Henan Region Research Articles

Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Pattern Optimization of Rural Settlements in the Central Henan Region

Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Pattern Optimization of Rural Settlements in the Central Henan Region

Assessing the urban sustainable development level in the Henan region of the Yellow River Basin based on spatial data

Urban sustainability assessment is fundamental to ensuring the long-term resilience of social, environmental, and economic development. This study proposed a comprehensive evaluation system to assess the sustainable development of the HYRB during 2000–2020 through an integrated sustainable development index (SDI) based on entropy method with spatial data. The major findings of this study were as follows: (1) The SDI of the HYRB increased from 0.438 to 0.489 from 2000 to 2010, while the SDI slightly decreased by 0.026 during 2010–2020. (2) The highest SDIs of 2000 (0.502), 2010 (0.529) and 2020 (0.480) were found in Anyang. Conversely, the lowest SDIs of 2000 (0.390), 2010 (0.459) and 2020 (0.417) were located in Zhengzhou. (3) The SDI variation across regions became more evident in the later study period. This study offers a comprehensive assessment of sustainability levels in the HYRB, providing useful implications for its future sustainable development.

A Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple High-Resolution Precipitation Grid Products for Monitoring Heavy Rainfall during the “7.20” Extreme Rainstorm Event in China

Precipitation products play an important role in monitoring rainstorm processes. This study takes a rare historical event of extreme, heavy precipitation that occurred in Henan Province, China, in July 2021 as a research case. By analyzing the distribution of the spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation errors, using a probability density function of the occurrence of precipitation and the daily variation pattern, we assess the capability of a radar precipitation estimation product (RADAR), satellite precipitation products (IMERG and GSMAP), a reanalysis product (ERA5) and a precipitation fusion product (the CMPAS) to monitor an extreme rainstorm in the Henan region. The CMPAS has the best fit with the gauge observations in terms of the precipitation area, precipitation maximum and the evolution of the whole process, with a low spatial variability of errors. However, the CMPAS slightly underestimated the precipitation extremum at the peak moment (06:00–08:00). The RADAR product was prone to a spurious overestimation of the originally small rainfall, especially during peak precipitation times, with deviations concentrated in the core precipitation area. The IMERG, GSMAP and ERA5 products have similar performances, all of which failed to effectively capture heavy precipitation in excess of 60 mm/h, with negative deviations in precipitation at mountainfront locations west of northern Henan Province. There is still a need for terrain-specific error revisions for areas with large topographic relief. By merging and processing precipitation data from multiple sources, the accuracy of the CMPAS is better than any single-source precipitation product. The CMPAS has the characteristic advantage of high spatial and temporal resolutions (0.01° × 0.01°/1 h), which play a positive role in precipitation dynamic monitoring, providing early warnings of heavy rainfall processes and hydrological application research.

Crustal Structures and Seismogenic Setting of the West Henan Region, North China, as Revealed by Magnetotelluric Imaging

Crustal Structures and Seismogenic Setting of the West Henan Region, North China, as Revealed by Magnetotelluric Imaging

Quantitative attribution of historical anthropogenic warming on the extreme rainfall event over Henan in July 2021

The ‘21·7’ Henan extreme rainfall event (HNER) caused severe damage and many fatalities. The daily precipitation during this event (from 1200 UTC on 19 July 2021–1200 UTC on 20 July 2021) was 552.5 mm and the maximum hourly precipitation was 201.9 mm (at 0900 UTC on 20 July 2021). Previous studies have suggested that an evaluation of the role of anthropogenic climate change in extreme rainfall events is crucial in disaster prevention and mitigation under the current global climate crisis. We examined the changes in the coverage and intensity of extreme rainfall during the ‘21·7’ HNER event under anthropogenic climate change using a set of convective permitting simulations. Our results showed that the regional-average magnitude of the 48 h accumulated rainfall during the ‘21·7’ HNER was increased by 5.7% (95% confidence interval: 4%–11%), which is in agreement with the Clausius–Clapeyron rate, while the area of extreme rainfall (⩾500 mm) increased by 29.9% (95% confidence interval: 21%–40%) as a result of anthropogenic climate change over the Henan region during the late 20th century. Anthropogenic climate change has led to a warm moist tongue over the target region, which has increased the column-integrated water vapor content and induced an anomalous cyclone–anticyclone pair. Anthropogenic warming has caused stronger southerly and southeasterly winds, leading to stronger convergence in the lower troposphere, stronger updrafts in the mid-troposphere and stronger divergent winds in the upper levels. These effects have all contributed to the increase in rainfall. These results enhance our understanding of the dynamic effects of anthropogenic warming on the ‘21·7’ HNER and provide additional evidence that anthropogenic warming increased the magnitude of the ‘21·7’ HNER in China.

