Hepatoprotective Activity Of Ethanolic Extract Research Articles

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of the Seed of Flacourtia jangomas against \(ccl_4\) -Induced Liver Damage in Rat Model

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of the Seed of Flacourtia jangomas against \(ccl_4\) -Induced Liver Damage in Rat Model

Assessment of hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Vitis vinifera leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats

Background: Vitis vinifera is known for its antimicrobial activity; however, the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extracts of aerial parts has also been reported, but the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts have not yet been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate Vitis vinifera's hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats. Methods: Two doses of ethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) were evaluated and compared with silymarin 100 mg/kg. Biochemical blood parameters like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), bilirubin, urea, uric acid, total protein and creatinine, and histopathologic changes of liver and kidney were studied and evaluated. Results: Vitis vinifera reduced the elevated blood levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, and creatinine, with the ethanol extract to 200 mg/kg/day being more effective. The histopathologic evaluation suggested that Vitis vinifera decreased hepatic and renal necrosis induced by CCl4. The more significant dose resulted in reductions in AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, and bilirubin of 54, 27, 56, 36, and 17%, respectively. Ethanolic extract 200 mg/kg/day also shows a reduction in elevated levels of Creatinine, Urea, Uric Acid, and Total Protein by 61%, 58%, 29%, and 9%, respectively. Conclusion: Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of ethanol extract of Vitis vinifera were demonstrated, with ethanol extract to 200 mg/kg/day being the most effective. This presents scientific evidence for using medicinal plants such as Vitis vinifera in managing liver and kidney disorders.

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) spreng leaf in DMBA induced rats

The hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour Spreng leaf extract (PEE) on blood biochemical profiles, non-specific immune system, liver histology were evaluated in rats induced DMBA. Twenty five female rats were divided into five groups, each with 5 rats. The negative control group (NC) received only food and water. The positive control group (PC) administered orally DMBA 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) once every four days for 32 days. The treatment groups received the PEE with three different doses of 175 (T1), 350 (T2), 700 (T3) mg/kg bw, respectively for 27 days after DMBA induction. At the end of the treatment, blood samples were collected to investigate the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, total protein, albumin and globulin as well as the hematological parameter, such as neutrophils, monocyte, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW) were monitored. The results showed an increased level in ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin in the PC group. However, the T3 group (PEE 700 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease value (p < 0.05) in ALT, ALP, and bilirubin compared to the PC group. Our finding revealed that all PEE treatments had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the total protein, albumin and globulin compared to the PC group. The neutrophils (18.60 ± 4.64) and monocytes (61.40 ± 4.99) are lowest in the T2 groups as well as the value of MCH, RDW and MCV were significantly alleviated compared to all other groups. Histopathological observation demonstrated that the administration of PEE improved hepatocyte architecture and reduced the number of necrosis and hydrophilic degeneration. In conclusion, PEE has hepatoprotective activity by improving liver function, enhancing the non-specific immune system and recovering histopathological hepatocytes in rats exposed to DMBA.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rice Solid-State Fermentation of Ganoderma tsugae against CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice.

Ganoderma tsugae is well known as a medicinal mushroom in China and many Asian countries, while its fermentation technique and corresponding pharmacological activity are rarely reported. In this study, a wild G. tsugae strain (G42) with high triterpenoid content was screened from nine strains by rice solid-state fermentation, and 53.86 mg/g triterpenoids could be produced under optimized conditions; that is, inoculation amount 20%, fermentation temperature 27 °C, and culture time 45 days. The hepatoprotective activity of G42 ethanol extract was evaluated by CCl4-induced liver injury in mice, in which changes in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), oxidation-related factors, and inflammatory cytokines in serum or liver samples demonstrated the therapeutic effect. In addition, the ethanol extract of G42 reduced the incidence of necrosis and inflammatory infiltration, and decreased protein expression levels of phosphor-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-Iβ (IL-1β), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2). The chemical composition of the ethanol extract was analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry and molecular networking. Three main triterpenoids, namely platycodigenin, cucurbitacin IIb, and ganolecidic acid B were identified. This work provided an optimized fermentation method for G. tsugae, and demonstrated that its fermentation extract might be developed as a functional food with a hepatoprotective effect.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. leaves against paracetamol-induced liver damage via reduction of oxidative stress

