Hen-day Production Research Articles

EFFECTS OF SOME LEAFY VEGETABLES AND THEIR COMBINATIONS AS FEED ADDITIVES ON PERFORMANCE, EGG QUALITY AND SHELF- LIFE

This study was aimed at exploiting the nutritive and preservative potentials of leafy vegetables on egg quality and shelf-life. 189 Lohman Brown Classic point-of-lay chickens at sixteen weeks with average weight of 1550-1620g were used in a 12-week feeding trials. The birds were allotted on weight equalization basis to seven feeding treatments (T1-T7). T1 was white maize without additive, T2 was yellow maize without additives while T3-T7 were white maize, fortified with synthetic yolk colourant (T3); fortified with Corchorus olitorius (T4); fortified with Talinum fruticosum (T5); fortified with Chromolaena odorata (T6); and fortified with a blend of Corchorus, Talinum and Chromolaena at 0.33% each (T7) respectively. Results obtained from this study showed that the dietary treatments had effects on the performance parameters. Chickens on T3 recorded the highest (P<0.05) Hen-day production followed by T1 and T7 with values ranging from 69.95-89.57%. Similar pattern was observed with Feed/dozen egg. Chickens on T2 had the heaviest egg (63.41 g) followed by T3 (59.45 g) and T1 (58.56 g). The pH values of eggs from T1, T2, T4 and T6 increased as the eggs age while it decreases in T3 and T7. The microbial load in eggs from chickens fed with T1 and T5 increased, T3 remain stable whereas eggs from T2, T4, T6 and T7 decreased with storage days. This study revealed that the blend of Corchorus, Talinum and Chromolaena can be used as alternative source of feed additive without deleterious effects on laying performance, quality characteristics and storage life.

The Effect of Phytobiotics Supplementation and Magnetized Drinking Water on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the production performance and egg quality of laying hens supplemented with phytobiotics and magnetized drinking water. This experiment used 2700 gauss level in Magnetized Drinking Water (MDW). The phytobiotics had two form: the non-encapsulated phytobiotics (PTO) and encapsulated phytobiotics (EPTO). There were untreated water (control) and the treated water (MDW, PTO, PTO+MDW, EPTO, EPTO+MDW). The treatments were presented by 0.6% for each treatment. The result showed highly significant (p&lt;0.01) improvement on feed conversion ratio (FCR) but no significant effect on other production performance variables including feed intake, hen day production (HDP), egg mass, and income over feed cost (IOFC). The results indicated a highly significant improvement (p&lt;0.01) on egg weight and yolk cholesterol. There were no significant effects on shape index (SI), shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit (HU), albumen height, yolk weight, yolk index (YI), and yolk color of egg quality variables. It was concluded that the encapsulated form (EPTO and EPTO+MDW) had the best improvement on FCR and yolk cholesterol, on another hand the non-encapsulated form (PTO and PTO+MDW) increased the egg weight of laying hens

Effect of saline processed Icacinia manni (earthball) on performance, egg quality, blood profiles and carcass indices of laying hens

Twelve week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of 10 and 20% replacement of maize with Icacinia manni meal processed in saline on the laying performance, egg quality characteristics, internal organ evaluation, hematological and serum biochemistry of laying hens. Three experimental diets were formulated in which Icacinia manni processed in saline replaced maize at 0% for T1 (control) 10 and 20% for T2 and T3, respectively. One hundred and eighty laying hens (Isa Brown) with 6 weeks of laying life were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments with nine replicates of twenty birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The laying performance, carcass/organs, hematology and serum biochemistry, egg quality analysis showed no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) at the end of the experiment. The values for hen-day production of birds fed 10% Icacinia manni processed in saline showed numerical increase for hen day egg production and egg weight over the control and 20% groups (T1 and T3 respectively). The study revealed that Icacinia manni processed in saline can replace 20% maize in layers diets without detrimental effect on the performance, egg quality characteristics, internal organs, haematology and serum biochemical indices.

