Herbal Compounds Research Articles

Tips and tricks of anorectal care with topical lidocaine (octose-dan) administration: retrospective, anecdotical, spontaneous, and observational study.

The local symptomatic treatment of anorectal diseases encloses a wide variety of creams, ointments, suppositories, irrigation fluids etc, based essentially on anaesthetics, antioedema, phlebotomids, keratolytic and coating agents, anti-inflammatories, steroids, aiming at achieving fast improvement and at least partial pain remission especially soon after stool. Unfortunately, the method of blending different chemicals pooled in a single formulation often prevents the full curative effect of each active principle: in fact, the stechiometric balance of these melting pots does not achieve the full dose-effect of each one; furtherly the patients would be warned to use only effective evidence-based products, preventing the risk of skin and mucosa sen-sitization in the long run when different chemical or herbal compounds are together administered. On the basis of the literature review, we focused our study on a single drug-medication whose properties go beyond the classic anaesthetic claim: lidocaine 5%. In our anecdotical, spontaneous, and observational study, 30 patients both sexes (15 males and 15 females), recruited from the Second Opinion Medical Consulting Network for a spontaneous anecdotical post marketing evaluation of grade 1,2,3 haemorrhoids (n=23), anal fistulas (n=2) and fissures (n=5) treatment with a 5% lidocaine ointment (Octosedan Laboratori Baldacci S.p.A., Italy) for two months; the primary endpoints of the investigation were tolerability and effectiveness to relieve pain, itching, soiling and discomfort at rest or during and after stool emission. The most commonly reported symptom was bleeding, present in 20 patients with prevalence in women. In 13 patients (43,33%) the "wet anus" with or without soiling was present, while 12 patients (40%) complained of intermittent itching. In 7 patients (23,33%) hemorrhoidal thrombosis with prevalent (6/ 7) heavy pain, was recorded. 28/30 treated patients had significantly symptom impro-vement (p<0.0001), 10 (33,33%) patients were addressed to surgical therapy for persistence of symptoms, (7 at the end of the therapeutic cycle 3, spontaneously asking to anticipate surgery before the end of the trial) 4 clinical cases fairly improved but accepted a further surgical revaluation three months later. Of the 19 patients previously treated with flavonoids or heparinoid therapy with unsatisfactory results, 9 (30%) participants found benefit from the new treatment. Of the 5 patients whose anal fissures healed primarily, only 1 patient developed a recurrent fissure within 6 months. Octosedan administration relieved the pain after 5 days with a tolerable life quality and promoted fissures healing in one month. No adverse effects of the treatment were recorded. The local symptomatic treatment of haemorrhoids grade one, two, three and of the fissures, and the fistulas with the plain formula: lidocaine 5%; excipient: cetilic acid macrogol, water;( gently administered into and around the anal verge 3-5 minutes before voiding the bowel and reapplied soon after having cleaned and rinsed the anus&perineal area with neutral liquid soap for two months of treatment,) showed highly significant effect (p<0.0001) and highlights the quality of monotherapy on multiple steps of anorectal care.

Updates on Tropical Medicinal Plant Tinospora cordifolia as an Antimicrobial Shrub to Combat Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are a universal issue with high death rates caused by several pathogens. It makes it obligatory to explore novel antimicrobial drugs to cure lung infections. Phytochemicals, which are herbal compounds found in plants, exhibit antimicrobial properties and contain substances like tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, etc. Now, researchers have opted for novel strategies for drug invention through the screening of medicinal plants. These plants offer a lavish source of new structures and phyto moieties, making them precious in the development of effective treatments. Many current researchers recommend medicinal plant formulations to cure different respiratory disorders. Among these are &lt;i&gt;Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (T. cordifolia)&lt;/i&gt; shrubs. The plant &lt;i&gt;T. cordifolia&lt;/i&gt; is mainly claimed for its antispasmodic, antipyretic, antineoplastic, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, immunopotentiating, and hepatoprotective pharmacological properties. This review provides insight into &lt;i&gt;T. cordifolia&lt;/i&gt;, which plays a significant role in combating infectious ailments and its significance in maintaining the health of mankind. This review article recapitulates the plant TC and specifies different bioactive components that showed antimicrobial action. The present study outlined various investigations that have been done on &lt;i&gt;T. cordifolia&lt;/i&gt;, i.e., in-silico, toxicity, and antimicrobial, which will explore the opportunity in the development of novel medications against microbial infections. In addition, this study depicts the application of &lt;i&gt;T. cordifolia&lt;/i&gt; in culinary, beverage and marketed products that were found helpful in the treatment of various disorders and also focuses on recent updates of &lt;i&gt;T. cordifolia&lt;/i&gt;. The literature acknowledges that this natural antimicrobial plant will help to lay the foundation for upgrading exhaustive pharmacological and pharmaceutical studies to better understand the clinical relevance and application of &lt;i&gt;T. cordifolia&lt;/i&gt; in the prevention and treatment of life-threatening respiratory infections.

