Hericium Coralloides Research Articles

Effects of Comb Tooth Cap Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium ramosum (Higher Basidiomycetes) Mycelia on DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Nerve Growth Factor Synthesis.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of and nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis caused by Hericium ramosum mycelia. Wild mushroom fruiting bodies were collected from nature to isolate their mycelia. Pieces of H. ramosum fruiting bodies were plated onto 90-mm Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar medium to isolate their mycelia. Antioxidant activity was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity in vitro; the ethanol extract from H. ramosum mycelia (63.11 µmol Trolox/g) was more potent than that of other mushroom mycelia extracts. There was a proportional relationship (R2 = 0.7929) between DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content in extracts of different mushroom mycelia. We investigated the ability of H. ramosum mycelia to inducing NGF synthesis in vivo. Oral administration of H. ramosum mycelia significantly increased concentrations of NGF in the hippocampus of intact mice. These results are the first concerning antioxidant activity and NGF synthesis of H. ramosum mycelia. These mushroom mycelia could be useful as food and/or nutritional supplements because of certain biological functions.

Application of 3-D surface reconstruction by mid- and near-infrared microscopic imaging for anatomical studies on Hericium coralloides basidiomata

Tens of thousands of known mushrooms (incl. mycelia) represent, besides their nutritional and economic value, a huge reservoir of biologically active substances.

New location of fungus species registered in the red data book of the Tver region

Rare fungus species: Hericium coralloides, Cortinarius violanas, and Leccanium percandidu were detected for the first time in the Zubtsov area of the Tver region. We note that, in the search for rare species of fungus, attention should be paid to the type of biocenosis.

Trace metal levels in edible wild fungi

Metal levels (cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc) of seventeen different edible wild fungi species (Agaricus campestris, Calocybe gambosa, Coprinus comatus, Hericium coralloides, Hydnum repandum, H. repandum var. rufescens, Lactarius deliciosus, L. salminocolor, Macrolepiota procera, Pleurotus ostreatus, P. ostreatus var. columbinus, Ramaria aurea, R. stricta, Rhizopogon luteolus, Sparassis crispa, Suillus bovinus, Tricholoma terreum) growing in Bolu-Turkey were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrocopy. The obtained data were analyzed with “statistical package for the social sciences” statistics program. In addition, relation between metal concentrations in both soil and fungi samples were investigated. The highest metal concentrations in Bolu District, Turkey were measured in A. campestris (cadmium 0.270, chromium 2.735 and zinc 7.683), C. comatus (iron 160.12), M. procera (copper 15.990, cobalt 0.352 and nickel 3.645), R. luteolus (Pb 4.756) mg/kg dw (dry weight). As a result of the measurements, it was observed that metal uptake is related with the species of fungi and is also affected by pH and organic contents of the soil.

Purification and characterization of a novel laccase from the edible mushroom Hericium coralloides

A novel laccase from the edible mushroom Hericium coralloides was purified by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose, carboxymethyl (CM) cellulose, and Q-Sepharose columns followed by fast protein liquid chromatography gel filtration on a Superdex 75 column. Analysis by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE indicated that the protein is a monomer in solution with a molecular mass of 65 kDa. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence was AVGDDTPQLY, which exhibits partial sequence homology to previously isolated laccases. Optimum activity was observed at pH 2.2 and at 40°C. The enzyme showed activity toward a variety of substrates, the most sensitive of which was 2,2'-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazolone-6-sulfonic acid] diammonium salt (ABTS). The degradation activity toward substrates was ABTS > N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine > catechol > 2-methylcatechol > pyrogallol. The laccase did not exert any antiproliferative activity against Hep G2 or MCF 7 tumor cell lines at a concentration of 60 μM, unlike some previously reported mushroom proteins, but showed significant activity toward human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase with an IC(50) of 0.06 μM.

Morphological and tissue characterization of the medicinal fungus Hericium coralloides by a structural and molecular imaging platform

In this study the potential of new imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) profiling mass spectrometry ("MALDI Profiling") and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging was evaluated to study morphological and molecular patterns of the potential medicinal fungus Hericium coralloides. For interpretation, the MALDI profiling, FTIR imaging and MRI results were correlated with histological information gained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM). Additionally we tested several evaluation processes and optimized the methodology for use of complex FTIR images to monitor molecular patterns. It is demonstrated that the combination of these spectroscopic methods enables to gain a more distinct picture concerning morphology and distribution of active ingredients. We were able to obtain high quality FTIR imaging and MALDI-profiling results and to distinguish different tissue types with their chemical ingredients. Beside this, we have created a 3-D reconstruction of a mature Hericium basidioma, based on the MRI dataset: analyses allowed, for the first time, a realistic approximation of the "evolutionary effectiveness" of this bizarrely formed basidioma type, concerning the investment of sterile tissue and its reproductive output (production of basidiospores).