Peroxy radical chemistry during ozone photochemical pollution season at a suburban site in the boundary of Jiangsu–Anhui–Shandong–Henan region, China

Ambient peroxy radical (RO2⁎ = HO2 + RO2) concentrations were measured at a suburban site in a major prefecture-level city (Huaibei) in the boundary of Jiangsu–Anhui–Shandong–Henan region, which is the connecting belt of air pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta. Measurements were carried out during the period of September to October 2021 to elucidate the formation mechanism of O3 pollution. The observed maximum concentration of peroxy radicals was 73.8 pptv. A zero-dimensional box model (Framework for 0-Dimensional Atmospheric Modeling, F0AM) based on Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM3.3.1) was used to predict radical concentrations for comparison with observations. The model reproduced the daily variation of peroxy radicals well, but discrepancies still appear in the morning hours. As in previous field campaigns, systematic discrepancies between modelled and measured RO2⁎ concentrations are observed in the morning for NO mixing ratios higher than 1 ppbv. Between 6:00 and 9:00 am, the model significantly underpredicts RO2⁎ by a mean factor of 7.2. This underprediction can be explained by a missing RO2⁎ source of 1.2 ppbv h−1 which originated from the photochemical conversion of an alkene-like chemical species. From the model results it shows that the main sources of ROx (= OH + HO2 + RO2) are the photolysis of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs, 33 %), O3 and HONO (25 %), and HCHO (24 %). And the major sinks of ROx transitioned from a predominant reaction of radicals with NOx in the morning to a predominant peroxy self- and cross-reaction in the late afternoon. The introduction of an alkene-like species increased RO2 radical concentration and resulted in 14 % increase in net daily integrated ozone production, indicating the possible significance of the mechanism of alkene-like species oxidation to peroxy radicals. This study provides important information for subsequent ozone pollution control policies in Jiangsu–Anhui–Shandong–Henan region.

Sources of PM2.5 and its responses to emission reduction strategies in the Central Plains Economic Region in China: Implications for the impacts of COVID-19

The Central Plains Economic Region (CPER) located along the transport path to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area has experienced severe PM2.5 pollution in recent years. However, few modeling studies have been performed on the sources of PM2.5, especially the impacts of emission reduction strategies. In this study, the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System (NAQPMS) with an online tracer-tagging module was adopted to investigate source sectors of PM2.5 and a series of sensitivity tests were conducted to investigate the impacts of different sector-based mitigation strategies on PM2.5 pollution. The response surfaces of pollutants to sector-based emission changes were built. The results showed that resident-related sector (resident and agriculture), fugitive dust, traffic and industry emissions were the main sources of PM2.5 in Zhengzhou, contributing 49%, 19%, 15% and 13%, respectively. Response surfaces of pollutants to sector-based emission changes in Henan revealed that the combined reduction of resident-related sector and industry emissions efficiently decreased PM2.5 in Zhengzhou. However, reduced emissions in only the Henan region barely satisfied the national air quality standard of 75 μg/m3, whereas a 50%–60% reduction in resident-related sector and industry emissions over the whole region could reach this goal. On severely polluted days, even a 60% reduction in these two sectors over the whole region was insufficient to satisfy the standard of 75 μg/m3. Moreover, a reduction in traffic emissions resulted in an increase in the O3 concentration. The results of the response surface method showed that PM2.5 in Zhengzhou decreased by 19% in response to the COVID-19 lockdown, which approached the observed reduction of 21%, indicating that the response surface method could be employed to study the impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air pollution. This study provides a scientific reference for the formulation of pollution mitigation strategies in the CPER.