P0958 Curcumin-QingDai combination for active ulcerative colitis: A cost-effectiveness analysis

Abstract Background A combination of two herbal compounds, curcumin and QingDai (CurQD), was recently proposed as an effective treatment for patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) based on randomized controlled and real-world evidence, but no cost-effectiveness analysis for this nutraceutical is currently available Methods A Markov model was generated to simulate the progression of patients with moderate-to-severe UC, by separate analysis for a cohort of advanced therapy-naïve and advanced therapy-experienced patients. Medications costs were derived from published average wholesale price (AWP) in the US. Efficacy data was modeled by synthesis of efficacy reports of randomized placebo-controlled trials and real-world cohort studies of all FDA-approved drugs for UC, and each compared with CurQD. The model used a time horizon of 54 weeks. The threshold of 50,000$/quality adjusted life-year (QALY) was chosen, and a one-way sensitivity analysis was performed for testing analysis robustness. Results The comparison of CurQD with the FDA approved advanced therapies for UC yielded an estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of over 200,000$/QALY for all comparisons. Differences ranged from -0.05 to a slight gain of 0.07 QALY in bio-experienced patients and from -0.1 to 0.04 QALY in bio-naïve patients. The one- way sensitivity analysis proved the robustness of the analysis. Conclusion The present analysis suggests that the markedly reduced cost and demonstrated efficacy of CurQD provides a significant cost-effectiveness benefit over advanced therapies for active UC, including over anti-TNF biosimilars.

Characteristics of Aurora Kinase A-Mediated Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer and Mining of Active Compounds From Chinese Herbs

To investigate the effects of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) on the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to predict the active compounds in Chinese herbs that can target AURKA. Based on the transcriptomic data and clinical information from 380 CRC tissues and 51 paracancerous tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the infiltration of different cells in the tumor tissues was analyzed using xCell and the binding of active compounds of Chinese herbs with AURKA was predicted through molecular docking. The expression of AURKA was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared with that in paracancerous tissues (P < 0.05), and CRC patients with high AURKA expression had shorter overall survival. Compared with the AURKA low-expression group, the abundance of macrophages, monocytes, and effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly downregulated in the AURKA high-expression group (P < 0.05). In addition, the cytotoxicity of T cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that AURKA expression was positively correlated with the abundance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the expression levels of their chemokines CXCL2 and CXCL5 (P < 0.05). Genes that were differentially expressed between the AURKA high- and low-expression groups were mainly enriched in monocyte migration, chemokine-induced cellular responses, and other related processes. Chinese herbal compounds, including hesperidin, aristololactam A Ⅱa, anacardic acid, coumestrol, and 17β -estradiol, all showed binding energies to AURKA lower than -1.2 kcal/mol, indicating a certain level of binding stability. Among these Chinese herbal compounds, 17β-estradiol exhibited the best binding stability to AURKA-3UOL. The high expression of AURKA in CRC tissues suggests a poor clinical prognosis. AURKA can promote the development of a suppressive immune microenvironment in CRC, and 17β-estradiol, an active compound from Chinese herbs, is a potential therapeutic agent targeting AURKA.

Transcriptome profiling of aged-mice ovaries administered with individual ingredients of Samul-tang

Samul-tang (SM) is a traditional multi-ingredient herbal formula that is widely used in clinical practice for treating female infertility. Despite its known therapeutic benefits, the complexity of its action mechanisms owing to the combination of multiple compounds has limited its research and integration into modern pharmacological science. To address this challenge, we identified 38 herbal compounds as the major ingredients in SM and generated their transcriptome data from aged-mice ovaries by administering these individual compounds. This dataset provides a resource for investigating the action mechanisms of SM and assist in identifying effective combinations of ingredients that can reproduce the therapeutic effects of SM.

