Herbal Plants Research Articles

A Laconic Review on Potential Herbals as Antiasthmatic Agents

Asthma is a condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrowed, swollen, and produce excessive mucus, making it difficult to breathe due to some allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mould spores, pet dander, particles of cockroach waste etc. The word "asthma" originates from the Greek meaning short of breath, meaning that any patient with breathlessness was asthmatic. The term was refined in the latter part of the 19th Century with the publication of a treatise by Henry Hyde Salter entitled "On Asthma and its Treatment". Asthma is a common condition diagnosed in as many as 25% of Scottish children by the age of 11 years. Childhood asthma is heterogeneous in terms of severity. In traditional system of medicines, plants herbs like ginger, Echinacea, garlic etc. are used in the treatment of asthma. Medicinal plants have been known for millennia and are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention of diseases and ailments. The importance of herbal medicine in the treatment of asthma is indisputable. This review highlights the etiology of asthma and few plants which are known to show antiasthmatic activity which are popular in traditional system of medicine.

Efficacy of Dichrostachys Glomerata Supplementation on Overweight and Mildly Obese Adult’s Weight, Mood, and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Despite their widespread use, research is needed to evaluate the weight loss and related health/wellness outcomes of herbal plants. Preliminary research found that the fruit of Dichrostachys glomerata is safe and has potential weight loss effects. This study aimed to examine the effect of a standardized powder of D. glomerata fruit pods (DYG-400®) on weight, food cravings, mood, and health-related quality of life of overweight and mildly obese adults. In this CONSORT-compliant double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 56 adults (Mean [M] age = 44.50, M [body mass index] BMI = 31.66) were randomized to either the D. glomerata Group (DG; 300 mg/d) or Placebo Group (PG; rice protein, 300 mg/d) for 60 days. Participants weight was assessed along with self-report assessments of the Food Cravings Questionnaire, CDC Health-related Quality of Life, Perceived Stress Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Profile of Mood States at Baseline, Day 30, and Day 60. The data were collected from March 2023 to June 2023 and stored electronically, and analyzed using general linear models with repeated measures. DG lost more weight at Day 60 compared to PG, p = .05 (4.11 vs. 2.19 lbs). DG had reduced food cravings from Baseline to Day 30 and Day 60 compared to PG, p < .001. Perceived stress, p < .001, and mood, p = .017, improved from Baseline to Day 60 for DG compared to PG. Anxiety decreased from Baseline to Day 60 for DG and from Baseline to Day 30 for PG, p < .001. Health-related Quality of Life improved for DG compared to PG, p < .001. D. glomerata (DYG-400®) may be an effective herbal intervention to promote weight loss and health. Extended clinical trials across diverse populations and settings are needed. Clinical trial registry number and website: ISRCTN10099861, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN10099861.

Determinants Of Farmers' Interest In Cultivating Herbal Crops In The Special Region Of Yogyakarta: A Study On Motivational And Economic Influences

Herbal plants are horticultural commodities rich in health benefits. In DI Yogyakarta, these plants are frequently used to make traditional herbal medicine (jamu), serving as natural remedies for the community. Despite having significant land amounts and relatively good production levels, the overall yield of DI Yogyakarta's herbal plants remain suboptimal. This is attributed to the low number of farmers and their low time allocation for cultivation, which stemmed from decreasing interest among farmers in herbal plant cultivation, influenced by time constraints and economic challenges. Identifying factors that could increase farmers' interest in herbal plant cultivation is essential to enhance interest. This study aims to analyze how motivation, needs, family support, availability of facilities, ease of cultivation, production capacity, and quality, price stability, and income influence farmers' interest in cultivating herbal plants in DI Yogyakarta. The research was conducted from April 2024 to May 2024. This research used a quantitative survey method. The samples were 20 farmers (KT Lombok Ijo), 15 farmers (KWT Sekar Kenanga), and 22 farmers (KWT Sumber Rejeki). Data analysis employed descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. Results showed that needs and price stability affected farmers' interest in cultivating herbal plants in DI Yogyakarta, indicating that the fulfillment of primary needs and price stability during weather changes proven to affect farmers' interest in cultivating herbal plants. DI Yogyakarta's government should boost farmers’ interest by aligning it with the actual conditions faced by farmers.