Analysis of DSG2, TTN and GATA4 gene variants in patients with Brugada syndrome from Henan

To explore the correlation between DSG2, TTN and GATA4 genes and Brugada syndrome in Henan Province of China. From February 2017 to February 2019, 100 patients with Brugada syndrome and 100 healthy individuals were selected as the study and the control groups, respectively. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography were carried out, and peripheral blood samples was collected. Coding regions of DSG2, TTN and GATA4 genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The results were compared with standard sequences from GenBank. Electrocardiogram showed that all patients from the study group had ventricular arrhythmia, 87 cases (87%) presented ventricular tachycardia (VT), 84 cases (84%) presented T wave inversion, and 51 cases (51%) presented Epsilon wave. Echocardiography showed that the right ventricle in the study group was enlarged with the inner diameter of the right ventricle being (40.0±13.3) mm, and the right ventricle showed various degree of abnormal systolic function. The enlargement of right atrium accounted for 64%, and the involvement of the left ventricle accounted for 27%. The right ventricular diameter and left ventricular diastolic diameter of the study group were significantly greater than those of the control group (P< 0.05). DNA sequencing showed that 60 patients carried DSG2 gene variants, among which 18 had missense variant of exon 8. Fifty patients carried TTN gene variants, including 8 in the A-band domain and 3 in the I-band domain. Twenty patients carried 3 variants of the GATA4 gene. Variants of the DSG2, TTN and GATA4 genes in Henan region are correlated with the onset of Brugada syndrome.

Managing sustainability development of the agricultural sphere based on the entropy weight TOPSIS model

The evaluation of rural governance capacity is a crucial part of studying the economic and social development of rural areas in the Henan Province. Based on the theory of social structure, this article studies the rural governance capacity. We construct a governance capacity evaluation indicator system from the perspective of social structure theory and use the entropy weight method TOPSIS evaluation model to calculate indicator weight and governance ability score of every township. The results illustrate that the overall governance capacity score is low, and there are differences among regions. The weights, which are different among different governance agents, provide a certain guidance for effectively improving governance capabilities. This study will offer a reference for the assessment of the governance of rural areas in Henan or in areas with similar economic and social development to the Henan region.

A recent emission inventory of multiple air pollutant, PM2.5 chemical species and its spatial-temporal characteristics in central China

A high–resolution emission inventory of primary air pollutants of 18 cities in Henan region, as the representative of central plains of China, was developed based on the combination of bottom–up and top-down methods. It was found that the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 mm or less (PM10), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mm or less (PM2.5), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and ammonia (NH3) in 2016 were 780.4, 1682.9, 7152.8, 1440.3, 757.2, 1110.7, and 982.0 Gg, respectively. The emissions of the three major PM2.5 species, namely, Organic carbon (OC), Elemental carbon (EC), and sulfate (SO42−), were 161.2, 83.1, and 64.6 Gg, respectively. Stationary combustion was the largest contributor to SO2, NOx, CO, and PM2.5 emissions with 71.6%, 49.0%, 34.1%, and 24.7% contributions, respectively. Dust was the dominant source of PM10 emissions (42.4%), whereas industrial process was the largest contributor to VOCs emission (34.8%). Agricultural source contributed 87.7% of NH3 emission. The emissions were mainly distributed over the northwest and central part of Henan, and cities of Anyang, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, and Jiaozuo were the major contributors. Large NH3 emissions occurred during May to September, and high emissions of other pollutants were found from October to January. According to the Gini coefficients of per capital Gross Domestic Product (GDP) distribution among multiple air pollutants, the SO2 and NH3 emissions had high regional disparity, and the cities of Anyang and Zhengzhou had a high economic–environment inequity. Furthermore, this results were evaluated by comparing with other studies and the trend of spatiotemporal observed ambient concentration, which proves that the results are reliable. This work may benefit the government to further understand current local emission characteristics and formulation of targeted air pollution control measures.