Pengaruh Teknik Micronizing Jagung Kuning pada Ransum Ayam Isa Brown Leghorn Terhadap Kualitas Isi Telur

This article presents the results of research on the effect of micronizing techniques on chicken rations isa brown leghorn on the quality of egg contents. Isa Brown eggs are one type of egg that can meet the nutritional needs of people in Indonesia. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) using 3 treatments. and 6 replications. The analysis used one factor ANOVA test (One Way ANOVA) with SPSS 16.0. Followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a level of 5%. Based on the results of the study showed that the yellow corn micronizing technique had a significant effect on egg quality in (1) ration consumption of; (2) Hen day production (HDP); (3) Index albumen; (4) Yolk index; (5) Haugh index, with sig. (P&lt;0.05). While the yellow corn micronizing technique had a significant effect on egg yolk color and eggshell color (P&gt;0.05). The effect of the yellow corn micronizing technique on brown leghorn isa chicken rations on the quality of egg contents showed an increase in quality in the treatment of fine grain yellow corn rations.

Effects of Stocking Density on the Performance Characteristics, Egg Quality, and Nutrient Composition of the Eggs of Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

Purpose: The aim is to study the effects of stocking density on the performance characteristics, egg quality, and nutrient composition of the eggs of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Subjects and Methods: Two hundred and ninety-six (296) day-old sexed Japanese quails assigned to four different stocking densities (treatments) with four replicates conducted in the rainy season. The groups (I to IV) contained 11, 16, 21, and 26 quails in the approximate sex ratio of 1:1 (male: female) with stock densities 252.20 cm2, 173.43 cm2, 132.10 cm2, and 106.73 cm2/quail respectively. Standard procedures were adopted in data generation, collation and analyses. Results: The results showed significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in weight gain, hen-day production, hen-housed production, total egg /hen, external and internal egg parameters across the treatments. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.38 % and lowest mortality (2.27 %) were obtained from group one and compared with those in groups two and three. The highest mortality rate was observed in group IV (12.50 %). The proximate analysis and mineral composition of the eggs recorded the highest values from group I which was also compared with the rest of the groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that 173.43 cm2 and 132.10 cm2/quail bird compared well with the standard (252.20 cm2/quail bird) and hence could still be adopted in quail farming without compromising their welfare and performance.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING GRADED LEVELS OF ALTERNATIVE LOCALLY PRODUCED NATURAL VITAMIN PREMIX ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS

One hundred and twenty (120) Harco laying hens were randomly allocated to diets containing graded levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) of locally produced Natural vitamin premix (LPNVP) with the sole objective of its assessing influence on the laying performance of the hens. Feed intake, percentage Hen-day production (HDP), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), egg weight (EW), egg specific gravity (ESG), egg shell thickness (EST), Haugh unit (HU) and estimated gross profit. (EGP) were not influenced (P &lt; 0.05) by the type of premix used (synthetic or natural). Inclusion of LPNVP in layers’ feed at dietary levels 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% resulted in better egg quality and estimated economic returns than observed in birds fed with the diet containing reference synthetic vitamin premix (SVP)

Addition of papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed meal on quail production performance

This study was determined the effect of adding papaya seed meal on quail performances. A total of 168 75-days-old quail were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replications with seven birds on each replications. The experimental treatments were diet contain 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% papaya seed meal. The experimental diet were given for four weeks. Parameters were feed intake, total production, henday production, egg weight and feed conversion. The data was analysed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). We found that adding papaya seed meal significantly decrease feed intake, total production and henday production (P<0.05). However, adding papaya seed meal was unaffected egg weight and feed conversion.

