Herbal Group Research Articles

Efficacy of herbal alternatives in maintaining oral health in cancer patients: A systematic review.

Herbal rinses possess different medicinal properties. Numerous studies have reported the usefulness of various herbal oral rinses. Few studies claimed that herbal rinses are superior to synthetic mouth rinses for certain purposes, but there appears to be a lack of sound scientific evidence to prove the efficacy of herbal rinses in controlling oral plaque in cancer patients. This review analyses the various clinical studies on herbal rinses and aims to find the safety and efficacy of red ginseng mouth rinses over other available mouth rinses in carcinoma patients. A thorough electronic search was conducted in various databases and 10 articles were included in the review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data extracted were tabulated and analyzed. The risk of bias table was drawn. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity of the included studies. Of the 10 clinical trials included in the review, three studies appeared to have low risk of bias. The mean follow-up period was 14 days, ranging from 7 to 21 days. The sample size in each study was reported to be between 10 and 50, except one study with 240 samples. Seven studies have reported a significant difference between the herbal mouth rinse group and the chlorhexidine group. Of all the herbal rinses, mouth rinses with ginger extracts show more efficacy over other herbal rinses and red ginseng appears to be a more safer herbal rinse. Based on the available evidence, herbal mouth rinses are comparable to synthetic mouth rinses in their anti-bacterial properties. The red ginseng with anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous properties may be an alternative mouth rinse in cancer patients. However, further clinical trials with more samples are required for better evidence.

Improving the hygiene of jamu sellers in Malang through the provision of appropriate technology

Jamu (herbal medicine) is included in traditional health drinks that its processing is often less hygienic. The purpose of this community service program is to improve the cleanliness of the herbal medicine-making process in the herbal medicine group in Malang through the provision of hygienic herbal medicine processing machines. Community service activities were carried out in 2018 by involving herbal medicine groups in Tegalgondo and Jetis Villages, Malang. The community service activities included analyzing the conditions and needs of partners, designing herbal medicine machines as needed, as well as assisting the use of machines. The implementation methods in this service program were discussion and training. The result of this service activity was an increase in partner knowledge regarding the importance of hygiene and the use of appropriate technology in herbal medicine processing. After the training was carried out, service partners began to be moved to process jamu more hygienically. Furthermore, assistance and technology-based marketing training activities also need to be carried out.

Ameliorative Effect of Neem Leaf and Pomegranate Peel Extracts in Coccidial Infections in New Zealand and V-Line Rabbits: Performance, Intestinal Health, Oocyst Shedding, Carcass Traits, and Effect on Economic Measures.

Simple SummaryCoccidiosis, one of the most contagious diseases among domestic rabbits, negatively affects production and results in massive economic losses. This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of treatment with aqueous neem leaf extract and ethanolic pomegranate peel extract (PPE) individually and in combination on the intestinal coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. in New Zealand white and V-line (VL) rabbits. Rabbits from two breeds were divided into ten equal groups (five groups each for NZ and VL). All rabbits were inoculated with Eimeria spp. oocysts except for the rabbits in the first group (G1) (negative control). The remaining groups were: G2, positive control, G3, treated with neem leaf extract, G4, treated with pomegranate peel extract (PPE), and G5, treated with a combination of neem leaf extract and PPE. Our results showed that the use of neem leaf and/or pomegranate peel extract for both breeds resulted in improved growth performance, a significant reduction in mean oocyst count, no mortalities, an anticoccidial index > 120, and significantly improved economic efficiency measures when compared to the positive control group.Healthy, weaned, coccidial-free male rabbits from two breeds (New Zealand white (NZ) and V-line (VL)) were divided into 10 equal groups (5 groups each for NZ and VL) (3 replicates/group, 6 rabbits/replicate, 18 rabbits/group). All rabbits were inoculated with 5 × 104 Eimeria spp. oocysts (E. intestinalis (67%), E. magna (22%), and E. media (11%)) except for the rabbits in the first group (G1), which were inoculated with a sterile solution and served as a negative control. The remaining four groups were treated as follows: G2, no treatment/positive control, G3, treated with neem leaf extract, G4, treated with pomegranate peel extract (PPE), and G5, treated with a combination of neem leaf extract and PPE. For both breeds, our results showed that the use of neem leaf and/or pomegranate peel extract resulted in improved growth performance, with a significant improvement in relative feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the positive control groups, which recorded the worst values, as well as a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in mean oocyst count compared to the positive control groups. We also observed downregulation of mRNA levels of IL-1βα, IL6, and TNF-α in the herbal treatment groups compared with the mRNA levels of these genes in the positive control groups. Herbal treatment with neem leaf and/or pomegranate peel extracts had positive effects on the NZ and VL rabbits experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria species, as evidenced by their healthy appearance, good appetite, no mortalities, an anticoccidial index > 120, and a significantly higher total return and net profit when compared to the positive control groups of both breeds. In NZ rabbits, the treatment with neem leaf extract alone (G3) or in combination with PPE (G5) recorded the most efficient economic anticoccidial activity.

