Use Of Herbal Drugs Research Articles

Unveiling the Latest Breakthroughs: A Comprehensive Review of the Therapeutic Activity and Safety Profile of Aloe vera.

The use of herbal drugs as alternative and complementary medicine has increased in popularity, raising concerns about their safety profile. Aloe vera, a plant with diverse therapeutic properties, has been extensively used for centuries. This review aims to assess the therapeutic activity and safety profile of Aloe vera. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to gather relevant information from various biomedical databases. The chemical composition, mechanism of action, and therapeutic activities of Aloe vera were analyzed. Aloe vera contains numerous active components such as vitamins, enzymes, minerals, sugars, lignin, saponins, and anthraquinones. Its mechanisms of action involve collagen synthesis, anti-inflammatory effects, immune modulation, laxative properties, and antiviral activity. Aloe vera has demonstrated potential therapeutic benefits in wound healing, diabetes management, liver and kidney protection, and glycemic control. However, it is essential to consider potential side effects, such as skin irritation and allergic reactions. This review provides evidence-based information to improve patient safety and promote informed decisions regarding the use of Aloe vera as a therapeutic agent.

Calendula Flowers (Calendulae officinalis flos): Methods to Obtain Fractions of Biologically Active Substances

INTRODUCTION. The pharmaceutical industry aims at developing sustainable resource-saving technologies for manufacturing medicines. Approaches to the effective use of herbal drugs include applying technologies yielding compounds with various pharmacological effects in one production cycle. To date, no standardised herbal drug processing technology has been designed to produce calendula flower-based medicinal products with various pharmacological effects. The Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) process calendula flowers by extraction methods yielding one fraction of biologically active substances per cycle (either only flavonoids or only carotenoids).AIM. This article aimed to investigate the possibility of stepwise processing of calendula flowers to obtain biologically active substances with different polarities (carotenoids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides) per cycle.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The authors extracted carotenoids using hexane. The study included additional thermal pretreatment of the herbal drug. Carotenoids and flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry, and polysaccharides were quantified by gravimetric analysis. After hexane removal, the dry oily residue was dissolved in oil with mechanical stirring to obtain the oil extract. The study included a three-step processing method that comprised hexane extraction (extraction of carotenoids with a low-polarity organic solvent), extraction with a water–organic solvent system (extraction of flavonoids), and aqueous extraction (precipitation of polysaccharides).RESULTS. The lipophilic extracts obtained by single hexane extraction or by single hexane extraction and heat treatment had the maximum carotenoid content (~4%), which was 10 times the carotenoid content in the extracts obtained using a water– organic solvent system. Oil extracts were prepared from the dry residue left after removing hexane by distillation at its boiling point. The content of biologically active substances in the oil extracts was comparable to that in the intact herbal drug. Water–organic solvent extraction yielded 68.5% more flavonoids from the herbal drug extracted with hexane than from the intact herbal drug. In contrast, aqueous extraction applied to the intact herbal drug yielded 1.7 times the amount of flavonoids obtained by aqueous extraction preceded by hexane extraction. The water-soluble polysaccharide fraction extracted from the intact herbal drug had 10 times the flavonoid content observed in the fraction extracted from the processed herbal drug. Each subsequent processing step decreased the total polysaccharide content and the content of individual polysaccharide fractions and increased their purity. The ratio of polysaccharide fractions remained unchanged across all processing methods tested.CONCLUSIONS. Stepwise processing of calendula flowers ensured that one processing cycle provided three fractions containing increased amounts of carotenoids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Relative to the intact herbal drug, there was a 3.3-fold increase in the yield of carotenoids, and the yields of flavonoids and polysaccharides increased by 44.8 and 41.3%, respectively. The resulting product had a higher degree of purity than the products obtained by pretreatment and double hexane extraction or by using the intact herbal drug. The stepwise processing method is advisable for the production of medicines that are enriched with a specific group of biologically active substances or contain smaller amounts of impurities.

