Hematological Status Research Articles

Herbal supplements suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, boost humoral immunity, and modulate adipokines to enhance the productivity traits of rabbit bucks in hot climatic conditions

Thermal stress is the main stressor accounting for reduced productivity, compromised immunity, and collapse of thermoregulatory measures in rabbits in the tropics. The current climate change depicts worsening assault of heat stress in the time ahead; hence, the need to develop combative measures for animal productivity. This research investigates the influence of herbal supplements of three tropical herbs Viscum album (mistletoe), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), and Phyllanthus amarus (Phyllanthus) on immune response, oxidative status, adipokines, and growth of eighty weaned rabbits during heat stress in tropical climate. The bucks were fed with four standard diets; a control and others supplemented with each of Moringa, Phyllanthus, and mistletoe for an eight-week feed trial. Performance indicators were monitored and blood were sampled and assayed for hematology, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and oxidative status. The result shows that the performance of bucks fed with Phyllanthus and mistletoe supplements was superior to other groups. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the bucks fed with Moringa supplement, with significantly (p < 0.05) highest values obtained in the control group. Total antioxidant activity of the bucks fed with supplements was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those on control, with the significantly (p < 0.05) highest value recorded in bucks fed with Phyllanthus. Serum lipid peroxidation of the bucks on control was significantly (p < 0.05) highest and significantly (p < 0.05) least value was obtained in bucks on mistletoe. Heat shock protein 70, adiponectin, and leptin of the bucks on control were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than bucks on herbal supplements. Interleukin 6, interleukin β, and tumor necrosis factor α of bucks on control were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than bucks fed on herbal supplements. In conclusion, the inclusion of herbal supplements Moringa, Phyllanthus, or mistletoe suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, boost humoral immunity, enhance the anti-oxidative status, and promote the growth of rabbit bucks during thermal discomfort.

Evaluation of Hematological Factors and Micronutrients Among Children Infected with Enterobius vermicularis

Malnutrition, anemia, and micronutrient deficits may be associated with Enterobius vermicularis infection. Hence, the subject has recently received a lot of attention. The goal of this study was to analyse the nutritional, hematological and micronutrient status of children infected with E. vermicularis. This research was carried out in Baghdad from October 2021 to the end of March 2022. The study comprised 100 children of both sexes, ranging in age from 3-16 years. All individuals nutritional status was assessed using the weight-for-age Z score and the height-for-age Z score. As well as cellophane tape samples and blood samples were collected from all individuals. The cellophane tape samples were examined under microscope for E. vermicularis detection. Whereas blood samples were processed to assess many factors which were: haemoglobin, ferritin, total binding capacity (TIBC), serum iron, serum zinc and serum magnesium. Results revealed significant correlations between E. vermicularis infection occurrence and each of age and gender, even though most infections were noticed among females and among those who were between 3-9 years. The results also showed that the nutritional status, based on weight for age Z score, was significantly (P˂0.05) related to E. vermicularis occurence. Moreover haemoglobin, ferritin, serum iron, serum zinc and serum magnesium were noted to have significantly (P˂0.05) decreased among those who were E. vermicularis positive compared with E. vermicularis negative group. While total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) increased significantly among E. vermicularis positive children. The current investigation revealed that E. vermicularis infection had significant implications on several haematological elements, as well as stunting nutritional shortages. As a result, a lower prevalence of intestinal parasite infection (particularly enterobiasis) among children would almost certainly benefit their growth, development and educational outcomes.

A study to assess the effect of maternal hemoglobin level on foetal outcome among antenatal mothers in selected maternity hospitals at Mangalore

In developing countries maternal anemia during pregnancy has been reported to increase the risk of unfavorable foetal outcome. According to the standard laid down by WHO, anemia in pregnancy is present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11gm\100ml or less. In India its prevalence has been found to be in the range of 50-90% in 3rd trimester of pregnancy according to different studies conducted in rural areas. Maternal anemia in pregnancy is commonly considered as risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome and can threaten the life of mother and foetus. However, the extent to which the maternal hemoglobin concentration affects the foetal weight and foetal outcome is still uncertain. In the present study the researcher will investigate the possible effects of abnormal maternal hemoglobin level on foetal outcome. Interpretation and Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that there is a relationship between maternal hemoglobin level and fetal outcome such as birth weight, color of the new born, muscle tone, pre term birth and gestational age of the new born. A review of previous studies done showed that the risks of preterm delivery and LBW increased in proportion to the severity of maternal anemia. A comprehensive community based intervention with iron supplementation, helminthes treatment and increase in knowledge regarding information, education and communication through effective strategies, to improve the hematological status of pregnant women in each trimester, is needed and there by reduces maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.

