Herbal Oils Research Articles

Formulation & Evaluation of Perfume based on Herbal Oils: A Review

Abstract: Essential oil from lavender flowers and tea tree leaves was extracted using the processes of distillation, maceration, and steam distillation. Perfume extraction is the process of removing aromatic components from basic materials. In order to create a natural perfume, this study set out to extract essential oils from particular fragrant and therapeutic plants, flowers, and leaves. Aromatic essential oils are derived from plants in the Myrtaceous family, such as lavender and Melaleuca alternifolia. Aromatic essential oils are mostly composed of linalool, 1,8-cineole, linalyl acetate, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, p-cymene, and α-pinene. Numerous studies have also been conducted to ensure that it is safe for human use and to lessen the likelihood of instability and discomfort. One of lavender's main advantages is its ability to encourage calm without making people feel sleepy. By regulating the body's fight-or-flight reaction, lavender not only promotes mental serenity but also lowers anxiety. Lavender essential oil has demonstrated efficacy in lowering stress, while tea tree oil has relaxing properties that aid in relaxation, stress relief, and improved sleep quality. Research has shown that aromatherapy can help reduce tension, and tea tree oil is a very useful essential oil for this purpose. To create a natural scent for body splashes or air fresheners, you can substitute some essential oils for others. However, it is essential to perform more toxicological analyses on the product before proceeding

Herbal and Dietary Supplements as Adjunctive Treatment for Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Italy.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several observational studies proved a certain efficacy of nutraceuticals, herbal products, and other dietary supplements as adjuvant therapies used alongside antiviral drugs. Although their use has not been widespread in Italy, according to preliminary evidence, many supplements with demonstrated immunomodulatory effects, such as vitamins C and D, herbal medicines and essential oils, might relieve the respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, since SARS-CoV-2 can activate inflammasome-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways. Other observational studies have shown that herbal treatments, such as Echinacea purpurea and ginseng, help alleviate respiratory symptoms and reduce serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are typically overexpressed in both adult and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients. Further, vitamins C and D can attenuate the immune response thanks to their cytokine suppression ability and to their known antimicrobial activity and potential to modulate T helper cell response. The strong immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection is responsible for the severity of the disease. Preliminary data have also shown that L-arginine, an endothelial-derived relaxing factor, is able to modulate endothelial damage, which appears to be one of the main targets of this systemic disease. Finally, some essential oils and their isolated compounds, such as eucalyptol, may be helpful in reducing many of the respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, although others, such as menthol, are not recommended, since it can lead to an undervaluation of the clinical status of a patient. In this narrative review, despite the lack of strong evidence in this field, we aimed to give an overview of the current available literature (mainly observational and cross-sectional studies) regarding herbal products and dietary supplements and their use in the treatment of mild disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Obviously, dietary supplements and herbal products do not constitute a standardized treatment for COVID-19 disease, but they could represent an adjunctive and useful treatment when used together with antivirals.

Impact of Various Herbal Essential Oil Nanoemulsions on the Freshness and Shelf Life of Minced Meat

Impact of Various Herbal Essential Oil Nanoemulsions on the Freshness and Shelf Life of Minced Meat

Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae causing respiratory tract infections, and the antimicrobial impact of two herbal essential oils

Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae causing respiratory tract infections, and the antimicrobial impact of two herbal essential oils

Characterization of herbal oil with variation of spices ratio (brotowali, clove, cinnamon, kencur, sambiloto) and VCO

Characterization of herbal oil with variation of spices ratio (brotowali, clove, cinnamon, kencur, sambiloto) and VCO

Beneficial Effect of Herbal Oils on the Healing of Traumatic Tendons Injuries: In Vivo Model

Beneficial Effect of Herbal Oils on the Healing of Traumatic Tendons Injuries: In Vivo Model

