Hematological Indices Research Articles

Pediatric COVID-19 diagnosis: The utility of hematological and inflammatory indices

This study aims to systematically assess the diagnostic utility of specific hematological parameters and indices in pediatric patients for the early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19, thereby contributing to enhanced clinical management and diagnosis of children. The study evaluated the diagnostic potential of hematological and inflammatory markers in 90 pediatric patients, including 49 with COVID-19 and 41 without. It focused on complete blood counts, systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII, calculated as platelet count multiplied by neutrophil count divided by lymphocyte count), platelet to mean platelet volume ratio (PLT/MPV), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin, comparing these markers between patients with and without COVID-19. COVID-19 positive patients exhibited higher hemoglobin levels and immature granulocyte percentages, along with lower total leukocyte, neutrophil, platelet counts, and procalcitonin levels (p-values: 0.02, 0.006, 0.01, 0.002, 0.007, and 0.01, respectively). The SII and PLT/MPV ratio were significantly lower in the COVID-19 positive group (p=0.01 and p=0.006, respectively), suggesting their potential diagnostic relevance. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that procalcitonin, PLT/MPV, and SII had comparable diagnostic utility, with area under the curve (AUC) values indicating moderate diagnostic accuracy (procalcitonin AUC: 0.65, p=0.013; PLT/MPV AUC: 0.67, p=0.004; SII AUC: 0.65, p=0.01). Our research highlights the PLT/MPV ratio and SII as breakthrough markers for early detection of COVID-19 in children, providing a significant advance in pediatric diagnostics and enhancing our ability to meet the challenges of the pandemic.

Use of non-alkaloid lupine grain of the variety Deko in compound feed for young laying hens

The purpose of the research was to study the use of alkaloid-free lupine grain of the variety Deco in compound feed for young laying hens of the cross Hisex Brown. The studies were carried out under the conditions of enterprises of the Volgograd region on poultry of the highly productive egg-laying сross Hisex Brown. The nutritional value of lupine with diff erent levels of its introduction into compound feed recipes instead of full-fat soy for young egg-laying hens was assessed. The positive eff ect of lupine use on such important animal science and physiological indicators as digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in diets, live weight of young hens, hematological indicators of experimental chickens, and economic eficiency was substantiated. Thus, the digestibility coefficient of dry matter of feed in the control group was 70.96 %, in the 1st experimental group it was 71.87 %, which was by 0.91 abs.% more than in the control group; in the 2nd experimental group it was 72.23 %, which was also higher than the control by 1.27 abs.% and in the 3rd experimental group the studied indicator was 72.07 % and was higher than the control group by 1.11 abs.%. The indicators of total and average daily live weight gain in the experimental groups were higher than in the control group. Thus, in the 1st experimental group these indicators were higher in comparison with the control by 12.5 g and 0.11 g (0.95 %). In the 2nd experimental group these indicators were higher than in the control group by 29.31 g and 0.25 g (2.23 %) and in the 3rd group by 18.38 g and 0.15 g (1.4 %), respectively. The economic efficiency in terms of cost indicators of compound feed for poultry in the control and experimental groups was within the following limits: in the 1st experimental group 857.5 rubles, in the 2nd experimental group 1286.25 rubles, and in the 3rd experimental group 1715.0 rubles.

Implications of ammonia stress for the pathogenicity of Shewanella spp. in Oreochromis niloticus: effects on hematological, biochemical, immunological, and histopathological parameters

