Hematological Changes Research Articles

Pathology and Oxidative Stress Changes Associated with Pregnancy ‎Toxaemia in Ewes

Pregnancy toxaemia is often associated with negative energy balance, and ewes carrying multiple lambs are at risk due to high energy requirements. Deficient nutritional intake with a consequent body fat mobilization for energy, results in production of reactive oxygen species which leads to pathologic changes. This study aimed to evaluate the pathology and oxidative stress changes associated with pregnancy toxaemia in ewes. A total of 33 animals aged 2-3 years with mean weight of 40 ± 0.43 to 60 ± 0.50 kg, were selected from different private breeders’farms in Ilorin. Twenty-three animals that showed signs of pregnancy toxaemia (recumbence, weakness, and restlessness) were selected and labeled as group A. Ten healthy non-pregnant ewes were also labeled as group B. There was a significant increase in packed cell volume (PCV%), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and glucose level in ewes with pregnancy toxaemia, while there was a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels in pregnancy toxaemia group. Postmortem findings included, congested ocular mucous membrane, congested and enlarged lungs, liver and spleen, congested intestinal mucosa and brain meninges, enlarged heart and dilated ventricles, atrophy of fat along the coronary grove of the heart, pale and enlarged liver, excess abdominal fat, and two dead fetuses. On the other hand, the histopathological examination of the pregnancy toxaemia group showed livers with oedematous areas and regular border vacuoles. The lungs were also congested and oedematous There is tubular necrosis and areas of congestion in the kidneys. In conclusion, this study reveals significant hematological and biochemical changes indicative of oxidative stress, alongside pathological findings in various organs such as the liver, lungs, and kidneys. These results underscore the complexity of pregnancy toxaemia and emphasize the need for further research to develop better management strategies.

Usefulness of Umbilical Cord Nucleated RBC as a Prognostic Marker of Neonate Born to Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Mother in Resource Limiting Settings

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension are multi-system disorders of the mother that affect the fetusbecause of utero-placental insufficiency. These neonates may also have a spectrum of hematological changes which may add to the existing morbidity in them. objectives: To correlate cord Nucleated red blood cells and neonatal outcome in Pregnancy induced hypertension.Materials and method: The study was conducted in the Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Janakpuri, New Delhi. A total of 55 cases and 55 controls of newborns fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The mother’s antenatal records were examined to rule out the Pre-Existing maternal medical illness. History of drug intake and complianceof treatment was recorded. Results: Cord blood nucleated red blood cells was significantly raised inneonates born to PIH mothers (>13 NRBC/100 WBC) compared to normotensive mothers and also hadsignificantly higher incidence of Low birth weight, Hypoglycemia, Respiratory distress and Asphyxia.Conclusion: NRBC count can be used as a simple tool where expertise not available and accordingly can plan the interventions. It is a special boon in a rural care center, where advanced diagnostic modalities are unaffordable or inaccessible. Umbilical cord NRBC count it correlates well with neonatal outcome.

Hematological manifestations of paraneoplastic syndromes in dogs

Hematological paraneoplastic syndromes are common but poorly studied complications in veterinary oncology, manifested by a variety of hematological changes associated with the system effects of malignant neoplasms on the animal's body. The article presents the results of studying hematological paraneoplastic syndromes, the research involves 131 dogs with spontaneous malignant neoplasms. We used a comprehensive methodological approach, including clinical, instrumental, morphological and hematological research methods. During the morphological study we found out that carcinomas were diagnosed in 33.6% of cases in dogs, of which breast carcinoma was registered in 24.4%, in other cases lung, liver, kidney and abdominal lesions were noted. We also discovered: sarcomas in 22.1% of cases, including hemangiosarcoma of the spleen in 7.6%; and gastrointestinal lymphoma in 16.8% of cases and lymph nodes; in 16.8% of mastocytomas. in 4.6% of melanomas of the skin and mucous membranes; squamous cell carcinoma in 6.1% of cases. As a result of hematological studies, it was revealed that anemia syndrome (18.4%), lymphopenia (16.8%) and thrombocytopenia (15.4%) are the most frequent changes in clinical blood analysis in dogs with oncological diseases. Neutrophilic leukocytosis, leukopenia and thrombocytosis had an identical incidence, which was 12.2% of cases. Monocytosis and lymphocytosis were diagnosed less frequently, in 4.6% of cases. Leukogram changes were observed in 75.4% of cases: in 66.2%, an increase in the percentage of neutrophils was found, with a shift to the left in 38.5% of cases, a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes in 18.5% of cases, monocytes in 6.2% of cases, eosinophils in 4.6% of cases. The frequency of hematological changes in the general clinical blood analysis of dogs depended on the histogenesis of the tumor. Hematological paraneoplastic syndromes can be used as an early marker of the oncological process, and they can also prevent timely prescription of treatment. Anemia and thrombocytopenia are absolute contraindications for chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Predicting severity in dengue patients - How far have we reached?