Review of Herbal Hair Oil

Herbal formulations always have activity and comparatively lesser or no side Effects with synthetic. The growth activity in a concentration range for 1-10% separately.Excellent results of hair growth were seen in formulation prepared by boiling method of oil preparation technique. Natural remedies AR acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effects than synthetic one. Herbal hair oil is one of the most well recognized for hair treatment. Herbal oil not only moisturizes scalp but also reserves dry scalp and dry hair condition. It provides various essential nutrients required to maintain function of sebaceous glands and promotes natural hair growth. Were subjected to test of sensitivity, pH, odour, colour etc. In Ayurveda medicine, herbs are used as an integral part of health care system. Besides healthcare, herbs are also used for beautification of the body and for preparation of various cosmetics and colors .The aim of present study involve spreparation of poly herbal hair oil using fresh leaves of various plants. The prepared herbal oils were subjected to photochemical screening,. The aim of present study involves preparation of poly herbal hair oil. Using the leaves in neem. The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Herbal cosmetics are now-a-days widely used by the common people because of concept of f ewer side effect sand with abettersa wetland security profiles

Effect of Ocimum basiicum L. essential oil microemulsion on the quality of snakehead (Channa argus) under different dipping conditions during cold storage

AbstractBackgroundOcimum basiicum L. essential oil (OBEO) is an herbal essential oil that inhibits microbial activity during food preservation. However, preservation of aquatic products is susceptible to environmental factors. The efficacy of different impregnation techniques was evaluated. In this study, we investigated the application of OBEO in the cold storage process of snakehead fish fillets.ResultsIn terms of microbiological and ammonia content, the best freshness of snakehead fillets was observed under normal impregnation. On the 18th day, the essential oil impregnated group without ultrasonic and vacuum treatment showed a reduction in trimethylamine content by 5.14 mg/100 g, total volatile base nitrogen by 16.32 mg N/100 g, K value by 50.82%, and H2S content by 134.73 mmol/g, as compared to the control group. Similarly, the indexes such as the pH value, free amino acid (FAA) value and ammonia content reflected the bacteriostatic properties of OBEO and the degree of spoilage of snakeheads. In a word, the results showed that although the homogeneity of the emulsion was improved after ultrasonic treatment, it tends to destabilize the snakehead fillets.ConclusionTherefore, this study demonstrated that snakehead fillets exhibited better preservation under normal or vacuum conditions in combination with OBEO impregnation.

A Comprehensive Review of "Herbal Hair Oil: A Natural Remedy for Hair Loss and Scalp Health"

Hair loss is a common condition affecting individuals of all ages and genders, often resulting in psychological distress and reduced quality of life. Herbal hair oils have emerged as a promising alternative to synthetic treatments due to their natural composition, minimal side effects, and holistic benefits. This study explores the formulation and efficacy of herbal hair oil enriched with traditional medicinal plants known for their hair-nourishing properties. Key ingredients, such as Bhringraj (Eclipta alba), Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), Neem (Azadirachta indica), and Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera), are known to promote hair growth, reduce scalp inflammation, and strengthen hair follicles. The oil's mechanism of action involves nourishing the scalp, improving blood circulation, and providing antimicrobial effects to combat dandruff and other scalp infections. Preliminary clinical trials and user feedback suggest that regular application of the herbal oil significantly reduces hair fall, enhances hair density, and improves overall scalp health. This study highlights the potential of herbal hair oils as a safe and effective solution for managing hair loss, with further research warranted to optimize formulations and validate long-term outcomes.

An insight on Vicharchika and its management

The skin serves as the body's interface with the external environment, constantly interacting with physical, chemical, and biological agents. These interactions can lead to specific reaction patterns, resulting in characteristic skin lesions across various body parts. Environmental stimuli vary, and the body's innate resilience determines the occurrence of spontaneous remissions and relapses. In Ayurveda, skin diseases are categorized under Kustha, further divided into Mahakustha and Kshudra Kustha. Vicharchika falls under the latter category. It is characterized by symptoms such as itching (Kandu), eruptions (Pidaka), dark discoloration (Shyva Varna), and excessive discharge (Bahusrava). Charaka Samhita describes Vicharchika with predominance of Kapha, while Sushruta Samhita highlights symptoms indicating Pitta dominance. Vicharchika is regarded as a challenging condition to treat, categorized as a minor skin disorder (Kshudra-Kustha) yet considered a significant health issue. Ayurvedic texts outline various Sodhana (purification) and Shamana (palliative) treatments to balance the Doshas involved in Kustha. Shamana therapies include applications of medicated pastes (Lepa), internal medications (Pradeha), and herbal oils (Taila). Overall, addressing Vicharchika requires a comprehensive approach that integrates Ayurvedic principles with lifestyle modifications aimed at restoring balance and promoting skin health.