Clinical efficiency of combination therapy using testosterone replacement therapy, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and Kampo herbal medicine for eugonadal patients with late-onset hypogonadism syndrome.

In the present study, the initial treatment efficiency of combination therapy using testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), herbal medicine and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) in male patients with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) were assessed. A total of 21 patients were enrolled and after 12 weeks, the clinical efficacy was evaluated based on improvement of LOH symptoms via laboratory parameters and several questionnaires, including the Ageing Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale. The overall AMS scores, as well as the psychological, physical and sexual AMS factors prior to and after treatment in the TRT, testosterone enanthate (T enanthate) monotherapy and T enanthate + PDE5i treatment groups were significantly improved. In the herbal medicine group, only the AMS physiological factors were significantly improved after treatment compared with the baseline. The improvement of the overall AMS scores, as well as the physiological and sexual AMS factors, were significantly negatively correlated with the free testosterone (FT) value prior to treatment. In conclusion, treatment with combination therapy using TRT, herbal medicine and PDE5i improved AMS scores in patients with LOH syndrome. Particularly in patients with LOH syndrome and low FT, the symptoms were significantly improved following combination therapy.

The efficacy of Tuina with herbal ointment for patients with post-stroke depression: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPost-stroke depression (PSD) is a common complication after stroke which hinders functional recovery and return to social participation of stroke patients. Efficacy of conventional drug therapies for patients with PSD is still uncertain. Therefore, many patients prefer to use complementary and alternative therapies for PSD. Tuina (traditional Chinese manual manipulation) with herbal ointment is an integration of manual therapy, and ointment is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy. Preliminary experiments have shown that the Tuina with herbal ointment can improve the mental state of patients with PSD. The purpose of this study is to observe and verify the efficacy of Tuina combined with herbal ointment for patients with post-stroke depression, and to lay a foundation for further research on its mechanism of action.Methods/designIn this study, a randomized controlled trial will be conducted in parallel, including two intervention groups: Tuina with herbal ointment group and herbal ointment for control group. A total of 84 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to the groups in a 1:1 ratio. All participants will receive conventional antidepressant venlafaxine treatment (75 mg QD), on which they received two different interventions. The interventions for both groups will be carried out 5 times each week for a period of 2 weeks. The primary outcome will be the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). Secondary outcomes will include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as well as 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS). They will be assessed at the baseline, at the end of the intervention (2 weeks), and during the 1 month and 3 months of follow-up by repeated measures analysis of variance. The significance level is 5%. Adverse events will be monitored at each visit to assess safety. All outcomes will be assessed and analyzed by researchers blinded to the treatment allocation. The purpose of this study will focus on observing the efficacy of Tuina with herbal ointment for patients with post-stroke depression, and to explore further the mechanisms of its effects.DiscussionThis study may evaluate clinical application value and safety of Tuina with herbal ointment in PSD patients, which can provide basis for clinical research and mechanism exploration of PSD.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000033887. Registered on 15 June 2020.DisseminationThe results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through the study’s website and conferences.

Learning Innovation of Area-Based Approach to Sustainable Development Goals of Highland Community Resources Management of Social Studies Teachers in the Northern Thailand

The research aimed to study the context of area-based approach learning management and guidelines of area-based approach learning management for sustainable highland community resource management of social studies teachers in the learning center for Thai hill tribe communities in northern Thailand. The method of qualitative research was used. Purposive sampling was conducted to obtain key informants which were social studies teachers of the highland learning center, accounting for 285 people. This area is a development area of the royal project. Learning center for Thai hill tribe communities in northern Thailand have accessed to organize social studies teaching at the basic education level. The tools used in the research consisted of in-depth interviews and focus group discussion recording. Then, content analysis was conducted. 
 