Ecology of Hericium cirrhatum, H. coralloides and H. erinaceus in the UK

Hericium cirrhatum, Hericium coralloides and Hericium erinaceus are rarely recorded in Europe, and H. coralloides and H. erinaceus are Red Listed in several European countries. By contrast, H. erinaceus is common in nature in Japan and North America and easily cultivated for edible mushroom production. The three species are saprotrophs that grow on wood of broadleaved trees, particularly beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Britain. How they establish in the standing tree is uncertain, but they have been detected as latently present in functional sapwood. They frequently fruit in axenic culture, perhaps indicating that lack of fruit bodies in the field truly indicates lack of mycelial individuals, although it may be that natural fruiting is impeded by encapsulation within central woody tissues. Despite prolific sporulation in wild fruit bodies, basidiospore germination on agar is poor and large progeny sets of homokaryons were relatively difficult to obtain. The duration of the homokaryotic phase is unknown but may be prolonged due to low frequency of contact between mating compatible partners in natural substrata. Homokaryotic mycelia grow at least as rapidly as heterokaryons. Both homokaryons and heterokaryons are average to good combatants, the former slightly better than the latter. Poor growth and combative ability are unlikely to be the causes of apparent rarity in Europe, but poor germination and infrequent establishment may be.

ChemInform Abstract: Erinacine E as a Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist and Its New Analogues from a Basidiomycete, Hericium ramosum.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Homokaryons are more combative than heterokaryons of Hericium coralloides

Abstract The homokaryotic stage of the basidiomycete lifecycle is generally considered to be short lived, although there is little experimental evidence relating to their longevity in the field. The vast majority of studies on basidiomycete ecology have used only heterokaryons. The few investigations comparing related homokaryons and heterokaryons have revealed no overall trend in differences of extension rate, wood decay or competitive ability. For a rare species the homokaryotic phase may be of greater importance than in common species as it is likely to last longer. Hericium coralloides , a rare wood decay basidiomycete, was used to investigate differences between homokaryons and heterokaryons in terms of extension rate and combative ability. Fifteen homokaryons from three fruit bodies and five heterokaryons (obtained by fruit body tissue isolation) were compared at 5–35 °C on malt agar for extension rate, and paired against heterokaryons of 13 wood decay species to assess combative ability. Homokaryons were paired to create ten artificial heterokaryons whose extension rate at 10 and 20 °C was compared to parental rates. There were some significant differences in extension rates between homokaryons and natural heterokaryons, between homokaryons and heterokaryons created artificially from homokaryons, and between homokaryons from different fruit bodies, but no consistent trends. Homokaryons proved more combative than heterokaryons, which was assessed quantitatively as well as qualitatively using a scoring system for outcome of each pairing. Results are discussed in relation to previous findings and in an ecological context.

Comparative study of mycelial growth and basidiomata formation in seven different species of the edible mushroom genus Hericium

The potential of using several agricultural by-products as supplements of sawdust substrate for the production of edible mushroom Hericium was evaluated using seven Hericium species. All the tested supplements (rice bran, wheat bran, barley bran, Chinese cabbage, egg shell, and soybean powder) were found to be suitable for the mycelial growth of all the tested species. In mycelial growth, soybean powder was the best supplement for Hericium americanum, Hericium coralloides, and Hericium erinaceum while barley bran was the best for Hericium alpestre, Hericium laciniatum, and Hericium erinaceus. For Hericium abietis, rice bran and Chinese cabbage was the best. The possibility of mushroom production on oak sawdust substrate with 20% rice bran supplement was demonstrated with H. coralloides, H. americanum, H. erinaceus, and H. erinaceum which showed 26–70% biological efficiency. Our results also showed that strain selection is important to improve biological efficiency and mushroom yield in Hericium cultivation.

