Hemorheology Indexes Research Articles

Continuous Lumbar Plexus Block under the Guidance of the "Shamrock Method" Ultrasound: Analgesic Effects and Hemodynamic Effects after Total Knee Arthroplasty in Elderly Patients.

Objective To explore the effect of continuous lumbar plexus block guided by the “Shamrock method” on postoperative analgesia and hemodynamics in elderly patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods From January 2020 to December 2020 in our hospital, 98 patients who underwent TKA were selected. Using the random number table method, the patients were divided into two groups: a continuous lumbar plexus block group (group L), with 49 patients, and a continuous femoral nerve block group (group F), with 49 patients. The onset time and maintenance time of motor and sensory nerve blocks in patients were recorded. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied to assess the pain severity at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the operation. The VAS score (FVAS) was applied to evaluate the pain severity of the patients during 24 and 48 h after the operation and knee joint functional exercise. The levels of hemodynamic indexes such as heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and oxyhemoglobin saturation and the levels of hemorheological indexes such as plasma viscosity, high and low whole blood shear viscosity, fibrinogen, and hematocrit were detected and compared between the two groups immediately after the operation and at 12 h and 48 h after the operation, respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions induced by anesthesia was counted. Results The onset time of motor and sensory nerve blocks in group L was lower than that in group F, and the maintenance time was higher than that in group F (P < 0.05). The VAS scores of 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after operation in group L were significantly lower than those in group F (P < 0.05). The FVAS scores of group L at 24 and 48 h after operation were significantly lower than those of group F (P < 0.05). The heart rates of the patients in the two groups were higher at 12 h and 48 h after operation than those immediately after operation (P < 0.05). The heart rates at 12 h and 48 h after operation in group L were lower than those in group F (P < 0.05). The plasma viscosity, high whole blood shear viscosity, and low whole blood shear viscosity in the group L at 12 h and 48 h after operation were lower than those in group F (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of local anesthetic poisoning, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, pruritus, and other adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The “Shamrock method” ultrasound-guided continuous lumbar plexus block in elderly patients after TKA has good analgesic effect, stable hemodynamics, little influence on hemorheology, and good safety. It is of great value to enhance the surgical effect and promote postoperative rehabilitation.

Effect of Prepregnancy Lymphocyte Active Immunotherapy on Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage, Pregnancy Success Rate, and Maternal-Infant Outcome.

Objective To evaluate the effect of prepregnancy lymphocyte active immunotherapy on unexplained recurrent miscarriage, pregnancy success rate, and maternal-infant outcome. Methods A total of 124 patients with recurrent miscarriage admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects and divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the random number table method, with 62 patients in each group. The experimental group was treated with lymphocyte active immunotherapy, and the control group was given conventional treatment. The pregnancy success rate, estrogen indexes, hemorheology indexes, and psychological state of the two groups were compared. Results The experimental group garnered a notably higher pregnancy success rate and a prominently lower miscarriage rate than the control group (P < 0.05). Better results of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were observed in the experimental group, as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group yielded more desirable results in terms of treatment satisfaction, estrogen indexes, and hemorheology indexes in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The use of lymphocyte active immunotherapy for patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage can significantly increase the pregnancy success rate, optimize the maternal-infant outcome, drive down the miscarriage rate, and ameliorate the patient's estrogen levels and hemorheology indicators, which is worthy of promotion and application in clinical practice.

A study of the influence of lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of Whitmania pigra based on pharmacodynamics and metabolomics research

Whitmania pigra Whitman (leech, also called Shuizhi in China, abbreviated as SZ), which has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of blood stasis syndrome (BSS) for a long time, is vulnerable to lead pollution in aquaculture environments. SZ has good anticoagulant activity. However, there are few studies on the influence of lead pollution on it. Therefore, we carried out the following researches to explore the influence of lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of SZ and its mechanism. Firstly, the acute blood stasis model of rats was established by subcutaneous injection of adrenaline hydrochloride and ice water bath. Then unpolluted SZ (UPS) and lead-polluted SZ (LPS) were extracted. Next, the blood stasis model rats were administrated by gavage and the rats in normal control (NC) group and blood stasis model (BM) group were given the same amount of normal saline. Finally, the blood of the rats was collected to detect the coagulation function and hemorheology indexes. The metabolomics of rat plasma was studied by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap-MS) technology. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to perform metabolomics analysis. MetPA analysis was used to search for related metabolic pathways. The results of coagulation function and hemorheology showed that lead pollution could decrease the anticoagulant activity of SZ. The OPLS-DA score plots indicated that the plasma metabolites of rats in LPS group were close to BM group, while UPS group tended to be close to NC group both in the positive and negative ion mode. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggested that UPS group and NC group were clustered into a branch, while LPS group and BM group were clustered into a branch. To sum up, lead pollution will reduce the anticoagulant activity of SZ. And lead pollution reduces the anticoagulant activity of SZ probably by influencing the metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism in rats.

