Herbal Medicine Research Articles

Portable alkaloid discrimination via nanozyme-mediated colorimetric paper-based sensor array integrated with smartphone detection.

Apaper-based colorimetric sensor array mediated by a novel nanozyme (CuCo2O4) was developed using a screen-printing technology. The aim was to facilitate the identification of different kinds of alkaloids. Typically, three chromogenic substrates (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and o-phenylenediamine) were selected as sensing elements, which can be catalyzed by a CuCo2O4 nanozyme with peroxidase-like activity to yield corresponding oxidized products, thereby inducing color changes. Owing to the varying inhibitory ability of different alkaloids on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a decrease in choline (Ch) concentration occurs and subsequently results in the restoration of color within the units of sensor array. Color data can be transformed into hue information with a smartphone. The above color variations generated a unique "fingerprint" pattern on five alkaloids (berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, eserine, and harmane), which can be successfully discriminated through linear discriminant analysis in the range0.2 to 20µM. Furthermore, the sensor arrays allowed successful discrimination of the above five alkaloids in Chinese herbal medicine samples and recognition of 22 blind samples. This work presents a novel nanozyme-based paper sensor array, which is a user-friendly and reliable platform for probing different alkaloids. In addition, the developed sensing strategy enables the identification of AChE-related diseases, positively contributing to the screening available of AD-associated drugs.

Coloprotective effects of chebulic myrobalan extract by regulation of AMPK-SIRT1 signaling: A pharmacological and histopathological evaluation

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, refractory disease caused by dysregulation of mucosal immune responses to the indigenous bacterial flora as well as genetic and environmental variables. Recently, there has been increasing interest towards the use of herbal medicines for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and the potential benefits could lie in their high patient acceptability, effectiveness, safety, and relatively low cost. It has been reported that Chebulic myrobalan (Terminalia chebula) exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective potential of extract of dried fruit pulp of T. chebula against Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in male BALB/c mice. Three cycles of DSS (3 % w/v in drinking water), each followed by a seven-day remission phase were used to induce ulcerative colitis in mice. Animals were treated with T. chebula (300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) starting from Ist remission period to the end of the study. Different biochemical assays, histological evaluation and molecular analysis were performed to evaluate the protective effects of T. chebula extract in DSS induced colitis. T. chebula modulates the expression of nuclear factor kappa B, adenosine monophosphate kinase, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, sirtuin 1 and interleukin-1β. Furthermore, it also accorded coloprotective effects against DNA damage, apoptosis, inflammation and nitrosative stress. Finally, it was found that the high dose of the T. chebula extract (600 mg/kg) was found to be more effective than a low dose (300 mg/kg) in restoring the ulcerative colitis induced colonic damage.

Quality Evaluation of Kidney Tea Granules From Different Origins Based on TLC, HPLC Fingerprinting, and Quantitative Analysis Combined With Chemical Pattern Recognition.

Kidney tea is an essential herbal medicine. It is widely used to treat conditions such as urinary stones, gallstones, and rheumatoid arthritis. There is currently no standardized or widely accepted research strategy for evaluating the quality of kidney tea granules (KTGs) after granulation. In this study, we aim to establish a comprehensive strategy for evaluating the quality of KTGs produced from different sources of kidney tea. A TLC combined with HPLC method was established to identify the chemical components in KTGs, and HPLC method was used to determine the contents of rosmarinic acid of KTGs. In order to distinguish samples and identify differential components, similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted. TLC and HPLC detection confirmed three chemical components of KTGs, which are rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and lithospermic acid. HPLC fingerprint analysis revealed a total of seven common peaks in 15 batches of KTGs. Similarity analysis showed that the similarity of all 15 batches of KTGs was greater than 0.969. The peak areas of the seven common peaks were identified by chemical pattern recognition, and the results showed that most of the KTGs from different origins were clustered together, with small differences between them. The PCA and OPLS-DA results showed that two principal components can represent 82.638% of the common peaks of KTGs, among which peak 5 represents rosmarinic acid, which is the main differential biomarker of KTGs from different regions. Quantitative analysis of rosmarinic acid in KTG samples was performed using HPLC fingerprint conditions and the content of rosmarinic acid in 15 batches of KTGs samples was measured to be between 8.01-14.61 mg/g. This study combines TLC, HPLC, and chemometrics to establish a stable and reliable method that can quickly and effectively identify the components of KTGs, accurately quantify known components in KTGs, and provide reference for the quality evaluation of KTGs.

