Hepatotoxicity In Male Albino Rats Research Articles

Research progress on rat model of drug-induced liver injury established by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (celecoxib) and royal jelly ameliorative effect.

NSAIDs, like celecoxib, are widely used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation, with celecoxib being particularly effective in managing arthritis symptoms and acute or chronic pain especially with its favorable gastrointestinal tolerability. The study aimed at exploring the effect of chronic administration of celecoxib on hepatic tissues in male albino rats. It also examined the royal jelly celecoxib interplay. 50 male albino rats in 5 equal groups; Group 1: received no drug. Group 2: received celecoxib (50 mg/kg/day, orally), for 30 successive days. Group 3: received celecoxib plus royal jelly (300 mg/kg/day, orally) for 30 successive days. Group 4: received celecoxib, for 30 days, then were left untreated for another 30 days. Group 5: received celecoxib plus royal jelly for 30 days, then were left untreated for another 30 days. Chronic celecoxib administration caused hepatotoxicity in male albino rats, with ameliorative effect of royal jelly. Celecoxib discontinuation significantly diminished the celecoxib-induced toxicity, and normal liver enzymes and serum protein levels were regained in the case of dual medications (celecoxib+RJ) discontinuation. Long-term celecoxib administration caused hepatotoxicity, with ameliorative effects of royal jelly against celecoxib-induced oxidative and apoptotic stress. In addition, it could be concluded that royal jelly may prove a useful adjunct in patients being prescribed celecoxib.

Ameliorating Effect of Damiana (Turnera Diffusa) Extract against Trenbolone-induced Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats

Ameliorating Effect of Damiana (Turnera Diffusa) Extract against Trenbolone-induced Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats

Evaluation of the ameliorative role of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Evaluation of the ameliorative role of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Curative effects of kaempferide on cadmium-instigated hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental and industrial toxicant that possess the ability to cause severe health issues to humans and animals. The flavonol, kaempferide (KF), exhibits multiple pharmacological potentials. Therefore, this investigation was designed to estimate the mitigative effect of KF against Cd instigated hepatic damage in rats. 24 albino rats (male) were kept in 4 different groups. The group-1 was designed as untreated/control group, group-2 was orally provided with Cd (5 mg/kg), group-3 was orally co-administrated with Cd (5 mg/kg) along with KF (20 mg/kg) and group-4 was supplemented with KF (20 mg/kg) during 30 days of trial. Cd administration significantly escalated ALT, ALP as well as AST levels. A substantial decline in SOD, GST, POD, CAT, GSR activities and GSH content was observed due to Cd exposure along with an elevation in TBARS and H2O2 levels. Moreover, Cd administration elevated NF-kB, IL-6, TNF-α as well as IL-1β levels in addition to the activity of COX-2. Furthermore, the levels of Bax, Caspase-9 as well as Caspase-3 were escalated, besides the level of Bcl-2 was decreased after Cd exposure. A significant increase in histopathological damages after Cd administration is a clear indication of liver damage. However, co-treatment of KF with Cd potential recovered all the damages and significantly reduced the biochemical and histological variations in rat liver. Overall results indicated that KF has efficient anti-oxidant properties, which mitigated Cd instigated hepatic damage in rats.

The effect of Alnus incana (L.) Moench extracts in ameliorating iron overload-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Iron overload causes multiorgan dysfunction and serious damage. Alnus incana from the family Betulaceae, widely distributed in North America, is used for treating diseases. In this study, we investigated the iron chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities of the total and butanol extract from Alnus incana in iron-overloaded rats and identified the bioactive components in both extracts using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We induced iron overload in the rats via six intramuscular injections of 12.5 mg iron dextran/100 g body weight for 30 days. The rats were then administered 60 mg ferrous sulfate /kg body weight once daily using a gastric tube. The total and butanol extracts were given orally, and the reference drug (deferoxamine) was administered subcutaneously for another month. After two months, we evaluated the biochemical, histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical parameters. Iron overload significantly increased the serum iron level, liver biomarker activities, hepatic iron content, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and caspase-3 levels. It also substantially (P < 0.05) reduced serum albumin, total protein, and total bilirubin content, and hepatic reduced glutathione levels. It caused severe histopathological alterations compared to the control rats, which were markedly (P < 0.05) ameliorated after treatment. The total extract exhibited significantly higher anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities but lower antioxidant and iron-chelating activities than the butanol extract. Several polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, were detected by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) analysis. Our findings suggest that both extracts might alleviate iron overload-induced hepatoxicity and other pathological conditions characterized by hepatic iron overload, including thalassemia and sickle-cell anemia.