Effect Of Zheng’S Zhugui-san On Hemodynamic Index Of Acute Soft Tissue Injury Sd Rats

: Swelling and pain is the common symptom after acute soft tissue injury(ASI),which is a high incidence in sport injury. However, the efficacy of Zheng’s ZhuGui-san in promoting clinical symptoms is not well known. PURPOSE: To observe the Hemodynamic index, whole blood viscosity(WBV),in acute soft tissue injury SD rats with Zheng’s ZhuGui-San, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment of ASI. METHODS: 72 SD rats with acute soft-tissue injury were divided into 3 groups:Placebo group(,P group, with Saline, n = 24), Qili-san group(Q group, withQili-san) and Zheng’s ZhuGui-san group(Z group). Acute soft-tissue injury was induced on the right gastronemius using a percussive device.The whole blood viscosity(WBV)had been analyzed by testing the femoral artery blood on the 1th, 3th, 7th and 15th day after using different medicament. Group difference of hemorheology index were determined by using one-way ANOVA; LSD test with homogeneous variance, Tamhane’s t 2 test with uneven variance. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the indexes of WBV in high shear (150/s), middle shear (60/s) and low shear (15/s) among the three groups on the first day(p > 0.05 = 0.477,0.065,0.200);Compared with P group, the Q group and the Z group’s WBV were significantly lower(p < 0.05 = 0.043,0.039) on the third day; However, there is no statistic significant between Z group and Q group(p > 0.05 = 0.430).On the 7th day, compared withQ group, Z group had lower WBV of middle shear (60/s) and low shear(15/s)(p < 0.05 = 0.027,0.040respectively). On the 10th day after injury, the whole blood viscosity of high shear, middle shear and low shear decreased, and there were significant differences between Q group and Z group(p < 0.05 = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Relieving symptoms of swelling and pain is associated with promoting blood circulation, which is the main function of Zheng’s ZhuGui-san to improving the whole blood viscosity, lead to effectively decreasing the healing time of acute soft tissue injury. Key words: Zheng’s ZhuGui-san, Acute soft tissue injury, Hemorheological index

Hemorheological Alteration in Patients with Cirrhosis Clinically Diagnosed with Portal Vein System Thrombosis After Splenectomy

BackgroundPortal vein system thrombosis (PVST) is a common and serious complication after splenectomy. Key factors, including wider diameters of the portal vein, decreased liver function, and high flow volume of portosystemic collateral vessel, are recognized PVST risks. Relationships between PVST and altered hemorheology, including increased plasma viscosity, remain unclear. We investigated hemorheological alterations and explored risk factors of PVST in patients with cirrhosis after splenectomy.Material/MethodsData on patients with cirrhosis who underwent splenectomy were collected retrospectively from January 2018 to June 2020. Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed after splenectomy. Hemorheological indexes were compared between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to analyze risk factor cutoff values. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore risk factors of PVST.ResultsA total of 50 patients were divided into a PVST group (n=30) and control group (n=20). Hemorheological indexes of activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), D-dimer, middle shear rates 50 and 30, low shear rates 5 and 1, and hematocrit in the PVST group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). FDP and low shear rate 1 were found to be risk factors of PVST after splenectomy by multivariate analysis. ROC analysis showed that the cutoff points for FDP and low shear rate 1 were ≥38.6 ug/mL and ≥16.855 mPa.s, respectively.ConclusionsPVST after splenectomy is closely related to hemorheological alteration. FDP and low shear rate 1 may be valuable markers of PVST.