Challenges and Strategies in the Industrial Application of Dendrobium officinale.

Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo (D. officinale) is a well-recognized traditional Chinese medicinal herb that is both medicinal and edible. Contemporary pharmacological studies have revealed that D. officinale contains abundant bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and dendrobine, exhibiting diverse pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. However, the industrial application of D. officinale faces many problems, such as the scarcity of wild resources, low natural reproduction rate, and slow growth rate as well as the lack of relevant industrial standards. Nevertheless, substantial advancements, including the exploitation of artificial propagation techniques and breeding of new varieties, have been achieved in recent years. These developments have effectively addressed the challenges associated with its low natural reproduction rate and the scarcity of wild resources. This review summarizes the progress in the industrial development, seedling cultivation, and pharmacological exploration of D. officinale in recent years. Furthermore, it analyzes current research inadequacies and offers strategic solutions to enhance its application in healthcare and medicine.

Strategi Mengembangkan Ekonomi Lokal melalui Pelatihan Pengolahan Jamu menjadi Usaha Kecil dan Menengah bagi Ranting Aisyiyah Wangkal

Jamu is a traditional concoction part of Indonesia's cultural heritage and traditions which has been passed down from generation to generation and is used as a treatment to treat minor illnesses, prevent disease, and maintain the body's resilience and health. Herbal medicine can be made from rhizomes, leaves, seeds, fruit, flowers, and the bark of herbal plants that can be found in the surrounding environment. Aisyiyah Wangkal Branch already has a medicinal plant cultivation program which will later be processed into herbal medicine for personal consumption, becoming a potential that can be developed. This training aims to empower existing potential by developing processed herbal medicine products which were originally only for personal consumption to become products that can be bought and sold and can add value to the economy, increase income and expand employment opportunities

The role of gut microbiome and its metabolites in pancreatitis.

Gut microbiome plays a vital role in the intestinal ecosystem and has close association with metabolites. Due to the development of metabolomics and microbiomics, recent studies have observed that alteration of either the gut microbiome or metabolites may have effects on the progression of pancreatitis. Several new treatments based on the gut microbiome or metabolites have been studied extensively in recent years. Gut microbes, such as Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus, and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, vitamin, hydrogen sulfide, and alcohol, have different effects on pancreatitis. Some preliminary studies about new intervention measures were based on the gut microbiome and metabolites such as diet, prebiotic, herbal medicine, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review aims to summarize the recent advances about the gut microbiome, metabolites, and pancreatitis in order to determine the potential beneficial role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in pancreatitis.

Enlightenment through Reading: The Impact of Miscellaneous Books in Folk Education in Huizhou, China

The evolution of folk education in ancient China was inextricably linked with advancing pedagogical methods and educational resources. The introduction of folk enlightenment reading materials, serving as pivotal tools for literacy and vocational training, significantly influenced the landscape of popular education. This transformation was characterized by three main developments: an expansion of the educational demographic, a shift from traditional Confucian curricula to practical, life-oriented content, and the integration of common vocational knowledge, laying the groundwork for professional expertise. The textbook “Four Words in Miscellaneous Characters” ( 四言杂字), a prominent example from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Huizhou, epitomizes this shift. It reflects the local values of prioritizing agriculture and commerce and the reverence for literacy and culture while documenting essential local practices in marriage, dowry, and medicinal herbs. This text serves as a valuable lens through which to examine the linguistic and cultural norms of the Huizhou region.