Nutritional Status Differs by Prescription Opioid Use among Women of Reproductive Age: NHANES 1999-2018.

Prescription opioid use among pregnant women has increased in recent years. Prenatal exposure to opioids and poor nutrition can both negatively impact maternal-fetal outcomes. The objective of this study was to characterize the nutrition and health status of reproductive-age women taking prescription opioids, compared to women not taking opioids. Using NHANES 1999-2018 data, non-pregnant women aged 20-44 years were classified as taking a prescription opioid in the last 30 days (n = 404) or unexposed controls (n = 7234). Differences in anthropometric, cardiovascular, hematologic, and micronutrient status indicators between opioid-exposed and unexposed women were examined. Opioid-exposed women were older, had lower income and education, and were more likely to be non-Hispanic White, to smoke, and to have chronic health conditions compared to unexposed women. In unadjusted analyses, several nutrition and health markers were significantly different between opioid exposure groups. After controlling for covariates, women taking opioids had higher odds of Class II (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3) or III obesity (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.5), and lower levels of serum folate, iron, and transferrin saturation. Reproductive-age women taking prescription opioids may be at risk for poorer nutritional and cardiometabolic health. Future research is needed to explore whether nutritional status impacts maternal-fetal outcomes for women exposed to opioids during pregnancy.

Phytochemical, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Moroccan Arbutus unedo Leaves.

Moroccan Arbutus unedo is an essential medicinal plant; however, little is known about the biological properties of its leaves mentioned in Moroccan traditional medicine. Various standard experiments were performed to evaluate the phytochemical, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and acute and sub-chronic toxicity characteristics of A. unedo leaves. Phytochemical screening led to the identification of several phytochemical classes, including tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones, with high concentrations of polyphenols (31.83 ± 0.29 mg GAEs/g extract) and flavonoids (16.66 ± 1.47 mg REs/g extract). Further, the mineral analysis revealed high levels of calcium and potassium. A. unedo extract demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities by inhibiting α-amylase (1.350 ± 0.32 g/mL) and α-glucosidase (0.099 ± 1.21 g/mL) compared to the reference drug Acarbose. Also, the methanolic extract of the plant exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract. Precisely, three of the four examined bacterial strains exhibited substantial susceptibility to the methanolic extract . Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated that A. unedo harbor abundant bactericidal compounds. For toxicological studies, mice were administered with A. unedo aqueous extract at single doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg. They did not exhibit significant abnormal behavior, toxic symptoms, or death during the 14-day acute toxicity test and the 90-day sub-chronic toxicity test periods. The general behavior, body weight, and hematological and biochemical status of the rats were assessed, revealing no toxicological symptoms or clinically significant changes in biological markers observed in the mice models, except hypoglycemia, after 90 days of daily dose administration. The study highlighted several biological advantages of A. unedo leaves without toxic effects in short-term application. Our findings suggest that conducting more comprehensive and extensive in vivo investigations is of utmost importance to identify molecules that can be formulated into pharmaceuticals in the future.