Occurrence and distribution of priority pharmaceuticals in the Yellow River and the Huai River in Henan, China.

The occurrence andspatial distribution of priority pharmaceuticals (PPs) in water samples from the Yellow River and the Huai River in the Henan region of China were investigated in this study. The concentration of the total PPs (ΣPPs; sum of the 10 observed PPs) ranged from not detected to 3474ngL-1 in samples from the Yellow River and from 4.35 to 146ngL-1 in samples from the Huai River. The level of the ΣPPs in the Huai River was much lower than that found in the Yellow River. The composition of the PPs differed between the two rivers. Norfloxacin, carbamazepine, and 5,5-diphenylhydantoin were detected at high concentrations in the Yellow River, whereas sulfamethazine, ampicillin trihydrate, carbamazepine, and 5,5-diphenylhydantoin were the dominant species in the Huai River, suggesting there were different pollution sources. In comparison to other studies around China, most of the PPs in water samples from the Yellow River and the Huai River were at low concentrations, except for norfloxacin and ofloxacin. There were significant seasonal variations among the PPs in water samples from the Huai River, whereas spatial distinctions were recorded among the PPs in the Yellow River. Dissolved organic carbon content did not correlate with the PPs in the studied area.

Identification and assessment of pathogenicity of a naturally reassorted infectious bursal disease virus from Henan, China

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is still a vital etiological agent in poultry farms. IBDV outbreaks occasionally occur due to the presence of very virulent, reassortment or variant strains. Vaccine immunization has played crucial roles in IBD control for decades. However, survival pressure of IBDV from the vaccine immunization also increases the reassortments of circulating viruses. In this study, an IBDV strain was isolated from several broiler farms in Henan Province, central part of China, and named IBDV HN strain. Based on the results of RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenic analyses of VP1 and VP2 genes, the IBDV HN strain is a novel reassortment strain in the Henan region. Segment A of this strain appears to originate from the very virulent IBDV strain, while segment B comes from the other field reassortment strains. This may be the result of natural reassortant of virus circulating in the field. About 60% (6/10) of experimentally infected specific pathogen-free chickens died after 3 to 5 d post-infection with typical symptom and pathological lesions. The IBDV HN strain was prone to horizontal transmission, which poses a serious threat to the chicken industry. Further investigation on the prevalence, virulence, and evolution of HN strain IBDV will provide a foundation for the prevention and control of the disease in this region.

Analysis of cytogenetic characteristics and fertility of carriers of complex chromosomal rearrangements from Henan region

To explore cytogenetic characteristics and fertility of carriers of complex chromosome rearrangements (CCR) from Henan region. G-banded karyotyping analysis was carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes derived from 160 601 patients with reproductive abnormalities. Relevant literature was retrieved from domestic and overseas databases. Cytogenetic characteristics and clinical data of CCR carriers were analyzed. Twenty-seven CCR carriers were identified among the 160 601 patients. In addition, 6 cases were identified from the database research. Among the 33 CCR carriers, there were 17 three- and four-way exchange cases (51.5%), 10 double two-way exchange cases (30.3%), and 6 unusual CCRs (18.2%). Infertility was noted in 14 (42.4%) of the CCR carries. A total of 38 pregnancies were achieved in the remaining 19 cases (57.6%), among which spontaneous abortions or embryonic losses have occurred in 89.5% (34/38), multiple congenital abnormalities have occurred in 7.9% (3/38), while phenotypically normal offspring have occurred in 2.6% (1/38). Chromosomes 1, 11, 2, 4, 5 and 12 were more frequently involved, with their breakpoints occurred more than 3 times at 1p22, 11q23, 12p13 and 22q11. CCR carriers are at a higher risk for abnormal pregnancies. Even for those with normal pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis should be provided. Chromosomes and their breakpoints involved in CCR may affect the fertility of CCR carriers. Analyzing the types of CCR and involved chromosomes and breakpoints can facilitate genetic counseling for CCR carriers.