Green Medicine: Advancing Antimicrobial Solutions with Diverse Terrestrial and Marine Plant-Derived Compounds

Infectious diseases continue to cause global morbidity and mortality. The rise of drug-resistant pathogens is a major challenge to modern medicine. Plant-based antimicrobials may solve this issue; hence, this review discussed in detail plant-sourced antimicrobial drugs as an alternative toward bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. Plant-derived chemicals from various sources such as marine, medicinal, and non-medicinal sources have diverse antimicrobial properties. Complex chemical profiles from these sources allow these molecules to interact with several targets in the microbial pathogens. Due to their multi-component composition, these compounds are more effective and less likely to acquire resistance than single-target antibiotics. Medicinal herbs have long been used for their antimicrobial properties; however, non-medicinal plants have also been identified for their antimicrobial properties. Other interesting new pathways for the identification of antimicrobials include marine plants, which contain a wide variety of metabolites that are both distinct and varied. We have conducted a thorough literature search for the medicinal, non-medicinal, and marine plant-derived molecules with antimicrobial roles from databases which include Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The review also discussed the synergistic potential of combining these plant-derived compounds with traditional antimicrobial drugs to attenuate the microbial pathogenesis. Based on the existing research and advancements, the review article emphasizes the importance of continuing research into plant-based antimicrobials from these many sources and integrating them with existing therapies to combat the rising threat of drug-resistant infections.

Host cytokine genetic polymorphisms in a selected population of persons living with hepatitis B virus infection in the central region of Ghana.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health concern in resource limited settings like Ghana. Over the past decades, it is noted that the natural course of HBV in persons infected are taking a worse turn leading to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The outcome of HBV infection is influenced by viral and host factors including genetics. Cytokine variations affect virus survival and progression and may even influence associated complications. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18), interferon gamma (IFN)-γ, and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β) have key roles in HBV infection and modulation. In this study, polymorphisms occurring in five cytokines were analysed to understand how they can influence prognosis of HBV infection. The study is a single centre cross-sectional study involving 227 participants made up of HBV infected participants and HBV-negative controls. Recruitment was from March 2021 to April 2022. Blood samples were taken for full blood count, HBV antigen profile, liver function tests, HBV DNA quantification and cytokine genotyping. FIB score was calculated using available tools. Statistical analysis was undertaken with p < 0.05 set as statistically significant. The 20-39-year-old group formed majority of the HBV infected participants with 60% of all participants being classified as healthy HBsAg carriers. IL2 rs1479920 GG carriers ((1258.93; 0.00-5011.87) IU/mL had reduced HBV DNA in comparison to IL2 rs1479920 AA ((5011.87; 2113.49-5956.62) /AG (3548.13; 0.00-6309.57) IU/mL carriers. TNF-α rs1800629 AA carriers (1258.93; 0.00-3981.07) IU/mL had a reduction in HBV DNA levels in comparison to TNF-α rs1800629 GG carriers (1584.89; 0.00-5011.87) IU/mL. The results of univariate (OR = 0.08, 0.00-0.93; p = 0.043) and multivariate (OR = 0.02, 0.00-0.67; p = 0.029) analysis, showed that carrying TNF-α rs1800629 AA genotype reduce susceptibility to high FIB score compared with GG genotypes. In univariate analysis, subjects aged 20-39years (OR = 5.00, 1.13-6.10; p = 0.034) and 40-59years (OR = 41.99, 3.74-47.21; p = 0.0002) were more susceptible to high FIB score compared to subjects aged 1-19years. Being female (OR = 2.42, 1.03-5.71; p = 0.043) in the univariate models showed higher odds of having high levels of HBV DNA in the multivariate model. There was a reduced likelihood of herbal medicine usage influencing HBV DNA levels significantly (OR = 0.29, 0.10-0.86; p = 0.025). In conclusion, variations in IL2 rs1479920 GG and IL2 rs1479921 AA could offer protective effects by reducing HBV DNA. TNF-α rs179924CT may also cause elevation in HBV DNA levels whiles TNF-α -308A/G, showed a potential protective effect on liver scarring in HBV infected participants. It is therefore important to take a further look at such variations for understanding of HBV modulation in the Ghanaian population.

Adverse events associated with herbal medicine products reported in the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System from 2012 to 2021.

