Hemerocallis Research Articles

Sample Preparation and UPCC-MS Determination Method of Carotenoids in Petals of Hemerocallis

Sample Preparation and UPCC-MS Determination Method of Carotenoids in Petals of Hemerocallis

キスゲ属の開花時間とその変異対馬,平戸産のキスゲ(ユウスゲ)を中心に

キスゲ属の開花時間とその変異対馬,平戸産のキスゲ(ユウスゲ)を中心に

Вміст пігментів у листках видів роду Hemerocallis L. за інтродукції у степовій зоні України

Вміст пігментів у листках видів роду Hemerocallis L. за інтродукції у степовій зоні України

Embryology of Hemerocallis L. and its systematic significance

The embryology of the genus Hemerocallis L. was studied to re-evaluate its current systematic position proposed by recent phylogenies based on molecular data. Using the improved carbol fuchsin–aniline blue staining method and conventional paraffin sectioning technique, we followed the development of anther and pollen grain, ovule and female gametophyte, and embryo and endosperm up to seed maturity. Our results showed that the (1) anther wall development is of the Monocot type, with a one cell-thick middle layer and a secretory tapetum, (2) microsporocytes cytokinesis is of the intermediate type, (3) microspore tetrads are tetragonal or decussate, (4) pollen grains are two-celled, (5) ovary is superior and trilocular, with axile placentas bearing two collateral ovules per locule, (6) ovules are anatropous, tenuinucellate, and bitegmic, with micropyle formed by the inner integument, (7) megaspore tetrads are linear, and only the chalazal one is functional, (8) embryo sac development is typically of Polygonum type, (9) embryogenesis is of Graminad type, and (10) endosperm development is of nuclear type. Overall, our study thus confirms that the embryological features of Hemerocallis support its exclusion from Liliaceae in Liliales, its inclusion in Asparagales, and its affinities with Asphodelaceae.

HTFL1-marker assisted breeding in the improvement of reblooming daylily

HTFL1-marker assisted breeding in the improvement of reblooming daylily

엽록체 rps16-trnK 서열에 의한 한국 내 원추리속 식물종의 계통 관계

원추리속 식물은 초본류이며 이 속의 일부 종은 약용으로 중요하다. 이 속의 8개 분류군에 대해 엽록체의 rps16-trnK 부위로 계통관계를 평가하였다. 배당된 서열은 원추리(H. aurantiaca)에서 729 핵산 수로 가장 적었으며 왕원추리(H. fulva var. kwanso)에서 742 핵산 수로 가장 많았다. 그 차이는 염기 삽입에 기인하였다. 비록 일부 인델(indel)과 20개 염기의 삽입이 발견되었지만 서열 내 변이는 염기 치환이 많았다. rps16 - trnK에 의한 한국내 원추리속 분류군들은 높은 지지도로 잘 분리되었다. 애기원추리(H. minor)와 홍도원추리(H. littorea)는 높은 지지도로 같은 분지군을 형성하였으며 이 분지군은 노랑원원추리와 자매군을 형성하였다. 염색체의 수는 기존 보고된 RAPD의 결과와는 일치하지 않으나 본 연구와는 일치하였다. The genus Hemerocallis (family Xanthorthoeaceae) is a herbaceous species, some of which are very important in herbal medicines. We evaluated the rps16-trnK region of the chloroplast DNA of a representative sample of eight taxa in Korea to estimate phylogenetic relationships within the taxa of this genus. Due to differences in the number of inserted nucleotides, the aligned data for Hemerocallis ranged from 729 (H. aurantiaca) to 742 nucleotides (H. fulva var. kwanso), with a mean of 736. Although several small indels and 20 inserts were present, sequence variation within the Hemerocallis genus was mostly due to nucleotide substitutions. All rps16-trnK trees generated in Korea exhibited a well-solved topology, with high bootstrap support, irrespective of the methods (parsimony) and the setting used. The node of H. minor and H. littorea was strongly supported, with a high bootstrap value in three trees, and these two taxa were sistered with H. thunbergii. The number of chromosomes was not congruent with that found in a previous study with RAPD, but the number was in agreement with the results of this study.

Flowering and pollination of the native daylily species (Hemerocallis) in the Botanical Garden Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

The opening time of the flower and duration of blooming, as well as the anther opening time and type of pollination, have been studied in five species of the genus Hemerocallis L. under different weather conditions. It is found that weather conditions do not affect the flowering of mesophytic species. Xerophytic species start to bloom later under adverse weather conditions, and the life of their flower increases. The main type of pollination in daylilies is xenogamy, which is combined with geytonogamy. The pollen collected in a sunny weather at an air humidity of 65% is characterized by high vitality.