 From the research result, it was found that the context of area-based approach learning management for sustainable highland community resources management of social studies teachers consisted of: executing the process of area-based management by surveying and collecting village data to be used as knowledge in learning management for pre-school students and students of basic education and the illiterate; developing occupations for the interested group in communities; developing life skills by using the method of coordination with community leaders; building local networks; participating in meeting with the community ;and exchanging information in order to inform people in the community of external exchanges. Regarding the use of area-based knowledge of social studies teachers, they have implemented the knowledge until this has brought about guidelines for promoting community resources management. For example, the community has participatory development plans. The community has networks of natural resources and environmental conservation and citizens have local conscience. Results of sustainable highland development are the fact that the community has strong power in conserving traditions, inheriting tribe cultures, establishing local herbal plants groups to take care of community health. Moreover, there are groups developing local products, building community declarations and regulations for living together in the community peacefully. The guidelines of area-based approach learning management for sustainable highland community resource management of social studies teachers consisted of 5 components which were FPCIL, namely (1) F: Facilitator, (2) P: Participatory assessment and planning, (3) C: Community capital value added, (4) I: Innovation of knowledge and (5) L: Lesson-learned.

The Effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. on the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate, Prolactin and Cortisol Levels in Post-Menopausal Women: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Study.

Menopause is the last menstrual period associated with a decline in ovarian steroid secretion and follicular loss. Hormone profile changes during menopause include a decrease in the production of estrogen, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and prolactin (PRL), and an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and cortisol. Herbal medicines are considered as alternatives to hormone therapy. The studies on postmenopausal women have shown that Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (called “Senjed” in Persian) has some efficacy in improving sex hormone and lipid profiles, joint pain, and cardiovascular function, as the decrease in luteinizing hormone, low-density lipoprotein, and heart rate was significant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of E. angustifolia on TSH, DHEA-S, PRL, and cortisol levels and their ratios in postmenopausal women. It is assumed that the eventual effects of hormones on the brain and other tissues are determined by the balance between interdependent hormones. In the present randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial (https://en.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20170227032795N4), fifty-eight postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to one of two medicinal herb (15 g of the whole E. angustifolia fruit powder) and placebo (7.5 g isomalt + 7.5 g cornstarch) groups. After 10 weeks of the treatment, the serum levels of TSH, DHEA-S, PRL, cortisol hormones, and their ratios were measured. The increase in the TSH, and cortisol levels, and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio and the decrease in prolactin and DHEA-S and the PRL/TSH, PRL/cortisol, and DHEA-S/TSH ratios after E. angustifolia consumption were significant only based on within-group but not on the between-group analysis. Based on between-group analyses, the changes in the hormone profile were not significant in the placebo group. According to Iranian tradition and folklore, E. angustifolia fruit is a symbol of female fertility. Therefore, its consumption is highly recommended to maintain health in the elderly, especially women. However, the observed outcomes about the effect of E. angustifolia on menopause were not completely in line with the Iranian folklore. E. angustifolia consumption did not significantly affect the hormone profile and ratios at the end of the ten-week trial, possibly due to the small sample size, short time, and the fact that our participants were postmenopausal women.

A Study of the Effectiveness of Hwanggeum-tang and Gamchosasim-tang in the Mice Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objectives: This study investigates the mechanism of Hwanggeum-tang (HGT) and Gamchosasim-tang (GST) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods: The mice (C57BL/6N) were treated with distilled water and 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to experimentally induce ulcerative colitis. The mice were divided into 7 groups of (6 mice: normal, negative control, positive control (with sulfasalazine), 4 experimental groups (with HGT and GST, respectively). RAW 264.7 cells were used for cell experiments. The experiment was conducted in two ways: in vitro and in vivo.Results: In the experimental group (HGT, GST) of in vitro experiments, NO production decreased, and significant changes in gene expression and protein activation were observed.<br/>The length of the colon recovered in the experimental groups (HGT, GST) of the in vivo experiment was longer than that of the negative control group, and the mucosal barrier was recovered. Sone significant changes in the amount of mRNA expression were partially observed, and significant changes in protein activation also were confirmed.Conclusions: HGT and GST are effective in treating IBD caused by DSS. In the same herbal preparation group, the higher the concentration, the better the experimental effect, and when the same concentration was tested, HGT was more effective than GST. Herbal medicine has a higher antioxidant effect than sulfasalazine, so it is also excellent for cell protection.