Dietary phenylalanine requirement and tyrosine replacement value for phenylalanine for fingerling Channa punctatus based on growth parameters, hematology and antioxidant status

In this study, a 12 week feeding trial was conducted to estimate the phenylalanine requirement and the tyrosine replacement value for phenylalanine of fingerling Channa punctatus. In experiment I, six isoproteic (450g kg−1 CP) and isoenergetic (14.73 kJ g−1 DE) experimental diets were prepared with various phenylalanine concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 g kg−1 diet) at a fixed tyrosine level (10 g kg−1). Absolute weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein and phenylalanine retention efficiency and RNA/DNA ratio improved with incremental phenylalanine levels up to 10 g kg−1 of the diet, beyond which declined significantly. Red blood corpuscles, hemoglobin and hematocrit increased significantly with increasing phenylalanine levels up to 10 g kg−1 diet. Total serum protein, catalase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme were positively correlated with incremental phenylalanine levels up to 10 g kg−1 whereas aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity showed opposite patterns. Based on quadratic regression analysis of AWG and PRE, phenylalanine requirement was determined to be 10.2 and 11.5 g kg−1 diet respectively. In experiment II, six diets containing graded levels of tyrosine (1.9, 3.5, 5.2, 7.1, 9.5, 11 g kg−1) containing a fixed level of phenylalanine (10.6 g kg−1) were fed to fish to find out the tyrosine replacement value for phenylalanine. Based on AWG and PRE the tyrosine replacement value for phenylalanine was determined to be 41.4% and 42.3% on weight basis or 37.7% and 38.6% on molar basis, and total aromatic amino acid requirement was determined to be 17.2 and 19.8 g kg−1 diet, respectively.

Efficacy of using sunflower meal as an ingredient, and partial fishmeal‐replacer, in practical feed formulated for stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the growth performance, body composition, and haematological profile of Heteropneustes fossilis in response to the replacement of fish meal (FM) by sunflower meal (SFM). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The fish (initial average body weight of 2.42 ± 0.01 g) were reared in 15 glass aquaria (40 fish/aquarium) with a 150‐L water capacity. Five isoproteic (35%) diets were prepared by replacing FM protein with SFM protein at a rate of 0% (T0), 10% (T10), 20% (T20), 30% (T30), and 40% (T40). Fish were fed with experimental diet twice a day (9.00 and 16.00), 7 days a week for 8 weeks. Fish were sampled at the end of the experimental period of 8 weeks. At the end of the rearing period, the highest weight gain (6.25 ± 0.11g), % weight gain (163.32%), and specific growth rate (1.61 ± 0.03%/day) were observed in the control (T0) treatment, but the difference was not significant (p &gt; 0.05) with T10 and T20 treatments. However, all the growth factors were decreased with the further inclusion level of SFM in replacement of FM, and the lowest growth performance was observed in T40 treatment. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) followed the same pattern as the growth parameters. It was found that the whole‐body proximate composition of fish was also affected significantly (p &lt; 0.05). Haematological parameters significantly (P &lt; 0.05) altered at 30% and 40% levels of replacement of FM with SFM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that 20% FM protein can be substituted with SFM protein in the diet of H. fossilis without compromising growth performance, feed utilization, chemical composition, and haematological status. However, according to polynomial regression analysis, the optimum level of replacement of FM protein with SFM protein was determined to be 14.3% in the diet of H. fossilis.

Effect of brown algae Padina pavonica as a dietary supplement on growth performance and health status of cultured Oreochromis niloticus

Growth rates and health status of fish have been positively affected by adding dietary brown algae Padina pavonica as a meal. The present study aims to investigate the effects of P. pavonica on growth performance, hematology, biochemistry, and kidney and liver status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The diets of Nile tilapia, with an initial weight of 4.58 ± 0.03 g, were enriched with 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g/kg of P. pavonica concentrations for 45 days. This study was performed under two different conditions, i.e., experimental environment (A) and farming environment (B). At the end of the trial, the parameters of growth performance showed a significant difference between groups in experimental environment. However, they showed no significant difference in farming environment. The highest growth recorded with higher concentrations of P. pavonica diets (8.0 g/kg) as compared to their control in farming environment. In terms of hematological and biochemical parameters, this study revealed that there were highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the treated and control groups, with higher concentrations of algal meals (8.0 g/kg), in both farming and experimental environments.