Preparation and Crystal Structure of Acetyl Hemerocallin and Structural Revision of Hemerocallin

Abstract Objective To revise the structure of hemerocallin, an active and toxic compound isolated from the roots of Hemerocallis fulva , which was first reported in 1974 based on the chemical and spectral data. Methods The structure of acetyl hemerocallin was determined through the acetyl derivative preparing and X-ray diffraction. Results The title compound acetyl hemerocallin (1) has been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction method. X-ray analysis revealed that the two naphthalene rings in compound 1 were significantly twisted with an average dihedral angle of 44.1°. The two acetate groups in each naphthalene ring adopted anti-parallel conformation. In addition, the π-π stacking interactions were found in the crystal structure, the molecules were linked into a supramolecular network, and the crystal structure was stabilized. Conclusion The structure of hemerocallin is identified as 2,2′-bi(1,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-acetylnaphthalene) (3).

The genesis of ovule and female gametophyte in Hemerocallis ×hybrida Hort. ex Bergmans (Hemerocallidaceae)

The results of the study on formation and morphology of ovules’ structures in Hemerocallis ×hybrida Hort. ex Bergmans (Hemerocallidaceae) are represented. It has been determined that ovules are anatropous, of medionucellate type. The sequences of initiation and development of inner and outer integuments, as well as morphological features of nucellus and ovule organization (presence of postamento-podium; coalescence of inner integument and nucellus; lysis of nucellar epidermis; well developed vascular bundle attaining the outer integument; hypostasa which is poor morphologically expressed; raphe; differentiated cells of the outer epidermis of inner integument) have been described. The inner integument is of dermal origin, and outer integument is both of dermal and subdermal origin. Embryo sac in H. ×hybrida develops from a chalazal megaspore according to Polygonum-type. Antipods are binuclear. The two polar nuclei and antipods’ nuclei fuse before fertilization. Degeneration of sporogenous cells and embryo sacs, anomalies of their structures differentiation lead to the ovules sterility. Sterile ovules in the cultivar ‘Pandora’s Box’ are about 90%. The ovules with morphologically normal embryo sac prevail in the cultivar ‘Wally Nance’.

The new encyclopedia of daylilies: more than 1700 outstanding selections

The new encyclopedia of daylilies: more than 1700 outstanding selections

ISSR에 의한 한국 내 원추리속 식물의 유전적 및 계통학적 연구

원추리속(Genus Hemerocallis) 식물은 초본이며 일부 종은 약용으로 매우 중요하다. 이 속내 8개 분류군에 대해 ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) 마커로 계통학적 관계를 분석하였다. 조사한 식물은 원추리(Hemerocallis fulva), 왕원추리(H. fulva for. kwanso), 각시원추리(H. dumortieri), 골잎원추리(H. coreana), 홍도원추리(H. hongdoensis), 큰원추리(H. middendorffi), 노랑원추리(H. thunbergii), 애기원추리(H. minor)이다. 또한 이들 분류군에 대한 유전적 변이와 구조를 조사하였다. 종간 유전적 다양도는 <TEX>$0.068{\sim}0.123$</TEX>이며 평균 유전적 다양도는 0.098로 전반적으로 낮았다. 애기원추리가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 세대 당 이주하는 개체수는 매우 적었다(Nm=0.128). 원추리속 종은 계통도에서 세 분지군으로 나누어졌다. 한 그룹은 H. fulva, H. fulva for. kwanso, H. middendorffi였다. 다른 그룹은 Hemerocallis, H. dumortieri, H. thunbergii, H. minor였다. 나머지는 H. coreana와 H. hongdoensis로 두 번째 그룹과 자매군을 형성하였다. 비록 종 내 적은 개체수로 분석하였지만 원추리속 식물종이 ISSR 마커로 잘 분리되었다. Genus Hemerocallis is a herbaceous species and some species among their taxa are very important herbal medicines. We evaluated representative samples of the eight taxa in Korea with inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers to estimate phylogenetic relationships within taxa of this genus. The studied taxa were Hemerocallis fulva L., H. fulva for. kwanso, H. dumortieri Morren, H. coreana Nakai, H. hongdoensis M.G.Chung & S.S.Kang, H. middendorffi Trautv. et Mayer, H. thunbergii Baker, H. minor Miller. In addition, we investigated the genetic variation and structure of Korean populations of these taxa. The mean genetic diversity was 0.098 across species, varying from 0.068 to 0.123. A low level of genetic variation was found in populations of Hemerocallis species. Specially, gene diversity for H. minor was maintained the highest among genus Hemerocallis. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=0.218) indicated that gene flow was not extensive among Korean populations of Hemerocallis species. The phylogenic tree showed distinct three clades. One includes H. fulva, H. fulva for. kwanso and H. middendorffi. Another includes three Hemerocallis species, H. dumortieri, H. thunbergii and H. minor. The H. coreana and H. hongdoensis were shown as the sister group to the second clades. Although the size of sampling was not large enough for eight Korean Hemerocallis species, the analyses of ISSRs will certainly provide an enhanced view on the phylogeny of species.

