Heritability Estimates For Height Research Articles

Estimation of Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Growth Traits in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus kesiya in Malawi

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and volume were estimated for Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon clonal seed orchard in Malawi using an ASReml program, fitting an individual tree model. The data were from 88 clones assessed at 18, 23, 30, 35, and 40 years of age. Heritability estimates for height, dbh, and volume were moderate to high ranging from 0.19 to 0.54, from 0.14 to 0.53, and from 0.20 to 0.59, respectively, suggesting a strong genetic control of the traits at the individual level, among families, and within families. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between the growth traits were significantly high and ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 and from 0.60 to 0.95, respectively. This suggests the possibility of indirect selection in trait with direct selection in another trait. The predicted genetic gains showed that the optimal rotational age of the Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard is 30 years; therefore, it is recommended to establish a new Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard. However, selective harvest of clones with high breeding values in the old seed orchard should be considered so that the best parents in the old orchard can continue to contribute until the new orchard is well established.

KARAKTERISTIK PERTUMBUHAN JABON DARI PROVENAN SUMBAWA PADA TINGKAT SEMAI DAN SETELAH PENANAMAN

Growth is one of important and economic traits of jabon. Growth is not only determined by environment but also genetic factor. Seedling quality and suitable site would create well growing plants. This research is purposed to know growth characteristic of jabon from Sumbawa provenances in nursery and after plantation as well as the effect of genetic factor on growth characteristic of jabon. Research design used in nursery is Completely Randomized Design with 24 mother trees and 3 replications. Each replication comprises 10 seedlings. Totally, there are 720 seedlings. Experimental design used in progeny test plot of jabon is Randomized Complete Block Design. Breeding strategy used in this plot was subline system with single treeplot. Number of families used are 28 families. Each family comprises 20 blocks that were also functioned as replication. The results showed that there were significant differences in terms of height and diameter among the tested families at all observation ages. Family heritability estimates for height were high at at all observation ages. Family heritability estimates for diameter were high at nursery and moderate after plantation.

Heritability Estimates of Body Size in Fetal Life and Early Childhood

BackgroundThe objective was to estimate the heritability for height and weight during fetal life and early childhood in two independent studies, one including parent and singleton offsprings and one of mono- and dizygotic twins.MethodsThis study was embedded in the Generation R Study (n = 3407, singletons) and the Netherlands Twin Register (n = 33694, twins). For the heritability estimates in Generation R, regression models as proposed by Galton were used. In the Twin Register we used genetic structural equation modelling. Parental height and weight were measured and fetal growth characteristics (femur length and estimated fetal weight) were measured by ultrasounds in 2nd and 3rd trimester (Generation R only). Height and weight were assessed at multiple time-points from birth to 36 months in both studies.ResultsHeritability estimates for length increased from 2nd to 3rd trimester from 13% to 28%. At birth, heritability estimates for length in singletons and twins were both 26% and 27%, respectively, and at 36 months, the estimates for height were 63% and 72%, respectively. Heritability estimates for fetal weight increased from 2nd to 3rd trimester from 17% to 27%. For birth weight, heritability estimates were 26% in singletons and 29% in twins. At 36 months, the estimate for twins was 71% and higher than for singletons (42%).ConclusionsHeritability estimates for height and weight increase from second trimester to infancy. This increase in heritability is observed in singletons and twins. Longer follow-up studies are needed to examine how the heritability develops in later childhood and puberty.

Taksiran parameter genetik untuk pertumbuhan dan kelurusan batang uji keturunan Araucaria cunninghamii umur 5 tahun

An open-pollinated progeny test of Araucaria cunninghamii was established in Bodowoso, East Java.The seeds were collected from 28 parent trees in 3 provenances in papua. The progeny test was arranged according to randomized Complete Block Design consisting of 28 families, 8 replications, 4 lines tree plot and spacing at 4 m x 3 m. At five years of age differences between provenances or families within provenance was significant for height, diameter and stem straightness. Heritability estimates for height, diameter and stem straightness were all moderate: (h 2 f – 0.44, h 2 i =0.11) for height, h 2 f – 0,36 h 2 i =0.12) for straightness). The genetic corrwelations between traits were strong and positive: 0.62 for height and diameter, 0.73 for diameter and straightness (rg=0.73) and height and straightness. The genetic gains from family selection with selection intensity of 70 % for height, diameter and stem straightness were 7.8 %, 2.5 %, and 9.7 % respectively, While those from individual selection with selection intensity of 10 % for height, diameter and stem straightness were 10.7 %, 4.6 % and 15.3 % respectively.