Environmental stressors (such as ammonia) in aquaculture could increase the risk of pathogenicity, posing a more severe threat to farmed fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ammonia stress on the pathogenicity of Shewanella spp. in Oreochromis niloticus. First, a 96-hour static test was used to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of unionized ammonia to Nile tilapia. After 96 h of exposure, the Un-ionized ammonia (UIA) LC50 was estimated to be 4.26 mg/L. Second, an experiment was conducted to test the effect of unionized ammonia stress on the pathogenicity of Shewanella spp. in O. niloticus for 30 days. A study involved 180 fish divided into six groups, with the first group serving as a control. The second group (AMN1/10) and the third group (AMN1/20) were not challenged and were exposed to 1/10 (0.42 mg/L) and 1/20 (0.21 mg/L) of the 96-hour LC50 of UIA, respectively. Then 0.2 mL (0.14 × 105) of Shewanella spp. was intraperitoneally injected into the fourth (SH), fifth (SH + AMN1/10), and sixth (SH + AMN1/20) groups, which were subjected to 0, 1/10 (0.42 mg/L), and 1/20 (0.21 mg/L) of the 96-hour LC50 of UIA, respectively. The survival rate, hematological indices, immunological parameters, and antioxidant activity of the fish significantly decreased when they were exposed to ammonia and Shewanella infection separately or together. Histopathological changes were also observed in the kidney and liver. Furthermore, both individual and combined exposures significantly altered renal and hepatic function, with notable increases in glucose and cortisol levels, as well as in the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α and IL-1ß). However, the detrimental effects of co-exposure to ammonia stress and Shewanella infection were greater than those of separate exposures. As a result, we may say that increased ammonia concentrations enhance the infection of Shewanella spp. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of Shewanella infection in Nile tilapia.

Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the severity of acute coronary syndrome

Objective: To investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on myocardial damage, coronary multi-vessel lesion and postoperative indexes in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods: The patients, admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from September 2022 to October 2023 due to chest tightness and pain, diagnosed with ACS and accompanied by emergency/elective percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)at, were prospectively enrolled. Portable sleep monitor was used to monitor after stabilization of condition(postoperative day 2±1). The patients were divided into the OSA group (AHI≥15/h) and the control group (AHI<15/h) according to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The hematologic indices, echocardiographic parameters, coronary vascular scores and postoperative indicators between the groups were compared. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for muti-vessel lesion in patients with ACS. Results: One hundred and four ACS patients who met the inclusion criteria were ultimately included, including 85 males (81.7%) and 19 females (18.3%), aged (57.3±10.8) years, of whom 48.1% (50/104) were complicated with OSA. Body mass index (BMI), prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, triglyceride (TG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and D-dimer in the OSA group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in sleep parameters between the two groups (P<0.05). The patients in the OSA group exhibited higher troponin T (cTnT) [M(Q1,Q3),54.0 (9.3,343.8) ng/L vs 15.0 (7.8,38.8) ng/L, P<0.05], larger left atrial internal diameters [41.4 (39.3,45.2) mm vs 40.2 (37.1,42.0) mm, P<0.05], more diseased vessels [2 (1, 3) vs 1 (1, 2), P<0.001], a higher percentage of muti-vessel lesion[60.0%(30/50)vs 29.6%(16/54),P<0.05], and a higher incidence of cardiovascular complications during hospitalization[10.0%(5/50)vs 0(0/54), P=0.017]. The results of binary logistic regression analysis suggested that after adjusting for confounders, AHI (OR=1.035, 95%CI: 1.008-1.063, P=0.011) was independently associated with the development of muti-vessel lesion in patients with ACS. Conclusions: ACS patients with OSA suffer more severe myocardial damage, are more likely to develop structural abnormalities of left heart and multi-vessel lesion, and have a higher incidence of postoperative complications. High AHI is a risk factor for multi-vessel lesion in ACS patients.

A Method for Evaluating Hunger and Thirst in Monkeys by Measuring Blood Ghrelin and Osmolality Levels.