Two New Anthraquinones from Hemerocallis fulva

Two new anthraquinones, 7-hydroxy-1,2,8-trimethoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (1) and 7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (2), were isolated from the roots of Hemerocallis fulva. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral evidence (NMR and MS).

Ploidy estimation in Hemerocallis species and cultivars by flow cytometry

Ploidy level was estimated for nine species and 94 cultivars in the genus Hemerocallis by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. By using parsley ( Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill) as an internal control, the ratio of the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of nuclei from each Hemerocallis genotype and parsley was calculated. The values ( Hemerocallis/parsley ratio) for 103 Hemerocallis genotypes were clearly classified into three groups: 1.84–2.13 (group 1), 2.94–3.10 (group 2), and 3.74–4.26 (group 3). Since the diploid H. fulva var. littorea (2 n=22) and the triploid H. fulva var. kwanso (2 n=33) belonged to groups 1 and 2, respectively, the other Hemerocallis genotypes belonging to groups 1, 2 and 3 were considered to be di-, tri- and tetraploid, respectively. Chromosome counting in root tip cells revealed that Hemerocallis genotypes belonging to groups 1, 2 and 3 had 22, 33 and 44 chromosomes, respectively. No cytochimeras and polysomaty were observed. Thus, FCM analysis has proven useful for simple and rapid estimation of the ploidy level of Hemerocallis species and cultivars.

The Daylily and the Dioscuri in Ben Jonson's Cary-Morison Ode

The Daylily and the Dioscuri in Ben Jonson's Cary-Morison Ode

A passion for daylilies: the flowers and the people

A passion for daylilies: the flowers and the people

Leaf blight of day lily caused by Aureobasidium microstictum (Bubak) W.B. Cooke.

Brown spots and yellow stripes were observed on leaves of Hemerocallis fulva var. kwanso at the herbal garden of Kyoto Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture in Ayabe in the late June of 1985. In the beginning, small brown spots appeared on both sides of the leaves and then bright yellow stripes occurred and brownings expanded gradually from the leaf tips. These symptoms had been observed until mid-November. No pathogen was generally observed on diseased leaves, while acervuli composed of the tightly interwoven hyphae were formed on host plants in moist chamber. Conidiogenous cells were clavate to subcylindrical. Conidia were blastic, ellipsoidal to fusoid, hyaline, smooth, one-celled. Inoculation tests indicated that isolates were pathogenic on injured leaves of H. fulva var. kwanso, H. fulva var. disticha, and H. fulva var. fulva. An isolate from naturally infected H. fulva var. disticha showed the same pathogenicity as those from H. fulva var. kwanso. On PDA medium, single conidium isolates formed creamy and yeastlike colonies at first, then after formed white hyphae, and eventually turned dark brown to black in color. Growth on PSA medium occurred in the range from 8 to 30C and optimum growth at between 20 and 24C. Conidia formed on PDA medium were blastic, ellipsoidal to fusoid, hyaline, smooth, one-celled. Secondary conidia were formed and yeastlike growth appeared. On the basis of its morphological characteristics and pathogenicity on the plants of the genus Hemerocallis, the present fungus was identified as Aureobasidium microstictum (Bubak) W.B. Cooke, and a common name, leaf blight, was proposed.

A Systematic study on Liliaceae in Korea 1 . Karyology of Genus Hemerocallis

A Systematic study on Liliaceae in Korea 1 . Karyology of Genus Hemerocallis

Karotype Analysis of a Daylily Clone Reared from Aseptically Cultured Tissues

Karotype Analysis of a Daylily Clone Reared from Aseptically Cultured Tissues

GENETICS OF SELF‐INCOMPATIBILITY IN THE MONOCOT GENERA, ANANAS (PINEAPPLE) AND GASTERIA

Genetic segregations for self‐incompatibility were obtained and analyzed in Ananas comosus and Gasteria spp. (G. verrucosa X G. picta). A single S locus with multiple alleles and gametophytic control of pollen phenotype was implicated in each genus. Inhibition of pollen‐tube growth in the upper third of the pineapple styles and in the ovaries of Gasteria was confirmed. Allied studies of the genus Hemerocallis revealed stylar inhibition in some species and ovarian inhibition in others. The ovarian site of incompatibility reaction is discussed, and its association with hollow‐styled or styleless species and binucleate pollen is emphasized.

Types of Anthesis in Hemerocallis and Their Heredity in F 1 Hybrids

Types of Anthesis in Hemerocallis and Their Heredity in F 1 Hybrids