Dietary Chitosan Supplementation Modulates Hematology, Lipid Profile, Rumen Function, Antioxidant Status, and Thyroxin in Zaraibi Goat Bucks Fed on High-Fat Diets

Recently, chitosan gained a great attention due to its unique biological activities as a natural biodegradable polymer derived from chitin with non-antigenic, non-toxic. It has several positive impacts on animal health including potent antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and anti-immunogenicity. Therefore, it is a natural, bioactive, mucoadhesive, and biocompatible compound used commonly as a safe additive in animal production. This study was conducted to detect the effects of dietary inclusion of chitosan in high-fat diet (HFD) on growth, hematology, lipid profile, rumen function, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status of Zaraibi goat bucks. Total of 18 sexually mature bucks (38.69±0.57 kg BW) were allocated into 3 groups (n= 6); the control group fed the control diet and treatment groups received HFD (the control diet with 3% fat) and the HFD plus 2.5% chitosan for 8 weeks, respectively. Results showed that HFD increase (P<0.05) final body weight, total weight gain, white blood cells (WBCs), and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), VLDL, LDL, and malondialdehyde (MDA) with declined free T4 hormone, and HDL with the exhaustion of GSH, CAT and GPx activities beside reducing ruminal total proteins, glucose, ammonia-N, TVFA, total and L-lactate concentrations. Chitosan dietary inclusion to HFD reversed the aforementioned parameters with a notable enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities, suppressed the elevated MDA levels, and restored the depleted T4 level. Therefore, chitosan could be safely utilized as a dietary supplement in buck's diets to improve organ functions, lipid profile, antioxidant defense system, scavenge free radicals, and potentiate Buck's reproductive activities.

The Effect of Probiotic Doses in Biofloc Growth on Hematological and Histological Status of Catfish

Biofloc technology is one of the promising methods to overcome water quality problems in fish farming. This technology uses an environmentally friendly approach and does not harm cultivated organisms. The success of biofloc technology depends on the accuracy of determining probiotics and doses in the treatment. This study used petrofish commercial probiotics containing Lactobacillus heterochiochii, Bacillus sp., Nitrosomonas sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a bacterial density of 1.2 x 106 CFU.mL-1. This study aimed to determine the suitable doses of probiotics for growing biofloc. Biofloc has a high content of protein. In the biofloc process, fish will consume the floc. It led to hematology status and intestine histology alteration that caused effects on fish growth. The method used in this study was an experimental method with a completely randomized design with four treatments. Each treatment will be repeated three times. The variable test was a difference of doses of probiotic P0 (0 L.L-1 water), P1 (1 L.L-1 water), P2 (1.5 L.L-1 water), and P3 (2 L.L-1 water). The observations on the value of hematological status showed erythrocytes in the P2 treatment was 2.9 x 1012.L-1 and P3 was 2.5 x 1012.L-1. It was categorized as a normal condition, while P0 and P1 (2.0 x 1012.L-1) were below normal values. The hemoglobin values of P2 (9.6 g.dL-1) and P3 (9.0 g.dL-1) were in accordance with normal values, while P0 (4.9 g.dL-1) and P1 (6.1 g.dL-1) were below normal. The hematocrit value in P2 was under the normal limit of 39%, while the treatments P0, P1, and P3 were below the normal limit. The leucocyte values in all treatments (P0, P1, P2, and P3) were above the normal (high) value, influenced by high stocking density. The best intestinal villi length was found in P2, which is 2431.42 µm; the villi width is 631.90 µm. Based on the observations on all variables, it can be stated that the probiotic doses have significant biofloc growth and hematological and histological intestine status. Furthermore, the (P2) treatment with 1.5 L.L-1 water effectively affected the growth of catfish (Clarias sp). Keywords: Biofloc, Catfish, Hematology, Histology, Probiotic Petrifish.