Hunger and thirst drive animals' consumption behavior and regulate their decision-making concerning rewards. We previously assessed the thirst states of monkeys by measuring blood osmolality under controlled water access and examined how these thirst states influenced their risk-taking behavior in decisions involving fluid rewards. However, hunger assessment in monkeys remains poorly performed. Moreover, the lack of precise measures for hunger states leads to another issue regarding how hunger and thirst states interact with each other in each individual. Thus, when controlling food access to motivate performance, it remains unclear how these two physiological needs are satisfied in captive monkeys. Here, we measured blood ghrelin and osmolality levels to respectively assess hunger and thirst in four captive macaques. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we identified that the levels of blood ghrelin, a widely measured hunger-related peptide hormone in humans, were high after 20 h of no food access (with ad libitum water). This reflects a typical controlled food access condition. One hour after consuming a regular dry meal, the blood ghrelin levels in three out of four monkeys decreased to within their baseline range. Additionally, blood osmolality measured from the same blood sample, the standard hematological index of hydration status, increased after consuming the regular dry meal with no water access. Thus, ghrelin and osmolality may reflect the physiological states of individual monkeys regarding hunger and thirst, suggesting that these indices can be used as tools for monitoring hunger and thirst levels that mediate an animal's decision to consume rewards.

Can Hematological Inflammatory Indices Be Used to Differentiate Modic Type 1 Changes from Brucella Spondylodiscitis?

Background and Objectives: Differentiation between brucella spondylodiscitis and Modic type I changes (MC1) includes difficulties. Hematological inflammatory indices (HII) such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) are suggested as indicators of inflammation and infection and have diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive roles in various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate differences between brucella spondylodiscitis and MC1 in terms of HII. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients with brucella spondylodiscitis and thirty-seven with MC1 were enrolled in the study. Brucella spondylodiscitis and MC1 were diagnosed by microbiological, serological, and radiological diagnostic tools. HII (NLR, MLR, PLR, NLPR, SII, SIRI, AISI) were derived from baseline complete blood count. Results: The two groups were similar for age (p = 0.579) and gender (p = 0.092), leukocyte (p = 0.127), neutrophil (p = 0.366), lymphocyte (p = 0.090), and monocyte (p = 0.756) scores. The Brucella spondylodiscitis group had significantly lower pain duration (p < 0.001), higher CRP and ESR levels (p < 0.001), and lower platelet count (p = 0.047) than the MC1 group. The two groups had similarity in terms of HII: NLR (p = 0.553), MLR (p = 0.294), PLR (p = 0.772), NLPR (p = 0.115), SII (p = 0.798), SIRI (p = 0.447), and AISI (p = 0.248). Conclusions: Increased HII can be used to differentiate infectious and non-infectious conditions, but this may be invalid in brucellosis. However, pain duration, CRP and ESR levels, and platelet count may be useful to distinguish brucella spondylodiscitis from MC1.

Could TREM-1 be a novel marker in the diagnosis of fibromyalgia?: A cross-sectional study.

Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) are transmembrane molecules expressed in cells of the immune system. Activation of TREM-1 leads to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which act as amplifiers of inflammation and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, whether inflammatory or not. This study explored the role of TREM-1 in the etiopathogenic context of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and its association with disease activity. This randomized controlled and observational study included 45 patients diagnosed with FMS according to the 2016 American College of Rheumatology criteria. Serum TREM-1 levels were assessed using ELISA, and disease activity was measured using various scales such as the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ). Patients were divided into 2 groups according to disease severity based on the FIQ score. Compared to a control group of 46 healthy individuals, patients with FMS exhibited significantly elevated concentrations of TREM-1 (mean ± SD = 216.97 pg/mL ± 16.04), P < .05. The FIQ, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, hospital anxiety and depression scale, fatigue severity scale, and visual analog scale, which confirm symptoms such as pain, disease severity, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and fatigue seen in FMS was significantly correlated with TREM-1 level (P < .001). The optimal threshold value for TREM-1 to disease activity was determined to be 182.250, showing (area under the curve) (CI (95%)): [0.940] (0.887-0.993), a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 89% according to the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The positive correlation of TREM-1 with various symptom severity scales and hematological inflammatory indices may be a suitable biomarker for the diagnosis of FMS and a potential therapeutic target.