Plant-Based Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis Management: A Review

Dermatological issues pose a frequent challenge for small clinical practitioners, presenting a spectrum of conditions encompassing otitis, pyoderma, anal sac problems, flea allergy, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurring skin condition characterized by distributed skin lesions. In recent decades, researchers have shown a keen interest in AD due to its increased prevalence in developed countries. While various treatment strategies, including biological and immune modulators, are available for AD, each has certain limitations. Researchers have exhibited a significant interest in managing AD with herbal medicines. The use of herbal drugs for AD could potentially eliminate local and systemic adverse effects associated with long-term corticosteroid use, as well as reduce the high cost of therapy with biological drugs. This review discusses traditional East Asian herbal medicines as well as scientific data related to newer herbal extracts or compositions for the treatment of AD. The paper also delves into in vivo animal models and in vitro cell cultures that have been investigated with herbal medicines to establish a potential role in the treatment of AD. In conclusion, herbal medicines could serve as a better and safer complementary and alternative treatment option for AD.

Use of Herbal Drugs in Cardiovascular Disease- A Review.

Thirty percent of deaths worldwide are caused by cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). As per the WHO data, the number of fatalities due to CVDs is 17.9 million years, and it is projected to cause 22.2 million deaths by 2030. In terms of gender, women die from CVD at a rate of 51% compared to 42% for males. Most people use phytochemicals, a type of traditional medicine derived from plants, either in addition to or instead of commercially available medications to treat and prevent CVD. Phytochemicals are useful in lowering cardiovascular risks, especially for lowering blood cholesterol, lowering obesity-related factors, controlling blood sugar and the consequences of type 2 diabetes, controlling oxidative stress factors and inflammation, and preventing platelet aggregation. Medicinal plants that are widely known for treating CVD include ginseng, ginkgo biloba, ganoderma lucidum, gynostemma pentaphyllum, viridis amaranthus, etc. Plant sterol, flavonoids, polyphenols, sulphur compound and terpenoid are the active phytochemicals present in these plants. The aim of this article is to cover more and more drugs that are used for cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we will learn about the use of different herbal drugs, mechanism of action, phytochemical compounds, side effects, etc. However, more research is required to comprehend the process and particular phytochemicals found in plants that treat CVD.

New Insights in Psoriasis Management using Herbal Drug Nanocarriers.

Psoriasis (Pso) is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disease characterized by red plaques covered in silver scales. The existing treatments provide limited benefits and are associated with certain drawbacks which limit their use. Thus, there is a need to explore more options that are highly target-specific and associated with minimal side effects. Researchers have thoroughly investigated the use of herbal drugs for their therapeutic potential. Preclinical studies demonstrate that phytochemicals such as curcumin, psoralen, and dithranol have antipsoriatic effects. These phytoconstituents inhibit the signalling pathways, such as the interleukin (IL) 23/Th17 axis and IL-36 inflammatory loop involved in the pathogenesis of Pso. These phytoconstituents down-regulate the pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. However, their application in clinical settings is limited due to poor bioavailability and access to target sites. Combining phytoconstituents with modern delivery platforms like nanocarriers can address these shortcomings and improve therapeutic efficacy. This review explores the potential of herbal remedies as a substitute for conventional therapies, emphasizing the clinical trials conducted with these herbal medicines. The paper is supported by the discussion on nanocarriers like liposomes, niosomes, emulsomes, ethosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and dendrimers that are used to deliver herbal medicines.

Traditional Herbal Drug Approach used in the Treatment of Asthma: A Review

Asthma is a persistent inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory airway where the tracheobronchial smooth muscles of the lungs become tremendously narrow due to various causative agents like virus, allergens, exercise and become extremely responsive which leads to increase in secretions, mucosal oedema and mucus plugging. This results in repeating episodes of dyspnoea, wheezing, chest tightness, breathlessness, and coughing which might limit a person’s ability to work and function depending on the time and intensity of the episode. WHO’s assessment suggests that more than 339 million individuals had Asthma internationally and there were 417,918 deaths because of asthma worldwide in 2016. A review affirms that 1 out of every 10 Asthma patients are from India. Asthma can have various etiologies and types. The treatment involves Anticholinergics, corticosteroids, β2 agonists, Xanthine drugs. These oral administration drugs are effective but come with their own respective side effects to some extent. Since ancient times the mankind has always turned to natural substances to cure various diseases and ailments. In a similar manner, Asthma treatment is also seeing new advances with the use of traditional herbal drugs from various plant sources. They work in various complex mechanisms and have very minimal side effects. This review deals with Mangifera indica and Laurus nobilis as treatment options for Asthma and the mechanism with which they work. Keywords: Asthma, Mangifera indica, Mangiferin, Vimang, Laurus nobilis, Magnolialide