INCLUSION RATE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PROLONGED FEEDING OF COCOA BEAN CAKE ON LAYERS

The effect of inclusion of cocoa bean cake (CBC) on productive performance and physiological response of Isa Brown pullets to prolonged feeding of CBC were investigated. Dietary inclusion of CBC (0, 50, 100 and 200g kg-1 diet) were monitored in typical poultry diet from day old to 51 weeks of age. Sexual maturity and attained of 50% hen-day production were delayed with increasing level of CBC. Egg quality indices were higher (P &lt; 0.05) at 200g kg-1 CBC diet but with reduced (P &lt; 0.05) shell thickness. CBC had no significant influence on yolk or whole egg cholesterol, follicular weight and number. Layers on 0 and 50 kg-1 CBC diets had higher (P &lt; 0.05) percentage of yellow follicles but lower white follicles. Liver and pancreatic hypertrophy were observed for CBC-fed layers but with reduced (P &lt; 0.05) abdominal fat and oviduct length. The long term feeding of CBC at level more than 50g kg-1 diet progressively had a deteriorating effect on laying performance and follicular development.

Response of Laying Hens to total Dietary Replacement of Maize with Cassava.

he response of Isa Brown laying hens during 77–85 weeks of age to peeled unfermented cassava root meal (CRM) as total substitute for maize in diet was examined. Eighty (80) hens were assigned to four dietary treatment groups (T1,T2,T3 and T4) in a completely randomized design. The control diet (CD) contained 40% maize while the proportion of maize in the CD was replaced with 100, 110 and 120% CRM amounting to 40, 44 and 48% of cassava in diet for T2, T3, and T4 respectively. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The CRM diets produced statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) improvements by leading to lower feed intake, better feed conversion and increased hen day production (HDP) with increasing levels of CRM in diet. Although the eggs obtained from birds fed the CD had significantly higher yolk weight than those from the CRM, there was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in egg weight in all treatment groups. The best overall performance was achieved from birds fed 48% (120% replacement) cassava diet.

Effects of replacing dietary fish meal or soybean meal with shrimp waste meal on the performance of laying hens

One hundred and forty-four (144) 45 week old laying hens of Black Nera strain were used in an experiment to determine the effect of replacing dietary fish meal (FM) or soybean meal (SBM) with shrimp waste meal (SWM) on the performance of laying birds. The birds were randomly allocated to three groups of 48 birds each. Each group was further divided into four replicates of twelve (12) birds each. Three iso-proteinous and iso-caloric diets were formulated such that a practical layer diet which served as the control diet (diet I) contained soybean meal (SBM) and fishmeal (FM) as the major protein sources. In diet 2, the FM in the control diet (25gkg') was replaced by SWM (40.43kg ') (protein for protein), while SWM (201.5gkg"') was made to replace the SBM (180gkg') in the control diet (protein for protein) in diet 3. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum. The experiment lasted 10 weeks. The performance in terms of feed intake, hen-day production, egg number and efficiency of egg production (i.e. dozen egg per kg feed) indicated that birds on diet ? (SWM/SBM) performed equally well as those in the control diet. Performance was however significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced when SWM replaced the protein supplied by SBM in which case about 20% of SWM was employed. There were no significant differences in the albumen height, shell thickness, egg shape index and haugh units of eggs produced. Birds on diet 3 however had the lowest (P&lt;0.05) values of egg weight, egg length, egg breadth and the weights of yolk and albumen, Results of this study showed that shrimp waste-meal at minimal level (4%) can successfully replace fishmeal in a practical layers diet without negatively affecting performance or egg quality of the birds. However, replacing 180g SBM/kg with 201.5g SWM/kg diet had detrimental effect on performance probably because of the high level of SWM that was employed.