ABSTRACT Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a viral infection endemic in more than 100 countries in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially tropical Asia including India, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Dengue evolves with a dynamic course. There is limited knowledge about the predictive biomarkers to assess the severity progression of the disease. Aim: To study the clinical, hematological, and biochemical changes at the time of presentation in dengue patients and analyze their utility in discriminating patients with dengue fever from those with dengue hemorrhagic fever, with a brief review of the literature. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of medicine and the department of pathology of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. The study included 101 patients with clinical and serological diagnosis of dengue fever over a period of one month. The patients were allocated into two groups: Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), and their clinical features, hematological profile, and biochemical parameters [serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] were recorded and analyzed. Results: Leucopenia with activated lymphocytes, thrombocytopenia, and increased hematocrit were the most common hematological changes observed in the dengue patients. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were altered in both DF and DHF with more derangement being noted in DHF. Conclusion: Patients with both dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever presented with similar clinical, hematological, and biochemical changes; however, these changes were more pronounced in the latter. Hence, the laboratory parameters can be used as an adjunct to early diagnosis and also in predicting the severity of dengue.

Comparison of Hemopoietic Biochemical Parameters in the First, Second, and Third Trimester of Pregnant Females Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Rajasthan.

Pregnant women constitute a high-risk group for nutrient deficiency anemia which may be associated with detrimental effects on maternal and infant health. This study aimed to assess and compare hematological and biochemical changes across trimesters in pregnant women, considering parameters such as hemoglobin, serum iron, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, vitamin B12, and folic acid. The research sought to identify mean value differences, correlations, and potential implications for maternal healthcare practices. A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted, involving 60 primigravida women with singleton pregnancies. The subjects were assessed during the first, second, and third trimesters. Biochemical parameters were assessed using standard methods, and statistical analysis was performed to identify significance and correlations. The study revealed a significant decline in hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, and folic acid as pregnancy advanced. Hemoglobin levels decreased from 11.40 g/dl (first trimester) to 10.43 g/dl (third trimester). Serum iron exhibited a decline from 109.73 µg/dl (first trimester) to 94.03 µg/dl (third trimester). Serum ferritin decreased from 24.93 ng/ml (first trimester) to 18.21 ng/ml (third trimester). Vitamin B12 levels dropped from 255.92 pg/ml (first trimester) to 92.13 pg/ml (third trimester). Folic acid levels decreased from 13.82 ng/ml (first trimester) to 11.77 ng/ml (third trimester). UIBC and TIBC concentrations increased progressively across trimesters. Statistical evaluations confirmed the significance of these trends. The coefficient of correlation indicated positive relationships between hemoglobinand serum iron, ferritin, folic acid, and vitamin B12.Positive correlation between serum iron and ferritin, vitamin B12, and negative with folic acid. Serum ferritin negatively correlated with vitamin B12 and folic acid. Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 are positively correlated. The findings emphasize the dynamic nature of hematological and biochemical changes during pregnancy. The observed trends have profound implications for maternal healthcare practices, urging targeted interventions, early monitoring, and supportive supplementation. Recognizing these variations contributes to the optimization of health outcomes for both mother and child.

The current scenario of the interference of anemia and red blood cells in the results of glycated hemoglobin: scope review

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Among the techniques used to measure blood glucose levels in patients with DM, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test is the gold standard for long-term assessment. A single measurement of HbA1c may lead to incorrect diagnosis due to test interference, as in cases of anemia. In addition to anemia, changes in erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels can interfere with biomarker measurement, as HbA1c measurement is dependent on hemoglobin levels. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and summarize the main hematological changes that may interfere with HbA1c results. For this purpose, the Pubmed database was consulted between 2017 and 2022. The search returned 335 articles which, after screening, were reduced to 10, which allowed the analysis of the theme. The results revealed that changes in erythrocyte levels are capable of influencing HbA1c results through different mechanisms. Through the data presented in this review, it is expected to assist healthcare professionals in interpreting HbA1c results, minimizing possible harm that could be caused to patients.