Medicinal Mushrooms of Southwest Siberia

As of today, there are more than 1500 known species of macromycetes that are grown in various plant cooperatives in southwest Siberia. Approximately 250 species of macromycetes are edible. The list of poisonous mushrooms contains approximately 50 species. Many edible and poisonous mushrooms have become the subject of research for the purpose of investigating their bioactive substances. According to corresponding literature, in the southern part of West Siberia there are more than 150 species of Basidiomycetes with medicinal properties. Of these, the most well known in Siberian folk medicine are Amanita muscaria (L.:Fr.) Hook., Boletus edulis Bull., Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pilát, and Fomes officinalis (Vill.:Fr.) Bond. et Singer.Medicinal and stimulating effects of Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) have been known from time immemorial. It is scientifically proven that the chaga mushroom increases the immune system of ill people and activates the circulation of brain tissue elements, thus increasing bioelectric activity of the brain’s cortex. The Siberian population actively uses Chaga’s infusion. In practical medicine, Befungin was the first manufactured Chaga product, which has been confirmed by Russian scientists. The chemical composition and biosynthetic activity of this mushroom were researched by the many scientists. There is confirmed information of the use of Befungin to cure psoriasis. Pharmacies in the city of Novosibirsk offer a broad selection of manufactured products that contain Chaga: dried chaga, chaga infusions, chaga syrup, tea, and lotions-balsams to cure arterial and joint diseases as well as in the healing of wounds.The Center of Fungi-therapy, which was created in St. Petersburg’s suburbs, actively uses chaga, along with shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer), in cancer therapy. Lately, there has been a lot of information about medicinal products made from Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link. In natural environments of southwest Siberia, there have been only isolated discoveries of this particular type in the mountainous Altai and Kemerovskaya province. To the class of rare medicinal mushrooms in Siberia, the following species should be added: Sarcosoma globosum (Schmidel:Fr.) Rehm, Sparassis crispa (Wulf.:Fr.) Fr., Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst., Dictyophora duplicata (Bosc) E. Fisch., Phallus impudicus L., Grifola frondosa (Dicks.:Fr.) S.F. Gray, Hericium coralloides (Scop.:Fr.) Pers., Pleurotus calyptratus (Lindbl.) Sacc., Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.:Fr.) Fr., Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.:Fr.) Singer, Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Höhn., and Suillus bovines (Pers.:Fr.) Kuntze. In this region, it is very popular to use as food products such edible types as Kuehneromyces mutabilis (Schaeff.:Fr.) Singer et A.H. Sm., Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P. Kumm., Flammulina velutipes (W. Curt.:Fr.) Singer, Leccinum aurantiacum (Bull.) S.F. Gray, L. scabrum (Bull.) S.F. Gray, L. versipelle (Fr. et Hök.) Snell, Suillus granulatus (L.:Fr.) Snell, S. grevillei (Klotzsch:Fr.) Singer, S. luteus (L.:Fr.) S.F. Gray, Cantharellus cibarius Fr.:Fr., Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) P. Kumm., P. pulmonarius (Fr.:Fr) Quel., Lactarius deliciosus (L.: Fr.) S.F. Gray, L. torminosus (Schaeff.:Fr.) S.F. Gray, and representatives of genus Russula, the majority of which produce a good harvest in favorable (salubrious) weather conditions in birch-pine, deciduous, and taiga woods in valleys and mountainous areas. Unfortunately, people still use Paxillus involutus (Batsch:Fr.) Fr. for food, even though it has been acknowledged as a poisonous type. Among the common forest s species there are also Laccaria laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Fr., Lepista nebularis (Fr.) Harmaja, L. nuda (Bull.:Fr.) Cooke, Lycoperdov perlatum Pers.:Pers, L. pyriforme Schaeff.:Pers., Fomes fomentarius (L.:Fr.) J.J. Kickx, Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.:Fr.) P. Karst., Piptoporus betulinus (BuIl.:Fr.) P. Karst., Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murrill, Schizophyllum commune Fr.:Fr., and several others. In the valleys and meadows of Novosibirskaya province, the Altai Region, and Mountainous Altai, Agaricus arvensis Schaeff.:Fr., Calvatia lilacina (Berk, et Mont.) Lloyd, Handkea excipuliformis (Scop.) Kreizel, H. utriformis (Bull.:Pers.) Pers., as well as the less common Langermannia giganta (Batsch.:Pers.) Rostk. and Pleurotus eryngii (DC.:Fr.) Quél. are commonly found. In various habitats, it is possible to find Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.:Fr.) Fr. and C. Comatus (O.F. Müll.:Fr.) S.F. Gray, but their harvest is rarely abundant.