The Effect of AUDI Technology with Improvement Ration on Productivity of Arab's Hen 2nd Phase

This study used the AUDI’s technology application with repair rations, aimed at increasing the productivity of Arab’s hens in the 2 nd phase. The repair ration is focused on the addition of calcium minerals. AUDI technology is a combination of water filtering technology with extract beluntas (Pluchea indica L.). The research used seventy two Arab’s hen with homogenous body weight. The study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments, 6 replications, each replication consisting of 3 chickens. The research was conducted in 6 weeks of treatment. The parameters measured in this study were ration consumption, calcium consumption, hen day production (HDP), eggshell weight, and thickness. The results showed that the use of AUDI technology on rations significantly improved (p &lt;0.05) affected ration consumption, calcium consumption, and increased hen day production (HDP), but did not affect weight, and thickness of an eggshell. Feed intake and calcium consumption significantly influenced by differences in calcium and crude protein in the rations. Based on these results, it was found that the use of AUDI technology was able to shorten the clutch cycle in laying hens so that production still reached 60-70% equivalent with phase I. Weight and thickness of eggshells were not affected by the use of AUDI technology and improved rations because the hens used as subject had reached peak production.

Egg quality analysis and performance of laying hens fed different levels of calcium

This study was conducted to examine the quality of eggs and the performance of laying hens fed different levels of calcium. The study was carried out at the Poultry Unit of University of Port Harcourt Teaching and Research Farm, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. One hundred and twenty black Harco birds were used for the study using the completely randomized design. The laying birds were fed with diets consisting of different level of calcium (Ca), which comprised mainly of limestone and bone meal such that treatment 1 (T1) had 2.5 % Ca, T2 ? 3.5%, T3 ? 4.5% and T4 ? 5.5% Ca, respectively. All the birds were raised within four treatment groups which had three replicates of 10 birds each. At the termination of the study, the eggs and the feed records were used to compute the hen-day production (HDP), feed intake, number of eggs laid per hen, dozens of eggs laid per hen, feed consumed per dozen egg, cost of feed per dozen egg produced and mortality. Six eggs were collected from each replicate to study the eggs external quality (egg weight and width, the weight of the shell, the egg shape index, egg length, shell index and thickness) and internal quality (albumen weight, yolk diameter, yolk height and index, yolk pH and pH of the albumen, albumen height, yolk weight, yolk ratio and yolk albumen ratio). The study revealed that significant (P&lt;0.05) differences existed in the performance parameters such as the hen-day production (HDP), feed intake, number of eggs laid per hen, dozens of eggs produced per hen, feed consumed per dozen egg produced and the cost of feed per dozen egg produced. The hens fed the T2 and T3had the highest HDP, those fed the T3andT4 had better feed conversion while the feed cost for T3 feed was the best (the least). Significant differences were also observed in some of the external and internal parameters of the eggs, including, the egg weight, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk index and Haugh unit (HU) while others were not affected. Although the egg from T4 had the highest HU, eggs from all the treatment were within the 'AA' group (HU of more than 72) termed high quality egg. The study showed that farmers can use Ca levels of 3.5 and 4.5% in the diet of the layers and obtain better HDP. However, the diet which had the 4.5% Ca inclusion, gave the best feed conversion and the least cost of the diet per dozen egg produced and was recommended for layers in the humid tropical zone.

Effect of dietary Abelmoschus esculentus leaf meal on performance and egg quality indices of laying hens