Joint exploration of network pharmacology and metabolomics on the effects of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in weaned yaks.

Chinese herbal medicines are relatively inexpensive and have fewer side effects, making them an effective option for improving health and treating diseases. As a result, they have gained more attention in recent years. The weaning period is a critical stage in the life of yaks, often inducing stress in calves. Weaning stress, along with dietary changes, can lead to a decline in physical fitness and immune function, making yaks more susceptible to diarrhea and resulting in high mortality rates during this period. Therefore, our study aimed to address this issue by incorporating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas into the diet of yaks during the weaning period. Following a dialectical analysis, three TCM formulas, mainly composed of Paeonia lactiflora, Coptis chinensis, and Dandelion, were identified for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune enhancing potentials. We explored the possible molecular mechanisms of these TCM formulas using network pharmacology analysis and investigated their effects on the physiology of yaks through metabolomics. Network pharmacology analysis revealed several key target proteins in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between three formulas and immune-related genes, including PIK3R1, PIK3CA, JAK2, PTK2, and PYPN11. The key target proteins in the PPI network associated with metabolism-related genes included ENPP1, CYP1A1, PTGS1, members of the CYP1 family, and EPHX2. GO analysis of co-targets revealed highly enriched pathways such as protein phosphorylation, plasma membrane, and one-carbon metabolic processes. Metabolomics revealed significant changes in the abundance of metabolites including dimethyl sulfoxide, tyrphostin A25, and thromboxane A2 in the intestines of weaned yaks supplemented with these Chinese herbal compounds. Significant changes were also observed in pathways such as vitamin A metabolism, chloroalkane, and chloroalkene degradation. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that TCM formulas improve the physical fitness of weaned yaks by enhancing antioxidant capacity, boosting immunity, and reducing intestinal inflammation. This study preliminarily elucidates the pharmacological mechanisms by which TCM formulas prevent diarrhea and improve physical fitness in weaned yaks through metabolomics and network pharmacology, paving the way for further evaluation of the effectiveness of these three formulas.

Prebiotics as modulators of colonic calcium and magnesium uptake.

Ca2+ and Mg2+ are essential nutrients, and deficiency can cause serious health problems. Thus, lack of Ca2+ and Mg2+ can lead to osteoporosis, with incidence rising both in absolute and age-specific terms, while Mg2+ deficiency is associated with type II diabetes. Prevention via vitamin D or estrogen is controversial, and the bioavailability of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from supplements is significantly lower than that from milk products. Problems are likely to increase as populations age and the number of people on vegan diets surges. Developing new therapeutic strategies requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in absorption by intestinal epithelia. The vitamin-D dependent, active pathway for the uptake of Ca2+ from the upper small intestine involving TRPV6 is highly efficient but only accounts for about 20% of total uptake. Instead, most Ca2+ uptake is thought to occur via passive paracellular diffusion across the ileum, although sufficiently high luminal concentrations are difficult to achieve.. Interestingly, colon and caecum also have a considerable capacity for the active absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+, the molecular mechanisms of which are unclear. Intriguingly, stimulating fermentation by prebiotics enhances colonic absorption, which can rise from ~10% to ~30% of the total. Notably, fermentation releases protons, which inhibits channels highly selective for Ca2+ and Mg2+ (TRPV6 and TRPM6/TRPM7). Conversely, the non-selective cation channel TRPV3 is stimulated by both intracellular acidification and by numerous herbal compounds. Spicy, fiber-rich food, as traditionally consumed in many cultures, might enhance the uptake of Ca2+ and Mg2+ via this pathway.

Rauwolfia serpentina in P-Glycoprotein Inhibition of Cancer &amp; Diabetes - A Computational Study