Unveiling the Neuroprotective Potential of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera): A Systematic Review.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases primarily afflict the elderly and are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons. Oxidative stress is intricately linked to the advancement of these conditions. This study focuses on Phoenix dactylifera (P. dactylifera; Family: Arecaceae), commonly known as "Ajwa," a globally cultivated herbal plant renowned for its potent antioxidant properties and reported neuroprotective effects in pharmacological studies. Method: This comprehensive systematic review delves into the antioxidant properties of plant extracts and their phytochemical components, with a particular emphasis on P. dactylifera and its potential neuroprotective benefits. Preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were employed to review the articles. Results: The study includes 269 articles published in the literature and 17 were selected after qualitative analysis. The growing body of research underscores the critical role of polyphenolic compounds found in P. dactylifera, which significantly contribute to its neuroprotective effects through antioxidant mechanisms. Despite emerging insights into the antioxidant actions of P. dactylifera, further investigation is essential to fully elucidate the specific pathways through which it confers neuroprotection. Conclusions: Like many other plant-based supplements, P. dactylifera's antioxidant effects are likely mediated by synergistic interactions among its diverse bioactive compounds, rather than by any single constituent alone. Therefore, additional preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to explore P. dactylifera's therapeutic potential comprehensively, especially in terms of its targeted antioxidant activities aimed at mitigating neurodegenerative processes. Such research holds promise for advancing our understanding and potentially harnessing the therapeutic benefits of P. dactylifera in neuroprotection.

Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activity study of Thymus vulgaris

Herbal medicines are important for ensuring sustainable development goals (SDGs) in healthcare, particularly in developing countries with high rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and little access to medical facilities. Thymus vulgaris is a widely used herbal medicinal plant known for its secondary metabolites and antimicrobial properties. The present study involved a comprehensive examination of the isolation, characterization, and antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris obtained from Ethiopia. The aerial part of the plant Thymus vulgaris was successively extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol based on differences in polarity. Phytochemical screening tests conducted against hexane, chloroform and MeOH crude extracts indicated the presence of some secondary metabolites. Based on the thin-layer chromatography tests, the chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatography, yielding Tv-2 compounds, namely 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol. The structures of the compounds were elucidated via spectroscopic methods (UV–Vis, FT-IR and NMR). We investigated the antibacterial properties of hexane crude extract, chloroform crude extract, MeOH crude extract, and isolated fractions derived from T. vulgaris against various bacterial strains. This study contributes to a better understanding of the bioactive components present in Thymus vulgaris crude extracts and their potential role in tackling microbial infections.

Investigation of the Anti-diabetic and Anti-lipid Peroxidative Properties of Gallic Acid in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease that occurs due to insulin deficiency or reduced function in the body. Therefore, the scientific investigation of herbal plants and their effectiveness is essential. It has been shown that gallic acid has hypoglycemic properties. In this study, the anti-diabetic and anti-lipid peroxidation properties of gallic acid were investigated. For this purpose, Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally into male rats at a dose of 60 mg/kg to induce type I diabetes. Seven days after Streptozotocin injection, blood samples were taken and rats with serum glucose levels higher than 250 mg/dL were considered diabetic. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Two groups of diabetic rats received either water or gallic acid at a dose of 40 mg/kg, and two groups of normal rats received either water or gallic acid at 40 mg/kg dose. The treatment period for all groups was 8 weeks. After the end of the period, blood samples were taken from the rats under fasting conditions. The collected blood samples were analyzed for serum biochemical factors (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, High-density lipoprotein, and creatinine) using spectrophotometry with the respective kits, and the level of lipid peroxidation in red blood cells was measured. The administration of gallic acid at a dose of 40 mg/kg (8 weeks) significantly reduced serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and creatinine, while significantly increasing serum levels of high-density lipoprotein. Additionally, the level of Malondialdehyde in red blood cells was decreased in the diabetic group receiving gallic acid compared to the diabetic control group, and in normal rats receiving gallic acid at a dose of 40 mg/kg (8 weeks), it had no significant effect on serum factors and had no toxicity.