Haematological changes in Trypanosomosis infected buffalo and its therapeutic management

Haematological changes in Trypanosomosis infected buffalo and its therapeutic management

Hematological parameters of Mugil liza mullet submitted to different concentrations of formalin and freshwater

Lebranche mullet, Mugil liza is a species of high economic value for fishing. Despite the importance of the species, little is known about the effects of therapeutic baths on the hematological parameters of mullet. Such parameters are important tools for facilitating the early detection of diseases and illnesses that may impair the performance of the animals. This study evaluated the hematological parameters of mullet submitted to therapeutic baths with formalin and freshwater. For the experiment a total of 108 mullets were used, divided in groups of six individuals per tank. In this experiment, immersion baths were tested for 1 hour in freshwater (zero salinity), formalin at concentrations: 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mg L-1 in seawater and a control (without formalin and parasitized), in triplicate. After the immersion bath, fish blood was collected from the caudal vein for evaluation of hematological parameters. The blood was destined to erythrogram, leukogram, thrombogram and glucose determinations. The hematological analyses found significant difference in the number of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC and glucose. However, there was no significant difference in thrombocyte, total leukocyte, monocyte and neutrophil values. It is concluded that 150 mg L-1 formalin concentration and freshwater bath for one hour can be used for mullet as it causes mild hematological changes.

Protective Effect of Royal Jelly on Some Hematologic Parameters Against Sodium Arsenite Toxicity: A Study in Rats

This study examined the effect of royal jelly on some hematological values against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced toxicity in rats. Royal jelly is a known functional bee product; therefore, its potential to protect against these effects is of great importance. In this study, the effects of royal jelly on hematologic changes were investigated. In the study, 35 healthy Wistar albino male rats weighing 250–300 g and 12–13 weeks old were used. Rats were divided into different groups by gavage daily for 14 days. WBC, LYM, MID, GRA, RBC, HGB, MCHC, MCH, MCV, HCT, PLT, MPV, and PDW values were measured in blood samples. When the measured values were analyzed, the MID, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, and PDV values did not show statistical significance in all experimental groups (P>0.005). However, significant decreases in %LYM, %MID, HCT, and PLT values and increases in WBC, GRA, and %GRA counts were observed in all groups (P < 0.005). This review shows that royal jelly has a potential effect on the hematological and immune systems against toxicity caused by harmful heavy metals such as arsenic. In particular, further research is required to identify the most effective dosage of royal jelly. The results highlight the protective potential of royal jelly against toxicity, which requires further investigation.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Sedum lineare Thunb Extract: Acute Toxicity and Anticonvulsant Effects in Swiss Albino Mice

Aim: This study aimed to assess the acute toxicity and anticonvulsant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sedum lineare Thunb in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity was evaluated by administering a high dose (2000 mg/kg) of the hydroalcoholic extract and monitoring mortality, behavioral changes, body weight, and food/water consumption. Hematological parameters and organ histopathology were analyzed to assess systemic effects. The anticonvulsant activity was explored using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and picrotoxin-induced seizure models at various extract doses (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg). Results and Discussion: The acute toxicity study revealed the safety of the hydroalcoholic extract, with no observed mortality, behavioral changes, or adverse effects on body weight and food/water consumption. While hematological changes were statistically significant, their clinical relevance requires further exploration. Histopathological examination confirmed the absence of organ toxicity. In the anticonvulsant assessment, the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited a protective effect against PTZ-induced seizures, significantly delaying jerk onset at the highest dose. Although not prevent clonic convulsions entirely, it dose-dependently reduces mortality rates. In the picrotoxin model, particularly at 250 mg/kg, the extract significantly increased clonic convulsion latency and suppressed mortality, indicating a potential modulatory role against seizures. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of S. lineare Thunb demonstrated favorable acute toxicity and promising anticonvulsant effects in Swiss albino mice. The observed hematological changes warrant further investigation for clinical relevance, and additional studies, including long-term assessments and biochemical analyses, are recommended to comprehensively evaluate the extract’s safety and therapeutic potential. These findings support further exploration of S. lineare Thunb as a potential candidate for neurological disorder interventions..