Hepatoprotective effects of a chemically-characterized extract from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) against AFB1-induced toxicity in rats

This study was conducted to investigate the protective potential of a pharmaceutically formulated capsule of artichoke leaf powder (ArLP) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. In the 42-day experiment, rats were divided into five equal groups: (i) control, treated with sterile water, (ii) treated with 4% DMSO as AFB1 vehicle, (iii) ArLP of 100 mg kg–1 bw, (iv) AFB1 of 72 µg kg–1 bw, and (v) AFB1 plus ArLP. Exposure of rats to AFB1 resulted in hepatotoxicity as manifested by the intensification of oxidative stress, production of free radicals and significant increase in the activity levels of liver function enzymes relative to the control. Significant reductions in both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant markers as well as histopathological abnormalities in liver tissues were also observed. Notably, the combined administration of ArLP with AFB1 clearly reduced AFB1-mediated adverse effects leading to the normalization of most of these parameters back to control levels. These findings clearly highlight the potential benefits of artichoke dietary supplements as a safe and natural solution in counteracting the adverse hepatotoxic effects conferred by AFB1 exposure. Further research is warranted to fully dissect the biochemical and molecular mechanism of action of the observed artichoke-mediated hepatoprotection.

The regenerative effect of stem cells on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

BackgroundAcetaminophen overdose is the leading cause of acute liver injury (ALI) and acute liver failure (ALF) in the developed world. We aimed at studying the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in accelerating healing of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.ResultsThis prospective study included 50 male albino rats divided into 2 groups: hepatotoxic group and non-hepatotoxic group. Hepatotoxicity was induced in experimental rats by acetaminophen and then stem cells were transplanted into the rats and their effects on the liver cells were assessed. After injection of BM MSCs, the cells reached the targeted tissues. They were established in the central veins and blood sinusoids in the liver tissue. The hepatotoxic liver showed degeneration and loss of normal hepatic architecture as well as necrotic areas and congestion mainly in the portal tract vessels, dilation of blood sinusoids, and infiltration by inflammatory cells around the central veins. In addition, there were abnormal nuclei either irregular in shape or showing loss of open face compared to the normal control group. The liver tissue in BM MSC-treated group showed restoration of normal architecture of the liver tissue.ConclusionAdministration of MSCs has hepato-therapeutic effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The mechanism of this hepatoprotective effect may be through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory actions of MSCs.

Protective effect of curcumin on diclofenac sodium-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats: Evidence of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

Protective effect of curcumin on diclofenac sodium-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats: Evidence of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

Attenuating Effect of Some Antioxidants on Caffeine Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats

Attenuating Effect of Some Antioxidants on Caffeine Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats

In vivo protective effect of cinnamon aqueous extract in carbon tetrachloride-treated male albino rats

The liver as an organ is important for the metabolism of drugs and toxins. However, it is not immune from environmental insults. Exposure of liver cells to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) results in the generation of tricholoromethyl radicals, which induce liver toxicity. This study aims at investigating the ameliorative effect of the cinnamon aqueous extract (CAE) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats through the intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 mL kg-1 body weight of CCl4. The analyses of the results obtained showed significant reduction in the levels of serum biochemical markers for 400 and 600 mg kg-1 bw of CAE protected rats as compared with CCl4 group. In addition, CAE administration reversed liver tissue damaged via increased antioxidants markers. Histopathological examination of CAE treatment on rats showed improved changes to the liver damage caused by CCl4 with no evidence of steatosis and inflammation. This result hence suggests that CAE has marked hepatoprotective and healing activities against CCl4-induced liver damage and could serve as a suitable candidate in drug discovery for the treatment of liver toxicity.

Protective effect of omega-3 on Doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic anthracycline used to treat various forms of cancer. Although DOX is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, it has been documented to cause oxidative damage in several body organs. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of omega-3 against doxorubicin-induced hepatic toxicity in adult male rats. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group was orally administered with 0.5ml corn oil and served as a control group. The second group was treated with omega-3 fatty acid (400mg/kg b.w) daily for 30 days. The third group was injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of DOX (30mg/kg b.w). Animals in the fourth group were treated with omega-3 at the same dose level as those of group 2 followed by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of DOX as in the third group. Injecting animals with DOX induces various histological changes in the liver. These changes include congestion and dilatation of blood vessels, leucocytic infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, degenerated hepatocytes, and pyknotic nuclei. Moreover, DOX caused a significant elevation in serum ALT, AST, LDH, lipid profile, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and globulin after 4 weeks of treatment. It also caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and depletion of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione reduced (GSH). Treating animals with omega 3 fatty acids in combination with DOX led to an improvement in the histological and biochemical changes induced by DOX together with a significant decrease in the level of MDA and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results of the present work indicated that omega-3 fatty acid had a protective effect against liver damage induced by Doxorubicin and this is due to its antioxidant activities.