A Review of Traditional and Modern Approaches in Pharmacovigilance for Hypertension and Kidney Disease Treatments

Pharmacovigilance plays a crucial role in monitoring the safety of herbal, homeopathic, and allopathic drugs, particularly for treatments of hypertension and kidney diseases. The global increase in complementary and alternative medicine use alongside conventional therapies necessitates a thorough understanding of potential interactions and side effects. Current pharmacovigilance systems for herbal and homeopathic remedies face unique challenges compared to established allopathic drug monitoring processes. Recent research on allergic reactions to these diverse therapeutic approaches reveals varying prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical implications. Regulatory frameworks governing these treatment modalities differ across countries, highlighting the need for harmonized international standards. Emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and big data analytics, show promise in enhancing adverse drug reaction (ADR) detection and prevention. Integration of findings from multiple disciplines provides healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers with insights into ensuring safe use of herbal, homeopathic, and allopathic drugs in managing hypertension and kidney diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge, identifies research gaps, and proposes future directions for improving pharmacovigilance across these diverse therapeutic approaches

Elimination of Exogenous Pollution Influence on the Microelement Composition of Medicinal Plants

INTRODUCTION. The compendial analytical procedure for determining the content of heavy metals and arsenic impurities in herbal drugs does not differentiate between endogenous and exogenous elemental impurities. Higher-precision data on the microelement composition of plants, particularly data on endogenous and exogenous impurities, could be instrumental in chemosystematics and in the identification of raw materials.AIM. This study aimed to modify the analytical procedure for quantifying macro- and microelements in herbal drugs with the intention to eliminate the influence of exogenous pollutants on test results.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study focused on herbal drugs from the Boraginaceae family, including reproductive shoots of lungwort (Pulmonaria mollis Wulf. ex Hornem) and leaves of common borage (Borago officinalis L.). A portion was spiked with elemental pollutants. All herbal drugs were ground and fractionated by sieving. Quantitative determination was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis of the results used Microsoft Excel and Statistica 8 software.RESULTS. A total of 30 elements were quantified in 9 fractions of herbal drugs with different particle sizes. Cluster analysis showed that unfractionated herbal drugs and the fraction comprising particles smaller than 0.2 mm formed sepa rate clusters, indicating significant differences in elemental compositions. Grubbs’ test confirmed that these two samples were significantly different from the others. The fraction of particles smaller than 0.2 mm had the maximum content of the spiked elements; more than 90% of the spiked amounts were recovered from this fraction. The high content of elements observed in unfractionated herbal drugs was due to the plant parts that would have passed the 0.2 mm sieve had they been ground and fractionated.CONCLUSIONS. The use of unfractionated herbal drugs leads to a systematic error in the results of elemental content determination, which significantly hinders the applicability of such results for the identification of herbal drugs. To ensure reliable results in the determination of the microelement status of plants, the authors suggest performing additional fractionation of herbal drugs and discarding the fraction under 0.2 mm.

Herbal Cellular Concentrate for Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders associated with chronic hyperglycemia in the blood due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin function, or both. Although the proper treatment of diabetes includes insulin injection continuously to maintain blood glucose levels, nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the use of alternative approaches for treating insulin resistance, and T2D Chicory significantly reduces blood sugar and glucose fluctuations, increases metabolism due to inulin in type 2 diabetes patients with excess weight. Equisetum arvense is one of the most effective plants for blood sugar, stabilizing metabolism, and hormone production. Tuberous roots are rich in inulin, enabling glucose utilization in the human body, and can potentially ameliorate insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients. Blueberry leaves improve insulin sensitivity and action. Galega officinalis lowers blood sugar levels for prediabetes and type-2 diabetes patients. Due to the side effects and temporary use of chemical drugs, herbal and natural medicines and chemical drugs are recommended for people with diabetes. However, more scientific studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of herbal supplements in diabetes cases.