A nano-cocktail of the PARP inhibitor talazoparib and CDK inhibitor dinaciclib for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer

BackgroundThe addition of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKi) dinaciclib to Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) therapy is a strategy to overcome resistance to PARPi in tumors that exhibit homologous recombination (HR) deficiencies as well as to expand PARPi therapy to tumors that do not exhibit HR deficiencies. However, combination therapy using pathway inhibitors has been plagued by an inability to administer doses sufficient to achieve clinical benefit due to synergistic toxicities. Here we sought to combine nanoformulations of the PARPi talazoparib, nTLZ, and the CDKi dinaciclib, nDCB, in a nano-cocktail to enhance therapeutic efficacy while maintaining lower doses.MethodsPharmacokinetics of nDCB were assessed to ensure it is compatible with nTLZ. nDCB was combined with nTLZ to generate a nano-cocktail nDCB:nTLZ, which elicits greater cell death in vitro compared to the combination of the free drugs. MDA-MB-231-LUC-D3H2LN xenografts were utilized to assess therapeutic efficacy of the nano-cocktail in terms of tumor progression.ResultsAdministration of the nano-cocktail significantly slowed tumor progression in the HR proficient animal model compared to administration of free talazoparib and free dinaciclib at the same doses. Histology of the liver, spleen, and kidneys revealed long-term treatment did not induce nanoparticle associated morphological changes. Complete blood count did not reveal any significant hematologic changes after treatment with either the free combination or nano-cocktail.ConclusionsThe efficacy and toxicity data suggest that further dose escalation can be pursued in order to achieve a stronger response. These data suggest the administration of combination therapy through the nano-cocktail leads to a better response than the use of free compounds and is a promising strategy for implementing combination therapy in the clinic.

Abstract 5752: Enhanced cancer therapy strategies utilizing gelatin-lipidoid hybrid nanoparticles for RNA delivery

Abstract Nanoparticle delivery platforms have provided impetus for the emergence of novel RNA-based cancer therapeutics due to their ability to circumvent the physiological and cellular barriers in the delivery. The clinical success of these strategies hinges primarily on the safety and efficacy of the delivery vehicle. Here, we have developed a gelatin-lipidoid hybrid nanoparticle (GLNP) that utilizes gelatin's biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lipidoids' high transfection efficiency. With GLNP, we have demonstrated the efficacy of delivering siRNA and silencing AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase commonly associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. siRNA is attached to the surface of GLNP through covalent conjugation with gelatin, while the lipidoid on the system's interior electrostatically complexes with the siRNA. siRNAs are well protected by the GLNP when exposed to serum for at least 48 hours. The GLNP's bivalency significantly enhanced the downregulation of target genes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the bivalent GLNP can simultaneously target and downregulate two oncogenes. Apart from siRNA, GLNP was also able to encapsulate and deliver mRNA, thereby suggesting the potential to simultaneously deliver RNA therapeutics to effect knockdown and expression of target proteins and maximize therapeutic effect. The length of the carbon chain of the lipidoid can be manipulated to influence the physico-chemical properties of the GLNP and its efficiency in encapsulating and delivering RNA drugs. Importantly, gelatin was found to effectively shield the cationic lipidoid and negate its toxicity. Toxicity studies indicate that high doses of GLNPs (up to 48 mg/kg BW) are well-tolerated with no significant changes in body weight, hematology, or serum chemistry. The co-administration of GLNP-siAXL and TKI in PDX models has shown notable control of tumor growth. It is important to note that immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has shown significant survival benefits in NSCLC patients. However, the therapeutic effect is limited to only 20% of patients due to several resistance mechanisms, such as increased expression of oncogenic proteins. Therefore, our future study will explore GLNP's ability to sensitize NSCLC tumors to immune therapy. Citation Format: Abilash Gangula, Dhananjay Suresh, Agasthya Suresh Babu, Zhaohui Li, Anandhi Upendran, Raghuraman Kannan. Enhanced cancer therapy strategies utilizing gelatin-lipidoid hybrid nanoparticles for RNA delivery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5752.