Effective Dose of Herbal Gold Nanoparticles for Protection of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats

Overdose of acetaminophen causes hepatotoxicity due to NAPQI formation. The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles represents as a novel drug carrier in the field of drug delivery system. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of green synthesized herbal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in an experimental rat model. In this study, group 1 served as normal control; group 2 received acetaminophen intraperitoneally at a concentration of 500 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days; and groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were co-administered with acetaminophen (500 mg/kg/day) and AuNPs (55, 175, 550, 2000 μg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 14 days. After 14 days, all animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological studies. Among different experimental doses of AuNPs (55, 175, 550, 2000 μg/kg/day), dose 175 μg/kg/day showed more potent activity towards wellness parameters, biochemical indices, and histopathological studies. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, and MDA levels, but a significant decrease in SOD, CAT, and GSH activities in the hepatotoxic group in comparison with the control group, but co-administration with AuNPs (175 μg/kg/day) restored the activities of these biochemical markers. Hence, this study confirmed that AuNPs at a dose 175 μg/kg/day has better hepatoprotective efficacy.

The effect of dried bottle gourd and pumpkin as hepatoprotective agent from acrylamide toxicity in experimental rats

Acrylamide (ACR) is found in foods containing carbohydrates and proteins, where it is formed during the thermal processing. It is classified as neurotoxic and probably carcinogenic to humans. The present study investigated the effect of dried pumpkin and bottle gourd versus acrylamide induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. The rats were divided into equal six groups. The first group (6 rats) were fed on basal diet and served as negative control. The all other groups were injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) with acrylamide (50 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. The second group fed on basal diet and served as a positive control group. The third and fourth groups fed on basal diet supplemented with bottle gourd fruits powder (5%) and (10%). The fifth and sixth groups fed on basal diet added with pumpkin fruits powder (5%) and (10%). The chemical composition and phenolic compounds of both fruits were done. At the end of the experiment biological data were calculated, blood samples were taken to biochemical analysis. In addition, liver tissues were analyzed for antioxidant markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as histological examination was done. The results revealed that acrylamide group increased liver weight, liver functions, serum lipid profile, liver MDA and NO, decreased in serum HDL-C, Liver GPX, SOD and CAT. All treated groups with two fruits showed improvement previously parameters compared with positive control group. In conclusion, the consumption of pumpkin and bottle gourd fruits powder can lower the side effects of acrylamide toxicant.

Protective effects of hesperidin against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats.

Hesperidin (HD), a bioflavonoid, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective effects. Our aim is to investigate the possible protective effects of HD against methotrexate (MTX) hepatotoxicity in adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that were divided into four groups (10 rats/each) and were exposed to MTX with or without HD co-administration for consecutive 28days. The results showed that HD significantly ameliorated MTX-induced increase in liver enzymes and histopathological changes. Hepatic oxidative stress was suppressed by HD, as evidenced by the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), with a concomitant increase in total antioxidant activity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, co-administration of HD with MTX remarkably upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 compared with the MTX group. By the decrease in nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) pathway and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), HD obviously attenuated inflammatory response in MTX-lesioned livers. Likewise, the downregulation of P53 by HD could explain its antiapoptotic effects as indicated by increase BCl2 and the significant decrease of caspase-9 mRNA expression as compared with the MTX group. Thus, these findings revealed the hepatoprotective nature of HD against MTX hepatotoxicity by attenuating the pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators and improving antioxidant aptitude.