Effects of Metformin in Combination with a Herbal Capsule (Glucoblock) on Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress Index in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Aim: This study evaluated the effects of metformin in combination with a herbal capsule (glucoblock) on insulin resistance and oxidative stress index in type 2 diabetic rats.
 Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet, and diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were quantitatively determined by a rat-specific sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was determined by the ratio of TOS to TAS. Phytochemical analysis on the herbal capsule was done using classical methods.
 Results: The results revealed the presence of alkaloids (100.31μg/mg), flavonoids (131.45μg/mg), cardiac glycosides (55.93μg/mg) and saponins (61.47μg/mg) in the herbal drug glucoblock. The results showed significantly lower FPG levels in the treatment groups when compared to the diabetic control. Group 3 administered metformin had significantly higher FPG levels compared to the negative control. Group 4 administered the herbal drug glucoblock and group 5 administered a combination of metformin and glucoblock, showed no significant differences in FPG levels when compared to the negative control. The diabetic control had significantly higher FPI levels compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The treatment groups showed no significant differences in FPI levels when compared to the negative control. HOMA-IR was significantly higher in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. Also, HOMA-IR values in the treatment groups showed no significant difference compared to the negative control except for group 3 (metformin), that was significantly higher than the negative control. SOD was significantly lower in the diabetic control, compared to the negative control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in SOD levels in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. TOS levels in the negative control group and treatment groups were significantly lower, compared to the diabetic control. TAS was significantly lower in the diabetic control and treatment groups compared to the negative control. OSI in the diabetic control was significantly higher, compared to the negative control and treatment groups. Also, the treatment groups had significantly higher OSI compared to the negative control.
 Conclusion: High fat diet and streptozotocin induction produced significant insulin resistance and oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. Glucoblock was more effective in reducing insulin resistance compared to metformin. The combination showed synergistic drug-herb reaction as glucoblock potentiated the actions of metformin. Both showed antioxidant potential but were not effective in lowering oxidative stress to normal levels. There is need to incorporate antioxidant therapy in the treatment protocol for diabetes mellitus.

Screening of Uric Acid-lowering Food and Medicinal Materials Based on Inhibiting Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Zebrafish Hyperuricemia Model

Through the combination of in vitro (the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity) and in vivo (a zebrafish hyperuricemia model) methods, the uric acid-lowering activity of 15 edible herbs crude ethanol extracts was screened. In vitro experiment set up blank group, enzyme reaction group, inhibitor group and control group. The absorbance at 295 nm with microplate reader was measured. In vivo experiment 5 days post fertilization zebrafish larvae with normal development were randomly divided into blank group, model group (200 μmol/L PO+10 μmol/L XSS), edible herbs group (200 μmol/L PO+10 μmol/L XSS+extracts of different concentrations) and positive control group (200 μmol/L PO+10 μmol/L XSS+APL 2 mmol/L). All groups were cultivated at 28.5 ℃ for 24 h to determine the uric acid contents and further verify the uric acid-lowering activity. In vitro experiment showed that 15 ethanol extracts were inhibitory, with 8 having greater than 50% inhibitory rate at 400 μm/mL. The most active one was the ethanol extracts of the Rhodiola crenulate, which was followed closely by Lagotis brevituba, Poeania suffruticosa, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Phellodendron chinense, Scindapsus aureus, Cassia tora and Coreopsis tinctorial. In vivo experiment showed that the uric acid level of all these eight extract groups were significantly lower than the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Nutritional and Botanical Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Dynamic Protective Effect of Chinese Herbal Prescription, Yiqi Jiedu Decoction, on Testis in Mice with Acute Radiation Injury.

Objective A Chinese herbal prescription, Yiqi Jiedu (YQJD) decoction, is used for injuries caused by radiotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic protective effects of YQJD decoction in mice on radiation damage at different time points of the testis. Methods The 200 male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (blank, model, Anduolin, low-dose YQJD, and high-dose YQJD groups). Blank and model groups were all given stomach deionized water. Anduolin group and high and low dose of Chinese herb groups were treated with Chinese material medical decoction compound for 2 weeks before being irradiated. Except for the blank group, other groups were given whole-body one-time irradiation of 5.5 Gy 60Co gamma rays. Histopathology examination of testes was conducted on the 1st, 7th, 21st, and 35th day after irradiation, respectively. Indexes of sperm motility rate, sperm count, serum levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also measured correspondingly. Result Compared to 1 day and 7 days after irradiation, most of the indexes, including testis index, sperm motility, and count, were decreased on the 21st and 35th day in all irradiated groups. However, compared with the model group, the indexes to assess sperm quality and the morphological structures of testis in low-dose and high-dose YQJD groups were significantly recovered on the 21st and 35th days. Additionally, reproductive hormones, including testosterone and estradiol, were recovered more in low-dose and high-dose YQJD groups on the 21st and 35th days. Conclusion The YQJD decoction is able to accelerate the recovery of sperm indexes, testosterone, and estradiol levels of sex hormones in mice after irradiation and demonstrated good protective effects on the testis.