Characterization of phytoconstituents of vital herbal oils by GC–MS and LC–MS/MS and their bioactivities

Characterization of phytoconstituents of vital herbal oils by GC–MS and LC–MS/MS and their bioactivities

The synergy of ACC deaminase producing plant growth-promoting microbes provide drought tolerance in Ocimum basilicum L. cv. “Saumya”

The use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms is an effective agricultural practice to improve plant growth, especially under abiotic stress. In this study, the combined impact of three plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) namely Brevibacterium halotolerans (Sd-6), Burkholderia cepacia (Art-7), Bacillus subtilis (Ldr-2) were tested with Trichoderma harzianum (Th) (possessing ACC deaminase producing activity) in Ocimum basilicum L. cv. “Saumya” to reduce drought-induced damages to the plants under different level of drought stress [i.e. well-watered (100 %), moderate (60 %), severe (40 %)]. These PGPB strains, along with Th, were found to be tolerant against osmotic stress when tested in growth media containing different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000), and all were found to endure -0.99 MPa water potential. Compared to non-inoculated control, Th+Ldr-2 treatment improved fresh herb weight (62.45 %) and oil content (61.54 %) and higher photosynthetic rate under severe drought. Besides, in relation to control, the above treatment enhanced nutrient uptake, reduced ABA, ACC as well as ethylene levels and increased IAA content in addition to an increase in important constituents of essential oil, indicating better performance in terms of plant growth under drought. Higher RWC, decreased MDA, and reduced antioxidant activities in Th+Ldr-2 treated plants compared to non-inoculated control under drought support the mechanism of the microbes providing tolerance against drought. Colony forming unit of microbes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study support the effective colonisation behaviour of Th+Ldr-2, which protects plants against drought stress. A consortium of diverse microbes, found to improve plant growth under drought through increased nutrient uptake, reducing the levels of ACC and ABA, improving the content of IAA, antioxidant enzymes probably reducing the effect of drought stress and improving plant biomass could be a useful tool to reduce drought-induced losses in crop plants.

Formulation and Development of Clove and Coriander Combination Herbal Dental Anticaries Gel and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activity

Background:: Dental caries is one of the Periodontal diseases that has been recognized as a major public health problem for decades throughout the world. It occurs in all groups, ethnicities, races, and genders at all socioeconomic levels. Natural remedies are more acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effects than synthetic ones. Clove and coriander oil are established herbal drugs for periodontal diseases. Objective:: This research work was intended to formulate a dental gel containing clove and Coriander as the major constituents and evaluate it for dental caries treatment. Both of the herbal oils have a vast range of antimicrobial activity against a great number of periodontal pathogens; therefore, they are used for periodontitis treatment. Methods:: The combination gel was prepared using carbopol 934 as a gelling agent, clove oil and coriander oil as therapeutic constituents, polyethylene glycol as a co-solvent, methyl paraben and propyl paraben as a preservative and a required quantity of distilled water as vehicle. Results:: The gel was analyzed for various properties like antimicrobial activity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content etc., and it was shown that the combination gel is a satisfactory dosage form that is used in periodontitis treatment. The combination gel revealed the ZI (zone of inhibition) of about 22.05±0.04 mm. Conclusion:: The present study concluded that the combination gel preparations of clove oil and coriander oil reported satisfactory physicochemical properties along with good drug content compared to the single gel preparation.

Unlocking the anti-cancer potential of phytocompounds from essential oils extracted from Cymbopogon martini, Melaleuca alternifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis and Boswellia serrate: in-silico docking and wet lab validation