DHRS2-induced SPHK1 downregulation contributes to the cell growth inhibition by Trichothecin in colorectal carcinoma

BackgroundDeregulation of lipid metabolism is one of the most prominent metabolic features in cancer. The activation of sphingolipid metabolic pathways affects the proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immune escape of tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Dehydrogenase/reductase member 2 (DHRS2), which belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, has been reported to participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism and impact on cancer progression.Trichothecin (TCN) is a sesquiterpenoid metabolite originating from an endophytic fungus of the herbal plant Maytenus hookeri Loes. Studies have shown that TCN exerts a broad-spectrum antitumor activity. MethodsWe evaluated the proliferative ability of CRC cells by CCK8 and colony formation assays. A metabolite profiling using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was adopted to identify the proximal metabolite changes linked to DHRS2 overexpression. RNA stability assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiments were applied to determine the post-transcriptional regulation of SPHK1 expression by DHRS2. We used flow cytometry to detect changes in cell cycle and cell apoptosis of CRC cells in the absence or presence of TCN. ResultsWe demonstrate that DHRS2 hampers the sphingosine kinases 1 (SPHK1)/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) metabolic pathway to inhibit CRC cell growth. DHRS2 directly binds to SPHK1 mRNA to accelerate its degradation in a post-transcriptionally regulatory manner. Moreover, we illustrate that SPHK1 downregulation induced by DHRS2 contributes to TCN-induced growth inhibition of CRC. ConclusionsThe present study provides a mechanistic connection among metabolic enzymes, metabolites, and the malignant progression of CRC. Moreover, TCN could be developed as a potential pharmacological tool against CRC by the induction of DHRS2 and targeting SPHK1/S1P metabolic pathway.

Network Pharmacology Analysis Reveals Multi-target Interactions of Phytochemicals in Cardiospermum halicacabum and their Potential in Breast Cancer Therapy

Aims: This present study aims to probe the interrelationships between phytochemical components and drug targets in Cardiospermum halicacabum. Background: Indian traditional medicine, often called Ayurveda, has a rich history of using medicinal plants for various health remedies and treatments. Network pharmacology plays a significant role in understanding the complex interactions between bioactive compounds in herbal medicinal plants and the human body. Objective: Medicinal plants are abundant in bioactive compounds, each possessing unique biological activities. However, certain unexplored biological activities of medicinal plants remain underrepresented in therapeutic studies. This study seeks to explore the connections between phytochemical components and drug targets specifically within Cardiospermum halicacabum. Methods: Metabolites were associated with various targets, and network analysis was conducted to assess the gene-metabolite network using cytoHubba. Genes were clustered to understand their involvement in gene ontology, biological processes, and metabolic pathways. K-means clustering illustrated a network of genes related to breast cancer pathways. Molecular docking analysis was performed for common genes within multiple targets to assess docking scores and interactions. result: Network analysis revealed six key metabolites closely interacting with multiple targets. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, demonstrating significant effects (inhibition 74.08 ± 0.67%). Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MBA 231 cell lines showed IC50 values of 110.7 µg/mL and 141.2 µg/ml, respectively, indicating potential cytotoxic effects. Results: Network analysis revealed six key metabolites closely interacting with multiple targets. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, demonstrating significant effects (inhibition 74.08 ± 0.67%). Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MBA 231 cell lines showed IC50 values of 110.7 μg/mL and 141.2 μg/ml, respectively, indicating potential cytotoxic effects. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of plant metabolites and their interactions with multiple targets through network pharmacology analysis. It suggests the synergistic potential of compounds with multiple targets, providing insights into their therapeutic value, particularly in breast cancer therapy.

Enhancing Anti-Hyperpigmentation Efficacy: A Review on Herbal Nanodelivery System

Hyperpigmentation refers to a condition characterized by excessive skin pigmentation, leading to darkened areas on the skin. This condition can significantly affect physical appearance and have adverse effects on emotional and psychological well-being. The use of commercial skinlightening products for hyperpigmentation therapy often entails significant side effects, prompting the exploration and development of herbal products as alternative anti-hyperpigmentation agents. Herbs act as anti-hyperpigmentation agents through various mechanisms, including inhibiting the expression and activity of tyrosinase, as well as reducing the uptake and distribution of melanosomes. The advancement of nanoparticle delivery systems represents a significant stride in enhancing the efficacy of herbal compounds, overcoming the limitations associated with conventional phytochemical formulations. Herbal plants incorporated into nanoparticle delivery systems demonstrate superior activity as anti-hyperpigmentation agents compared to their conventional extract counterparts. Various nanoparticle formulations employed include zinc oxide and gold nanoparticles, nanovesicles, nanosponges, nanoliposomes, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC), and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN). This narrative review aims to explore natural ingredients, diverse nanoparticle formulations, and the impacts of nanoparticle delivery of herbs as anti-hyperpigmentation agents, drawing insights from both preclinical and clinical studies. This review is intended to provide a foundation for the future development of herbal nanoparticle delivery systems.