Research on the treatment effects and drug resistances of long-term second-line antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients from Henan Province in China

BackgroundHIV/AIDS patients who fail to respond to first-line treatment protocols are switched to second-line ART. Identifying factors that influence effective second-line treatment can improve utilization of limited medical resources. We investigated the efficacy of long-term second-line anti-retroviral therapy (ART) after first-line virologic failure as well as the impact of non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations and medication adherence on ineffective viral suppression.MethodsA total of 120 patients were evaluated at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 months after initiation of second-line ART; a paper questionnaire was administered via a face-to-face interview and venous blood samples were collected. CD4+ T cell count, viral load, and drug resistance genotypes were quantified.ResultsCD4+ T cell counts increased from 170 cells/μL (IQR 100–272) at baseline to 359 cells/μL (IQR 236–501) after 48 months of second-line treatment. Viral load (log10) decreased from 4.58 copies/mL (IQR 3.96–5.17) to 1.00 copies/mL (IQR 1.00–3.15). After switching to second-line ART, nine patients newly acquired the NRTI drug-resistant mutation, M184 V/I. No major PI resistance mutations were detected. Logistical regression analysis indicated that medication adherence < 90% in the previous month was associated with ineffective viral suppression; baseline high/low/moderate level resistance to 3TC/TDF was protective towards effective viral suppression.ConclusionsLong-term second line ART was effective in the Henan region of China. Drug resistance mutations to NRTIs were detected in patients receiving second-line ART, suggesting that drug resistance surveillance should be continued to prevent the spread of resistant strains. Patient medication adherence supervision and management should be strengthened to improve the efficacy of antiviral treatment.

English

Biochar is a carbon-rich product from pyrolysis of biomass at relatively low temperatures in a closed system with limited oxygen. The product has been shown to have economic and environmental benefits, ranging from improved soil moisture retention for carbon sequestration, reduced pollution and dependence on inorganic fertilizers. Additionally, biochar can be produced on-farm by small scale farmers using locally made stoves as well as on industrial scale in bioenergy plants. Chinese government is fast tracking commercial production of biochar based fertilizers from pyrolysis of crop straw. However, most of the work on biochar is confined to universities and other research institutions mainly through field trials. Yet, without understanding of farmers’ roles as the main stakeholders in generation and use of this innovation, use of biochar is unlikely to be effective. Using survey data collected in the Henan region, Central China where major biochar industries are located, this study assesses farmers’ perspectives and adoption decisions on the use of biochar in agricultural production. A binary logit model is used to analyze the factors influencing biochar adoption. Higher probabilities of adopting biochar are observed among farmers with more contact with extension officers and other sources of information, higher levels of education, credit access and those belonging to farmers’ groups. Furthermore, the perceived positive aspects of biochar increased the probability of biochar adoption. These results strongly suggest that, government interventions in these areas are needed to realize the full potential of biochar production and use by farmers’. Key words: Biochar adoption, logit model, smallholder farmers’, agriculture, China.