Systematic collection of diverse adverse events during herbal medicine administration is crucial. The Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) compiles spontaneously reported adverse event data for medicinal products including herbal medicines. This study focused on extracting and analyzing adverse event data specifically related to herbal medicine products from the KAERS database. Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) encompassing 84 types of herbal medicine products, identified by item codes from 2012 to 2021, were extracted from the KAERS database. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the characteristics of the extracted reports, and adverse event information was systematically categorized and analyzed based on the MedDRA System Organ Class and preferred term classification. In total, 1,054 ICSRs were extracted, with some documenting multiple adverse events in a single ICSR, resulting in 1,629 extracted adverse events. When categorized by the MedDRA System Organ Class, gastrointestinal disorders were the most prevalent (28.7%), followed by skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (20.1%). Based on the preferred terms, the most frequently reported adverse events were diarrhea (5.8%), urticaria (5.3%), pruritus (4.7%), rash (4.4%), and abdominal discomfort (4.2%). The most frequently reported herbal medicines were Bangpungtongseong-san (297 cases), Kyeongok-go (144 cases), and Eunkyo-san (108 cases). Spontaneously reported adverse events associated with herbal medicine products were systematically documented using the KAERS database. This study, which focused on voluntarily reported adverse reactions, underscores the need for additional research to estimate the incidence rate of adverse events and assess causality.

Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba mitigates excessive neuroinflammation and Aβ accumulation by regulating the pro-inflammatory response and autophagy-lysosomal pathway in microglia in 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a growing societal challenge, driven by an aging population. It is characterized by neurodegeneration linked to β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein aggregation. Reactive glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation exacerbates disease progression by facilitating the accumulation of Aβ and impairing its clearance, thus highlighting potential therapeutic targets. Aerial parts of Artemisia iwayomogi (AIH), a kind of mugwort, has been consumed as a medicinal herb in East Asia for relieving inflammation-related diseases. Previously, AIH was found to exert potent inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation. This study aimed to examine whether AIH mitigates AD pathogenesis by regulating neuroinflammation and reducing Aβ deposition. AIH treatment to primary mixed glial cultures attenuated the pro-inflammatory responses evoked by Aβ stimulation. When treated to 5 × familial AD (5xFAD) mice, AIH improved learning and cognitive ability and reduced Aβ burden in the brain. AIH suppressed glial overactivation, as well as inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators in the brain. Moreover, AIH regulated AKT signaling and elevated the expression of autophagy-lysosomal mediators in vitro. It was confirmed that lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) was increased in the Aβ-associated microglia in the mouse hippocampus. Finally, it was observed that tau phosphorylation was alleviated, and synaptic protein expression was increased in AIH-treated 5xFAD mice. Overall, this study demonstrated that AIH ameliorated excessive neuroinflammation and Aβ accumulation by regulating microglial activation and autophagy-lysosomal pathway, thereby suggesting AIH as a promising therapeutic candidate for AD treatment.

The active ingredient of Evodia rutaecarpa reduces inflammation in knee osteoarthritis rats through blocking calcium influx and NF-κB pathway.

Chronic inflammation significantly contributes to the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), and an anti-inflammatory small molecule derived from medicinal herbs could be a potential drug candidate for OA. Herein, we investigated the function and mechanism of Evodiamine (EAE), the active ingredient from Evodia rutaecarpa, in chondrocytes and macrophages in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxicity of EAE was determined using an MTT assay. And the anti-inflammatory and anti-extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation effects of EAE were investigated using qRT-PCR, western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF). Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Fluo-4AM, IF and AutoDock were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways of the reducing-inflammatory properties of EAE on chondrocytes in vitro. Moreover, the effect of EAE on macrophage polarization was detected by IF and flow cytometry (FC). Ultimately, we explored the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of EAE in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA model. The finding demonstrated that EAE blocked the phosphorylation of IKBα and Ca2+ influx, thereby curbing inflammation and ECM degradation. Additionally, EAE can prevent the polarization towards the M1 phenotype. Thus, our findings suggest that EAE has great potential as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of OA.