Comparative effect of exogenous protease and phytobiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ileal histology and bone strength in broilers

ABSTRACT A total of 540 d-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly allocated into five groups: a control group receiving only the basal die (control), and experimental groups supplemented with exogenous protease (30,000 IU/kg) and crushed seeds of Bunium persicum, Coriandrum sativum, and Carum copticum (10 mg/kg each) for a period of 35 days. The results demonstrated that growth performance parameters, including feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio, were significantly improved (P < 0.05) in broilers supplemented with protease compared to those receiving the selected herbs. Additionally, the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in broilers that received protease compared to the Bunium persicum. Tibia bone weight significantly improved (P = 0.01) in birds supplemented with protease, Coriandrum sativum and Carum copticum. In addition, the robusticity index decreased (P < 0.05) in protease supplemented group. In terms of ileal histological features increased (P < 0.05) in broilers supplemented with protease compared to the control. In summary, the results indicate that protease supplementation yielded superior outcomes in terms of improving growth, ileal digestibility, bone quality, and villus dimensions in broilers compared to the herbal plant supplements used in this study.

IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE AND EMPOWERMENT OF PITASIDIA HEALTH CADRES ABOUT MEDICINAL PLANTS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSION IN SINGOTRUNAN VILLAGE, BANYUWANGI SUB-DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI DISTRICT

Hypertension (HT) and Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) are the two most common non-communicable diseases in East Java, Indonesia. Therefore, there is a need for outreach about these two diseases and the use of herbal plants as complementary therapy. educational and learning practices are needed to be able to understand these two diseases and be able to make good herbal preparations such as Centella asiatica and Hibiscus sabdariffa so that the chemical compounds are not damaged. To provide education about HT and DM, herbal plant processing practices, and understanding the importance of regular health checks. The activity was conducted in Singotrunan Village, Banyuwangi Sub-district, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province. The stages of community service consist of preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The evaluation results showed that there was a 90% increase in the level of understanding after providing education on DM prevention, HT, and medicinal plants. Routine health checks found that most of the correspondents had random blood glucose levels and normal blood pressure. There was an increase in respondents' knowledge about hypertension and diabetes mellitus and the use of medicinal plants in helping the treatment of these diseases.

UTILIZATION OF HERBAL POWDER TO INCREASE THE ECONOMY IN NURUL HUDA ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL, SIDOARJO

In the context of global economic contestation, the presence of an independent Islamic boarding school economic community will become social capital and inspiration for the community so that the local community's economy is not defeated and displaced by global players. The Nurul Huda Islamic boarding school is included in the category of Islamic boarding schools that do not yet have a business unit, even though the Nurul Huda Islamic boarding school has vacant land that can be utilized by students by managing herbal plants. Implementation of the community service program is carried out through several activities: 1) Providing material about various kinds of herbs and their benefits 2) Demonstration and practice of formulating and making various kinds of herbal powders 3) Demonstration and practice of formulating and making various kinds of herbal drinks 4) Demonstration and practice of formulation and making herbal granules 5) Demonstration, practice of formulation and making herbal effervescent powder 6) Packing and labelling practices for marketing 7) Making a website for product marketing. This community service produces output in the form of: 1) Publication in the Sinta 4 journal, namely the Abdinus journal / Journal of Indonesian Service 2) Publication on online news media. The results of implementing this activity were able to increase the knowledge and skills of students at Nurul Huda Islamic boarding school.

Structural characterization and Bacteroides proliferation promotion activity of a novel homogeneous arabinoglucuronoxylan from Commelina communis L.