豫西丘陵坡地弃耕农田植被演替对土壤碳、氮库的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 豫西丘陵坡地弃耕农田植被演替对土壤碳、氮库的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201709261739 作者: 作者单位: 河南科技大学,河南科技大学,河南科技大学,河南科技大学,河南科技大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: NSFC-河南人才培养联合基金（U1304306）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA05050402）；河南科技大学第六届研究生创新基金（CXJJ-2016-ZR12） Effects of vegetation succession on soil carbon and nitrogen storage in abandoned hilly farmlands of the Western Henan Region Author: Affiliation: Henan University of Science and Technology,,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在豫西丘陵坡地弃耕农田中，设置一个时间梯度为1，3，8，15，25 a的弃耕演替系列，调查其群落数量特征、物种组成、植被与土壤的碳、氮储量，分析群落的自然次生演替过程，并探讨土壤碳库与氮库对植物群落演替的响应机制。结果表明，弃耕农田群落演替缓慢，阶段性不明显，大致可划分为一、二年生草本→多年生草本+灌木两个阶段。定植物种的多样性变化与附近的原生植被有关。在25 a的演替进程中，草本植物始终占据优势，旱生植物数量约是中生植物的4倍，C3植物数量逐渐增多；群落α多样性指数呈先增大后减小趋势，Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数与Shannon-Wiener综合多样性指数最大值分别为1.53、0.95、2.18，表明弃耕农田的自然演替促使群落结构更加复杂并趋向稳定。群落植物的碳、氮储量随着生物量的增加而增加，在25 a时分别达到313.14 g/m2和11.69 g/m2。土壤碳储量与氮储量的变化相反，在演替后期（25 a）土壤碳储量增加到960.98 g/m2，而氮储量则降低至27.08 g/m2，表明豫西弃耕农田土壤具有"固碳放氮"的生态现象。RDA分析表明，群落盖度、密度和生物量是影响土壤碳、氮储量的主要因子。从群落的生态功能变化分析，按照弃耕演替时间推进，土壤碳储量逐渐增大，有利于生态系统碳固定；而土壤氮库的缩减则不利于群落的稳定，建议增加群落中豆科植物的丰富度，从而促进土壤氮素固定，缓解氮素流失。 Abstract:Understanding the vegetation, soil status, and their relationship on abandoned farmland plays an important role in the determination of future land use. In this study, five hilly farmlands abandoned for different periods of time (1, 3, 8, 15, and 25 years) were selected as a series of successive abandonments in the Western henan region to investigate the quantitative characteristics and species composition of the plant community and the carbon and nitrogen storage in vegetation and the soil, to analyze the natural secondary succession process of the plant community, and to discuss how the soil carbon and nitrogen pool responded to the plant community succession. The main results indicated that:The abandoned farmland communities that possessed a slow succession progress and generally included two indistinct succession stages, from annual or biennial herbs to perennial herbs and shrubs. The plant species diversity was closely related to the surrounding native vegetation. Over 25 years, herbs in the community always had an advantage status, the number of xerophytes was more than four times that of mesophytes, and the quantity of C3 plants increased gradually. The α diversity index first increased and then decreased, and the maximum values of the Margalef, Pielou and Shannon-Wiener indices were 1.53, 0.95, and 2.18, respectively. These data could provide proof that the community structure became more complex and stable after a natural succession process of 25 years. Both plant carbon storage and nitrogen storage increased as the community biomass constantly accumulated, reaching values of 313.14 g/m2 and 11.69 g/m2, respectively, at the 25-year succession stage. The soil carbon storage trend opposed that of soil nitrogen storage. In the climax stage (25 a), the soil carbon storage increased to 960.98 g/m2, whereas the soil nitrogen storage was reduced to 27.08 g/m2. Therefore, the changes in the soil property of the abandoned farmlands in the Western henan region resulted in the ecological phenomenon of "carbon fixation and nitrogen release". Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the community coverage, density and biomass were the main factors affecting soil carbon and nitrogen storage. The analysis of the ecological function changes of these communities showed that soil carbon storage gradually increased as the time since abandonment increased, which was beneficial to the carbon fixation of the ecosystem. However, the reduction in soil nitrogen storage in abandoned farmlands did not, contribute to the stability of the ecosystem. Thus, an increase the richness of leguminous plants in the community was suggested to promote biological immobilization of soil total nitrogen and alleviate soil nitrogen loss. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The Green Circular Development Strategy of the Qinba Mountain Area in the Henan region (Funiu Mountains) of China

The Green Circular Development Strategy of the Qinba Mountain Area in the Henan region (Funiu Mountains) of China

Spatio-temporal variation of haze days and atmospheric circulation pattern in China (1961–2013)