Background: The efficient treatment of cancer and diabetes is often constrained by reduced permeation of chemotherapeutic and antidiabetic medications due to p-glycoprotein-mediated efflux, impeding their therapeutic potential and necessitating higher doses or prolonged treatments, which can lead to increased toxicity and financial burden. Ayurveda, an ancient holistic healthcare system, advocates the use of herbal remedies for various ailments. Objective: This study aims to explore the potential of Rauwolfia serpentina and other selected antidiabetic and anticancer medicinal herbs as inhibitor of p-glycoprotein. Materials and Methods: Druggability and pharmacokinetic profile of 185 herbal constituents were evaluated and their binding affinity were interpreted against 6C0V structure of p-glycoprotein utilizing molecular docking with CDOCKER program of Discovery Studio. The stability of the docked complex was validated using molecular dynamics simulation for 40 nanoseconds. ChemMine software was employed for clustering p-glycoprotein herbal inhibitors against standard drug verapamil on the basis of physicochemical properties. Results: Docking analyses revealed that deserpidine and ajmalicine from Rauwolfia serpentina exhibited strong favourable binding interactions with p-glycoprotein, along with other herbal compounds viz., hydrastine from Hydrastis canadensis, palmatine from Tinospora cordifolia and hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester from Ipomoea aquatica. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of combining Rauwolfia serpentina and other medicinal herbs with allopathic drugs to augment their bioavailability and efficacy, providing a novel avenue for advancing therapeutic strategies in oncology and diabetes management. Further experimental validation is necessary to confirm the clinical relevance of these findings.

PPARG/SPP1/CD44 signaling pathway in alveolar macrophages: Mechanisms of lipid dysregulation and therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

PPARG/SPP1/CD44 signaling pathway in alveolar macrophages: Mechanisms of lipid dysregulation and therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Anticancer Effectivity of Nanocrystals Derived from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Peel Extract on Leukemia HL-60 Cells

Leukemia, characterized by abnormal leukocyte proliferation, ranks ninth in Indonesia as the most common cancer. While treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation effectively target cancer cells, they also risk damaging healthy blood cells. This has spurred interest in exploring low-toxicity herbal compounds as potential therapies, with mangosteen peel emerging as a widely researched option. Nanotechnology, which has the potential to enhance the bioavailability of herbal compounds, is also a focus of extensive research. This study objective was to assess the impact of Mangosteen Peel Nanocrystal (MPN) on HL-60 leukemia cells by analyzing various parameters, including cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, senescence, and gene expression changes. MPN was prepared with high-speed milling and characterized using particle size analyzers, microscopy, and stability assessments. HL-60 cells were cultured and subjected to MPN treatment. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using WST-8 assays, ROS levels were assessed using flow cytometry, and senescence analyses using Senescence-Associated b-Galactosidase Staining. AKT and FLT-1 gene expression were determined via qRT-PCR. MPN has been successfully characterized as a nanoparticle based on size, stability, and morphology. MPN has an impact on leukemia cells by increasing cytotoxicity, decreasing ROS levels, inducing senescence, and modulating AKT and FLT-1 gene expressions. The findings suggest potential implications for MPN in targeting leukemia cells. The study sheds light on the promising effects of MPN in leukemia cell models, indicating its potential applications in targeting cancer cells, inducing senescence, decreasing ROS levels, and modulating gene expressions related to cell survival and proliferation.

Yiqi Jianpi Kangai Decoction Enhances the Chemotherapy Effect by Inducing Apoptosis and Regulating Treg and Th17 Cells in Colorectal Cancer Mice Model with Spleen Qi Deficiency.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is widely prevalent worldwide and its incidence is increasing. Chemotherapy is an important treatment method for colorectal cancer in addition to surgery, but it often causes physical and mental pain to patients due to its side effects. TCM emphasizes evidence-based treatment and a holistic concept, and the combination of TCM and chemotherapy can reduce chemotherapy side effects, improve chemotherapy efficacy, and enhance patients' immunity. Yiqi Jianpi Kangai Decoction (YQJP) has been used clinically to treat patients with advanced colorectal cancer and may improve their immune function and prognosis. However, its mechanism has not been elucidated. The study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of YQJP on enhancing the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy on spleen qi deficiency type CRC mice. We used HPLC/MS to characterize the active substance components in YQJP. We established the spleen qi deficiency model induced by using the compound methods of diarrhea of bitter and cold, starvation, and full and excessive labor. and then inoculated CT-26 mouse colon cancer cells subcutaneously to establish the CRC Mice. We also evaluated the efficacy and mechanism of YQJP by using oral Yiqi Jianpi Kangai Decoction combined with an intraperitoneal injection of chemotherapeutic drugs (FOLFOX regimen). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of YQJP by observing the general condition (body weight, tumor size, food intake, hair condition, stool condition), HE staining, blood routine, and organ index of the mice. The expression of CD8+, CD4+ T cells, Th17 cells, and Treg cells in the tumor and spleen were detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of IL-17, IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β in the tumor were detected by ELISA; the expression of Ki-67, PCNA, RORγt and FOXP3 proteins in the tumor was detected by immunohistochemistry. YQJP contains 7 herbal compounds, which can effectively improve body weight, spleen condition, and bone marrow suppression in tumor-bearing mice inhibit tumor growth, and do not damage tissues and organs, which initially confirmed the anti-cancer effect and safety of YQJP. Further experiments showed that YQJP could elevate the proportion of CD8+, CD4+ T cells in the spleen, increase the proportion of Th17 cells in the tumor tissue of mice, and decrease the level of Treg cells. It can inhibit the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA. Meanwhile, it promotes the expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ and inhibits the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β. In addition, it can reduce the relative expression of FOXP3 and increase the relative expression of RORγt. The combination of YQJP with chemotherapy had the effect of tumor suppression and enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy in the spleen qi deficiency CRC mice. The related mechanism may be related to inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis of tumor cells, increasing Th17 cells in tumor tissues, and decreasing Treg cell expression to improve the tumor microenvironment.