In Silico Approaches to Polyherbal Synergy: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is typically based on the use of single herbal drugs or polyherbal formulations (PHFs) to manage diseases. However, the probable mode of action of these formulations is not well studied or documented. Over the past few decades, computational methods have been used to study the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals in single herbal drugs. However, the in silico methods applied to study PHFs remain unclear. The aim of this protocol is to develop a search strategy for a scoping review to map the in silico approaches applied in understanding the activity of PHFs used as traditional medicines worldwide. The scoping review will be conducted based on the methodology developed by Arksey and O'Malley and the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A set of predetermined keywords will be used to identify the relevant studies from five databases: PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers will conduct the search to yield a list of relevant studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mendeley version 1.19.8 will be used to remove duplicate citations, and title and abstract screening will be performed with Rayyan software. The JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information tool will be used for data extraction. The scoping review will be reported based on the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Based on the core areas of the scoping review, a 3-step search strategy was developed. The initial search produced 3865 studies. After applying filters, 875 studies were short-listed for further review. Keywords were further refined to yield more relevant studies on the topic. The findings are expected to determine the extent of the knowledge gap in the applications of computational methods in PHFs for any traditional medicine across the world. The study can provide answers to open research questions related to the phytochemical identification of PHFs, criteria for target identification, strategies applied for in silico studies, software used, and challenges in adopting in silico methods for understanding the mechanisms of action of PHFs. This study can thus provide a better understanding of the application and types of in silico methods for investigating PHFs. PRR1-10.2196/56646.

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by various ethnic tribes of Mizoram, India.

Mizoram has a diverse range of ethnic and cultural groups, including the Lushai, Mara, Lai, Bawm, Hmar, Chakma, and Bru. Through practice and experience in their protracted battles with disease and the harsh natural environment, they have amassed rich folk medicine knowledge. The preservation of indigenous knowledge, identification of bioactive compounds, and the eventual discovery of novel medicinal plant species all depend on the documentation of the traditional uses of medicinal plants. Therefore, the present study was designed to document the ethnomedicinal knowledge related to the usage of medicinal plants in Mizoram, India. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants was carried out in 17 villages of 5 districts in Mizoram between September 2022 and January 2023. A total of 128 informants (77 males and 51 females) were interviewed. Information was gathered through field observations, group discussions, and semistructured interviews. The data were presented using descriptive statistics. To assess the importance of medicinal plant species, quantitative indices such as the informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), use value (UV), and cultural index (CI) was used. In our ethnobotanical investigation, 102 medicinal plant species from 95 genera and 58 families were recorded and documented. The majority of them (90 species) were obtained from wild habitats. The majority of the documented species were trees (48), followed by herbs (23 species) and shrubs (21 species). The most common method of preparation was decoction (67 species). Diabetes had the highest ICF value (0.81), followed by cancer, liver problems, and hypertension (0.8). The fidelity level (FL) of indigenous communities in the study area was evaluated to determine the dependability and consistency of herbal drug use. Indigenous knowledge and the variety of medicinal plant species that are used are of great values. The therapeutic applications of documented plants provide fundamental information for additional studies centered on pharmacological investigations and the preservation of the most significant species.

Comprehensive Insights into Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Herbal Approaches for Mitigating Neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's disease [AD] is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and functional impairment. Despite extensive research, the exact etiology remains elusive. This review explores the multifaceted pathophysiology of AD, focusing on key hypotheses such as the cholinergic hypothesis, hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein and Amyloid β hypothesis, oxidative stress hypothesis, and the metal ion hypothesis. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Current treatment options for AD have limitations, prompting the exploration of alternative approaches, including herbal interventions. Cholinesterase inhibitors, targeting the cholinergic hypothesis, have shown modest efficacy in managing symptoms. Blocking Amyloid β [Aβ] and targeting hyperphosphorylated tau protein are under investigation, with limited success in clinical trials. Oxidative stress, implicated in AD pathology, has led to the investigation of antioxidants. Natural products, such as Punica granatum Linn, Radix Scutellariae, and Curcuma longa have demonstrated antioxidant properties, along with anti-inflammatory effects, offering potential neuroprotective benefits. Several herbal extracts, including Ginkgo biloba, Bacopa monnieri, and Withania somnifera, have shown promise in preclinical studies. Compounds like Huperzine A, Melatonin, and Bryostatin exhibit neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms, including cholinergic modulation and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the use of herbal drugs for AD management faces limitations, including standardization issues, variable bioavailability, and potential interactions with conventional medications. Additionally, the efficacy and safety of many herbal products remain to be established through rigorous clinical trials. This review also highlights promising natural products currently in clinical trials, such as Resveratrol and Homotaurine, and their potential impact on AD progression. DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid, has shown cognitive benefits, while Nicotine is being explored for its neuroprotective effects. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of the complex pathophysiology of AD and the exploration of herbal interventions offer a holistic approach to managing this devastating disease. Future research should address the limitations associated with herbal drugs and further evaluate the efficacy of promising natural products in clinical settings.