Preventive and therapeutic effects and mechanism of Xiaoer Feike Granules on chronic bronchitis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats

The aim of this paper was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Xiaoer Feike Granules(XEFK) on chronic bronchitis in rats and its mechanism. Except for 10 rats in the blank group, the remaining 50 of the 60 SD rats were used to establish a model of chronic bronchitis induced by LPS. On the 22 nd day, the model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to their body weight, and administrated with purified water, Keteling Capsules 0.11 g·kg~(-1), XEFK 3.2, 1.6 and 0.8 g·kg~(-1)(the dosing concentrations were 0.32, 0.16, 0.08 g·mL~(-1), respectively). These rats took the corresponding drug orally once a day, for consecutive 21 days. The rats were anesthetized 1 hour after the last administration, and the lavage bronchus and alveoli were collected. Then, after the fixation of the smear, neutrophils were counted microscopically, and the contents of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were detected by colorimetric method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the content changes of T cell subsets CD4~+, CD8~+, CD4~+/CD8~(+ )in serum. Hemorheology related indexes were detected by automatic hemorheology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum. The expression of TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA in lung was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the bronchitis tissues. Compared with the model group, XEFK high and medium dose groups could significantly reduce the contents of neutrophils and MDA in bronchial lavage fluid, and increase the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in BALF, and repair the chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and lymphoid tissue hyperplasia in the bronchial mucosal layer and submucosal layer. The high-dose group could reduce the plasma viscosity of rats, but there was no statistical difference in other hemorheological indexes. CD4~+, CD8~+, CD4~+/CD8~+, IL-2 and IL-10 contents in each dose group were significantly increased, and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 contents were significantly decreased in serum. Each dose group could significantly down-regulate the expression level of TNF-α mRNA in the lung and increase the expression of IL-10 mRNA. XEFK could reduce lipid peroxidation, increase the content of peripheral blood T cell subsets, regulate the release and secretion of inflammatory factors, and repair the morphological and pathological changes of bronchial tissue. Its mechanism might be related to the improvement of inflammatory response and the enhancement of immune function.

Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Safflower Injection in the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background Safflower injection (SFI), a popular Chinese patent drug, is commonly used to treat acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) in China. The research seeks to scientifically estimate the clinical efficacy of SFI for ACS patients. Methods Eight electronic databases were retrieved for eligible research from the founding date to September 8, 2020. Odds ratio (OR) was adopted to assess the total effective rate, ECG improvement, and adverse reaction, and mean difference (MD) was used for assessing the hemorheology indexes as well as the LVEF. Results Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 1620 sufferers with ACS were incorporated. The outcomes showed that, in comparison to conventional medication alone, SFI combined with conventional treatment remarkably enhanced the total effective rate (OR = 3.66, 95% CI [2.73, 4.90], P < 0.00001), ECG improvement (OR = 2.85, 95% CI [2.04, 3.99], P < 0.00001), and LVEF (MD = 5.13, 95% CI [3.73, 6.53], P < 0.00001). Moreover, SFI combined with conventional treatment significantly decreased hemorheology indexes including BV (MD = −0.95, 95% CI [−1.76, −0.13], P=0.02), HCT (MD = −2.37, 95% CI [−3.25, −1.50], P < 0.00001), FIB (MD = −0.44, 95% CI [−0.60, −0.29], P < 0.00001), and PAR (OR = −7.65, 95% CI [−10.16, −5.14], P < 0.00001). However, no notable contrast was observed to link the experimental and the control team for PV (MD = −0.42, 95% CI [−0.83, 0.00], P=0.05) and adverse reactions (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.13, 2.74], P=0.50). Conclusion Despite the limitations that existed in this meta-analysis, the outcomes demonstrated that SFI and conventional combined medication is an effective and relatively safe therapy for ACS sufferers.

Effect of Guhong injection combined with atorvastatin on angina pectoris of coronary heart disease and its influence on Hemorheology and oxidative stress