Research Progress in the Medicine-Food Dual Use of Astragalus for Gastrointestinal Tumors.

Gastrointestinal tumors have a major impact on human life expectancy and quality of life and are a major cause of personal and social hygiene stress. Gastrointestinal tumors are the main cause of cancer-related death, and the main treatment methods are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, they also cause great damage to the body and have a poor prognosis after surgery. Therefore, we urgently need safe and effective drugs to intervene in gastrointestinal tumors. In recent years, Traditional Chinese Medicine has been widely used in tumor treatment as a complementary and alternative therapy. Astragalus membranaceus is one of the main herbal medicines with tonic effect and one of the important components of many antitumor herbal compounds. Astragalus polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids are the main active components of Astragalus, all of which have antitumor effects. In this article, we studied the mechanism of action of Astragalus and its active ingredients in the intervention of gastrointestinal tumors in recent years and suggested a new approach for the study of Astragalus intervention in gastrointestinal tumors from the perspective of the homology of medicine and food.

Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of piglets.

Fermented Chinese medicine (FCM), as a functional feed additive, has been widely recognized to play a significant role in protecting the intestinal health of piglets and enhancing productive performance. However, the relationship between the active components of FCM, gut microbiota, and their beneficial effects on animal performance remains unclear. In this study, metabolomics analysis revealed a significant increase in the main contents of lactic acid and propionic acid in FCM, while most glycosides and their derivatives decreased after three days of microbial fermentation. Subsequently, piglets were fed a basic diet supplemented with 1% FCM, while the control group received only the basic diet. The results indicated a significant increase in feed intake and average daily gain within 14 days (P<0.05) due to FCM supplementation. Additionally, FCM significantly improved feed efficiency from 1.76 to 1.50 (P<0.05), and piglets in the FCM group exhibited significantly lower frequencies of diarrhea and coughing, which indicated improved health condition by FCM. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed higher abundances of Lactobacillus agilis, Megasphaera elsdenii, Ligilactobacillus, and Veillonellaceae in FCM group. In summary, FCM increased the content of active metabolites through microbial fermentation and regulated the intestinal microbiota to improve the health of piglets. FCM offers a promising potential for enhancing production performance and economic efficiency in the livestock industry.

The structure and function of rhizosphere bacterial communities: impact of chemical vs. bio-organic fertilizers on root disease, quality, and yield of Codonopsis pilosula.

Long-term use of chemical fertilizers (CFs) can cause soil compaction and acidification. In recent years, bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs) have begun to replace CFs in some vegetables and cash crops, but the application of CFs or BOFs has resulted in crop quality and disease occurrence. This study aimed to analyze the microbial mechanism of differences between CFs and BOFs in root disease, quality, and yield of tuber Chinese herbal medicine. We studied the effects of CFs, organic fertilizers, commercial BOFs, biocontrol bacteria BOFs, and biocontrol fungi BOFs on rhizosphere microbial community structure and function, root rot, quality, and yield of Codonopsis pilosula at different periods after application and analyzed the correlation. Compared to CFs, the emergence rate and yield in BOF treatments were increased by 21.12 and 33.65%, respectively, and the ash content, water content, and disease index in the BOF treatments were decreased by 17.87, 8.19, and 76.60%, respectively. The structural equation model showed that CFs promoted the quality and yield of C. pilosula by influencing soil environmental factors, while BOFs directly drove soil bacterial community to reduce disease index and improve the quality and yield of C. pilosula. There was a stronger interaction and stability of soil microbial networks after BOF treatments. Microlunatus, Rubrobacter, Luteitalea, Nakamurella, and Pedomicrobium were identified as effector bacteria, which were related to disease prevention and yield and quality increase of C. pilosula. Microbial functional analysis indicated that the signal transduction and amino acid metabolism of soil bacteria might play a major role in improving the quality and yield of C. pilosula in the early and middle growth stages. In conclusion, compared to CFs, BOFs obtained a lower disease index of root rot and a higher quality and yield of C. pilosula by changing the structure and function of the rhizosphere bacterial community.