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОВИ КРЫС С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ВОСПАЛЕНИЕМ МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ СПИНЫ ПРИ КУРСОВОМ ВНУТРИМЫШЕЧНОМ ВВЕДЕНИИ РАСТВОРОВ ЯДА ГЮРЗЫ ЗАКАВКАЗСКОЙ (MACROVIPERA LEBETINA OBTUSA)

An relevant task of modern pharmacology is the search for drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs of the glucocorticoid group has a number of limitations due to pronounced negative effects. The use of herbal anti-inflammatory drugs often has a delayed effect. In this case, the anti-inflammatory effect is manifested in the later stages of the pathological process. For this reason, it seems interesting to us to use a solution of poison obtained from gyurza (Macrovipera lebetina obtusa) as an alternative therapy for chronic inflammatory processes. Earlier in our work, the ability of solutions of these poisons to reduce inflammation was shown. This effect was found both in native venom solutions and in those heated to 55оС. In this work, the effect of venom solutions was studied after a course of intramuscular administration. The criteria for anti-inflammatory action were blood counts in experimental chronic inflammation caused by acetic acid. Inflammation was modeled by injecting 0.5 ml of 9% acetic acid solution under the skin of the back and intraperitoneal administration of 1 ml of 10% Rheopolyglukin solution to white outbred male rats. Diclofenac in injections was chosen as a comparison drug. The assessment of clinical blood parameters was carried out on an automatic hematology analyzer BC 2800vet (Mindray). The positive dynamics of the course of the chronic aseptic inflammatory process has been revealed. A more positive dynamics of the course of the chronic aseptic inflammatory process was revealed in groups of animals receiving solutions of native venom.

Use of herbal medicine during pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women with access to public healthcare in west Shewa zone, Central Ethiopia: sequential mixed-method study

ObjectiveThis study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of herbal drug use among pregnant women with access to modern medicine and associated factors in public health facilities in the west...

Understanding the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview of Ayurvedic and Traditional Formulations used for COVID-19

COVID-19, a severe global catastrophe spread by the corona-virus which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as one of the most dangerous transmitted diseases. Natural products and their use in respiratory infections with low toxicity is seen. In the present scenario health care system is turning to medicinal plant products. Herbal medicine includes multiple active constituents for a variety of diseases, but proper information is needed for the preparation of herbal regimens; otherwise, active constituents would be negatively affected. So this keep in mind, Standardization parameter like ash value, acid insoluble value, acid value saponification value is discussed here. Ayurvedic Formulation like Aswagandha, Giloy, Tulsi, Neem, clove, pepper, Licorice is standardized for their quality, purity, inorganic content and lack of chemical constituents which causes severe problem after administration. Many preclinical and clinical trials conducted to evaluate the effect of herbal drugs which can cure and prevent the COVID-19. The herbal constituent extracted from different plant part is standardized like stem, root, leaves for their qualitative analysis which is effective against COVID-19. This review article discussing about the quality and purity and tell about the pros and cons of the herbal drug and its effect. The use of herbal drug for Ayurvedic formulation show potent effect for mild, moderate and severe effect of COVID-19 , inflammation ,respiratory distress , cough , cold and loss of senses . Some Ayurvedic formulation which is present in market is guduchi, giloy ghanvati, tulsi ghanvati, neem ghanvati, aswagandha ghanvati, yasthimadhu, laxmivilas rasa, sudarshan ghanvati etc . Which is having great effect in these type of COVID-19 symptoms.

Multifaceted Neuroprotective Role of Punicalagin: A Review.

Millions of people worldwide are currently afflicted with neurologic conditions like a seizure, depression, stress, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. However, the precise etiopathology of these diseases is still unknown. Substantial studies are being conducted to discover more treatments against these disorders because many patients do not experience the therapeutic benefits that would be expected from using existing pharmaceutical strategies. Herbal medicines which have been used in traditional medicine for millennia to treat various neurological problems are also being investigated and scientifically assessed. Punicalagin is a known polyphenol that has significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-proliferative, and anti-cancer properties. Around the world, traditional use of herbal drugs is gaining wider acceptance as a part of complementary and alternative medicine. The scientific community should pay attention to these many neuroprotective pharmacodynamic activities of Punicalagin to create effective pharmacotherapeutic plans, as evidenced by mounting data in pre-clinical research investigations. The current review describes the recent studies on the pharmacological effects of Punicalagin in a variety of neurological illnesses and paves the way for further study in this field.