Prognostic significance of refractory thrombus in STEMI patients and the role of red cell distribution width: A case-control study.

The high thrombus burden of the infarct-related artery (IRA) is associated with the adverse prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Our objectives were to investigate the predictors and evaluate the prognosis of refractory thrombus in STEMI patients. A total of 1305 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) were screened. The refractory thrombus group (n = 15) was defined as IRA thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow < grade 2 after multiple thrombus aspiration (TA). The control group (n = 45) was age- and sex-matched and was selected from the same batch of patients. Baseline hematologic indices were measured before the pPCI. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded during follow-up. The refractory thrombus group had significantly higher red cell distribution width (RDW) at baseline compared with the control group (13.1 [12.4-13.7] vs 12.6 [12.3-12.8], P = .008). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, RDW was an independent predictor of refractory thrombus (odds ratio: 8.799, 95% CI: 1.240-62.454, P = .030). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the RDW was 0.730 (95%CI: 0.548-0.912, P = .008). During a mean period of 26 months follow-up, patients in the refractory thrombus group tended to have higher percent MACEs compared with patients in the control group (53.3% vs 6.7%, P < .001). In the present study, we found that the refractory thrombus in STEMI patients was associated with the worse prognosis and the increased RDW might be a potential independent predictor.

Predictive role of platelets to lymphocytes ratio and neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio in COPD exacerbation

BackgroundThe hallmark of COPD is the progressive destruction of the lung parenchyma, which is frequently brought on by the body's inflammatory reaction to external stimuli (such as smoking cigarettes or pollution). According to reports, the peripheral blood's essential immune-related cell populations' absolute counts and ratios can accurately represent chronic inflammatory diseases. Complex interactions between immune-related cells, such as lymphocytes and neutrophils, are involved in inflammation, which can cause irreversible damage and loss of respiratory tissue. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), two hematological indicators of inflammation, have been studied in a variety of disease states, including solid tumors, systemic lupus erythematosus, coronary artery disease, retinal artery occlusion, chronic kidney disease, and stable COPD.AimCorrelation between NLR and PLR and outcome of COPD exacerbation.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 80 patients with COPD exacerbation who visited the outpatient clinic or were admitted to the Chest Department. CRP and calculation of NLR and PLR within 24 h from admission and 1 month after discharge were obtained to identify the prognostic value of NLR and PLR for the exacerbation, hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COPD.ResultsDuring COPD exacerbation PLR, NLR showed a statistically significant correlation with the need for hospitalization with a p value < 0.001. As regards correlation with mortality NLR was statistically significant with a p value of 0.006 while PLR showed a non-significant p value of 0.077. PLR and NLR were correlated with CRP as an inflammatory marker and both were statistically significant with p value 0.004 and < 0.001 respectively. During exacerbation, PLR and NLR were correlated with the need for mechanical ventilation and the results were statistically significant with p value < 0.001. PLR and NLR showed a significant increase during exacerbation compared to stable COPD patients 1 month after discharge with p value of < 0.001.ConclusionPLR and NLR are simple tests that could be used to predict the severity of COPD exacerbation and the need for hospitalization, MV, and mortality prediction.

Association between hematological indices and blood glucose level among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with a variety of implications: cellular, metabolic, and hematological. Hematological alterations observed in type 2 diabetes are related to hyperglycemia and have a vital role in vascular-associated diabetes complications which could be used as a marker for these complications. The aim of this study is to assess the association between hematological indices and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient clinics in Mosul. A case-control study was done on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes and 100 healthy controls attending Alwafa Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology and four family medicine health centers in Mosul for the period 1st of January 2024-30th of March 2024. Data collection was done by a direct interview with participants. Hematological indices were tested by using an automatic hematology analyzer. Statistically significant differences in Hb were found between diabetic patients and controls (P = 0.007). The total WBC count, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to controls (P = 0.001 for all). Moreover, platelet indices (platelets count and PDW) showed a significant difference between diabetic patients and controls (P = 0.004 and 0.000) respectively. In addition, total WBC count, neutrophil count, and lymphocytes show a statistically significant positive correlation with FBS (P = 0.026, 0.050, and 0.019) respectively. This study revealed statistically significant differences in various hematological parameters between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. Regular testing of hematological indices helps in early detection and proper management of diabetic complications.