Climate Change, Land Use, and the Decline in Traditional Fulani Cattle Practices: Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance in Kwara, Nigeria

This paper presents a case study of Fulani herdsmen in Nigeria, whose traditional ethnoveterinary practices risk being lost as the country transitions to more intensive and enclosed livestock practices. We use a planetary health framing to make visible the value of indigenous practices that are less damaging to the environment, animal welfare, and human health. Through ethnographic observation, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key stakeholder interviews, we show that the Fulani use a complex system of herbal medicines and traditional herding practices to maintain herd health, and to manage and treat animal disease when it arises. However, their traditions often sit uncomfortably with commercial farming practices. As traditional Fulani grazing lands are eroded, dispossessed Fulani take employment from businessmen farmers. Both parties’ inexperience with shed hygiene, artificial feed, and less environmentally resilient crossbreeds leads to an increased incidence of infectious disease. This, in turn, drives the higher use of antibiotics. There is, thus, a ‘causal chain’ of underlying drivers that lead, through poorer environmental, animal, and human health, to the increased use of antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance that emerges from this chain threatens human health now and in the future. Through a planetary health framing, we advocate for a deeper understanding of the knowledge held by Fulani herdsmen and their traditional ethnoveterinary practices as an alternative to increasing antibiotic use (ABU).

Ultrasound-assisted low-temperature extraction of polysaccharides from Lavandula angustifolia Mill.: optimization, structure characterization, and anti-inflammatory activity

Lavandula angustifolia Mill. is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with high economic and pharmacological value. In this study, we optimized the conditions for low-temperature ultrasound-assisted extraction of L. angustifolia Mill. polysaccharides using response surface methodology (RSM), and two homopolysaccharides LAPW1 (33.6 kDa) and LAPS1 (95.9 kDa) were obtained after isolation and purification by DEAE-650 M and Superdex™ 200 chromatography. The primary structure of LAPS1 was determined using “partial acid hydrolysis, methylation, two-dimensional (2D NMR) spectroscopy” as the core method. The results revealed that LAPS1 is a heteropolysaccharide whose main chain consists of [-1)-β-Galp-(6→1)-α-Araf-(5→]3-1-α-Araf-(3→1)-α-Araf-(5→[1)-β-Galp-(6→1)-α-Araf-(5→]3-1-α-Araf-(5→1)-α-Araf-(5→[-1)-β-Galp-(6→1)-α-Araf-(5→]3. In vitro experiments revealed that LAPW1 and LAPS1 significantly reduced the production of the inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), as well as the expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 (NOS2) and release of nitric oxide (.NO) free radical in the inflammatory model established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7. Besides, the zebrafish inflammatory model, stimulated by CuSO4, was employed to assess the impact of polysaccharides on neutrophil migration, indicating a notable decrease in zebrafish neutrophils and confirming their potential anti-inflammatory activity. These results indicate that polysaccharides from L. angustifolia Mill. be used in the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical products.

STUDY OF ANTI-ULCER, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF FRUITS POLYEXTRACT OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA MIL L.

Introduction. Plant-based drugs and medicines are used in medical practice for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases: chronic gastritis and/or gastroduodenitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. The purpose of the work is to study and evaluate of anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of jujuba fruits (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) polyextract. Material and methods. Experimental samples of CO2 extract, alcoholic extract, thick extract, dry extract and polyextract of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill fruits were studied. Biological activity of the samples was evaluated using a specific enzyme biotest system based on inducible NO synthase in vitro. The acute toxicity affecting the exudative phase of the acute reaction was studied in a model of formaldehyde edema of the paw of mice, as a result of screening the polyextract of jujube fruits which has the most pronounced pharmacological activity, and also studied its antiulcer effect on an ethanol model of damage to the gastric mucosa in rats. Results. As a result of screening studies using a specific enzyme biotest system based on inducible NO synthase, immunomodulatory properties were discovered in all experimental jujube fruit extracts. Polyextract of jujube fruits demonstrated the most pronounced immunomodulatory therefore it was chosen for further pharmacological studies. In accordance with the classification of toxicity of chemical substances according to the standards of the Russian Federation, polyextract of jujube fruits is a low-toxic substance. The polyextract has an anti-inflammatory effect, it suppresses the development of the exudative phase of inflammation in a model of formaldehyde edema of mouse paws. A significant gastroprotective effect of the polyextract of the fruits of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill was revealed in an experimental model of rat gastric ulcer caused by the administration of ethanol. Conclusions. Polyextract of jujube fruits has a wide range of biological activity: immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and is also a low-toxic substance. This extract is promising for further in-depth study and the creation of a new effective herbal medicine based on it.