Twelve weeks feeding trial involving 75 point of lay hens of black Harco breed was carried out to study the effects of dietary inclusion of Abelmoschus esculentus leaf meal (AELM) on the performance and egg quality characteristics of the birds. Fresh Abelmoschus esculentus leaves were harvested, spread out and air-dried in a green house and allowed to dry for 6 days until it became crispy. The branches were threshed carefully to separate the leaf from the twig before milling to fine particle size to form Abelmoschus esculentus leaf meal (AELM). Proximate analysis of AELM and dietary treatments were analyzed Gross energy of leaf meal was carried out using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter model CAL 2k. The 75 birds were grouped into five dietary treatments comprising 15 birds each in a completely randomized (CRD) design. The treatments were further subdivided into three replicates of five birds each. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated as_0, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% inclusion levels in diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The result of the proximate composition of AELM showed that the crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat or ether extract, ash and ME values were 13.15, 10.11, 6.0% and 1308.41 Kcal/kg respectively. Average final weight, average weight gain, feed intake and hen- day production were significantly (P&lt;0.05) affected by the inclusion level of Abelmoschus esculentus leaf meal. Birds in the control group and those fed diet containing 5% Abelmoschus esculentus leaf meal had similar final weight (1.53kg) and higher than other treatment groups. The highest (P&lt;0.05) hen-day production was recorded at 5% inclusion level while 2.5%, 7.5% and 10% levels had comparable values ( 49.13, 46.98 and 49.21). Internal and external egg qualities as affected by AELM inclusion levels showed that the egg, shell, yolk, albumen weights were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments with the group of birds on 10% recording highest values. Significant (P&lt;0.05) improvement in yolk weight and colour was observed in the AELM treated birds compared to the control. The total lipid profile of eggs revealed significant (P&lt;0.05) differences in the cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein values measured. A linear trend was observed in the recorded cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) values. The values decreased with increased AELM inclusion. It can therefore be concluded at the level of this study that Abelmoschus esculentus leaf meal inclusion in the diet of laying birds improved performance and egg quality indices with desirable aesthetic effect on egg yolk colour.

Growth response, carcass characteristics and egg laying performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica ) fed diets containing varying levels of fermented cassava (Manihot esculenta ) peel meal

A two phased experimental study was conducted on 300, two-weeks-old Japanese quails to determine the effect of feeding diets containing varying levels of fermented cassava (Manihot esculenta ) peel meal on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and egg production of Japanese quail ( ). Japanese quails with mean initial body weight of 26.67 g and of mixed sexes were used. Fermented cassava peel meal (FCPM) was prepared by soaking fresh cassava peels in water (that is twice its weight) for three days. Thereafter, the peels were put in a jute bag and kept for 12 hours under a hydraulic press; sundried for a few days and milled using an attrition mill. During the growing phase, the birds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with 75 birds per treatment, each replicated three times, with the diets containing FCPM replacing 0, 25, 50 and 75 % maize to form diets T , T , T and T respectively. The diets were isonitrogenous, containing 24 % crude protein, and fed to the experimental birds for six weeks. Data were collected on feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics. The laying phase involved 120 female quails from he growing phase that were sexed to retain only the females. They were then allotted to four dietary treatments of three replicates per treatment; with 10 birds per replicate. The birds were fed the experimental diets containing FCPM replacing 0, 25, 50 and 75 % maize for eight weeks, and data were collected on egg production and egg quality parameters. Results show significant (p&lt;0.05) differences in daily feed intake and nutrient digestibility among the treatments, while daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly (p&gt;0.05) different, during the growing phase. For the laying phase, there were no significant (p&gt;0.05) differences in daily feed intake, hen day production (HDP) and all the egg quality traits determined. Therefore, it can be concluded that dietary maize could be replaced with FCPM up to 50 % and 75 % in growing quails without any deleterious effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics respectively; whereas it can replace up to 75 % in the diet of laying Japanese quails without any adverse effect on egg production and egg quality traits.

The effects of the fiber source and xylanase supplementation on production, egg quality, digestibility, and intestinal morphology in the aged laying hen