BackgroundHerbal drugs are being used by traditional systems of medicine in liver damage. Thus, the designed objective was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. leaves (EEPM) against paracetamol-induced liver damage (PILD) in SD rats. MethodsGroup-I rats were administered with 1 ml of 1% CMC/kg b.wt per day for 8 days. Group-II rats were administered with 1 ml of 1% CMC/kg body wt. per day till 7th day, then 3 g paracetamol/kg body wt. on eighth day. Groups-III, IV and V animals were pretreated with 200 mg EEPM/kg/day, 400 mg EEPM/kg/day, 100 mg silymarin/kg/day in that order for seven days and then, administered with a single dose of 3 g paracetamol/kg body wt. p.o. on eighth day. The isolated serum was evaluated for AST, ALT, ALP, TC, ALB, SBL, TP and TG as part of liver function test using regular kit sets. The extract was also assessed for its antioxidant potential by measuring level of SOD, GSH, CAT and TBARS in isolated serum. ResultsTreatment with 400 mg EEPM/kg/day in group-IV rats showed significant decrease in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, total cholesterol, bilirubin, triglyceride, TBARS, liver wt. and relative liver wt. while significant increase in the levels of final b.wt, TP and ALB, SOD, GSH, CAT compared to group-II rats. The hepatoprotective activity of 400 mg EEPM/kg/day was found to be comparable to that of 100 mg silymarin/kg/day. ConclusionsFindings indicate that EEPM possesses a potent hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced liver damage and protects liver from PILD by preventing paractamol-induced oxidative stress and altered biochemical markers. This indicates the therapeutic efficacy of Pterocarpus marsupium against liver damage.

AKTIVITAS HEPATOPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL

Paracetamol causes liver damage if consumed more than normal limits continuously. Liver damage is characterized by increased levels of the enzymes Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) in the blood. Antioxidants can prevent paracetamol-induced liver damage. Telang flower (Clitoria ternatea) is a plant that has the potential to prevent liver damage because it has high antioxidant activity. This study aimed to examine the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of telang flower in rats induced by paracetamol. Rats were grouped into 6 groups consisting of normal control without paracetamol induction, negative control, positive control, test doses 1, 2, and 3 were given paracetamol as much as 150 mg/200 g BW on day 1 to day 7. After 1 hour, the positive control group was given curliv 37 mg/200 g BW, test doses 1, 2, and 3 were given ethanol extract of telang flower, respectively 123 mg/200 g BW, 247 mg/200 g BW, and 370 mg/200g BW on day 1 until the 7th day. On the 8th day, the rat's blood was taken and then measured SGPT and SGOT were by an enzymatic method using a photometer. Based on the results of statistical analysis, Telang flower ethanol extract doses 1, 2, 3, and positive control showed a significantly different decrease in SGPT and SGOT compared to negative control but only dose 2 (247 mg/200 g BW) showed hepatoprotective activity equivalent to positive control.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CNIDOSCOLUS PHYLLACANTHUS LEAVES AGAINST D-GALACTOSAMINE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS

Introduction: Plants have been utilized as a natural source of medicinal compounds for thousands of years. Humans use numerous plants and plant-derived products to cure and relieve various physical and mental illnesses. These plants are used in traditional Chinese, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Tibetan medicines. Ancient literature such as Rigveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, CharakSamhita, and Sushrut Samhita also describes the use of plants for the treatment of various health problems. In recent times, the focus on plant research has increased worldwide, and a large body of evidence has been collected to show the immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems.Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus Phyllacanthus(ECP) leaves against D-galactosamine induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced by D-Galactosamine (270 mg/kg body weight) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 14th day of a total two-week experiment. In contrast, the extract of the investigated plant was given orally throughout the whole experiment at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) was given orally as a standard hepatoprotective drug.Results and Discussion: Histological studies showed that 400 mg/kg CP attenuated hepatocellular necrosis in d-GalN intoxicated rats. It was concluded from the results that the ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus Phyllacanthus leaves reduces D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA ROOT ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AGAINST CCL4 INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN RATS