A Review on Blood Reference Values as a Valuable Marker of Wildlife Welfare in Erinaceus europaeus.

The western-European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), in expanding its range towards human habitats, faces exposure to contaminants and biological agents, potentially leading to diseases associated with hematological and biochemical changes. As bioindicators of environmental pollution and carriers of zoonotic agents, hedgehogs play a crucial role in One Health studies, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of their clinical-pathological aspects. Exploring the blood reference values in healthy animals of this species is crucial for understanding and improving their well-being, and identifying possible diseases/pathogens that may affect its conservation and/or impact human health. This review is focused on analyzing the data available in the literature for Erinaceus europaeus blood reference intervals. A comprehensive literature review of the studies published in Europe is performed, highlighting their specificities, and emphasizing the need for continuous research in this field. Our final goal is to provide a crucial tool for assessing the health status of the species, and underscoring the significance of research in this specific domain.

Assessment of Haematological, Biochemical and Hormonal Changes in Mehsana buffaloes with Postpartum True Anestrus following Herbal Heat Inducer Treatment

The present study was designed to explore the effects of a new Herbal heat inducer in Mehsana buffaloes with postpartum true anestrus and consecutive changes in Blood haematological, Biochemical and Hormonal profile. All the buffaloes were orally supplemented with Herbal heat inducer mixture on (Jantana powder-10gm) 1st, (Metrali powder-20gm) 2nd and (Hitali-powder-500mg) 5th day for augmentation of oestrus. Out of total treated animals 10 animals expressed the signs of estrus within 30 days. Post-treatment analysis of the overall blood packed cell volume percent in conceiving buffaloes had a significant (p≤0.05) elevate. Overall blood plasma total cholesterol concentration (mg/dl) was found to be significantly (p≤0.001) elevated in all treated and both conceiving and non-conceiving buffaloes, respectively. Overall blood plasma progesterone concentration (ng/ml) was found to be significantly (p≤0.0001) and (p≤0.001) elevated in all treated and both conceived and non-conceived buffaloes, which indicate the positive favourable effect of all the drugs on postpartum true anestrus condition. However, Overall blood plasma tri-iodothyronine concentration (ng/ml) was found to be significantly (p≤0.001) and (p≤0.01) elevated in all treated and all conceived buffaloes. Findings of the present study revealed that strategic use of Indigenous herbal heat inducer in feed mixture may resolve the postpartum true anestrus problems in buffaloes.

Long-Term Low-Dose Pyrimethamine Use for the Prevention of Ocular Toxoplasmosis Recurrences: A Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the effect of long-term, low-dose pyrimethamine for the prevention of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) recurrences. Methods Sixty-three consecutive patients with inactive ocular toxoplasmosis and positive toxoplasma IgG serology were included. Pyrimethamine (25 mg) + folinic acid (15 mg) were administered every other day (three times weekly) for 12 months. Eighteen patients received the treatment for an additional six months as part of an extension study. Results Thirty-eight patients (60.3%, n = 63) were female; 38 (60.3%) had a previous history of recurrence and 37 (58.7%) had active OT within the preceding 12 months. Three (4.8%) patients had unilateral recurrences at 8, 12 and 18 months after starting intermittent pyrimethamine treatment. Five patients (7.9%) were discontinued due to hematological, renal and hepatic changes. Treatment was considered successful in 42 patients (84%). Conclusion Long-term, low-dose pyrimethamine can be considered as a treatment option for the prevention of ocular toxoplasmosis recurrence in selected patients, with only a few, mild and reversible systemic adverse events.

Chemical characterization, safety profile and antileiomyoma effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera Taubert (Fabaceae) fruit ethanol extract in Sprague Dawley rats