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the fiber source (wheat bran [WB] or sugar beet pulp [SBP]) and xylanase supplementation on production, egg quality, ileal digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gastrointestinal pH in aged laying hens. A total of 540 laying hens (Lohman LSL Lite; 70 wk of lay) were randomized into 10 treatments (6 replicate cages of 9 birds) consisting of a corn soy control supplemented with 0, 3, or 6% WB or SBP with or without xylanase (100 mg of xylanase preparation per kg) for a period of 9 wk in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement. Hens fed with the diets containing either of the levels of SBP or 6% WB had lower hen-day production, and addition of the enzyme improved hen-day production (P < 0.05), but it could not compensate for the lost production due to the higher levels of either of the fiber sources. Supplementation of 6% SBP to the control diet decreased egg mass (P < 0.05). All fiber-supplemented diets significantly decreased ADFI, which was restored on enzyme addition, with the exception of 3% WB diet. Treatments had no effects on egg weight, feed conversion ratio, egg quality, and serum and carcass traits, except for ileum weight, which was greater in hens fed with the 6% SBP diet (P < 0.05). Adding 3% SBP increased ileal DM digestibility (P < 0.05). Addition of 3% WB improved jejunal villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and villus surface area (P < 0.05). Villus surface area, DM, organic matter, and protein digestibility increased as a result of enzyme supplementation (P < 0.05). Cecal pH was reduced on feeding diets containing 3% WB, containing 3% SBP, and with enzyme supplementation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, addition of 3% WB in a corn soy control diet has the potential to improve small intestine morphology in older hens without adverse effects on performance, especially if accompanied by the use of an enzyme, which simultaneously improved morphological traits and nutrient digestibility.

The Effect of Environmental Factor, Population and Age of Duck on Egg Production

Duck is one of the commodities that contribute to the national livestock production and Central Java is home to the fourth biggest duck population after West Java, South Sulawesi and East Java. The 2019 egg production in Central Java was 36.174 tons or 11.3% of the total egg production nationwide. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the effect of environmental factor, total number and age of ducks on egg production in Central Java. Specifically, this study aimed to observe the effect of region on egg production and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the total livestock (chicken), age (month), stocking density (ducks/m2), internal housing temperature (oC), and humidity (%) on Hen day production/HDP. A survey engaging purposive random sampling was conducted on the population of duck farming in Central Java especially Tegal, Pemalang and Brebes districts. The data were subjected to General Linear Model (GLM) and a regression-correlation analysis using an SPSS program. The result showed that region significantly affected hen day production (HDP) but did not affect FCR. Housing temperature affected HDP by 14.9% and the higher the temperature, the lower the HDP. Duck age affected HDP by 11.7%, and the older the ducks the lower the egg production. Duck population, stocking density and humidity did not significantly affect egg production. Conclusively, duck egg production (HDP) is significantly affected by temperature inside the housing and the duck age.

EFEK PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) DAN MINYAK IKAN LEMURU DALAM RANSUM PAKAN TERHADAP HEN DAY PRODUCTION, KONVERSI PAKAN, DAN MORTALITAS PUYUH PETELUR

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of giving levels of secang wood extract and lemuru fish oil on the appearance of laying quails which included feed consumption, Hen Day Production (HDP), feed conversion of quail egg mortality. This study used Autumn strain quail with a population of 168 individuals with basal feed supplemented with several levels of secang wood extract. This research method is an experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with 4 treatments with 6 replications with each repetition consisting of 7 quails aged 10-15 weeks. The treatment was as follows: P0 = basal feed without the addition of secang wood extract P1 = basal feed + 0.2% EKS + 4% MIL, P2 = basal feed + 0.4% EKS + 4% MIL, P3 = basal feed + 0 , 6% EX + 4% MIL. The addition of a combination of secang wood extract and fish oil was carried out according to the level of quail feeding. The variable being measured; feed consumption, Hen Day Production (HDP), Feed conversion, mortality. Addition of secang wood extract with a level of 0%; 0.2%; 0.4%; 0.6%, and 4% lemuru fish oil had no significant effect on feed consumption, hen day production, feed conversion, mortality, this was due to flavonoids, polyphenols and active compounds in oil. lemuru fish does not affect the appearance of quail egg production. Flavonoid compounds in low concentrations have no effect on chicken feed consumption, because the content of flavonoid compounds can still be tolerated by the chicken body. The use of lemuru fish oil with a concentration of up to 6% in quails does not affect the consumption of quail feed, because the addition of lemuru fish oil does not affect the palatability of quail feed. The conclusion of this study was that the addition of secang wood extract. The addition of secang wood extract and lemuru fish oil did not affect hen day production, feed conversion and mortality of laying quails