Commelina communis L., a functional food and herbal plant in Asia, has been used against obesity, diabetes, and infections for centuries. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that indigestible polysaccharides are significant in obesity management. However, the structures and bioactivities of homogeneous polysaccharides from C. communis remain unclear. This study presented the structural characterization, simulated digestion, and human gut Bacteroides proliferation promotion activity of a novel homogeneous polysaccharide (CCB-3) from C. communis. The results showed that CCB-3 was an arabinoglucuronoxylan, primarily composed of arabinose, galactose, xylose, glucuronic acid (GlcA), and 4-O-methyl GlcA with a molecular weight (Mw) of 58.8 kDa. Following a 6-hour exposure to simulated gastrointestinal fluid, the Mw of CCB-3 remained unchanged, revealing that CCB-3 was an indigestible polysaccharide. Notably, CCB-3 could promote the proliferation of B. thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, and B. cellulosilyticus and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and 1,2-propanediol. These findings might shed light on the discovery of polysaccharide-based leading compounds from C. communis against obesity.

A Review on Pharmacological Activities of Acacia ferruginea Extracts

Acacia ferruginea are also known as White bark acacia. Herbal plants are potent in curing various ailments of ancient times as they have comparatively lesser side effects. The demands for natural drugs, mostly from plant sources, are increasing over the past few decades. Because of their several medicinal properties, Acacia species are used to treat a variety of diseases. One of the species Acacia ferruginea reported its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti– haemorrhoidal, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, wound healing and anti-protozoal activities. This review focus on the detailed morphology, phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties of different parts of Acacia ferruginea.

Beyond Conventional: Nanotechnology-Driven Herbal Interventions in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective: In patients with PCOS, oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Existing therapies, which mostly include synthetic medications, often result in serious adverse effects. Alternatively, a secure and efficient method of treating PCOS appears to be the mix of phytoconstituents and lifestyle changes. Methods: This review examines the global impact of PCOS, a prevalent hormonal disorder combining genetic, environmental, behavioral, and endocrine factors, and the potential side effects of synthetic medications used for its treatment. The authors conducted a narrative review using major databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar from October 1st to November 25th, 2023. They analyzed data from review articles, research articles, and meta-analyses published until August 2023 on pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, synthetic and herbal treatment, and nanotechnology effective in PCOS treatment, including those related to the theme. Results: PCOS affects women globally, and synthetic agents like insulin sensitizers, contraceptive pills, and anti-androgens may have numerous long-term health effects. A natural substitute for contemporary pharmaceuticals, herbal therapies are prized for their health benefits. Scientific studies support the safety and effectiveness of herbal bio-actives, which utilize diverse phytochemicals to reduce PCOS symptoms. Conclusion: To overcome the side effects of the synthetic agents, more influence is given to the natural way of curbing the syndrome for a healthier life. Thus, this review combines the potential advantages of utilizing various herbal plants for PCOS treatment by amalgamating findings from numerous literature studies.

Herbal plant leaves classification for traditional medicine using convolutional neural network

&lt;p&gt;The classification of herbal plant leaves can be implemented in agriculture and traditional medicine. Primarily, sorting leaves was done before it was processed into medicinal ingredients. Currently, the sorting was still done manually by writing it on notes. Sometimes there were errors in the selection of leaves for medicinal ingredients. Herbal plants had various forms and are very greatly. Artificial intelligence technology was needed to have fast-paced time efficiency in sorting leaves. In the field of artificial intelligence, there was a specific or detailed learning process known as deep learning. The objective of this research was to classify herbal plant leaves images by applying and combining the convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning method with data augmentation methods without the pre-trained architecture such as MobileNet and LeNet. This technique consisted of 4 main stages such as collecting data, preprocessing or normalizing data, building a model, and evaluating. The dataset used in this research were 4 types of herbal plants that do not flower and do not bear fruit including gulma siam, piduh, sirih, and tobacco. Each class had 250 images with total dataset used in this research was 1,000 images of herbal plant leaves and divided into 2 data, namely 80% data training 20% data testing, and validation. The data was trained with the epoch of 100 for the best training. It had an accuracy score of 98.74%. Without the data augmentation process it had an accuracy score of 91.43%.&lt;/p&gt;

Analytical Characterization, Antioxidant, Antiviral and Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Medicinal Plants