Possible protective effect of olive leaves extract on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Paracetamol (PCM) overdose can cause hepatotoxicity with oxidative stress; the present study was carried out to establish the possible protective effect of olive leaves extract (OLE) on toxicity induced by paracetamol in adult male rats. Twenty four adult male rats were divided into four equal groups; control, olive leaves extract group, paracetamol group and olive leaves extract plus paracetamol group. Some biochemical parameters and liver histopathology were evaluated. PCM treatment significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, creatinine and alpha-fetoprotein. Paracetamol was found to significantly increase malonaldehyde (MDA) and decrease glutathione reductase (GR) activity in tissue and significantly decrease total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum. Administration of OLE caused a significant decrease serum AST, ALT enzyme, total bilirubin, GGT, LDH, creatinine, urea, alpha-fetoprotein. Also, amelioration of oxidant – antioxidant status with olive leaves extract was observed in addition to a significant decrease in MDA and a significant increase in TAC in liver tissue with a significant increase in glutathione reductase (GR) and SOD in serum compared to paracetamol treated group The chemical pathological changes were in step with histopathological observation suggesting marked hepatoprotective result of olive leaves extract. It could be concluded that olive leaves extract (OLE) treatment may be effective in decreasing hepatic injury and oxidative stress induced by paracetamol overdose in male albino rats.

Ameliorating role of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Pimpinella anisum (anise) against Zinc oxide nanoparticles induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Medicinal plants have been used traditionally worldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. Pimpinella anisum (Anise) or Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) are used frequently as spices. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of Anise and Fennel aqueous extract, against ZnO nanoparticles which induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Administration of ZnO nanoparticles (30 mg/kg /kg.b.wt) oral daily for 4 weeks resulted in liver damage manifested by a significant increase in serum AST, ALT, and ALP. Increase in MDA and decrease in CAT in the group treated by ZnO nanoparticles. Immunohistochemistry is observed by the level of Interleukin-6. Rats treated orally with aqueous seed extracts of Pimpinella anisum (Anise, 125 mg/kg) and Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel, 150 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and intoxicated with ZnO nanoparticles showed significant protection against an induced increase in serum liver enzyme (AST, ALT, ALP), restored and ameliorate the increased interleukin-6 level. A significant corrective effect of either Anise or fennel aqueous extract on biochemical parameters were supported by histopathological examination of the rats. In conclusion, these data indicated that the aqueous seed extracts of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) and Pimpinella anisum (Anise) possessed a hepatoprotective activity against hepatotoxicity induced by ZnO nanoparticles in rats.

Anti-Oxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Senecio biafrae on CCl4-induced Liver Damage in Rats

Background: The present study was performed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Senecio biafrae (S. biafrae) roots provide any in vivo protective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Methods: Rats (150-200 grams) were grouped into five groups (A-E) of six rats each and were treated orally for twelve days with 72 hourly administration of CCl4 (1 mL/kg) as follows: Group A received distilled water only (negative control), Group B was administered distilled water plus CCl4 (positive control), Group C was administered 400 mg/kg extract and CCl4, Group D received 200 mg/extract and CCl4, while Group E was administered standard drug (Silymarin 25mg/kg, PO). Results: Pre-treatment with the extract of S. biafrae (200 or 400mg/kg) or Silymarin (25mg/kg) caused significant restoration in the biomarkers as evaluated by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde, transaminases and elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which were altered by CCl4 toxicity. The extract at a dose of 400mg/kg demonstrated similar activities comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the root extract of S. biafrae possesses hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant properties which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals in it.

Effect of Selenium and Bee Pollen Against Immunotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cadmium in Male Albino Rats.

Cadmium is a toxic naturally occurring element that affects numerous organ systems in humans, the present study was designed to study the role of bee pollen and selenium against cadmium chloride induced immunotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Forty (40) male albino rats were used for the experiment. Group I was intraperitoneal (i.p.) Injected with saline solution, G2 (i.p.) Injected with CdCl2 (1 mg/kg b.w.), G3 were (i.p.) Injected with CdCl2 (1 mg/kg b.w.) and then receive selenium (i.p.) Injection at a dose of (0.5 mg/kg/day). G4 (i.p.) Injected with CdCl2 (1 mg/kg b.w. day by day) and then received bee pollen orally at a dose of (10 g/kg/day). Animals were exposed to treatment once daily for 10weeks. After the last day of treatment, animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected for hematological analysis and serum separated for serum liver enzymes analysis and the liver separated for oxidative stress analysis. Results obtained in this present study revealed a significant increased at (p>0.05) in WBCs, Monocyte , Lymphocyte , Granulocyte and The activities of IgG and IgM, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT) ,alkaline phosphatase (ALP), (Total- Direct) bilirubin and Malondialdehyde (MAD), while showed a significant decreased at (p>0.05) in albumin and protein, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in group treated with CdCl2 only when compared with normal group. However, Effects of bee pollen and selenium on immunotoxicity and hepatic injury due to cadmium-induced oxidative stress revealed a significant decreased at (p>0.05) in WBCs, Monocyte, Granulocyte and The activities of IgG except Lymphocyte and IgM are not affected also aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine transferase (ALT) ,alkaline phosphatase (ALP), (Total- Direct) bilirubin and Malondialdehyde (MAD) showed a significant decreased at (p>0.05), while Total protein, Albumin, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) showed a significant increased at (p>0.05) when compared with control group. It is concluded that the bee pollen and selenium have antioxidant properties