BackgroundTetrapleura tetraptera Taubert (Fabaceae) fruits are employed by herbal practitioners in the management of uterine leiomyoma, but its usage in this regard and level of safety in chronic administration has not been sufficiently established. This study evaluated the toxicity effects of T. tetraptera ethanol fruit extract and explored its antileiomyoma effect in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.MethodsSub-chronic toxicity test of the extract was done, with biochemical and hematological changes as well as histopathology of organs assessed. Leiomyoma formation was induced in SD rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG) and the extract given at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, following both the preventive and curative methods. Total serum cholesterol, protein and estradiol were determined, as well as histopathology assessment of the uterus. Phytochemical profiling of the extract was evaluated by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsNo significant alterations were seen in the biochemical and hematological indices in the toxicity test. The vital organs showed no changes at 200 mg/kg, but at 800 mg/kg it appeared to induce multiplication of glandular epithelium and stromal fibrosis in the uterus, and induced perivascular inflammation around the vessels of the heart. Total serum cholesterol and estradiol were significantly elevated (P ≤ 0.05) on treating normal female rats with 800 mg/kg MSG. Preventive and curative treatment of MSG-treated animals with the extract significantly decreased the elevated serum cholesterol (P ≤ 0.01) and estradiol (P ≤ 0.05). Histological studies of the uterus showed an amelioration of the proliferating fibroid cells with administration of the extract, which was more evident in the curative treatment. Result of HPLC analysis of the extract revealed rich composition in bioactive compounds such as umbelliferone, ferulic acid, aridanin, echinocystic acid, naringenin and hentriacontane.ConclusionThe ethanol fruit extract of T. tetraptera is relatively safe in Sprague Dawley rats in low doses and has antifibroid potential as seen in its significant reduction in the elevated total cholesterol and estradiol content as well as its ability to decrease uterine leiomyoma proliferation, which may be due to its array of phytochemical constituents.

Evaluation of Age and Gender-Related Patterns in Clinical Features and Hematological Findings Among Hypothyroidism Patients in the Al-Jouf Region of Saudi Arabia: A Hospital-Based Study.

The prevalence of hypothyroidism is high in Saudi Arabia and the contributing factors are iodine deficiency and lack of balanced nutrition. This study aims to correlate the gender, age, and presence of co-morbidities with the laboratory findings and clinical presentation. A cross-sectional study was done in the hospitals of the Al-Jouf region. The files of the patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism from the last two years were retrieved by non-probability consecutive sampling technique.IBMSPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23, (Released 2015;IBMCorp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and proportions (for qualitative variables) and mean and standard deviation (SD) (for continuous data). Associated factors were identified through a chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most of the patients were females within the age group of 36 to 50 years. Significant differences were observed between male and female patients with respect to the FT4 levels, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values, and RBC counts (p-values of <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed between male and female patients in the TSH levels and hematocrit values. Most of the patients were euthyroid (77.24%). The pattern of thyroid function status did not show significant differences with respect to the gender of participants and the different age groups (p-values of 0.447 and 0.775, respectively). The most common co-morbidities observed were diabetes and hypertension. No significant association between the co-morbidities and the pattern of thyroid function status was observed. The most common symptoms were epigastric pain, fatigue, constipation, drowsiness, altered bowel habits, and weight gain. This hospital-based study provides valuable insights into some epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and hematological findings in hypothyroidism patients of the Al-Jouf region. Significant differences were observed between male and female patients with respect to the FT4 levels, Hb levels, MCV, MCH, MCHC values, and RBC counts. The findings strengthen the existing knowledge base and emphasize the importance of timely detection and management of hypothyroidism in this population. Implementation of salt iodination programs and a timely evaluation of the hematological parameters is recommended. Further research is warranted to delve into the hidden mechanisms and long-term ramifications of hematological changes associated with hypothyroidism.

Prophylactic effects of Combretum molle boughs on changes in the hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters in dexamethasone-induced insulin-resistant rats

BackgroundCombretum molle (Combretaceae) is a plant used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed on the preventive effects of C. molle on change in hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters of insulin-resistant rats. The aim of the study was to evaluate the preventive effect of C. molle on changes in the hematological biochemical, and histological parameters of insulin-resistant rats. MethodsInsulin resistance was induced for 10 days by subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), one hour after oral pretreatment of animals with distilled water, metformin (40 mg/kg), and C. molle extract (250 and 500 mg/kg). Hematological profile (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and their indices), biomarkers of renal and hepatic function, hepatic glycogen level, activity of hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, and histological sections of kidney, liver and pancreas were assessed. ResultsC. molle extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) in white blood cells, platelets count, and the activities of fructose 6-diphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transaminases. It also caused significant increase (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) in red blood cells, hemoglobin, albumin, glycogen, urea, uric acid, and creatinine values, and fructose-1,6-diphospatase and glucokinase activity. Histological examination revealed regeneration of beta-cells of the pancreatic islets and preventive renal and hepatic tissues against damages caused by impact of dexamethasone. ConclusionC. molle extract protected insulin-resistant patients from hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes, there by validating the merits of the use of this plant in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Chemometric profiling and anti-arthritic activity of aerial parts of Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC.