Toxicological insight of metiram: immuno-oxidative, neuro-behavioral, and hemato-biochemical changes during acute exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

BackgroundThe inappropriate use of pesticides including fungicides creates severe biological hazards that can endanger fish health and impede sustainable aquaculture.ObjectiveThis study investigated the negative impacts of metiram (MET), a fungicide on the health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for a 96-hour duration as an acute exposure in a static renewal system.MethodsThree hundred fish (average body weight: 37.50 ± 0.22 g) were assigned into six groups (50 fish/group) with five replicates (10 fish/replicate). Fish were exposed to various six concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 mg/L) of MET as a water exposure to for 96-hour without water exchange. The fish’s behavior, clinical signs, and mortalities were documented every day of the exposure period. Additionally, MET’s impact on blood profile, stress biomarkers, hepato-renal functions, immune-antioxidant status, and brain biomarker were closely monitored.ResultsThe lethal concentration (LC50) of MET estimated using Finney’s probit technique was 3.77 mg/L. The fish’s behavior was severely impacted by acute MET exposure, as clear by an increase in surfacing, loss of equilibrium, unusual swimming, laterality, abnormal movement, and a decline in aggressive behaviors. The survivability and hematological indices (white and red blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, hematocrit value, and hemoglobin) were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner following MET exposure. Acute exposure to MET (1.5–7.5 mg/L) incrementally increased stress biomarkers (nor-epinephrine, cortisol, and glucose), lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde), and brain oxidative DNA damage biomarker (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine). A hepato-renal dysfunction by MET exposure (4.5–7.5 mg/L) was evidenced by the significant increase in the alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and creatinine values. Moreover, a substantial decline in the immune parameters (lysozyme, complement 3, serum bactericidal activity, and antiprotease activity) and antioxidant variables (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) resulted from acute MET exposure.ConclusionAccording to these findings, the 96-hour LC50 of MET in Nile tilapia was 3.77 mg/L. MET exposure triggered toxicity in Nile tilapia, as seen by alterations in fish neuro-behaviors, immune-antioxidant status, hepato-renal functioning, and signifying physiological disturbances. This study emphasizes the potential ecological dangers provoked by MET as an environmental contaminant to aquatic systems. However, the long-term MET exposure is still needed to be investigated.

CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE RAT UNDER CONDITIONS OF TOXIC INJURY WITH ACETAMINOPHEN

The aim of this work was to to determine the integral leukocyte indices in animals with toxic damage by acetaminophen on the background of protein deficiency. The study was conducted on 4 groups of animals: Group I - control animals (K); II – rats kept on a low-protein diet (LPD); ІІІ – animals with acetaminophen-induced liver injury receiving complete ration (AII); IV – animals with acetaminophen-induced liver injury that were previously maintained on semi-synthetic low-protein ration (LPD/AII). Preparation of blood smears, their fixation and staining was carried out by the generally accepted method. The ratio of different types of leukocytes in stained blood smears was calculated using a standard method using a leukocyte counter and a microscope (eyepiece × 10, objective × 100). Standard formulas were used to calculate integral hematological indices. It was established that the supply of protein in the diet is critical for the functioning of the immune system under conditions of acetaminophen intoxication, since under these conditions there is a change in leukocyte indices, in particular, the index of immunoreactivity, the index of leukocyte shift, the index of the ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes, the index of the reactive response of neutrophils, which indicates the intensification of inflammatory processes in the body and the formation of defects in the cellular link of immunity, disruption of the mechanisms of the specific immune response and the formation of a state of endotoxicosis. The obtained results can be used to develop approaches to the early diagnosis of impaired immunoreactivity in animals with toxic damage by acetaminophen against the background of dietary protein deficiency, while the studied integral hematological indicators can be used as additional early diagnostic markers of impaired immunoreactivity and endotoxicosis. Key words: acetaminophen, dietary protein deficiency, leukocytes, immunoreactivity indices

Blood profile and liver histopathological analysis of broiler chickens fed dried cashew apples (Anacardium occidentale L.)