Severe haze, which threatens human health and the economic development, occurs more and more frequently in China. For more than 60 days in 2013, severe haze covered nearly all the eastern and southern parts of China, in particular the Beijing–Hebei–Henan region, the Shanghai–Nanjing–Hangzhou region, and the Guangdong–Guangxi region. Based on observed haze data from 181 ground based meteorological stations and reanalysis data from NCEP for the period from 1961 to 2013, a statistical analysis on spatio-temporal changes in haze days and their relationship with meteorological parameters in China has been conducted. Due to high interests and quantitative details, Beijing, Nanjing, and Guangzhou are chosen to represent the typical haze-affected megacities located in the three identified regions. The research results reveal that the frequency of haze days has persistently increased in Nanjing and Guangzhou since 1961, while Beijing experienced an upward trend since 2000. An abrupt change point in the annual number of haze days in China is found for the year 2000, since then the frequency of haze days increased significantly.The analysis also shows that the probability of rainless days and windless days to occur before or at a haze day ranges between 80% and 90%. Furthermore, the frequency of haze days shows a strong positive correlation with the frequency of windless days and rainless days. The time series of both meteorological indicators have shown steady increasing trends since 1961. Next to industrial emissions, windless days and rainless days can be attributed to be the major climate factors related to the worsening of the haze events in China. This relation is underlined by the atmospheric circulation pattern, which were dominated by a weaker than usual cold wave over China in December 2013. This pressure system led to warm-dry weather conditions and enabled inversions, and hence supported the formation of more than average haze days.

Validate the DSSAT Model on Winter Wheat under Conservation Tillage Treatments in the West Henan, China

Crop growth simulation models can be useful in evaluating the impacts of different tillage and residue management operations on the changes in land productivity and soil-water balance components. They offer a potentially valuable set of tools for examining questions related to performance of conservation agriculture. This can be both to improve our understanding or conceptualization of processes and to improve quantitative predictions for use by agronomists, growers, policy makers or others. We applied the new Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) version 4.5, an improved crop growth simulation model, to three conservation agriculture treatments and one conventional tillage treatment data from a field-scale study in west Henan region of China to predict winter-wheat yield, leaf area index and soil-water balance. The sites average annual precipitation is 632mm and it had a winter wheat-fallow-winter wheat rotation. There winter wheat planting in October and harvesting in next year June. The model was calibrated using 2005-2006 winter-wheat crop data from field experiments of the four treatments. The treatments were: (1) decreased tillage (DT): mulching of 10-15cm height straw and one ploughing operation to 25cm depth on July 1st; (2) zero tillage (ZT): zero tillage with 35-40cm height straw mulching; (3) subsoiling (SS): 35-40cm height straw mulching and subsoil to 40cm depth on July 1st; (4) conventional tillage (CT): 10-15cm height straw mulching and two ploughing operations 20cm deep on July 1st and October 1st. The DSSAT satisfactorily simulated the four treatments variations in winter-wheat yield, leaf area index and soil-water balance. There was better agreement between observed and predicted yields (the error absolute values were less than 3.95% and the error mean absolute values were less than 2.78%). The mean value of root mean square errors (RMSE) for simulated leaf area index (LAI) and soil water storage were 0.41cm2·cm-2 and 0.08cm3·cm-3 for DT, ZT, SS and CT, treatment respectively. The predicted water use efficiency for the four treatments were 15.85, 15.40, 16.58 and 15.81kg·mm-1·ha-1, respectively. These values were close to the values calculated from field measured data (16.82, 14.44, 16.86 and 15.66kg·mm-1·ha-1, respectively). Although the analysis results show us that the DSSAT V4.5 is well suited for simulating winter-wheat growth in the West Henan region of China, these results are preliminary and based on only one year of experimental data and four treatments and further long-term analyses need to be carried out for improving the understanding of the conservation agriculture cropping systems in the west Henan region of China.

Study on Issues of Technical Upgrading and Sustainable Innovation of Energy Industry in Henan Province

Applied with the methodologies of investigation, contrast and analysis this paper becomes more scientific, realistic and effective. Based on the careful study of the energy industry in Henan region the paper proposes some innovative and developmental suggestions. The study of the topic has testified that the local economic development nowadays much relies on energy than anytime before. Because of the oneness and finites of energy resources in Henan region there are very serious existing issues in Henan energy industry. If the increasing speed of energy supply lags behind the increasing speed of energy consumption Henan regional economy would be received a strong impact. The degree how the energy demand is met and the degree how safe the energy supply is, are even much important than manpower, capital and technology in determining the stabilization and growth of future economy. Pushcing on the technicval upgrading and suatainable innovation of energy industry should be the key tasks to remain the local economic growth in the future.