Ethnopharmacological relevanceGlinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. belongs to the family Molluginaceae, an annual prostrate herb traditionally used to treat inflammations, arthritis, malarial, wounds, fevers, diarrhoea, cancer, stomach discomfort, jaundice, and intestinal parasites. However, the anti-arthritic activity of the aerial part has still not been reported. Aim of the studyTo investigate the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity of G. oppositifolius in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) induced rats. Materials and methodsThe dried aerial parts of this plant material were defatted with n-hexane and extracted by methanol using a soxhlet apparatus. The in vitro anti-arthritic activity of methanolic extract of G. oppositifolius (MEGO) was evaluated in protein denaturation, membrane stabilization, and inhibition of proteinase assay at 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/ml concentrations. Female Wistar rats were immunized sub-dermally into the right hind paw with 0.1 ml of CFA. Rats were administered with MEGO at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg once daily for fourteen days after arthritis induction. Assessment of arthritis was performed by measuring paw diameter, arthritic index, arthritic score, body weight, organ weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters, followed by the analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 13 (IL-13) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) and histopathological study. In vivo antioxidant effect was investigated in enzymatic assays. The presence of phytoconstituents was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. In silico molecular docking study of the compounds was carried out against COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α using AutoDock 4.2 and BIOVIA-Discovery Studio Visualizer software. ResultsMEGO's in vitro anti-arthritic activity showed dose-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation, membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibition, followed by significant in vivo anti-arthritic activity. The rats treated with MEGO showed tremendous potential in managing arthritis-like symptoms by restoring hematological, biochemical, and histological changes in CFA-induced rats. MEGO (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed a significant alleviation in the levels of hyper expressed inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GSH, and LPO) in CFA-induced rats. Spergulagenin-A as identified by LC-MS analysis, exhibited the highest binding affinity against COX-2 (−8.6), IL-1β (7.2 kcal/mol), IL-6 (−7.4 kcal/mol), and TNF-α (−6.5 kcal/mol). ConclusionsProvided with the comprehensive investigation, methanolic extract of G. oppositifolius against arthritic-like condition is a proof of concept that revalidates its ethnic claim. The presence of Spergulagenin-A might be responsible for the anti-arthritic activity.

Hematological changes, oxidative stress assessment, and dysregulation of aquaporin-3 channel, prolactin, and oxytocin receptors in kidneys of lactating Wistar rats treated with monosodium glutamate.

High consumption of locally produced delicacies could expose nursing mothers to high monosodium glutamate (MSG) levels, frequently used as a necessary condiment in low-income countries. Thus, this study evaluated some novel preliminary changes in renal hormonal receptors, the aquaporin-3 channel, oxidative stress markers, and hematological indices induced by monosodium glutamate in lactating rats. Post-parturition, twenty-four (24) lactating Wistar rats were divided into four (4) groups of six rats each (n = 6). Oral administration of distilled water and MSG started three (3) days postpartum as follows: group 1: distilled water (1ml/kg BW), group 2: MSG (925mg/kg BW), group 3: MSG (1850mg/kg BW), and group 4: MSG (3700mg/kg BW). At the end of the experiment, which lasted fourteen (14) days, animals were sacrificed and samples of blood and tissues were obtained for biochemical analysis. MSG administration significantly (p < 0.05) increased ROS and MDA, with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in kidney antioxidants. Serum creatinine, total, conjugated, and unconjugated bilirubin significantly (p < 0.05) increased with MSG administration. The prolactin receptor was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while the oxytocin receptor and aquaporin-3 channel were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the MSG-administered groups. There were significant (p < 0.05) changes in the hematological indices of the MSG-administered animals. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that high MSG consumption causes hematological alterations and may alter renal function via increased ROS production and dysregulation of the AQP-3 channel, prolactin, and oxytocin receptors in the kidneys of lactating Wistar rats.