Objective: To explore the effect of Guhong injection combined with atorvastatin on CHD patients with angina pectoris and its influence on hemorheology and oxidative stress.Methods: 80 CHD patients with angina pectoris admitted to our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 were randomly divided into the observation group (40 cases) and the control group (40 cases) by use of the random number table. The patients in the control group were treated with atorvastatin, while those in the observation group were treated with Guhong injection on the basis of the control group. The course of treatment was 2 weeks for each group. The treatment effect, the frequency of angina pectoris seizure and its duration before and after treatment, the changes of hemorheology indexes and oxidative stress and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results: the total effective rate of the observation group (92.50%) was higher than that of the control group (70.00%) (p &lt; .05). The frequency of angina pectoris seizure and its duration in these two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (Observation group: t = 25.588, 23.009; Control group: t = 16.587, 16.263; p &lt; .05); After treatment, the frequency of angina pectoris seizure and its duration in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (t = 15.191, 9.425; p &lt; .05). In the observation group, the hemorheology indexes after treatment were lower than those before treatment (t = 6.742, 15.224, 6.983, 23.537, p &lt; .05); the hemorheology indexes after treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (t = 5.201, 13.913, 5.539, 13.745; p &lt; .05). In the observation group, the level of serum SOD after treatment was higher than that before treatment, while the levels of LPO and MDA after treatment were lower than those before treatment (t = 10.839, 6.924, 8.466; p &lt; .05); the level of serum SOD after treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, while the levels of LPO and MDA after treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (t = 6.171, 6.432, 5.394; p &lt; .05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (p &lt; .05).Conclusions: Guhong injection combined with atorvastatin has an obvious clinical effect on CHD patients with angina pectoris, and it can improve hemorheology indexes and oxidative stress reaction with fewer adverse reactions.

Atorvastatin calcium tablets on inflammatory factors, hemorheology and renal function damage indexes in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on inflammatory factors, hemorheology, and renal function damage in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods:One hundred and six DN patients who were treated in our hospital between June 2018 and August 2019 were selected and randomly grouped into observation group and control group, 53 each group. Patients in the control group were given the conventional treatment; patients in the observation group were given atorvastatin treatment on the basis of the conventional treatment. They were treated for three months. The hemorheology indexes (whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, and fibrinogen (FIB)), renal function damage indexes (macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, Secreted frizzled-related protein-5 (SFRP5), and mAIb/Cr) and inflammatory factor related indexes (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were compared between the two groups before and after three months of treatment.Results:After three months of treatment, the hemorheology indexes, renal function damage indexes, and inflammatory factors related indexes in the two groups changed. Compared with the control group, the whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, FIB, MIF, VACM-1, mAIb/Cr, CRP, IL-1, and TNF-α levels in the observation group significantly decreased, while the levels of SERP-5 significantly increased; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:Atorvastatin can effectively alleviate the renal function damage in patients with DN, reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors, and improve hemorheology, which has a good clinical application value for DN patients.

Effects of Isovolumic Hemodilution and Platelet-Rich Plasma Separation on Platelet Activation State and Function, Complications, and Inflammation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

To explore the effects of isovolumic hemodilution and platelet-rich plasma separation on platelet activation state and function, complications, and inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A total of 80 patients who needed cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation from February 2018 to December 2019 in our hospital were selected as research subjects and divided into observation group (n = 40) and control group (n = 40) according to the random number table method. The patients in the observation group underwent platelet-rich plasma separation, while those in control group received acute isovolumic hemodilution. Then the platelet activation state and functional indexes, hemorheological indexes, and the coagulation functional indexes were compared between the two groups of patients before operation. Next, the changes in the levels of hemoglobin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an inflammatory factor, during blood protection (before and at 6 hours and 12 hours after intervention) were analyzed. Moreover, the dosage of blood products during operation was compared between the two groups, and postoperative complications and recovery in the two groups were statistically assessed. Before operation, the platelet adherence rate and aggregation rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (p < 0.05), while R and K values in thromboelastograms in the former were notably smaller than those in the latter (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the whole blood low-shear viscosity, whole blood high-shear viscosity, and plasma viscosity in observation group were remarkably lower than those in control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the observation group exhibited shorter prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (p < 0.05) and a higher fibrinogen (Fib) level (p < 0.05) than the control group. At 6 hours and 12 hours after intervention and before operation, the hemoglobin level in observation group was markedly higher than that in control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the dosages of red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets among blood products during operation in the observation group were evidently lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05), and the number of cases of hemorrhage, pulmonary infection, coagulation dysfunction, and paraplegia after operation in the former was distinctly smaller than that in the latter (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the observation group had an obviously smaller postoperative 24 hours drainage volume (p < 0.05) as well as shorter postoperative mechanical ventilation time and ICU treatment time than control group (p < 0.05). For patients undergoing cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation, platelet-rich plasma separation and reinfusion technology can effectively ensure platelet activation state and function, reduce blood viscosity, ensure stable coagulation function, elevate hemoglobin level and decrease inflammatory reaction, and perioperative allogeneic blood infusion, with fewer adverse reactions in treatment, thus efficaciously facilitating the post-operative recovery of patients.