Plant derived herbal formulations and remedies provide an effective means for the treatment of various types of disease that are dogmatic and incurable in other types of systems of medicines, but it is essential to explore and establish the scientific basis for therapeutic action of herbal plant medicines. Bauhinia variegata root ethanolic extract was studied for the hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats. For estimation of hepatoprotective role of B. variegata, total bilirubin count, serum enzymes level and finally histopathological study of liver were performed. This extract’s DPPH radical scavenging potential was also studied. The ethanolic extract of B. variegata root administered orally to animal showed significant depletion in CCL4 induced increased level of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin concentration. Significantly (p&lt;0.05), hepatotoxicity is reversed by treatment with Liv 52 syrup also. For initiation of biochemical analysis, the histopathological studies are provided supportive evidence. This extract also showed better activity in quenching DPPH radical. The ethanolic extract of B. variegata root shows antioxidant property by preventing the formation of trichloromethyl peroxy radicals, and thus reduce tissue damage, which is examined and confirmed by the histopathological studies. Therefore, the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of B. variegata root may be due to its antioxidant potential. Previously studies have reported that plants containing flavonoids possess antioxidant properties. The antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of the test plant may be attributed to the presence flavonoids. B. variegata root ethanolic extract is shown to have hepatoprotective and antioxidant action.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Figs Leaves (Ficus carica L.) with SGOT &amp; SGPT Parameters in Sprague Dawley Female Rats Induced by Paracetamol

Background: Long-term usage of paracetamol damages liver cells characterized by the increasing levels of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT). Figs (Ficus carica L.) leaves contain high flavonoid compounds that able to act as hepatoprotector agents which inhibited the process of liver damage. Objectives: This study aims to determine the dose characteristics and hepatoprotective activity of figs (Ficus carica L.) leaves extract. Material and Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of figs extract (Ficus carica L.) was determined by measuring SGPT &amp; SGOT levels in rat blood. 42 rats were prepared, divided into 7 groups: normal control group, negative control given paracetamol with a dose 40 mg/200 g BW, positive control given hepamax®, base control given Na CMC, and 3 test dose groups given figs leaves extract with a dose of 40 mg/200 g BW, 80 mg BW/200 g BW and 160 mg/200 g BW. The treatment was carried out for 14 consecutive days. Paracetamol was given for 14 days, while positive control, 3 test dose groups and base control were given on day 7 to day 14. Rats blood samples were taken through the orbital sinuses on day 1, day 5, day 10 and day 14 after treatment began. SGPT &amp; SGOT levels were determined using spectrophotometry with analytical methods using specific SGPT &amp; SGOT reagent kits. Results: The results showed that the leaves extract of figs (Ficus carica L.) proved to be able to reduce the levels of SGPT &amp; SGOT with the most potent dosage was 40 mg/200 g BW. However, the reduction of SGPT &amp; SGOT levels were not significantly different from other treatments. Conclusions: Figs (Ficus carica L.) leaves extract showed activity as a hepatoprotective agent, based on the reduction of SGPT &amp; SGOT levels in rat after 14 days of treatment.

In vivo hepatoprotective effect of Morinda elliptica stem extract against liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide.

Morinda elliptica L. (Rubiaceae) is a phytomedicinal herb, used to treat gastrointestinal complications in Peninsular Malaysia. The study evaluates the in vivo hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of M. elliptica stem in thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver fibrosis in male Sprague Drawly rats. Thirty adult rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. Rats of the normal control group received intraperitoneal injections (i. p.) of vehicle 10% Tween-20, 5ml/kg, and hepatotoxic group 200 mg/kg TAA three times per week respectively. Three supplementary groups were treated with TAA plus daily oral silymarin (50 mg/kg) or M. elliptica (250 or 500 mg/kg). After 8 weeks of treatment, all rats were sacrificed. Liver fibrosis was assessed by gross macroscopic and microscopic tissue analysis, histopathological, and biochemical analysis. The livers of the TAA treated group showed uniform coarse granules, hepatocytic necrosis with lymphocytes infiltration. Contrary, the livers of M. elliptica treated groups (250 and 500 mg/kg) were much smoother and the cell damage was much lesser. The livers of M. elliptica treated groups rats showed elevated activity of SOD and CAT with a significant decrease in MDA level at p < .0001. The level of liver damage parameters, that is, ALP, ALT, and AST, bilirubin, total protein, and albumin were restored to the normal comparable to silymarin. M. elliptica stem extract significantly promoted normal rat liver architecture with significant perfections in biochemical parameters. The molecular contents of M. elliptica with hepatoprotective influence could be discovered, is the future prospective of this study.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of Ethanolic Extract of Garuga pinnata Roxburgh leaves against Carbon tetrachloride induced Hepatotoxicity in rats.