Determination of the Content of Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Tannins, Mineral Elements and Antioxidant Activity of Almonds Obtained from Cashew Nuts (Anacardium occidentale, Anacardiaceae) from Center Côte d'ivoire

Aims: Anacardium occidentale from the Anacardiaceae family, is a plant whose almonds have been widely consumed in Côte d'Ivoire in recent years. In addition, almonds are a matrix containing approximately 22-24% fat; which gives it great interest in terms of valorizing its nutritional properties. Study Design: This is how the nuts were harvested at the beginning of 2023 in Sessenouan, a village in Bouaké, in central Côte d'Ivoire. Cashew nuts were obtained from ripe fruits of the Anacardium occientale. After recovering the almonds, they were dried and then well preserved for the various analyses; which analyses were carried out at the Chemistry laboratory of the Felix Houphouët-Boigny Polytechnic Institute in Yamoussoukro, a city located 95 kilometers from Bouaké. Place and Duration of Studies: After the harvest in April 2023 and the recovery of the almonds, the analyses were carried out from June to September 2023. Methodology: The quantification of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, condensed tannins and mineral elements was done by classical dosage methods; As for the antioxidant activity of the almond extract, it was evaluated with respect to DPPH using vitamin C as a control. Results: This study showed that the almonds of Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) from central Côte d'Ivoire contain appreciable levels of total polyphenols (21000 ± 1,330 µg EAG/g), total flavonoids (36000 ± 2,660 µg EQ/g), condensed tannins (19.813 ± 0.02 µg EAT/g) and minerals: K (458.61 ± 1.01 mg/100g), Mg (300.72 ± 0.57 mg/100g), P (142.51 ± 0.15 mg/100g), Ca (31.73 ± 0.32 mg/100g). Conclusion: The analysis of these results indicates that the almonds of Anacardium occidentale from Côte d’Ivoire are a source of micronutrients and can therefore be used in both herbal medicine and human nutrition in our developing countries. Future work will focus on the chemical and physical properties of the fat extracted from the almonds.

The effect of Capparis spinosa extract on some immunological and physiological variables of mice

Background The pungent taste and numerous health advantages of the caper plant are not to be overlooked. Thanks to its high vitamin content—including B12, niacin, vitamin K, vitamin A, vitamin E, and fiber—it finds widespread usage as both a culinary seasoning and a medicinal herb. Methodology The Soxhlet device was the most efficient and effective way to isolate the plant's active organic ingredient crude. I ground the plant into a powder using a blender. Then, I added 250 mL of ethanol and added 95% after extraction. I extracted the plant within 24 hours and concentrated the mixture using a rotary evaporator. Finally, I frozen it at -20 ° until I needed it. The mice were housed in sanitary cages that met their nutritional, thermal, and ventilation needs. The experiment did not begin until the mice had been allowed to acclimate for one week without treatment. Result The results presented here appear to be descriptive statistics for a number of physiological characteristics measured in mice treated with varying concentrations of Capparis spinosa extract (control, 10%, and 20%). Haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), and the total count for each therapy group are the variables that are being considered. In order to compare the control group with the groups treated with varying doses of Capparis spinosa extract, this data sheds light on the central tendency and variability of physiological variables under different treatments. The results showed an increase in some blood variables compared to the control. There is also an increase in the number of white blood cells, which enhances the increase in the first line of defense against pathogenic organisms.