Alternatives to robenidine to control gastrointestinal disorders of weaner rabbits in the field

Gastrointestinal disorders due to Eimeria sp. and E. coli overgrowth cause high mortality in weaner rabbits and the interest in alternatives to coccidiostats is high. This study aimed to investigate the superiority of natural feed additives towards robenidine preserving gastrointestinal health in the field. Rabbits were divided into four groups, Control Group (CG) exclusively supplemented with robenidine, Sainfoin Group (SG) was supplemented with a combination of robenidine and sainfoin, and two additional groups were respectively supplemented with Herb-All COCC-X (garlic; conessi tree) (HG: Herbal Group) and by a combination of Herb-All COCC-X and Klinofeed (clinoptilolite) (MG: Mineral Group). Eimeria sp. (98,40%) and E. coli overgrowth (73.60%) could be confirmed as the main causes for losses. High mortality rates (SG: 30.00% - MG: 47.50%), also in the groups receiving robenidine (SG: 30.00%; CG: 45.00%), reinforced the importance of alternatives in the field. The natural additives of groups SG, HG and MG did not have a significant influence on the weight gains and the oocyst counts in the jejunum/ileum and caecum of slaughter rabbits at the end of the trial, compared to group CG. Significantly higher oocyst shedding in SG (p = 1.4E-03) and HG (p = 1.4E-05) during the trial may be explained by a higher surviving rate of diseased rabbits in those groups, fostered by beneficial effects of the additives, which should be investigated further.

COVID-19 Rehabilitation With Herbal Medicine and Cardiorespiratory Exercise: Protocol for a Clinical Study.

BackgroundRecent studies have revealed that many discharged patients with COVID-19 experience ongoing symptoms months later. Rehabilitation interventions can help address the consequences of COVID-19, including medical, physical, cognitive, and psychological problems. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated the effects of rehabilitation following discharge from hospital for patients with COVID-19.ObjectiveThe specific aims of this project are to investigate the effects of a 12-week exercise program on pulmonary fibrosis in patients recovering from COVID-19. A further aim will be to examine how Chinese herbal medicines as well as the gut microbiome and its metabolites regulate immune function and possibly autoimmune deficiency in the rehabilitation process.MethodsIn this triple-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial, we will recruit adult patients with COVID-19 who have been discharged from hospital in Hong Kong and are experiencing impaired lung function and pulmonary function. A total of 172 eligible patients will be randomized into four equal groups: (1) cardiorespiratory exercise plus Chinese herbal medicines group, (2) cardiorespiratory exercise only group, (3) Chinese herbal medicines only group, and (4) waiting list group (in which participants will receive Chinese herbal medicines after 24 weeks). These treatments will be administered for 12 weeks, with a 12-week follow-up period. Primary outcomes include dyspnea, fatigue, lung function, pulmonary function, blood oxygen levels, immune function, blood coagulation, and related blood biochemistry. Measurements will be recorded prior to initiating the above treatments and repeated at the 13th and 25th weeks of the study. The primary analysis is aimed at comparing the outcomes between groups throughout the study period with an α level of .05 (two-tailed).ResultsThe trial has been approved by the university ethics committee following the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number: REC/19-20/0504) in 2020. The trial has been recruiting patients. The data collection will be completed in 24 months, from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022.ConclusionsGiven that COVID-19 and its sequelae would persist in human populations, important findings from this study would provide valuable insights into the mechanisms and processes of COVID-19 rehabilitation.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04572360; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04572360International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/25556

Modulatory effects of Punica granatum L juice against 2115 MHz (3G) radiation-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rat.