Hemorheological Indices and Glycated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The use of HbA1c in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus by WHO and ADA has come under scrutiny. Aim: To study the erythrocyte index alterations and their relationship with HbA1c for proper interpretation of HbA1c values in diabetic subjects. Materials and methods: Data from 301 diabetic patients was collected. The parameters included were fasting plasma glucose, red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW. Results: A negative correlation was found between HbA1c and MCV, MCH and MCHC and positive correlation with RDW. Conclusion: Hematological parameters like MCH, MCV and MCHC should be taken into account in interpreting HbA1c levels in diagnosis and management of pre diabetes and diabetes.

Efficacy and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction combined with Western medicine for angina pectoris in coronary heart disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Angina pectoris in coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common ischemic heart disease clinically. During the onset, patients often have symptoms such as chest discomfort or paroxysmal crushing pain in the posterior sternum, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients, and even can lead to myocardial infarction and endanger the lives of patients. Clinical studies have shown that the compound Chinese prescription Xuefu Zhuyu decoction combined with western medicine has a certain therapeutic effect on angina pectoris in CHD, but lack of evidence of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction combined with western medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris in CHD.Methods:Use computer to retrieve English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP, Chinese biomedical database), from the establishment of database to October 2020, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction combined with Western medicine for angina pectoris in CHD. Two investigators independently conducted data extraction and assessed the literature quality of the included studies. The Revman5.3 software was used for meta-analysis of the included literatures.Results:The efficacy and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction combined with western medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris in CHD were evaluated by total effective rate, angina pectoris pain score, TCM syndrome score, electrocardiogram effect, hemorheology index (including whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, and fibrinogen), and the incidence of adverse reactions.Conclusion:This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction combined with western medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris in CHD.Ethics and dissemination:Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval was not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605 / OSF.IO / GFEQ7.

Efficacy and mechanism of fire needling bloodletting for lower extremity varicose veins

To compare the clinical effect of lower extremity varicose veins between fire needling bloodletting and operation, and to explore the possible mechanism. A total of 60 patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group，the operation was adopted. The fire needling bloodletting was applied in the observation group, twice a week for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the venous clinical severity score (VCSS) and venous disability score (VDS) were recorded, the hemorheological indexes [blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)], immune inflammatory response indexes[serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], vascular endothelial cell function indexes [the number of circulatingendothelial cell (CEC), plasma endothelin (ET-1) and NO)] and apoptosis indexes (Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3) were detected in the two groups. Compared before treatment, the scores of VCSS and VDS, hemorheological indexes, immune inflammatory response indexes and levels of plasma NO after treatment were reduced in the two groups (P<0.05). The level of serum Bax after treatment was reduced in the observation group (P<0.05). The number of CEC and levels of plasma ET-1 after treatment were increased in the two groups (P<0.05). The levels of serum Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 after treatment were increased in the observation group (P<0.05). In the observation group, the scores of VCSS and VDS, hemorheological indexes，immune inflammatory response indexes, vascular endothelial cell function indexes and level of serum Bax after treatment were lower than the control group (P<0.05), and the levels of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were higher than the control group (P<0.05). Fire needling bloodletting could effectively treat lower extremity varicose veins, and the mechanism may be related to the improvement of hemorheology, downregulation of immune inflammatory response, improvement of vascular endothelial cell function and inhibition of apoptosis.

Platelet-rich plasma promotes bone formation, restrains adipogenesis and accelerates vascularization to relieve steroids-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Steroid-associated necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is one of the most common and refractory chronic diseases with increasing incidence. The typical pathological changes of SANFH include decreased osteogenic differentiation, enhanced intramedullary adipocytes deposition and impaired osseous circulation. In this study, we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on SANFH. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control, PRP donor, model, and PRP groups. Compared to the model group, PRP treatment significantly increased the hemorheological indexes and serum levels of bone gla-protein (BGP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while decreased the levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Meanwhile, Micro-CT and histopathological stain (Hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue-hematoxylin/orange G staining) were performed on the femoral head for morphological and histopathological evaluation, indicating that bone trabecular microstructure and bone mineral density (BMD) were significantly improved after PRP treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PRP remarkably up-regulated the expression of osteogenic markers including β-catenin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), angiogenic markers containing VEGF and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), while down-regulated adipogenic markers involving fatty acid-binding protein (FABP-4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in SANFH rat models. In summary, for the first time, PRP was demonstrated to prevent the development of SANFH through stimulating bone formation and vascularization as well as retarding adipogenesis.