Cymbopogon martini, Melaleuca alternifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis and Boswellia serrata are medicinal plants that include ingredients that have therapeutic and medicinal phytocompounds endowed with innumerable pharmacological and biological activities. These plants are widely known for producing herbal essential oils (EOs) that are used as traditional and complementary medicine to cure various ailments. This study aimed in-silico docking of major phytoconstituents against cancer associated cancer-related human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC2) proteins as relevant targets for cancer medication development followed by wet lab validation using in vitro approach. The hydro-distillation process was used to extract the EOs from plants. Subsequently, the most dominant compounds along with some minor compounds from all EOs were docked using computational study. Subsequently, an in-vitro confirmation study was conducted to ascertain each EO's potential for anticancer effects. The (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT test measured the essential oil's anti-cancer effect on HeLa cell line. A study on EO’s antioxidant properties was also conducted. The pharmacokinetic characteristics were also established. Findings from the in-silico investigation indicated a strong docking of phytochemicals against HER2 and mTORC2 cancer cell targets. The ADMET prediction tool was utilized to estimate the in-silico pharmacokinetic and drug-like characteristics of the key compounds. The observed findings shown that all phytocompounds have drug like properties. Finally, during wet lab validation, EOs were shown to exhibit robust cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line after 24 h incubation. Moreover, EOs possess potent antioxidant properties observed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), Hydroxyl Radical scavenging and Iron Chelating Assays. These foremost findings may help in the development of novel anti-proliferative treatment drugs. Therefore, more research is necessary to establish the in vivo anticancer properties of this species of Cymbopogon martinii, Melaleuca alternifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Boswellia serrata in cancer cells as well as to investigate the molecular processes behind their anticancer activities.

Findings on the heavy metal content in herbal drugs and essential oils – An updated database evaluation

In order to guarantee the safety of patients and consumers, the European legal framework restricts the content of heavy metals and further elements in plant material used for the production of medicinal and food products. This data evaluation comprises findings on seven elements between 2016 and 2021 which were assessed against the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) and the ICH Q3D guideline on elemental impurities. !5.328 herbal drug samples from 427 products and 537 essential oil samples from 25 products were included in this evaluation which demonstrates that the Ph. Eur. limits set for cadmium, lead and mercury are considered appropriate. Samples from organic production revealed a lower occurrence of cadmium, lead and mercury as compared to samples from conventional production. With regard to the ICH Q3D requirements, none of the herbal drug samples exceeded the respective limit for cobalt, nickel and vanadium, while for arsenic higher values were observed in individual cases. A comparison of the findings with a former period of evaluation showed an increase in positive findings and also a few more exceedances of the Ph.Eur. limits. For essential oils, it can be confirmed that independent from the production process, the probability of heavy metal contamination is low.

Development and Quality Enhancement of Fried Fish Cake Prototype with Transglutaminase, Trehalose, and Herbal Oil for Room Temperature Distribution.

This study focuses on developing a fried fish cake prototype with improved quality and extended shelf-life, enabling room-temperature distribution through an innovative high-temperature and high-process retort method. Surimi-based products typically necessitate cold storage and a refrigerated distribution system, affecting their physical properties and flavor while escalating costs. By incorporating Transglutaminase (TGase), trehalose, and herbal oils, and optimizing the heating process using the response surface methodology, this research addresses challenges related to changes in physical properties, color, and off-flavors during high-temperature and high-pressure treatment. The addition of 0.37% ACTIVA-K TGase significantly enhanced gel strength by promoting protein cross-linking, while 0.75% trehalose improved color stability by suppressing browning, thus enhancing visual appeal. A 0.1% concentration of bay oil effectively enhanced the flavor profile by masking undesirable odors without compromising the sensory quality. Optimized processing conditions maximized DPPH radical scavenging activity, whiteness, and gel strength, ensuring superior product quality and safety. Nutritional analysis confirmed a balanced composition of moisture, protein, essential amino acids, and minerals, in accordance with Korean national standards for acid values. Microstructural examination revealed a uniform network structure, contributing to excellent texture and sensory evaluations. Shelf-life predictions indicated a storage duration of approximately 19 months, surpassing commercially available products and offering a competitive edge. This novel approach allows surimi-based products to be stored and distributed at room temperature, while also providing the potential for increased profitability.

Preparation of hydrophilic PVDF membranes through in situ assembly of phytate-polyethyleneimine-Fe3+ for efficient separation of herbal volatile oil from oily water.