Objectives/background: The infectious consequences of microorganisms are varied due to resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs or new types of microbes causing lethal consequences for humans. Investigation are being performed to control different viral diseases; therefore; medicinal and herbal plants which have a variety of biological properties, can be evaluated for their anti-viral potential. Methods: The antiviral potential of NADES and water extracts of Senna alexandrina ( S. alexandrina), Peganum harmala ( P. harmala) and Citrullus colocynthis ( C. colocynthis) on Nicotiana benthamiana infected with Cotton Leaf Curl Multan virus were investigated. Results: The results of the antiviral assay revealed that both water and NADES extracts of P. harmala could not exhibit antiviral activity. However, water extracts of S. alexandrina and C. colocynthis successfully inhibited the Cotton Leaf Curl Multan virus , allowing the plant to survive compared to their NADES extracts. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses showed higher phenolic and flavonoid content in the water extracts of S. alexandrina, C. colocynthis and P. harmala compared to the NADES extracts. Additionally, both water and NADES extracts of P. harmala showed greater antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against S.aureus in comparison to other extracts, while the NADES extract of C. colocynthis demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity against E.coli strains. Conclusions: Therefore, these results demonstrated that Senna Alexandrina and Citrullus Colocynthis exhibited potent antiviral activity, suggesting that these plants could be therapeutic agent for treating viral infections.

Medicinal plant species detection by comparison review

The detection of therapeutic plant species is critical in today’s environment. Though many valuable medicinal plants are essential for survival, everyone needs Ready-to-use chemical medicines instead of ayurvedic ones. Because herbal medicines are prepared on time, they cannot be stored with preservatives like pharmaceutical ones. Also, identifying correct medicinal plants is essential; it can be achieved by classifying herbs by leaf shape, colour and texture of both sides using the established parameters of various methods. Recent utilization of traditional medicinal plants has increased, but identifying correct medicinal plants is more complicated. All herbal plants are natural resources that are reliable and healthy for consumption. Medicinal plants are used to treat heart problems, respiratory problems, reproductive problems, gastrointestinal problems, joint problems, skin illnesses, excretory problems, etc. Because of the necessity for mass manufacturing, identifying these plants is urgent. Detecting and classifying medicinal species is more critical to provide better treatment. Due to the deficiency of knowledgeable persons, effective detection and categorization of edible herbal plants are difficult. As a result, a completely computerized approach to identifying edible herbal plants is an essential key factor of the research. In this paper, various plant detection techniques like Convolution Neural Network (CNN), pertained models VGG16, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multi-Layer Perception (MLP) are taken and compared, and then finally concluded with the best results based on accuracy rate.

Bioactive Natural Leads and Traditional Herbal Plants in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Brief Review

: Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic relapsing disorder that causes chronic inflammation and ulcers in the GIT. Depending upon the location, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease come under IBD. The exact etiology of IBD is still unknown. Over 8 lakhs of people were affected by inflammatory disease yearly, and the death rate increased daily. Depending upon the severity of the disease, JAK inhibitors, anti-TNF agents, and immunosuppressants can be used to manage ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. However, these treatments have been associated with harmful adverse effects, which cannot be ignored. To treat inflammatory diseases safely, various herbal medicines and their bioactive are preferred as game changers. Recently, the effectiveness of herbal plants has been recommended as the treatment against IBD, as shown by various in vivo models and clinical trials. The various herbal plants reported in the literature include gallic acid, lupeol, and curcumin aloe vera. This review focused on medicinal plants' anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-ulcer properties. Over 1.2 million healthcare practitioners are using herbal bioactive and have the advantages of lower side effects. Therefore, it is estimated that in Europe, the demand for plant-based products/formulations has risen by millions in 2020, showing the current position of herbal-based products in consumer health awareness.

Diversity of Orchid species in the Tilu Mountains Region of Indonesia and the Potential for Phytochemistry

Orchids are one of the largest and globally distributed plant families. Indonesia has the most types of orchids, estimated around 20% from the total species across the world. Mainly orchids used as an ornamental plant. This research aimed to elucidate another potential of orchids as possibly for herbal medicine plant. The potential of orchids as herbal medicine has been known for a long time, but there is lack of well-documented research. The research method used in this research is exploration on predetermined research sites that were conducted in Mount Tilu, West Java on 2022. Observation data of orchids were collected on the sites and the analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive approach by describing the data from the research results and comparisons were made through a literature review. Based on the research results, we found about 31 species from 28 genera consisting of 24 epiphytic orchids and 7 terrestrial orchids in the Mount Tilu Kuningan area, West Java. There are 4 endemic species categorised in Java; Chilochista javanica, Crepidium koordesii, Crepidium junghuhnii, and Taeniophyllum biocellatum.