A Panoramic Review on the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis through Herbalism.

Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. The conventional treatment options for arthritis often come with limitations and potential side effects, leading to increased interest in herbal plants as alternative therapies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the use of herbal plants in arthritis treatment, focusing on their traditional remedies, active components, mechanisms of action, and pharmaceutical approaches for enhancing their delivery. Various herbal plants, including turmeric, ginger, Boswellia, and willow bark, have shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, making them valuable options for managing arthritis symptoms. The active components of these herbal plants, such as curcumin, gingerols, and boswellic acids, contribute to their therapeutic effects. To enhance the delivery of herbal medicines, pharmaceutical approaches like nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, microneedles, and inhalation systems have been explored. These approaches aim to improve bioavailability, targeted delivery, and controlled release of herbal compounds. Safety considerations, including potential interactions with medications and the risk of allergic reactions, are also discussed. Future perspectives for this field involve conducting well-designed clinical studies, enhancing standardization and quality control measures, exploring novel drug delivery systems, and fostering collaborations between traditional medicine practitioners and healthcare professionals. Continued research and development in these areas will help unlock the full potential of herbal plants in arthritis treatment, offering personalized and effective care for affected individuals.

Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivo studies.

Sleep impacts the well-being and quality of life of millions. Given conventional pharmacotherapy's limitations and side effects, the quest for adequate and proper sleep promotion is imperative. This study aims to identify a suitable and effective compound for sleep by examining qualified herbal compounds in the PubChem database using in silico methods. Ultimately, the extracted compound (ginkgetin, a bioactive flavonoid from Ginkgo biloba) through molecular docking by considering the GABAA receptors will be evaluated through the in vivo method in an animal model to serve as proof for the findings from the molecular docking process. Utilizing a comprehensive approach, this research employed molecular docking to screen 2299 phytochemicals for their affinity towards the GABAA receptor, focusing on the GABA, benzodiazepine, and steroid-binding sites. Ginkgetin emerged as a top candidate due to its high binding affinity. Subsequent in vivo electrophysiological assessments in rats treated with G. biloba extract containing ginkgetin evaluated alterations in sleep architecture, REM, and NREM sleep phases. Molecular docking identified ginkgetin as possessing the highest binding affinity among the screened phytochemicals. In vivo studies corroborated these findings, demonstrating that rats treated with Ginkgo biloba extract significantly enhanced REM and NREM sleep compared to controls. Ginkgetin, derived from G. biloba, shows promising potential as a novel therapeutic agent for sleep disorders, supported by its strong affinity to key receptor sites and its efficacy in modulating sleep architecture in vivo. These findings contribute to the expanding evidence base for the therapeutic use of G. biloba in sleep promotion and underscore the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical applicability of ginkgetin in sleep disorder treatment.