KERAGAMAN GENETIK UJI PROVENAS DAN UJI KETURUNAN araucaria cunninghamii PADA UMUR 18 BULAN DI BONDOWOSO, JAWA TIMUR

A Progeny test of Araucaria cunninghamii seedling seed orchard was established comprising of eighty open–pollinated families collected from six seed source (Fak-fak, Sorong, Serui, Wamena, Manokwari and Queensland). The trial was designed as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) which comprised 80 seedlots, 4 tree- line plots with 4 replicates. At 18 months of age there were significant differences among seed sources for tree height and stem diameter. The survival rate of all seed sources was high (96.7 – 100%). Differences between families within seed source were significant both for height and diameter growth. Heritability estimates for height were moderate (h 2 f = 0.42, h 2 i = 0.19) and also for diameter (h 2 f = 0.57, h 2 i = 0.30). Genetic correlation between height and diameter was string (r g = 0.80).

Heritability Estimates of Height and Weight in Mahishya Caste Population

Intrafamilial relationship and heritability estimates of height and weight were estimated from data on 138 families of Mahishya caste, an agricultural popu- lation of Chakpota village in Howrah District, West Bengal. Multiple regression and partial correlation were used to adjust the age and sex influence on height and weight. Intrafamilial correlation suggests greater resem- blance of height and weight between father-son and mother-daughter than between other parent-child rela- tionships. Among sibs greater and significant sister-sis- ter and brother-brother correlation was observed possi- bly suggesting sex influence for height. Heritability esti- mates were higher for stature (0.62) than for weight (0.54).

Heritability Estimates of Height and Weight in Mahishya Caste Population

Heritability Estimates of Height and Weight in Mahishya Caste Population

Genetic control of growth and form in early-age tests of Casuarina equisetifolia in Andhra Pradesh, India

Early results from three test plantings of Casuarina equisetifolia spp. equisetifolia are reported: a clonal test of 40 locally selected clones, a progeny test of 16 wind-pollinated families of local origin, and a family-in-provenance test of 100 wind-pollinated families which is part of an international provenance trial. All tests were planted in 1996 at the Regional Forest Research Centre, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India. Height, stem straightness and axis persistence were measured in the family tests at 6 and 12 months of age. The height of the clonal test was measured at 12 months of age. Heritability estimates obtained were ca. 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 for height, stem straightness and axis persistence, respectively. Heritability estimates for height were reasonably consistent across the three tests; however, estimates for stem straightness and axis persistence were generally higher in the small test of locally selected families. Height and the other two traits are most probably either weakly correlated or uncorrelated, while stem straightness and axis persistence are positively correlated. Provenances spread across the range of natural- and land-race populations tested demonstrated good growth potential at Rajahmundry. However, natural provenances from Malaysia and Thailand generally showed superior growth, while the land-race populations often demonstrated superior stem straightness. Based on these results some aspects of a breeding strategy are outlined: (a) the establishment of three unrelated sublines; (b) an initial clonal test of all parents; and (c) wind-pollinated mating within clonal breeding orchards.

Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations for height and diameter in coastal Douglas-fir

Factorial crosses of 22 seed trees and 4 pollen parents from a breeding population of 445 coastal Douglas-firs were tested at two sites. Analyses of heights and diameters after the sixth growing season indicated only the significance of additive genetic variance. The single tree heritability estimates for height and diameter were 0.10 ± 0.07 and 0.12 ± 0.08, respectively. The genetic correlation between height and diameter was 0.81 ± 0.64.

Heritability Estimates for Height, Color, Erectness, Leafiness, and Vigor in Indiangrass1

The purpose of this study was to determine heritability estimates for plant height, leaf color, erectness, leafiness, and vigor and the correlation of these traits with one another and with forage yield, forage in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and forage crude protein content for two indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] populations taken from the cultivars ‘Holt’ and ‘Oto’ both of which have broad genetic bases. Narrow sense heritability estimates were obtained by using parent‐progeny regression and by using variance components from the analyses of variance of half‐sib families. Broad sense heritability estimates were obtained using variance components from the analyses of variance of replicated parental clones. Narrow sense heritability estimates averaged over all methods and both populations were 0.75, 0.59, 0.48, 0.36, and 0.50 for plant height, leaf color, erectness, leafiness, and vigor, respectively. Simple correlations of plant height, leafiness, and vigor with forage yield range from 0.24 to 0.58, and all were significant at the 0.01 level. Correlations of color and erectness with yield were very low or nonsignificant. Absolute values of correlation coefficients of IVDMD and protein content with the five traits evaluated were in general very low. These results indicate that vigor or leafiness scores or plant height may be useful in selecting for yield in indiangrass, but leaf color or erectness would have littlevalue in selecting for yield. None of the five traits would be very useful in selecting for IVDMD or protein.