This study utilized a total of 210 one-day-old chicks to evaluate the blood profile and liver histopathology of Ross 308 broiler chickens fed diets containing Dried Cashew Apples (DCA). The chicks were allocated into seven treatment groups, each consisting of three replicates of 10 birds. The experimental design used a (2 x 3) +1 augmented factorial in a completely randomized arrangement. Diet 1 was the control (maize-soybean meal-based), while diets 2, 3, and 4 contained 10%, 20%, and 30% DCA without enzyme supplementation. Diets 5, 6, and 7 contained 10%, 20%, and 30% DCA with exogenous microbial enzyme supplementation. Data on haematological indices, serum biochemical indices, and liver histology were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25, with means separated by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test of the same statistical package at p &lt; 0.05. The results indicated that DCA inclusion, with or without enzymes, significantly influenced all haematological parameters except MCV, showing lower PCV, Hb concentration, and RBC counts in DCA groups compared to the control. Enzyme supplementation at 20% DCA increased PCV, while at 10% and 30% DCA, it decreased Hb concentrations and increased WBC counts at 30% DCA, with varying effects on neutrophils and lymphocytes. Serum biochemistry showed that DCA inclusion affected all parameters except AST, with the highest ALT values in birds on 10% DCA without enzymes and the lowest in the control group. Enzyme supplementation significantly influenced AST, ALT, TP, globulin, albumin, urea, and creatinine levels, particularly at 20% DCA. Liver histology showed no lesions in control birds but varying degrees of necrosis, inflammation, atrophy, and congestion in DCA-fed birds, worsening with higher DCA and enzyme levels. In conclusion, broilers can tolerate 10% DCA in their diet, but higher levels lead to physiological stress, necessitating careful consideration of DCA inclusion levels to maintain bird health and welfare.

Hepatotoxicity of oral exposure to 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline: toxicity prediction and in vivo evaluation

2-Methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA), an intermediate in the synthesis of azo dyes, is widely distributed in various environmental media and organisms. Although there is speculation regarding MNA’s potential to be hepatotoxic, the underlying mechanisms of its hepatotoxicity and its definitive diagnostic process remain largely unexplored. In this research. In the present study, we initially predicted the toxicity and possible toxic effect pathways of MNA using ProTox-II, and found that MNA binds to the PPARγ receptor (binding energy －6.118 kcal/mol) with a potential PPARγ agonist effect. Subsequently, in vivo exposure evaluation was conducted on Wistar rats to assess the impact of MNA after a 90-day exposure period, by detecting serum biochemical indexes, hematological indexes, urinary indexes, inflammatory factors, liver histopathological observations and liver tissue PPARγ mRNA expression. The results showed that MNA causes liver function abnormalities, liver histopathological changes and inflammatory response, along with a pronounced increase in PPARγ mRNA levels. This study suggests that the hepatotoxic mechanism of MNA may be related to its possible upregulation of PPARγ expression, increased liver dysfunction and inflammatory responses. Based on these results, the benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL) of 1.503 mg/kg for male Wistar rats was also established, providing a vital benchmark for determining the safety threshold of MNA. Our data highlight the hepatotoxic mechanism of MNA and contribute to a better understanding of its potential etiological diagnosis.