Lifeceramics-treated water reduces serum uric acid levels and improves hemorheological activity in hyperuricemic rats.

Lifeceramics (LC) is made of zeolite and oyster shell and is hypothesized to act as an anti-oxidative agent. In the present study, the effects of LC-treated water (LC water) on the concentration of serum uric acid (SUA) and the hemorheological parameters in male rats with hyperuricemia (HUA) was assessed. To prepare LC water, distilled water was mixed with LC particles. HUA was induced in rats by daily potassium oxonate (PO) injection (250 mg/kg). The PO-injected rats were separated into three different groups and were administered distilled water (PO rats), allopurinol [a xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor] solution [PO + allopurinol (AP) rats] or LC water (PO+LC rats) by gavage. Control rats were intraperitoneally injected with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution and administered untreated distilled water by gavage. After injection and gavage for 5 weeks, the SUA concentration, hemorheology index and antioxidant index were measured. The SUA concentration and blood deformation index of the PO rats were significantly higher and lower, respectively, compared with the control rats. However, in the PO+LC rats, the SUA concentration and blood deformation index decreased and increased, respectively, to a level similar to that of the control as well as that in the PO+AP rats. Furthermore, the PO-induced increase in XOD activity was suppressed by combined treatment with LC water, resulting in a decrease in malondialdehyde concentration. These results suggest that LC water can reduce the SUA concentration, increase serum antioxidant activity and improve hemorheological activity in hyperuricemic rats.

Effect of cold stress on ovarian & uterine microcirculation in rats and the role of endothelin system

BackgroundCold, an environmental factor, induces many reproductive diseases. It is known that endothelin (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictor, and cold stress can increase the expression of ET and its receptors. The cold stress rat model was developed to examine two parameters: (1) the effects of cold stress on ovarian and uterine morphology, function, and microvascular circulation and (2) possible mechanisms of ET and its receptors involved in cold stress-induced menstruation disorders.MethodsThe rat cold stress model was prepared with an ice water bath. The estrous cycle was observed by methylene blue and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Serum estradiol 2 (E2), testosterone (T), progesterone (P) were detected by radioimmunoassay. Hemorheology indices were measured. The real-time blood flow of auricle and uterine surfaces was measured. Expressions of CD34 and α-SMA in ovarian and uterine tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. ET-1 contents in serum were tested, and expressions of ET-receptor types A and B (ET-AR and ET-BR) in ovarian tissues were detected via Western blotting.ResultsCold stress extended the estrous cycle, thereby causing reproductive hormone disorder, imbalance of local endothelin/nitric oxide expression, and microcirculation disturbance. Cold-stress led to up-regulation of ET-AR expression and protein and down-regulation of ET-BR expression in rats.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the reason for cold stress-induced dysfunction in reproductive organs may be closely related to the imbalance of ET-1 and its receptor expressions, leading to microvascular circulation disorders in local tissues.

The effect of aerobic exercise combined with metformin on ischemic cerebral infarction and its effect on the molecular level of SOD

To explore the therapeutic effect of aerobic exercise combined with metformin on ischemic cerebral infarction (ICI) and its effect on the molecular level, 100 patients with ICI who were treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 were selected as the study objects. According to the principle of random grouping, they were divided into the control group (50 cases, treated by metformin alone) and the observation group (50 cases, treated by aerobic exercise combined with metformin). Before and after treatment, the relevant indicators of the two groups were collected and analyzed statistically. The results showed that the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and erythrocyte electrophoresis of the two groups were significantly lower after treatment (P < 0.05), and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxide (LPO) in the two groups were compared and analyzed. It was found that the SOD level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the LPO level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, through this study, it is found that the combination of aerobic exercise and metformin can significantly improve the hemorheological indexes of patients with ICI, and can promote the activity of SOD. Moreover, it can significantly reduce the level of LPO, which provides experimental basis for the treatment of patients with ICI in the late clinical stage.