Advancements in telecommunication sector result in increasing exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation, which has been correlated with incidence of male infertility. Therefore, the present study focused on analyzing the consequence of EM radiation (2115 MHz) exposure on the reproductive system of male Wistar rats. Besides, the antioxidant protective effect of Punica granatum juice was also evaluated. For experimental analysis, rats were divided into five groups (control, sham exposed, exposed, herbal plus exposed, and herbal only). Individual group consisted of 6 rats which were exposed to radiation for 45 days (2 h/day). The herbal-treated groups were given 1 ml of Punica granatum extract orally. Various parameters such as organ to body ratio, sperm count, motility, viability, and testis histopathology were studied. Furthermore, oxidative stress parameters and free radical generation were analyzed. The exposed group showed changes in sperm parameters along with decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter. On the contrary, herbal-exposed group showed enhanced sperm count, increased motility, and viability in comparison to exposed group. Histopathology studies also revealed the protective role of herbal juice. Significant alteration in oxidative parameters along with an enhanced free radical generation in exposed group and reduction in herbal groups was observed. The results thus indicate that continuous exposure to EM radiation can lead to oxidative stress which induces biochemical changes in rat sperms. However, Punica granatum extract has a protective role against oxidative damage induced by EM radiation.

A comparative assessment of pomegranate extract, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), tulsi extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococci epidermidis.

Background:The presence of pathogenic bacteria, toxins and byproducts in the root canal system show a decisive part in success of endodontic therapy. Thus, the complete removal of this bacterium is highly desirable. Several intracanal medicaments were tried to disinfect the root canal before obturation.Aim:The present study was conducted to compare Pomegranate, sodium hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), tulsi extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococci epidermidis.Settings and Design:Cross-sectional observational prospective study.Materials and Methodology:Aqueous extract of 20% pomegranate peel, 20% pomegranate peel, 0.2% CHX, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, Tulsi extract and Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) was used as agent against E. faecalis, F. nucleatum and Staphylococci Epidermidis. Zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated and compared using analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney test. The information was statistically evaluated with SPSS software version 20 with P < 0.05.Results and conclusion:The mean zone of inhibition against E. faecalis, F. nucleatum and S. Epidermidis was highest in chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite groups compared to herbal groups. MIC was least with group III followed by group II against all bacterial species (P < 0.05). Sodium hypochlorite found comparatively better followed by chlorhexidine and other agents against E. faecalis, F nucleatum and S. epidermidis.

EFEK PEMBERIAN SEDUHAN SERBUK HERBA SELEDRI (Apium graviolens L.) TERHADAP KADAR ASAM URAT SERUM DARAH AYAM LEGHORN JANTAN HIPERURIKEMIA

Apium graviolens L. is a medicinal plant that is useful for treating gout. Flavonoids are components of chemical compounds found in celery because they can work as antioxidants and inhibit the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme to form uric acid. This study aims to determine the effect of giving celery herb powder on the blood serum uric acid levels of hyperuricemia male leghorn chickens. This study used twenty-five male leghorn chickens which were randomly divided into 5 groups. All groups were made hyperuricemia by being given 100% chicken liver juice 5 mL/l kg BW once a day orally during treatment. Group 1 was given 0.5% CMC suspension solution as a negative control group. Group 2 was treated with allopurinol 14 mg/1.5 kg BW in CMC 0.5% as a positive control. Groups 3, 4, 5 received infusion of celery herb powder in the order of doses (0.6 g/1.5 kg BW), (1.2 g/1.5 kg BW), (1.8 g/1.5 kg BW). Examination of uric acid levels was carried out on days 0, 4, 8, 12. The results showed that steeping celery could reduce uric acid levels in proportion to the dose. The greater the dose given, the greater the decrease in uric acid levels. The dose of celery herb group 3 (1.8 g/1.5 kg BW) was the most effective doses because it had the same value as the positive control.

Diuretic Effect on Combination of Celery Herb (&lt;i&gt;Apium graveolens &lt;/i&gt;L.) and Bay Leaf (&lt;i&gt;Syzygium polyanthum &lt;/i&gt;W.) Ethanol Extract towards Wistar Male Mice (&lt;i&gt;Rattus norvegicus &lt;/i&gt;L.)