Evaluation of the Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume as Predictors of the Outcome in Patients with Hemotoxic Snake Bite: A Prospective Study on Patients in Poison Control Centers Ain Shams University Hospitals and Assiut University Hospitals

Abstract Background Snakebite envenomation is considered a major health problem especially in developing centuries. Snakebite envenomation cause major morbidities, disabilities and mortalities. Novel biomarkers as; neutrophils to lymphocytes Ratio (NLR) and plateletto lymphocytes Ratio (PLR)are hematological inflammatory indices that can be a guide for diagnosis, prognosis of the snakebite envenomation. Methodology This was a prospective case control study, which was carried out on 60 hemotoxic snake bite envenomed patients that admitted at Poisoning Control Center AinShams University Hospitals (PCCAUH) and Assiut University Hospitals (AUH) in the period from 1st of July 2019 to 31st of October 2021. In addition, 60 healthy volunteers were used as control subjects. The study aimed to evaluate the role of NLR, PLR and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) at admission as predictors of the outcome in patients with hemotoxic snakebite envenomation. The patients were divided into mild, moderate and severe groups according to severity of snake envenomation. Result Sixty hemotoxic snake bite envenomed patients (28 patients admitted at PCC-ASUH and 32 admitted at AUH), were divided into (38.4%) mild, (31.6%) moderate and (30%) severe groups according to the severity of snake envenomation. Maximum incidence was found in male (95%) from rural areas (80%) and were farmers (43.3%) from total cases. It was observed that bite was more frequent at lower limbs (70%), outdoors (81.6%), at night (51%) and during autumn season (43.3%). It was found that there was significant positive correlation between NLR at admission and duration of hospitalization, PLR, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level and whitebloodcells (WBCs) count. While, significant negative correlation was found between NLR and prothrombin concentration (PC), red blood cells(RBCs) and plateletcounts. Also, significant positive correlation was found between PLR at admission and duration of hospitalization, NLR, CPK level and platelets count. Inaddition, significant positive correlation was found between MPV and PT. About 47 (78.33%) patients had complete recovery and about 13 (21.67%) patients recovered with complications including; local complications in (21.67%), systemic complications in (13.33%) and chronic complications In (5%). There were no recorded deaths in the study. It was found that hemotoxic snake bit eenvenomed patients Admitted at PCC-ASUH were significantly more severe,required more antivenom vials and more intensive care unit(ICU) admission than those admitted at AUH. Conclusion NLR and PLR values at admission were significantly high in hemotoxic snake bite envenomed patients and can be used as predictors for diagnosis and prognosis of hemotoxic snake envenomation.In addition, NLR and PLR had significant association with severity of envenomation, duration of hospitalization.

Analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of robot-assisted percutaneous screw fixation in the minimally invasive treatment of pelvic fractures.

To compare the therapeutic efficacy of robot-assisted and manual screw placement techniques for the treatment of pelvic fractures. This study included patients with pelvic fractures admitted to our orthopedic department between January 2020 and January 2022. They were randomly assigned to either the robot-assisted group or the control group. Various parameters, including surgical duration, intraoperative bleeding, fluoroscopy frequency, postoperative pain, length of hospitalization, postoperative hematological indices, postoperative functional scores, and postoperative complications, were compared between the two groups. There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, and preoperative hematological parameters between the two groups. The robot-assisted group exhibited significantly shorter surgical duration, lower fluoroscopy frequencies, lower postoperative pain scores, and shorter length of hospitalization compared to the control group. At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, patients in the robot-assisted group demonstrated significantly higher Majeed functional scores in comparison to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in Majeed scores at 12 months postoperatively. Moreover, there were no significant differences in postoperative complications between the two groups. Robot-assisted minimally invasive treatment of pelvic fractures using hollow screws effectively reduced surgical duration, mitigated intraoperative bleeding and postoperative pain, shortened hospital stays, and promoted faster functional recovery.