Egg production and quality of Magelang duck, Mojosari duck, and their reciprocal crosses

This experiment was conducted to study the egg production and quality of Magelang, Mojosari duck, and their reciprocal crosses. Forty-eight of twenty weeks old ducks were used for a total of 4 treatments. The treatments were T1=Magelang duck; T2= ♂ Magelang x ♀ Mojosari; T3=Mojosari; and T4= ♂ Mojosari x ♀ Magelang. This research was design by Completed Randomized Design and replicated by 10 times according to number of female ducks in every treatment. Hen Day Production (HDP) as long as 12 weeks were collected as an egg production variable. Egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, shell thickness, and Haugh Unit (HU) as the egg quality variable. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance with one-way classification and Honestly Significance Difference. The result showed that were significantly different (P&lt;0.01) on egg production and quality. The egg production was 60.57, 65.29, 68.86, and 61.00%, egg weight was 67.14, 59.79, 61.80, and 6.40 g, yolk weight was 25.06, 23.34, 23.23, and 24.46 g, albumen weight was 33.44, 31.41, 31.73, and 33.35 g, shell thickness were 0.50, 0.60, 0.57, and 0.53, HU were 74.24, 74.48, 72.57, and 71.03 respectively for T1, T2, T3, and T4. Egg production of Mojosari duck higher than Magelang duck (P&lt;0.01) whereas egg quality of Magelang duck higher than Mojosari duck (P&lt;0.01).

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Extract Improves the Performance of Animal Model Infected with Escherichia coli

This study aims to understand the effect of natural antibiotics from sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata)extract to laying hens infected with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). The activation test ofsambiloto was performed by using a dilution method included a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Laying hens were distributed into five groups: normalgroup, APEC group with no treatment, and APEC group given 10%, 20%, 30% sambiloto extract for twoweeks. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with the F test. Based on the results, the 30%extract has improved the hen day production (HDP) of laying hens infected with APEC.

Role of long-term supplementation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on egg production and egg quality of laying hen

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) on pullet and egg-laying hen growth performance, egg production, and egg quality. Three hundred and ninety 1-day-old Hy-Line W36 pullets were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with 10 replicated cages and 13 birds per cage. Dietary treatments were vitamin D3 at 2,760 IU/kg (D); vitamin D3 at 5,520 IU/kg (DD), and vitamin D3 at 2,760 IU/kg plus 25OHD at 2,760 IU (69 μg)/kg (25D). Body weight and feed intake were recorded at the end of each stage: starter 1 (0–3 wk), starter 2 (4–6 wk), grower (7–12 wk), developer (13–15 wk), prelay (15–17 wk), peaking (18–38 wk), layer 2 (39–48 wk), layer 3 (49–60 wk), layer 4 (61–75 wk), and layer 5 (76–95 wk). Egg production was recorded daily. Egg quality was evaluated every 8 wk starting from 25 wk. There was no difference in growth performance during the rearing period (0–17 wk). In the laying period (18–95 wk), DD showed lower feed intake at layer 2, but higher intake at layer 3 along with lower hen day production (HDP) from 22 to 48 wk compared to the other treatments. During the same period, the DD group laid smaller eggs with higher specific gravity and shell thickness compared with the other treatments or D alone at 40 wk, which may be partly due to the lower body weight. In contrast, 25D had better feed conversion ratio (feed intake per dozen of eggs) at layer 2, and higher overall (22–60 wk) HDP compared with DD. For the egg quality analysis, at 25 and 33 wk, both DD and 25D had higher Haugh unit compared with D. However, 25OHD has no effects on eggshell quality during the entire production period and no beneficial effects on egg production during the later laying period (after 60 wk). In summary, long-term and early supplementation of 25OHD has positive effects on egg production and egg quality, and the beneficial effects were mainly observed during the early laying stage.