The hepatoprotective candidates by synergistic formula of marine and terrestrial against Acetaminophen toxicity using in-vitro, in-vivo, and in silico screening approach

BackgroundOne of the most regularly used hepatotoxic medicines is paracetamol (acetaminophen, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP). It causes liver failure in overdoses but is safe at therapeutic dosages. Combination therapy combining many natural compounds with a synergistic impact as hepatoprotective agents has become an essential therapeutic method against various disorders. ObjectiveDue to the lack of literature on paracetamol's effects on hematological and hepatic status parameters in male albino mice, the main goal of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activities of a mixture of three marine-derived polyphenolics and polysaccharides (Sargassum vulgare Bacillus oceanisediminis, and alginic acids) to Chrysanthemum extract and the mixture of them. MethodsSargassumvulgare, Bacillus Oceanisediminis, and alginate, as well as Chrysanthemum ethanol extracts, were tested for APAP-induced liver damage. Group 1 received saline solution subcutaneously, while Group 2 received 500 mg/kg body weight/day APAP intraperitoneal. Group 3 got 200 mg/day algal extract i.p. As in group 3, group 4 got an i.p. dose of 200 mg of algal extract before the APAP dose. This group was protected by Sargassum vulgare extract. Group 5: Received 200 mg/100 g/body of Bacillus oceanisediminis extracts i.p. for one week. Group 6: Received 200 mg/body of Bacillus oceanisediminis extract i.p. for one week before APAP treatment. Alginate (p200 mg/body weight/day) was given to Group 7. As in group 7, group 8 received 200 mg/body weight/day alginate extract i.p. before APAP. Group 9: Chrysanthemum extracts 200 mg/day for a week. Group 10: got an i.p. dose of Chrysanthemum extracts for one week before the APAP dose. Group 11: Four mixed extracts (Bacillus Oceanisediminis, Sargassum vulgare, Chrysanthemum, and alginate) were i.p200 mg/day for one week as a positive (+ve) control group. Group 12: Received i.p200 mg/kg combination extract for one week before APAP. ResultsDue to their synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, marine extracts and combinations of marine-derived extracts demonstrated a great effect against APAP toxicity, demonstrating hepatoprotective potential against APAP-induced liver damage. ConclusionThe synergy of the three marine-derived combinations may lead to novel liver toxicity prevention agents.

Radioligand therapy with &lt;sup&gt;177&lt;/sup&gt;Lu-DOTA-PSMA in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pharmacokinetics, safety, antitumour efficacy

INTRODUCTION: The results of studies of clinical potential of a new domestic radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer are presented in this article.OBJECTIVE: The pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of radiopharmaceutical were studied. Tolerability of increasing activities — 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 GBq was investigated.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 12 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, who progressed after previous treatment. The first 4 patients was treated by 5 GBq of 177Lu DOTA-PSMA, the next 4 patients of the second group was treated by 7.5 GBq, and the 4 patients of the third group was treated by 10 GBq. Radiopharmacokinetics was studied by whole-body scintigraphy, SPECT/CT, blood and urine radiometry. The radiation-absorbed dose (RAD) of metastases and organs at risk was studied by clinical dosimetry. Safety assessment also was studied by hematological status. All patients was taken a complete blood count, a biochemical blood test before course of therapy treatable and during the case study.RESULTS: Study data showed high accumulation of 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA the in pathological focus, the distribution in the body conformed to the previous data of PET/CT study. Blood radiometry showed that 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA rapidly excreted from the bloodstream (during the first hours after injection). Urine radiometry showed that, more than half of the injected dose was excreted during 2 days (from 34.4% to 88.8%).DISCUSSION: During the study was solicited increasing of pain syndrome, dry mouth. Most patients had moderate myelosuppression. Changes in hematological parameters had a transistor character, the adverse event resolved without consequences in 5 week. 4th grade of NCI CTCAE hematological toxicity criteria wasn’t identified. Serious adverse events weren’t identified too.CONCLUSIONS: Radiopharmaceutical demonstrated high affinity for tumor tissue and safety in the clinical use. Data, which demonstrating a high potential anti-tumor efficacy of radiopharmaceutical, were obtained. Dosimetric studies showed radiation safety of work with radiopharmaceutical for the personnel.

