a part of the cultural potential as a system. In Čajkov, the most representative village of the Slovak Chilejkar people, there is a system of using the established concept of local cultural heritage through cultural events (several of which are closely connected in terms of organisation and visitors) implemented by local human resources structured into local organisations and institutions, which are relatively diverse but have an internal logic. Some events have an old tradition; others originated and became “traditional” only a few years ago. The outlined system existing in a municipality with less than 1000 inhabitants reflects the degree of functioning of the local community. It is conditioned by cohesion, hierarchy, the self-confidence of members and appropriate economic conditions. For seniors, besides routine and tradition, the essential activating element is the social dimension – being socially active means meeting others, spending time with peers and eliminating loneliness. It is also an important identity creator in the socialisation, education and especially the upbringing of children and youth.

Proposals and Future Perspectives: Heritage and Diversity in Local Communities under Demographic Decline

Proposals and Future Perspectives: Heritage and Diversity in Local Communities under Demographic Decline

Folklore version of plot 1696 in Chinese and Ukrainian folk household tale

The article considers the comparative study of Chinese and Ukrainian folk fairy tales with plot 1696 = АА1696А (ATU 1696). Novelty and innovative of the research differ in the absence of investigation of plot about fools in Chinese and Ukrainian Household tales in Contemporary Folklore Studies. The text of Chinese Household tale “Foolish husband” and Ukrainian Household tales from the collection from the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century with this plot were used to investigate. Chinese and Ukrainian Household tales began to print and began to investigate much later than fairy tales and animal fables. Among Household tales stand out a particular group of text with characters who are extraordinary fools. They commit most inconsequent and awkward things. Household tales about fools are international phenomenon. It must be stressed in the texts of Chinese and Ukrainian Household tales under study the fool has a number of unusual adventures. It is of importance to note a fool of Household tale sees the world differently. He has his own “logic”, the actions of this fool demonstrate a mismatch of cognitions. Lack of knowledge, rules and customs of society, illogical and inconsistent actions of Household tale`s fool led to the fact that he is beaten by other characters. Analysis of the plot episodes of these tales shows that each episode can be a separate anecdote. In the studied texts they “slip” one by one in “logical” order and lead to the necessary by the nature of this genre finale. Folk fairy tales are of scientific value for comparative research, provide rich empirical materials, shows the large degree of similarity in the folklore heritage of different communities. This open up new perspectives for comparative investigations.&nbsp

Panel Discussion: Heritage and Diversity in Local Communities under Demographic Decline

Panel Discussion: Heritage and Diversity in Local Communities under Demographic Decline

The Role of the Nunatsiavut Heritage Forum in the Development of Community Archaeology

The Nunatsiavut Heritage Forum, held annually since 2010 and overseen by the Nunatsiavut Government Archaeology Office, brings together people involved in heritage work from all five constituent Inuit Communities as well as interested public to discuss issues of concern and set goals to address them. It has rapidly become the primary venue for public engagement on heritage matters as well as the planning and practice of archaeology in the territory. The forum is held in a different community each year, providing an opportunity to celebrate the unique history of each hamlet and prioritize their specific needs. Archaeology, the request for specific local projects, and how they are undertaken, have been discussed at each forum to date. In 2015, a SSHRC-supported partnership grant between the Nunatsiavut Government and Memorial University called Tradition and Transition Among the Labrador Inuit was created to address community heritage concerns and interests raised through the forum by partnering archaeologists and other heritage specialists with communities to help Nunatsiavut meet these goals. Today, as the partnership draws to a close, we reflect back on what has been accomplished, what has been learned, and how we might move forward together.

Co-evolutionary heritage reuse: a European multiple case study perspective

ABSTRACT Reusing heritage sites is no longer only a practice of maintaining the historic, built values of a heritage object, but increasingly also a practice of linking heritage buildings to other aims such as involving local (heritage) communities or integrating heritage in its urban context. However, working closely with local heritage communities and incorporating multiple aims and stakeholders – each with their own interests and understanding of heritage – makes projects of heritage reuse highly complex. To address and understand this complexity, various scholars argue for a co-evolutionary perspective that sees heritage as a manifestation of interrelated and interdependent processes. This paper translates the concept of co-evolution into a conceptual model for analysing practices of heritage reuse. We apply this model in sixteen selected European projects of heritage reuse, to analyse how and why co-evolution manifests itself in projects of heritage reuse. This analysis demonstrates that the actions of initiators and other actors in the heritage reuse projects, as well as the social/institutional system in which they operate, are conducive to whether or not a co-evolutionary heritage approach is enacted.