Celery (Apium graveolensL.) and Bay (Syzygium polyanthumWight) contain active compound of flavonoid which can obstruct reabsorbsion of Na and water until increase diuretic effect. This research aims to know diuretic effect combinations from celery herb and bay leaf ethanol extract 70% toward Wistar Male Mice using Lipschitz test. The research design is experimental withposttest only control group designby deviding the mice into normal group, hydrochlorothiazide group 25 mg/kg, control CMC-Na 0.5%, and combinations of celery herb (CHEE) and bay leaf ethanol extract(BLEE) treatment group. Those were made in 3 variances combinations doses which are; 1.125 mg/kg:6.25 mg/kg (combination-1), 2.25 mg/kg:12.5 mg/kg (combination-2), and 4.5 mg/kg:25 mg/kg (combination-3) and also 2 single doses of CHEE 4.5 mg/kg and BLEE 25 mg/kg. Diuretic effect is determined by a diuretic index and Lipschitz value. Urine volume is analyzed with ANOVA and continued analyzing with non parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney. The results of diuretic effect combinations from CHEE and BLEE showed that the three combinations have diuretic effect with value index in series from the smallest dose combinations are; 1.83, 1.86, 2.09 at 5 hours and 1.73, 1.75, 2.02 at 24 hours. Lipschitz values are 0.78, 0.79, 0.89 at 5 hours observation and 0.79, 0.79, 0.913 at 24 hours. Diuretic energy are ; 69.84%, 72.48%, 94.12% at 5 hours and 65.79%, 67.79%, 93.15% at 24 hours. Based on the test results of diuretic effects, combinations of CHEE and BLEE have diuretic effect and combination-3 which is the closest to hydrochlorothiazide.

Influence of the Plant-citrate Complex on Indicators of Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Urolithiasis

Treatment of urolithiasis is a complex task of modern medicine. The search for non-invasive methods of treatment, prevention of relapses and complications, slowing down the development of renal failure is an urgent issue of our time. The study demonstrated a comprehensive analysis of indicators of systemic inflammation in patients with urolithiasis and the effectiveness of using the plant-citrate complex.&#x0D; The objective: to conduct a clinical assessment of systemic inflammation in patients with urolithiasis, to determine the effectiveness of the use of the plant-citrate complex of the drug Uriklar on the indicators of systemic inflammation.&#x0D; Materials and methods. There were examined 52 (55.6 %) patients with urolithiasis, which were divided into two groups: Group I (main group) – 32 patients with urolithiasis who received the herbal citrate complex and Group II (comparison group) – 20 patients with urolithiasis. The control group included 20 almost healthy individuals. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory tests: general and biochemical blood tests to determine the parameters of iron metabolism, lipid profile, CRP, determination of the levels of cytokines in the blood, blood pressure, body mass index.&#x0D; Results. The results of this study demonstrate the development of systemic inflammation in patients with urolithiasis, determined by a decrease in GFR. Against the background of the treatment with Uriklar, a decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, CRP and ferritin is observed, which indicates the anti-inflammatory properties of the drug.&#x0D; Conclusion. Such properties of the plant-citrate complex are pathogenetically substantiated and can be recommended for urolithiasis, which, along with the therapeutic properties, allows to obtain the provision of metaphylaxis of urolithiasis and to slow down the rate of development of chronic kidney disease.

Rapid determination of seven bioactive components in rat plasma by UPLC―MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic compatibility study of Jinlingzi San

Jinlingzi San (JLZS), composed of Fructus Toosendan (FT) and Rhizoma Corydalis (RC), is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription for regulating Qi to relieve pain. The present study investigated the pharmacokinetic compatibility of FT and RC in JLZS. A fast, selective and sensitive UPLC―MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of one limonoid (toosendanin), four tertiary alkaloids (corydaline, tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydrocoptisine, tetrahydroberberine) and two quaternary alkaloids (palmatine, dehydrocorydaline) in rat plasma was established and fully validated. The plasma samples were pretreated by a fast protein precipitation and chromatographed using a 1.7-μm C18 column and 0.1 % formic acid―water and acetonitrile via gradient elution with a run time of 3.7 min. Multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization was adopted to detect the analytes and internal standard (diphenhydramine). The lower limits of quantification were 0.08―3.09 ng/mL using only 50 μL of plasma sample. Using the proposed method, the pharmacokinetic differences of seven bioactive components in rats after administration of JLZS and the single herb (FT or RC) were investigated. The results showed that the elimination of toosendanin and alkaloids decreased significantly in the JLZS group (p < 0.05) compared with the single herb group, and the exposure of the alkaloids increased in some degree. The study demonstrated the synergistic effect of combining FT with RC on the pharmacokinetics of seven bioactive components and provided new information for a better understanding of the compatibility mechanism of JLZS.