Seroprevalence of Human Parvovirus B19 in Haematological and Extra-haematological Disorders: A Retrospective Observational Study

Introduction: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) has an affinity for multiple organs and causes a myriad of clinical diseases depending on the host’s immunological and haematological status. The seroprevalence of human parvovirus B19 has mostly been studied in haematological disorders, but there is still a lack of data on B19V seroprevalence in extra-haematological disorders. Aim: To study the seroprevalence of B19V in haematological and extra-haematological disorders. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Data was collected from September 2017 to September 2020, and data analysis was done from October 2020 to January 2021. A total of 702 serum samples from patients suspected of B19V infection were received over a threeyear duration for parvovirus B19 antibody testing. Of these, 674 serum samples were included in the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The prevalence of B19V antibodies in different clinical disorders was investigated by collecting patient details like age, gender, underlying clinical disorder, and B19Vspecific Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies detected by quantitative enzyme immunoassay on all serum samples suspected of B19V infection using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 software. The Chi-square test was used to analyse statistically significant variables. Results: B19V-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in 35.7% (241/674) of the serum samples received over a three-year duration. The positivity rate was 94 (13.9%) for IgG, 108 (16%) for IgM, and 39 (5.8%) for both IgG and IgM. The positivity in adults aged 18 years and over (39.6% or 160/404) was statistically significantly higher compared to children aged 17 years and younger (30% or 81/270) (p=0.0109). Among the 241 B19V-positive patients, 126 (52.3%) had haematological disorders, and 115 (47.7%) had extra-haematological disorders. The total positivity of IgG plus IgM antibodies was highest in musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (33 (54.1%) and haematological disorders 126 (48.3%). Conclusion: The B19V seroprevalence was relatively low in the present study compared to most serological studies conducted in other regions. The present study provides information on the seroprevalence of B19V in both haematological and extrahaematological disorders simultaneously.

Analysis of Nutrient Digestibility, Hematological Status, and Blood Malondialdehyde Levels in Broiler Chickens Given a Combination of Cassava Tuber and Indigofera zollingeriana Leaves Flour as a Source of Energy in the Ration

Analysis of Nutrient Digestibility, Hematological Status, and Blood Malondialdehyde Levels in Broiler Chickens Given a Combination of Cassava Tuber and Indigofera zollingeriana Leaves Flour as a Source of Energy in the Ration

The effectiveness of adding vitamin E to herbal mixture containing diet on amino acid and fatty acid composition of meats and hematological status in broiler chickens

The addition of vitamin E to herbs can result in interactions between compounds in herbs and vitamin E. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation to herbal mixture containing diets on amino acid and fatty acid composition of broiler meats and hemotological status in broiler chickens. This study used a completely randomized design. Eighty 15-day-old female broilers were distributed into 2 treatment groups with 4 replications (10 female broilers) as follows. Feed with FSBL plus 1 g of turmeric and 2 g garlic (P1) and Feed of P1 plus vitamin E (P2). It was shown that vitamin E supplementation reduced aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, phenylalanine, I-leucine, leucine and total amino acid (P&lt;0.05). Vitamin E supplementation also significantly reduced Cis-11,14-eicosedienoic acid and saturated fatty acid (P&lt;0.05), but it had no effect on other fatty acids. Although the effect was not significant, palmitic acid was tended to be lowered by Vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation significantly reduced thrombocyte (P&lt;0.05), but it had no effect on Hb, WBC, RBC, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC. In conclusion, vitamin Esupplementation to herbal mixture reduced thrombocyte, total amino acid and saturated fatty acids in broiler chickens.