In this study we investigated the in vivo Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Garuga pinnata (EEGP) leaves in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity using wistar rats of either sex as model. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the administration of CCl4 intraperitoneally (0.125ml CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1) per 100g body weight). Garuga pinnata leaves extract at different dose levels (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) showed the dose dependant hepatoprotective effect and was compared with well known standard hepatoprotective Silymarain (100mg/kg). When groups were treated with CCl4, significant increase in serum biochemical parameters such as Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphate (ALP), Acid Phosphate (ACP), Creatinine and alteration of tissue biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and the total proteins were observed. The histopathological examination of the CCl4 treated groups showed sinusoidal congestion, centrilobular necrosis, marked vacuolations and congestion. However, pretreatment with extract of leaves of Garuga pinnata significantly reduced the increased serum levels of biochemical parameters and restored antioxidant defense enzymes level to its normal. Moreover, histopathology of leaves extract treated groups showed normal architecture with minimal sinusoidal congestion. Taken together, our study concludes that EEGP to be a more potential agent for caring liver from CCl4 induced damage.

Ameliorative effect of Ethanol Extract of Annona Muricata Leaves in Sodium Arsenite Induced- Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats

Ingestion of arsenic, a known contaminant in drinking water causes cancer at multiple tissues and there is no cure. Consumption of arsenic contaminated water has been implicated metalloid-induced carcinogenesis. Research is therefore directed at chemoprevention using medicinal herbs for the management of arsenicosis. In this study hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Annona muricata (AM) leaves was assessed against sodium arsenite (SA) induced hepatic injury in albino rats. The animals were pre-treated with either 250 or 500mg/kg body weight of rat before exposure to SA. SA was dissolved in distilled water and administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight on the 7th, 14th and 21st day of the experiment. SA was observed to induce a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP). However, pretreatments of rats with various doses of AM significantly (P&lt;0.005) reduced serum enzyme levels to near normal against SA treated rats. Furthermore, histopathological observations revealed that treatment with AM extract protected the animals from SA induced liver damage. The results indicated that the leaves of Annona muricata possess hepatoprotective activity on SA induced hepatic injury in rats.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Artabotrys zeylanicus Stem against Various Hepatotoxins Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wister Rats

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic stem extract of Artabotrys zeylanicus against paracetamol (PCT), Ethanol (ETN) and Isoniazid and Rifampicin (IR) induced hepatotoxicity in Albino wister rats.&#x0D; Methodology: The material was dried in shade, they were powdered and extracted with ethanol. Preliminary Phytochemical tests were done. The hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract was assessed in Albino wister rats. PCT (3 g/kg), ETN (5 gm/kg) and IR (100 mg/kg) has enhanced the levels of various biochemical markers of hepatic damage like Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Trasaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatise (ALP), bilirubin. Antioxidant levels were tested in all the Hepatotoxins treated and untreated groups.&#x0D; Results: The various biochemical and Histopathological investigations done were Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Trasaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatise (ALP), Bilirubin, antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT), Hyderogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid perioxidation, hyderoxil radical and nitric oxide. Treatment of ethanolic extract of stem of A. zeylanicus (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight) has brought back the altered levels of biochemical markers to the near normal levels in the dose dependent manner. Ethanolic extract of A. zeylanicus were observed to inhibit oxidant stress with the maximum value of 71% and 62% at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. The crude ethanolic extract of A. zeylanicus had a calculated IC50 value of 62.2 and 63.25 μg/mL, which is nearly similar to the calculated IC50 value of the known antioxidant, ascorbic acid, ie 65.3 μg/mL. While the rats treated with AZ extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) which were shown as reduction/absence of inflammatory cells, vascular congestion, cellular degeneration, necrosis and vacuoles. In contrast, the lower doses (100 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of AZ stem shown low protection than at higher dose 400 mg/kg.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our findings suggested that A. zeylanicus ethanol stem extract possessed a potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.