Effect of miR-223 on thrombophlebitis rats through regulating Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.

To explore the effect of the micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-223 on the thrombophlebitis rats by regulating the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The rat model of thrombophlebitis was established, and miR-223 was silenced or overexpressed through lentiviral transfection. The rats were divided into miR-223 inhibitors group (Inhibitors group), miR-223 mimics group (Mimics group), and normal group (Control group). The transfection efficiency of miR-223 in venous tissues was detected via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), the hemorheological indexes plasma viscosity (PV) and hematocrit (HCT) were observed, and the content of the serum inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β) were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the fibrinolytic indexes plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were detected, the morphological changes in the venous tissues were observed via hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the gene and protein expressions of the TLR signaling pathway were detected via RT-PCR and Western blotting. The expression of miR-223 was significantly increased in the Mimics group (p<0.05) and significantly decreased in the Inhibitors group (p<0.05). The high-shear and low-shear whole blood viscosity and HCT in the Inhibitors group were significantly higher than those in the Mimics group (p<0.05). The levels of serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-β in the Inhibitors group were remarkably higher than those in the Mimics group (p<0.05). The Inhibitors group had a remarkably lower level of t-PA (p<0.05) and a remarkably higher level of PAI than the Mimics group (p<0.05). Besides, the inferior vena cava wall shed and disappeared due to complete necrosis in the Inhibitors group. In the Mimics group, the vascular lumen was slightly expanded, and the vascular wall had intact contour. It was found in the gene detection that the mRNA levels of TLR2, myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were evidently increased in the Inhibitors group, and the significant increases in the protein levels of TLR2 and MyD88 were also observed in the protein detection. The overexpression of miR-223 can inhibit the TLR signaling pathway, thereby promoting the recovery of thrombophlebitis rats.

Alteration of hemostatic and hemorheological parameters in Nigerian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Does age play a role?

Background: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with coagulation abnormalities characterized by decreased levels of antithrombin, protein C, increased concentrations of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, and alteration of hemorheological indices, which have been linked to the increased hyperviscosity state. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age on hemostatic and hemorheological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four patients of 168 participants, aged 30–69 years, were recruited from the Metabolic Clinic of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State between January and December 2018, whereas the remaining 84, age- and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects resident in Maiduguri served as controls. Samples for platelet indices, fibrinogen concentration, hematocrit, relative plasma viscosity (RPV), whole blood viscosity (WBV), protein C, antithrombin, and d-dimer were analyzed using standard techniques. Results: The values of platelet indices, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), protein C, antithrombin, d-dimer, fibrinogen, hematocrit, and RPV in diabetic patients with respect to different age groups showed no significance (P > 0.05). However, significantly lower levels of protein C, antithrombin and hematocrit, and significantly higher values of d-dimer, fibrinogen, and WBV were observed in patients with diabetes irrespective of the age compared to that of nondiabetic subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Age had no influence on the values of platelet count, platelet indices, PT, aPTT, protein C, antithrombin III, d-dimer, fibrinogen, hematocrit, RPV, and WBV in patients with diabetes. However, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus could be prone to thrombosis and increased fibrinolytic activity irrespective of their age.

Acupuncture combined with Jingtong granule for nerve-root type cervical spondylosis and its effects on IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β and hemorheological indexes

To explore the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with Jingtong granule for nerve-root type cervical spondylosis and its effects on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and hemorheological indexes. A total of 114 patients with nerve-root type cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 57 cases in each group. The patients in both groups were treated with traction. The patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of Jingtong granule, 4 g each time, 3 times a day, while based on the treatment of control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at Dazhui (GV 14), Tianzhu (BL 10), Houxi (SI 3), cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2), Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4) and Waiguan (TE 5), once a day. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The simplified McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), neck disability index (NDI), numbness score, levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β in serum and hemorheological indexes were observed before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. The total effective rate was 91.2% (52/57) in the observation group, which was higher than 71.9% (41/57) in the control group (P<0.05). Compared before treatment, the scores of MPQ, NDI and numbness in the two groups were reduced after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of MPQ, NDI and numbness in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in the two groups were reduced (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, low shear rate of whole blood viscosity and high shear rate of whole blood viscosity in the two groups were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). Acupuncture combined with Jingtong granule have significant clinical efficacy for nerve-root type cervical spondylosis, which could reduce the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β and improve hemorheology.