Blood count of patients of the dialysis ward in Mitrovica

Laboratory blood examination is one of the most important indicators of the state of the organism. When we are sick, this analysis reveals where the focus is, but even when there are no clear symptoms, the blood count and biochemical parameters can indicate a smoldering, as yet undetected problem. Disturbances in the blood count and biochemical parameters can be a reason to suspect various pathological conditions such as: anemia, vitamin deficiency, autoimmune diseases, bone marrow diseases, infections, inflammation, thalassemia (lack of hemoglobin and red blood cells), and the negative effect of using different medicines... - Any deviation, jump or fall, from normal values ​​does not always mean that the disease is present, just as values ​​in the "normal" range do not always mean the absence of the disease. A blood test is a test that gives us not only an insight into the general state of health, but also serves to confirm the diagnosis of a particular disease. For example, if the doctor suspects an infection, a blood test can confirm that diagnosis based on accelerated sedimentation, elevated CRP value, changes in the leukocyte formula. In this way, it is possible to monitor the patient's health condition, the effects of the applied therapy, because taking certain medications can be reflected in the blood count. - Through a blood examination, we get information about the parameters related to the basic components of blood, such as red blood cells that carry oxygen, white blood cells that help fight infection, and then blood platelets that are important for blood clotting. - We also check hemoglobin (the protein to which oxygen and carbon dioxide bind and is found in red blood cells), hematocrit (the proportion of cellular elements in the liquid part of the blood), and we can also gain indirect insight into the work of other organs such as the liver , kidneys, glands with internal secretion. Sometimes the results of the blood count need to be supplemented with a biochemical blood analysis. (Testa NG,Molineux G (ur). Haemopoiesis: A Practical approach. Oxford University Press, New York 1993). Biochemical analyzes involve testing numerous parameters whose values ​​provide insight into the functioning of individual organs and the organism as a whole. - The goal of every laboratory analysis is to obtain accurate and reliable findings that will show whether changes have occurred in physiological functions and processes. (ISBT Committee on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens). When it comes to laboratory testing of blood, it includes two types of analysis: those aimed at examining the type, number, relationship and appearance of cellular elements of the blood (blood count, hematological parameters) and others, which check the biochemical composition of the blood and based on that establishes the work or condition of individual organs and tissues. - The goal of this work is to determine the biochemical and hematological status of patients in Mitrovica. The data are retrospective from the medical documentation (protocol) in the period from March 7, 2021 to March 7, 2022. In the regional hospital "Dr. Sami Haxhibeqiri", in Mitrovica.

Hematological findings of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) from eastern Turkey, obtained by blood film evaluation

Hematology is one of the best population health indicators, and the quickest way to gain insight into some hematological parameters is blood film evaluation. Sometimes, due to the inability to store blood, the unavailability of hematological instruments during field work, or the insufficient amount of blood for complete hematological analysis, blood film evaluation could be the only method for obtaining information about hematological changes. The population of brown bears (Ursus arctos) is often endangered, and is protected as an important integral species of terrestrial communities. Since any baseline hematological data of free-living endangered species are particularly important, the aim of this study was to test the possibility of using blood film evaluation, as the only source of hematological data, for assessment of an animal’s hematological and, consequently, health status. Blood films of seventeen brown bears from eastern Turkey were evaluated to assess the morphology of erythrocytes and leukocytes, estimate the total leukocyte count, determine the differential leukocyte count, and look for the presence of cell inclusions or hemoparasites. Rouleaux formations were present in twelve animals, poikilocytosis in four, while parasitic nematodes, microfilariae, were found in nine out of seventeen bears. The results confirmed that blood film evaluation alone could be of use in assessing an animal’s hematological status, but for more accurate assessment of health status, more blood parameters need to be analyzed. New findings in the study, such as the presence of rouleaux formations and microfilaria in brown bears from eastern Turkey, have opened the door for further investigation in this field.

Physiological Conditions of Broiler Chickens During Transportation with Vitamin Treatment and Distance Difference