Phytosomes: nature’s secret to enhanced bioavailability

Background: Medicinal herbs have long been used for treating various ailments, with plant-derived compounds recognized for their therapeutic benefits and minimal side effects compared to conventional medicines. However, issues with the bioavailability of active herbal components have limited their effectiveness. Phytosomes, or herbosomes, are a drug delivery technology that enhances the absorption and bioavailability of these plant-based compounds, providing a potential solution for maximizing the medicinal efficacy of herbal ingredients. Method: Phytosome complexes are synthesized by combining plant extracts with phospholipids in specific molar ratios, typically 1:1, to create a more stable and bioavailable formulation. Common preparation methods include solvent evaporation, supercritical fluid extraction, and lyophilization. Each technique is optimized to improve the stability, solubility, and therapeutic action of the phytosomes. Results and discussion: Phytosome technology has shown significant improvements in the bioavailability of phytochemicals, such as silymarin and curcumin, enhancing their pharmacological effects. Applications of phytosomes span various therapeutic areas, including cancer treatment, rheumatism, wound healing, and respiratory conditions. Studies indicate that phytosomes improve drug stability, absorption, and targeted delivery, effectively managing complex diseases with reduced side effects. Conclusion: Phytosomes represent a promising advancement in natural medicine by addressing bioavailability challenges associated with herbal compounds. The improved formulation techniques and broad applications suggest a bright future for phytosome-based therapies, especially in areas where conventional treatments may have limitations. Further research and development in phytosome technology could lead to enhanced clinical outcomes and expand the use of herbal remedies in modern medicine.

Bioenhancer Herbs: Natural Agents for Optimizing Drug Efficacy and Bioavailability

This review article explores the role of herbal bioenhancers in improving drug bioavailability, a crucial factor for therapeutic efficacy. Drug bioavailability is often limited by poor solubility, low membrane permeability, and metabolic degradation. Traditional and modern approaches have developed various methods to address these barriers, including the use of herbal bioenhancers, which naturally augment the absorption and therapeutic effects of drugs without producing pharmacological effects themselves. Key bioenhancers include piperine, curcumin, and ginger, which act by inhibiting metabolic enzymes like cytochrome P450 and efflux proteins such as P-glycoprotein, thereby increasing drug concentration at target sites. This article reviews bioenhancer mechanisms, highlighting how specific herbal compounds like ginger, turmeric, and aloe vera can enhance the bioavailability of drugs used in treating chronic conditions like tuberculosis, cancer, and infections. The benefits of bioenhancers extend beyond enhanced efficacy to reduced dosages, minimized side effects, and lower costs, making them an attractive adjunct in therapeutic formulations. However, challenges remain in scaling up production and ensuring regulatory compliance, especially in the context of novel drug delivery systems like nanoparticles and liposomes. This review consolidates recent findings on bioenhancer efficacy and presents an outlook on future research and clinical application, emphasizing the promise of bioenhancers in optimizing pharmacotherapy.

Exploring Herbal Compounds as Targeted Therapies for Breast Cancer: Insights from Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, MD Simulation, ADME-Toxicity and DFT Profiles.

Herbal compounds sourced from various plants are becoming targeted therapies for breast cancer. This study aims to explore the potential of focusing on herbal compounds as targeted therapies for breast cancer using computational techniques. A total of 129 herbal compounds linked with breast cancer were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database. Molecular docking and MD simulation were carried out against three protein targets linked with breast cancer. Network pharmacology was used to identify the common plant sources for the bioactive compounds, and interaction networks were constructed. The ADME-toxicity profiles and density functional theory (DFT) analysis were calculated for the top docking hits. Dipiperitylmagnolol and sophoranone were identified as the top docking hits and lead compounds. Network pharmacology analysis revealed Magnolia species as the common plant sources having multiple bioactive compounds. MD simulation analysis revealed conformational stability of the top docking hits. The analyses underscore the robust binding potential of dipiperitylmagnolol and its possible therapeutic relevance in targeting breast cancer pathways. ADME-toxicity and DFT analysis provided insights into the pharmacokinetic and electronic behavior of the top docking hit. Combinatorial study of herbal therapies with conventional treatments will increase the therapeutic efficacy for breast cancer treatment. The study provides insights into the implications of herbal compounds as targeted therapy for breast cancer. Therefore, the study recommends further experimental validation and development of herbal-based compounds for the treatment of breast cancer.