Effect of Feeding Unpeeled Cassava Mash as Substitute for Maize in Layers Diet on Egg Quality and Hematological Parameters

The effect of feeding unpeeled cassava mash on layers to evaluate egg quality and hematological indices was investigated with one hundred and fifty birds that were thirty-four weeks old which were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments of 30 birds and replicated twice with fifteen birds each. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment 1 (100% maize) serves as control, while treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 25% unpeeled cassava mash, 50% unpeeled cassava mash, 100% unpeeled cassava mash and 25% peeled cassava mash respectively. There was significant (P&lt;0.05) difference in shell surface area, Egg length, Egg breadth, Egg shape index, shell thickness and yolk colour score in all the treatments, while other parameters measured were not significantly different. As for Heamatological indices. There was no significant difference in all parameters measured. Haemoglobin (Hb) increased slightly with increased levels of unpeeled cassava mash inclusion. In conclusion replacement of unpeeled maize up to 100% inclusion level has no deleterious effect on the birds but the best result that can compete favourably with maize is 50% inclusion level. Therefore 50% inclusion level is recommended to farmers to maximize production and achieve desired result.

Antiplasmodial activity of Azanza Garckeana root bark extract and its effect on hematological indices in plasmoduim berghei infected mice

Antiplasmodial activity of Azanza Garckeana root bark extract and its effect on hematological indices in plasmoduim berghei infected mice

Associations of three differential white blood cell counts, platelet counts, and their derived inflammatory indices with cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Inflammation is thought to be a vital element in the etiology of cancer-related fatigue (CRF), and circulating blood cell parameters could be important markers of inflammatory response. However, the associations of several major blood cell counts and their derived inflammatory indices with CRF are not well described. The present study aimed to establish whether a relationship exists between the counts of three white blood cell (WBC) types, platelets, and CRF and investigate whether several systemic inflammatory indices were associated with CRF in patients with breast cancer (BC). A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 824 patients with BC undergoing chemotherapy. The cancer fatigue scale was administered to assess CRF. Hematological indicators, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, were retrieved from routine blood test. Network analyses were used to examine the associations among them. Among 824 participants, the mean score of CRF was (27 ± 10), ranging from 0 to 57. The results of network models indicated that physical fatigue was negatively linked to lymphocyte counts (weight = - 0.161), and affective fatigue was positively associated with neutrophil counts (weight = 0.070). Additionally, physical fatigue was positively linked to the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (weight = 0.049). There were preliminary associations of counts of three WBC types, platelet counts, and systemic inflammatory indices, with distinct dimensions of CRF in patients with BC. Findings provide empirical support for the cellular basis of fatigue-associated inflammatory states.

Correlation between genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of patients with scrub typhus in Guangzhou, China

Objective: To explore the correlation between genotypes of Orientia (O.) tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of scrub typhus patients. Methods: Clinical data of patients with scrub typhus admitted to different types of medical institutions in Guangzhou from September 2012 to December 2016 were collected using medical records. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, as well as hematological and biochemical indicators of patients infected with different genotypes were analyzed and compared. Results: A total of 192 patients were included in this study, including 121 patients with Karp genotype of O. tsutsugamushi infection (63.0%), 36 patients with Gilliam genotype (19.0%), 23 patients with Kato genotype (12.0%), and 12 patients with TA763 genotype (6.0%) infection. The median value of albumin in patients with Karp genotype infection was significantly lower than that of Gilliam-infected patients (P=0.032). Patients with Karp genotype infection had a significantly longer hospital stay (9 days) than those with Gilliam genotype (7 days) (P=0.009) and Kato genotype infection (6 days) (P=0.005). Karp-infected patients also represented for the largest number of patients with complicated organ involvement (88/133, 66.2%). Furthermore, Karp-infected patients had higher risk of developing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (18.2%) and requiring intensive care unit treatment (15.9%). Besides, patients with Gilliam genotype (8 days) and TA763 genotype infection (7.5 days) had shorter fever duration than those with Karp genotype (9 days) and Kato genotype (9 days) infection, respectively. Conclusions: Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi were associated with varying clinical manifestations, organ involvement, and treatment outcomes, suggesting that genotypes ranged in virulence.