The physiological condition of broiler chickens during the transportation process has changed, presumably due to changes in environmental conditions. Changes in the environment, such as transport distance, density in the basket, vehicle speed and vibration, and heat stress during the transportation process, are thought to cause stress in chickens, disrupting the body's homeostatic and metabolic processes. The condition of stressed chickens harms the physiology of livestock, especially the biochemical components. It can result in decreased body weight, increased heart rate, respiration, and increased temperature, to the chickens' hematological status, which can be detrimental to breeders' income. Giving commercial vitamins containing vitamins A, D, E, K, B, and C, minerals, and amino acids is an alternative solution that can minimize stress levels in broiler chickens. This study aims to analyze the physiological condition of broiler chickens given vitamins and without vitamins with different mileage during transportation. The research method used was an experimental method using a randomized block design. This study used a sample of 48 broiler chickens with a weight range of 1.4 to 1.9 kg, treated with vitamins and without vitamins at a distance of 0 km (control), 30, 60, and 90 km. The parameters measured were heart rate, respiratory frequency, temperature, and body weight. Hematological tests measured were erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, and leukocytes. The data were analyzed statistically. This research concludes that giving vitamins can stabilize the physiological condition of broiler chickens while being transported at a certain distance of 0 km (control), 30, 60, and 90 km. The treatment of giving vitamins at a distance of 90 km was no different from the control treatment. Evidenced by measurements of body weight with a value of 1.47 kg, heart rate of 262 times per minute, a stable respiratory rate at a value of 31 times per minute, and rectal temperature of 41 °C and hematological conditions of chicken blood such as erythrocytes of 2.60 c 106 mL, hematology 13.5 g/dL, hematocrit 33%, platelets 145 ´ 103 mL, and leukocytes 9 ´ 103 mL, are all in the normal range of broiler physiological conditions. Furthermore, it proves that giving vitamins can maintain the condition of the chicken's body from environmental temperature changes, transportation distance, transportation speed, and the density of transport baskets during transportation.

The Effect of the Restrictive Ketogenic Diet on the Body Composition, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative Stress and Advanced Glycation End-Products in Young Wistar Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.

Over the past few years, the interest in the application of the ketogenic diet (KD) for obesity management is growing. Although many studies have been performed on the effects of KD, the metabolic and physiological impact of KD is still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of calorie-restricted KD on the body weight and composition, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) assessed in an animal model with young Wistar rats. KD was followed for 4 weeks in maturity after an obesity-inducing high-fat diet during adolescence, resulting in a slowing down of the weight gain but higher adiposity compared to a standard diet. Increased adiposity resulted in an deterioration of liver parameters, suggesting negative changes in this organ. No adverse effects of KD were determined in haematological parameters in young rats. KD did not affect AGEs; however, a decrease in oxidative stress was observed. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that KD applied for weight loss in obesity induced in adolescence may reduce oxidative stress without compromising the haematological status; however, caution may be required to control adiposity, glucose level and liver health. Thus, KD therapy should be carefully controlled, especially in young subjects.

A Single-Arm, Low-Dose, Prospective Study of 177Lu-EB-PSMA Radioligand Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

We aimed to investigate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of radioligand therapy (RLT) of 177Lu-EB-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Methods: Thirty men with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with taxane-based chemotherapy and second-generation androgen deprivation therapy were enrolled. All patients received up to 3 cycles of approximately 2.0 GBq (55 mCi) of 177Lu-EB-PSMA per cycle at 8-wk intervals. The primary endpoint was therapeutic safety, including changes in hematologic status, liver function, and renal function. An additional primary endpoint was therapeutic efficacy, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and molecular imaging response. The secondary endpoints were PSA progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Another endpoint was patient-reported health-related quality of life. Results: From January 2019 to December 2021, 30, 22, and 11 patients received 1, 2, or 3 cycles of 177Lu-EB-PSMA RLT, respectively. During the entire follow-up period, 33.3% of patients experienced grade 3 hematologic adverse events. Seventeen (56.7%) patients achieved a PSA reduction of at least 50%. The median PSA PFS was 4.6 mo (95% CI, 2.7-6.5 mo), and the median OS was 12.6 mo (95% CI, 8.1-17.1 mo). A higher whole-body PSMA SUVmean correlated with a better PSA response, higher baseline alkaline phosphatase and larger total PSMA-positive tumor volume were associated with worse PSA PFS, and the existence of visceral metastases and higher PSA value at baseline were significant prognosticators of worse OS. Health-related quality-of-life outcomes improved significantly after 177Lu-EB-PSMA RLT. Conclusion: RLT based on approximately 2.0 GBq of 177Lu-EB-PSMA for up to 3 cycles may achieve a PSA response and hematologic toxicity comparable to those from 7.4-GBq doses of 177Lu-PSMA-617 for up to 4-6 cycles. Further studies with more cycles of 177Lu-EB-PSMA RLT are needed to evaluate the potential benefits in terms of PFS and OS.