In vitro hepatoprotective activity of Eichhornia Crassipes flowers against CCl4 induced toxicity in BRL3A cell line

The present study was carried out to determine the in vitro hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract from Eichhornia crassipes (EEEC) flowers using the CCl4-challenged BRL3A cell model. Hepatoprotective activity of EEEC (at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) and standard drug silymarin (200 μg/mL) was evaluated against CCl4 induced toxicity using BRL3A cell line by measuring the cell viability, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione level (GSH). Treatment with CCl4 produced a significant decrease in cell viability. In addition, hepatotoxicity was revealed by increased hepatic marker enzymes like AST, ALT and LDH paralleled with elevated lipid peroxidation and decline in GSH levels. The toxicity induced by CCl4 in the BRL3A cells was significantly recovered by treatment with EEEC. The tested doses (100 and 200 μg/mL) significantly (P <0.01) reduced the CCl4 induced elevation of AST, ALT and LDH and also restored the altered biochemical parameters. These findings provide a basis for confirming the traditional uses of E. crassipes in treating liver ailments.

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of PAVETTA INDICA LINN leaves

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Pavetta Indica Linn leaves. Traditionally, the bark of Pavetta Indica Linn., in decoction or pulverized, is administered, especially to children, to correct visceral obstructions. The decocted leaves are used externally to alleviate the pains caused by hemorrhoids. The root, pulverized and mixed with the ginger and rice-water, is given in dropsy. A local fomentation with the leaves is useful in relieving the pain of piles. Paracetamol (PCM)- Hepatotoxin- generates free radicals and raised serum enzyme levels-SGPT, SGOT, AlkPho, S.Alb. It causes necrosis, congested vessels, multifocal area of fatty changes nuclear disintegration, sinusoidal dilation, kuffer cell hyperplasia. The reverse is considered as the index of hepatoprotective activity. To screen hepatoprotective action this study has been taken up. Materials and Methods: The acute liver damage in albino rats was induced byper oral administration of a single dose of 2000mg/kg b.w. PCMsuspension in 0.5% Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and chronic liver damage by giving the same dose of PCM on the 7th day. The hepatoprotective activity was monitored biochemically by estimating S. transaminase, S. bilirubin and S. Proteinon the 8th day of experiment. Results: Ethanol extract of P. Indica inhibited PCM induced liver toxicity in albino rats at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg b.w as assessed by the biochemical values. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of “P. Indica” exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity. Keywords: Pavetta Indica Linn, Hepatoprotective activity, Silymarin, Paracetamol, Carboxy methyl cellulose.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cissus quadrangularis linn Fruits in Alcohol-induced Liver Damage in Rats

Reactive oxygen species are one of the major reasons for liver damage. The study investigates the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cissus Quadrangularis (EECQ) Linn of fruits against ethanolinduced hepatotoxicity. Fruit Powder of Cissus Quadrangularis was successively extracted with ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical tests were done. The hepatoprotective activity of the AST, ALT, ALP, ALB, BIT and BID were assessed in alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity rats. The EECQ showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, saponins and triterpenes, while alkaloids, carbohydrates and saponins were present Ethanol produced significant changes in physical (increased liver weight and volume), biochemical (increase in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and decrease in total protein and albumin level) Pre-treatment with EECQ extract significantly prevented the physical, biochemical, histological and functional changes induced by alcohol in the liver. The present study indicates that EECQ extract possessed potential hepatoprotective activity. This activity may be attributed due to the rich phytoconstituents of the plant extract.

Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of roots of Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr. on D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats by downregulation of inflammatory mediators like TNFα, COX-2 and iNOS

Tetracera akara, a climbing shrub locally called Nennalvalli or Pattuvalli, is an ethnomedicinal plant used by Kani tribe of Kerala to treat chronic liver disorders and inflammatory conditions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of roots of Tetracera akara root on D-Galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN (400 mg/kg in saline) in Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract of T. akara root (TA ETH) was administered to the experimental rats in varying doses of (50, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day), p. o. for 7 days. The hepatoprotective effect was evaluated by the estimation of biochemical markers of hepatic injury, anti-oxidant status of the liver by estimating hepatic catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde, gene and protein expression level of inflammatory marker genes and histopathological evaluation of experimental animals. Administration of TA ETH (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly (P ≤0.05) restored the levels of serum bilirubin, protein and other hepatic enzymes almost comparable to the standard drug Silymarin-treated groups. The levels of antioxidant enzymes like SOD and CAT were elevated and lipid peroxidation was inhibited as evident from the reduced levels of MDA. The gene expression studies by quantitative PCR method showed that TA ETH significantly (P ≤0.05) downregulated pro inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory COX-2 genes and upregulated IL 10 gene levels in D-GalN induced liver tissue, which was further confirmed in protein estimation by ELISA method. The histopathological observations were in correlation with the biochemical findings showing the presence of normal hepatic architecture, which further evidenced the hepatoprotective effect of TA ETH. Ethanolic extract of the root of T. akara possesses significant hepatoprotective activity mainly by scavenging reactive free radicals, boosting the endogenous antioxidant system in liver and inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediator like TNF α, COX-2, iNOS and promoting the anti-inflammatory IL 10, thus substantiating the tribal claim.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Leucas cephalotes against Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Leucas cephalotes against Paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. The ethanolic extract of Leucas cephalotes (600mg/kg) was administered orally to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by Paracetamol (3gm/kg). Silymarin (25mg/kg) was given as reference standard. All the test drugs were administered orally by suspending in 0.5% Carboxy methyl cellulose solution. The plant extract was effective in protecting the liver against the injury induced by Paracetamol in rats. This was evident from significant reduction in serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin. It was concluded from the result that the ethanolic extract of Leucas cephalotes possesses hepatoprotective activity against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ZIZIPHUS RUGOSA LAM. LEAVES

Ziziphus rugosa Lam. belongs to the family Rhamnaceae and is found chiefly in deciduous and semi evergreen forest of Western Ghats. The present research was undertaken to establish in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Z.rugosa Lam. leaves. The powdered leaves of Z. rugosa were extracted with ethanol and preliminary phytochemical screening was performed for the presence of various phytoconstituents. DPPH assay and β-glucuronidase inhibition assay were selected for the free radical scavenging activity. For the assessment of hepatoprotective activity, alcohol and CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity model were used. The phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids. The extract exhibited concentration dependent radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 61.88 μg/ml and β –glucoronidase inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 70.61 μg/ml. It was speculated that the Z. rugosa Lam. ethanolic extract shows dosedependent hepatoprotective activity which is equivalent with the standard drug Silymarin. The inhibition of free radicals or free radical scavenging activity is significant in the protection against CCl4 and alcohol induced hepatopathy. Hence, it is likely that the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Z. rugosa Lam. might contribute to the hepatoprotective action.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Root of Prunus Persica on Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxic in Rats

Objectives: The Objective of the present study is evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Prunus persica on paracetamol induced hepatotoxic in rats. Methods: The roots of Prunus persica was dried under shade and then powdered and extracted with ethanol and the resultant extract was subjected for phytochemical analysis to identify different phytoconstituents. The effect of ethanolic extract of roots of Prunus persica on hepatotoxicity was evaluated by using experimental model of paracetamol induced liver necrosis. In this model the common parameter determined were physical parameter like wet liver weight and biochemical parameter like SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin changes in liver. Histopathological changes in liver were assessed. Results: Phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extract of roots of P. persica revealed the presence of Carbohydrates, Tannins, Amino acids, Flavonoids, Steroids and Cardiac glycosides. Oral administration of Prunus persica extract (400 mg/kg) showed dose related hepatoprotective activity in Paracetamol induced liver necrosis. The parameters SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin level were increased in paracetamol treated group whereas the treatment group like standard and extract decreased. The histopathological examination of the liver in the hepatotoxic animals in Paracetamol model shows liver parenchyma with distorted architecture. Some of the hepatocytes show degenerative changes, while some show apoptosis. Which were less in the treated group and regenerative hepatocytes show in treatment group? Conclusion: A significant hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Prunus persica observed in the present investigation may be due to synergistic potentiate action of its phytoconstituents since they contain a diverse array of active principles which are able to target multiple mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of hepatotoxicity.