Comparison of activity test of ethanol extract and palm root infusion (Arenga pinnata) as an aphrodisiac

The palm tree (Arenga pinnata) contains secondary metabolites such as saponins, phenols, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that can be used as medicine, particularly as an aphrodisiac. Aphrodisiacs are natural substances, medications, or herbal supplements that have the potential to increase sexual arousal. The use of herbal aphrodisiac drugs has been increasing year by year in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the aphrodisiac activity of palm root water extract (Arenga pinnata) in test animals (Web Wiester mice). The preparation of the extract begins with the processing of palm roots, which are then made into an infusion of palm root water (Arenga pinnata). The method of making the palm extract uses infusion and maceration techniques. The aphrodisiac potential test was conducted in vivo using 32 Web Wiester mice, which were divided into 5 groups; the dosage was determined by dividing the mice into five groups (positive control, negative control, 0.5 ml infusion, 1 ml infusion, and extract). The characterization of aphrodisiac properties in the extract included testing the libido of mice (Mus musculus). The results showed that the extract test group with a dose of 250 Mg/KgBW had the highest mating retention among the other test groups.

The Use of Arabic Gum in Treatment of Patients with Chronic Gingivitis: A Clinical Trial

Chronic gingivitis is a well known periodontal disease. Bacterial plaque plays a key role in the pathogenic initiation and progression of periodontal disease. More attention directed toward the use of herbal drugs to treat them. Arabic or Acacia gum as mouthwash pharmaceutical preperation used in this study to manage thirty patients complaining from chronic gingivitis, age range from 20 to 45 years old with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. The patients followed at baseline, day 7th, 30th and 60th . Results show that Arabic gum mouthwash found to be effective in controlling dental plaque level and inflammation those causing periodentitis.

Frequency and importance of herbal use among presurgical patients: A prospective cohort study

Aim: Herbal medicine has been used by humankind since ancient times. However, its popularity has increased in the last 20-30 years. In addition to the production, presentation and marketing of herbal medicines, their effects on the body are also very complex. Uncertainty about the effects of these drugs on the body has increased the importance of pre-anesthetic evaluation. To determine the frequency of herbal drug use in patients presenting for preoperative evaluation and to highlight its importance in anesthetic practice.Method: It was designed as a prospective study with observational-analytical character. Patients over 12 years of age presenting to the Anesthesia Outpatient Clinic of our hospital for pre-anesthetic assessment were interviewed about their use of herbal medicines for 2 months. Patients who used herbal medicines were asked about the medicines they used.Results: A total of 2712 patients were evaluated. Of the patients attending the outpatient clinic, 2367 were over 12 years of age. The use of herbal drugs was found to be 1.18% (n=28). Among the patients who used herbal medicines, 53.6% were female and the mean age was 52.18±15.87 years. The most commonly used herbal medicines were black cumin, green tea, ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, and olive leaf.Conclusions: The use of herbal medicines may be much higher than detected in patients presenting for pre-anesthetic examination. As the effects of herbal products are very uncertain, they may interact with anesthetic drugs. They can prolong bleeding time, increase blood pressure and cause heart problems. For these reasons, they should be closely questioned in the pre-anesthetic examination and discontinued before surgery.

In vivo and In vitro Model for Evaluation of Anti-microbial activity: A Review

The rates of infectious diseases have significantly increased in recent years. So need for production, evaluation and standardization of new antimicrobial agents has also increased. The major problem of resistance towards antibacterial, antiviral, etc drugs is also posing a great threat to human beings as many bacteria, viruses and fungi have become resistant to commonly used drugs. However, microbes are also useful for us in our basic physiological functions, for example: digestion, so we also need to make sure the new molecules of antimicrobials do not cause harm to our natural microbial flora. In this review, we have tried to assemble some In-Vivo and In-vitro Model for evaluating Antimicrobial agents. Classifications of antibacterials, antivirals and antifungals have been displayed in an easy way. The use of herbal drugs is displayed in a tabular manner and finally the evaluation parameters have been discussed.