A The Role of Phytosomes in Drug Delivery

The term "phytosome" is derived from two words: "phyto," meaning plant, and "some," meaning cell. Phytosomes are used as delivery systems similar to liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, and autosomes. Recent research has focused on developing transdermal methods as an easy and effective way to deliver herbal compounds. Plant-based products have been widely used as food supplements to treat inflammation, poisoning, cancer, weight loss, and other acute and chronic disorders. However, plant products often face challenges such as stability issues and poor bioavailability. Phytosome technology addresses these challenges to a significant extent. The transdermal applications of phytosomes for cosmetic purposes have been well established. Currently, phytosome formulations are used to enhance the bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs, antioxidants, drug delivery through the skin, and wound healing.

Synergistic Fusion: Enhancing Herbal Potency with Phytosome Technology

This review explores the innovative integration of Phytosome technology to augment the effectiveness of herbal compounds. Phytosomes are specialized delivery systems that enhance the bioavailability and absorption of herbal extracts by forming molecular complexes with phospholipids. The review highlights the pivotal role of Phytosomes in improving the solubility and permeability of herbal constituents, thereby facilitating their absorption into the bloodstream. By encapsulating herbal molecules within phospholipid layers, Phytosomes shield them from degradation and metabolic processes, prolonging their presence in the body and enhancing their pharmacological activity. Furthermore, the review underscores the versatility of phytosome technology in enhancing the efficacy of various herbal extracts ranging from traditional remedies to modern herbal supplements. Through case studies and empirical evidence, the paper illustrates how the synergistic fusion of phytosomes with herbal compounds leads to superior therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional formulations. Moreover, the review discusses the potential applications of synergistic fusion in diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. It emphasizes the significance of this approach in addressing challenges related to poor bioavilability and inconsistent efficacy encountered with conventional herbal preparations. A comprehensive overview of the synergistic potential of combining phytosome technology with herbal extracts. It elucidates the mechanisms underlying enhanced bioavailability and efficacy, paving the way for the development of novel herbal formulations with optimized therapeutic benefits.

Introduction to Herbal Drug Used as a Local Anesthetic

Herbal medications were historically studied for possible uses as local anesthetics since they include natural bioactive components with analgesic and numbing characteristics. Plants such as Echinacea, Capsicum, Corydalis, and Clove have shown promising results in preclinical tests for their capacity to block nerve transmission and relieve pain when applied topically. These herbal medicines frequently interact with the neurological system, either by blocking nerve impulse transmission or by altering the ion channels involved in Pain perception. Herbal local anesthetics have gained popularity as alternatives to synthetic medications since they have been shown to be less harmful and have fewer adverse effects. While herbal medications have benefits, their efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action require additional clinical research to support their use in medical practice. This review investigates the pharmacological features of numerous herbal medicines with local anesthetic effects, highlighting their potential in pain management as well as the difficulties that remain for their clinical application. any herbal remedies contain anesthetic effects. Herbal medicines with local anesthetic qualities include clove, cinchona, datura, thymol, and spilanthes acmella, which are used in medicine and dentistry. However, their potential applications in dentistry have yet to be completely analyzed. Herbal medications have been widely used in traditional medicine for therapeutic purposes, specially as local anesthetics. This review will look at the numerous herbal compounds known for their local anesthetic properties, including their chemical compositions, methods of action, and clinical efficacy

Role of phytochemicals in combating corona - virus infection: A review

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-COV-2), is the most important health issue, all over the world. Few successful vaccines have been approved till now against SARS-COV-2. Phytochemicals, also called phytonutrients are compounds in plant foods that can be helpful in various chronic diseases. It brings hope for human health during this pandemic, and a great deal of research is concentrated on it. Phytochemicals have been used as antiviral agents against several viruses via different mechanisms of direct inhibition either at the viral entry point or the replication stages and via immunomodulation potentials. The last three years are evidence of detailed and focused investigations on the biologically active constituents derived from medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2. The curious and outstanding results of these investigations have emerged the medical and plant experts in pharmacognosy (study of medicinal plants and other natural substances sources of drugs) enough to regard as herbal medicines and plant-based products as they are more effective in combating the COVID-19 crisis. This review discusses the potential of medicinal plants and herbal compounds for treating COVID-19 in the present and the future. These compounds are a natural and sustainable alternative for the treatment of COVID-19. The current article evaluates the various strong evidences from biochemical and molecular studies that have been investigated so far for the development of herbal formulations to combat COVID-19 with detailed focus on the most potential phytochemicals of medicinal plants studied in this regard namely, Withania somnifera, Cinchona officinalis, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Azadirachta indica and Tinospora cordifolia.