Studies on the biosynthesis of striatal-type diterpenoids and the biological activity of herical.

Feeding experiments with specifically 13C-labeled glucose disclosed that the diterpenoid part of the striatals/striatins is formed via the mevalonate pathway, whereas the pentose moiety originates either via glucuronic acid (70%) or the pentose phosphate cycle (30%). Application of radioactively labeled herical to cultures of Hericium ramosum demonstrates the pivotal role of this cyathane-xyloside in striatal biosynthesis. Herical inhibits a large spectrum of fungi and bacteria and shows cytotoxic and hemolytic properties.

Erinacine E as a kappa opioid receptor agonist and its new analogs from a basidiomycete, Hericium ramosum.

A kappa opioid receptor binding inhibitor was isolated from the fermentation broth of a basidiomycete, Hericium ramosum CL24240 and identified as erinacine E (1). Three analogs of 1 were produced by fermentation in other media and by microbial biotransformation. Of these compounds, 1 was shown to be the most potent binding inhibitor. Preliminary SAR studies of these compounds indicated that all functional groups and side chains were required for the activity. Compound 1 was a highly-selective binding inhibitor for the kappa opioid receptor: 0.8 microM (IC50) for kappa, >200 microM for mu, and >200 microM for delta opioid receptor. Compound 1 suppressed electrically-stimulated twitch responses of rabbit vas deferens with an ED50 of 14 microM. The suppression was recovered by adding a selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine, indicating that 1 is a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

Fatty acids and other compounds with nematicidal activity from cultures of Basidiomycetes.

In a screening for nematicidal activities in cultures of Basidiomycetes, cultures of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Hericium coralloides exhibited toxic effects towards the saprophytic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Subsequently S-coriolic acid (1), linoleic acid (2), p-anisaldehyde (3), p-anisyl alcohol (4), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol (5), and 2-hydroxy-(4'-methoxy)-propiophenone (6) were isolated from submerged cultures of P. pulmonarius. All compounds showed nematicidal activities towards C. elegans. The most active compounds were 1 and 2 with LD50 values between 5 and 10 ppm. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 have not been previously isolated from higher fungi, 6 is a new natural product. From cultures of H. coralloides, which exhibited both repellant and nematicidal effects, a nematicidal fatty acid mixture was obtained, containing linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid as its main components.

Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes in the basidiomycete dolipore septum associated with fruiting

An ultrastructural study of dolipore septa in Psilocybe mexicana. Volvariella bombycina, Amanita muscaria, Favolus alveolaris, Lycoperdon perlatum, Hericium coralloides, and Dacrymyces stillatus indicated the presence of solid pore occlusions in vegetative mycelium while the occlusions were perforate or absent in the hymenium. Dolipore septa in basidiocarp initials, stipes, and lamellae of P. mexicana lacked occlusions or had perforate pore occlusions. Septa in vegetative mycelium of D. stillatus had parenthesomes with no pores while the septa in the hymenium had parenthesomes with a single pore. Pore occlusions in septa of vegetative hyphae of P. mexicana were digested with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Periodic acid, thiosemicarbazide, and silver proteinate stain for polysaccharides produced no staining of the pore occlusion. Nucleic acid extraction with perchloric acid also had no effect on the pore occlusion. Microfilaments in the pore canal appeared to be attached at regions of electron-dense material within the canal and at the pore occlusion. Serial sections demonstrated that electron-dense regions within the pore canal were rings which did not completely block the canal.

Molecular structure of starch-type polysaccharides from Hericium ramosum and Hericium coralloides.

Starch isolated from the fungi Hericium ramosum and Hericium coralloides differs from that of higher plants in that it consists only of short-chain amylose molecules (32 to 45 glucose units long).

NOWE STANOWISKO SOPLÓWKI BUKOWEJ HERICIUM CORALLOIDES (Scop.) Pers. w WIELKOPOLSCE

The paper presents a new locality of the protected fungus Hericium coralloides located in a manorial park in Turew. Nine basiodiocarps grew on a fragment of trunk of Ulmus sp. lying at the alley. The described locality is the fourth known in Wielkopolska region.