Investigation of Hepatoprotective And Antioxidant Activity of Tridax Procumbens Linn. (Asteraceae) Extract Against Rifampicin Induced Hepatotoxicity In Male Albino Rats

In India, pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the major causes for adult deaths. Isoniazid (INZ) and Rifampicin (RIF), the first line drugs used for tuberculosis chemotherapy, are associated with hepatotoxicity. The rate of hepatotoxicity has been reported to be much higher in developing countries like India (8% - 30%) compared to that in advanced countries (2% - 3%) with a similar dose schedule. It has been established that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms for RIF induced hepatic injury. The present study is an attempt to investigate the efficacy of Tridax procumbens Linn (Asteraceae) (TP) in normalizing rifampicin induced liver dysfunctionas judge on the basis of alteration in different indices of hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Administration of toxic dose of RIF (50mg/kg/day) to albino rats resulted in increased activities of AST, ALT and ALP in serum, and decreased activities of SOD and CAT in liver as compared with normal controls that confirms the development of hepatotoxicity in animals. The levels of hepatic TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates) as a marker of LP (Lipid Peroxidation) were elevated in RIF toxicity. On the other hand, hepatic GSH, Total Serum Protein and tissue Glycogen were found to be decreased in RIF toxicity as against normal controls. However, co-administration of TP extract to RIF intoxicated rats reversed all these RIF induced changes in toxicity parameters. RIF toxicity resulted in altered values of various hepatotoxicity markers indicating severe liver injury and hepatic dysfunction. Treatment with TP extract normalized the altered parameters significantly over a period of ten days in a dose dependent manner. TP extract at a dose level of 400mg/kg/day was proved to be most effective as the values of the marker parameters were comparable well with and approached to those of the normal counterparts thereby confirming the protective efficacy of TP extract against RIF induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats.

Histological observation of the effect of aqueous extract of sorghum bicolor leaf sheath on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats

Introduction: Acetaminophen is a severe hepatotoxic drug. This study was undertaken to examine the protective and ameliorative effects of aqueous extr act of Sorghum Bicolor stem bark on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Materia ls and Methods: Thirty five adult wistar rats weigh ing 150 to 200g were randomized into seven groups of fi ve animals each. Group A (control) received 200mg/kg body weight (bw) of distilled water for 7d ays, Group B received 200mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of Sorghum bicolor stem bark for 7days, Group C received 300mg/kg bw p aracetamol for 1 day, Group D received 300mg/kg bw paracetamol for 1 day plus aqueous extract of Sorghum bicolor stem bark (200mg/kg bw) for 7 days, Group E receiv ed 300mg/kg bw paracetamol for 1 day plus silymarin (100mg/kg bw) for 7days, Group F receive d 200mg/kg bw aqueous extract of Sorghum bicolor stem bark for 7 days plus paracetamol (300mg/kg bw ) for 1 day and Group G received silymarin (100mg/kg bw) and paracetamol (300mg/kg bw). All s olutions were administered orally. At the end of the administration, animals were sacrificed under c hloroform anesthesia, blood samples collected via cardiac puncture. Paraffin sections of liver were s tained for histology using Hematoxylin and Eosin, a nd for histochemistry using Masson’s trichome, Gordon & Sweets, and Periodic Acid Schiff’s staining techniques. Results: Results from this study showed that there was congestion of hepatic portal triad, dilated sinusoids, and there was necrosis of hepato cytes nuclei in group C, compare with group A and group B, which showed normal liver architecture and hepatocytes, group D and G showed mild portal triad congestion, mild dilated sinusoids, presence of inflammatory cells, hepatocytes showed dysplastic changes, Group E an F showed mild portal triad congestion, mild dilated sinusoids, reduced inflammatory cells, and dysplastic changes of the h epatocytes. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that 300mg/kg bw of paracetamol was hepat otoxic, and Sorghum bicolor stem bark extract had ameliorative and protective effect on the Parac etamol-induced liver damage.