In the realm of oil-water separation technologies, membrane-based separation emerges as an efficacious approach. Nevertheless, crafting a hydrophilic membrane capable of effectively segregating herbal volatile oil remains a formidable challenge. Our study introduces a facile in situ assembly strategy for fabricating a double-crosslinked composite coating comprising phytate (PA)-polyethyleneimine (PEI) polyelectrolyte complexes and PA-Fe3⁺ assemblies. The PA within the PA-PEI/Fe3⁺ coatings form a double cross-linking layer through interactions with amine groups and metal ions, thereby enhancing interfacial interactions and structural integrity of the membranes. Consequently, the resultant PVDF/PA-PEI/Fe3⁺ membranes exhibit improved coating stability, pronounced hydrophilicity, and exceptional antifouling capabilities, rendering them highly suitable for the separation of diverse herbal volatile oil-in-water emulsions. Furthermore, they possess the capability for reuse with an average retention ratio exceeding 90% and a pure water flux reaching up to 3200 L·m⁻2·h⁻1. Additionally, they demonstrate long-term stability and resistance to corrosion. With a simplistic yet efficient preparation process, the PVDF/PA-PEI/Fe3⁺ membrane holds significant potential for the extraction of oils from herbal volatile oil-in-water emulsions.

CMMSE: a comparison of model fitting using different response surface designs for optimizing microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation and extraction in Khlu herbal tea essential oil production

CMMSE: a comparison of model fitting using different response surface designs for optimizing microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation and extraction in Khlu herbal tea essential oil production

Formulation and evaluation of herbal makeup primer

The burgeoning interest in natural and sustainable beauty products has driven the development of herbal makeup primers, which combine cosmetic functionality with the benefits of botanical ingredients. This abstract explores the formulation, efficacy, and advantages of herbal makeup primers. Unlike traditional primers that often rely on synthetic chemicals, herbal primers leverage plant-based extracts known for their skin-enhancing properties, such as aloe Vera& Orange oil. These ingredients offer soothing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits that can improve skin texture and promote a healthier complexion. The formulation of herbal makeup primers typically includes a blend of herbal extracts, essential oils, and natural emulsifiers. These components work synergistically to create a smooth base for makeup application while also addressing skin concerns such as redness, dryness, and uneven tone. Clinical and consumer studies suggest that herbal primers can enhance makeup longevity and performance, while simultaneously contributing to overall skin health. In summary, herbal makeup primers represent a significant advancement in cosmetics science by integrating the therapeutic benefits of herbal ingredients into everyday beauty routines. Their growing popularity underscores a shift towards more eco-friendly and skin-conscious beauty solutions, aligning with consumer demand for products that offer both cosmetic and therapeutic benefits. Future research and development in this field are likely to expand the range of available formulations and further validate the efficacy of these natural alternatives.

Formulation and evaluation of herbal essential oil based nail lacquer for management of onychomycosis

IntroductionOnychomycosis (Paronychia) is a common fungal nail infection, characterised by thickened, discoloured and brittle nails often accompanied by pain and discomfort. It is one of the most prevalent fungal nail infections with the global incidence of >20 % affected commonly by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The market today is flooded with various antifungal therapies (Azoles, Imidazoles, Allylamines, etc.) but their clinical applicability is limited due to associated side effects. The study is an attempt to formulate essential oil-based nail lacquer against Candidal Onychomycosis. Material and MethodSelection of essential oils and preparation of their blends (EOB) was made on basis of their antifungal activity (minimum inhibitory concentration; MIC and zone of inhibition; ZOI) and physiological effect they exhibit on varied pathological parameters of onychomycosis. Simultaneously, varied batches of nail lacquer (N1-N5) were prepared by varying the concentrations of polymer and film forming agent and were evaluated for their formulatory characteristics (drying time, incidence of white patches, film texture, etc.). Optimal nail lacquer batch was loaded with screened EOB and was evaluated for various characteristics and antifungal activity. ResultThe formulation F4 was found to form a smooth, transparent film over the nail with absence of any tackiness or white patches. Moreover, F4 formulation exhibited minimum MIC among varied batches and higher ZOI (4.3 cm) as compared to marketed preparation (3.5 cm), indicating better antifungal activity. ConclusionEssential oils, as an active agent, could prove to be a natural, safer, and more effective alternative to the conventionally available topical preparations for the management of fungal infections. The development of this herbal mixture opens up new possibilities for treating onychomycosis, necessitating additional research and clinical studies to establish its clinical safety, efficacy, and viability.