Hematological Assessment Research Articles

Correlation of socioeconomic, nutritional, and hematological status in early childhood caries among pre-schoolers-a case-control study

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a widespread dental disease influenced by diet, nutritional status, and socioeconomic factors. Prevalence varies globally, with high rates in East Asia and India. There is limited research existing regarding ECC's link to nutritional assessments (e.g., BMI, biochemical indicators) and low iron levels and anemia. Psychosocial evaluations, such as socioeconomic status (SES), remain underutilized. This study compares these relationships among preschoolers in the Raichur district. Methods: The study involved 296 preschool children (2-5 years) equally divided into those with and without ECC. A trained pedodontist conducted clinical oral exams using Gruebbel’s deft index, with a deft score ≥1 indicating ECC. Nutritional status was assessed via BMI measurements, while socioeconomic status was evaluated using Kuppuswamy’s 2023 SES Scale. Hematological assessment involved measuring hemoglobin levels using a digital meter after finger-prick blood collection. Standardized tools ensured accuracy in all assessments for comprehensive data collection. Results: This study indicated that comparing BMI, SES, and hemoglobin levels between caries-free and ECC-affected children revealed significant differences. Children at risk of being overweight had higher ECC prevalence, while normal-weight children were mostly caries-free (p=0.001). Lower SES was strongly associated with ECC, with 75.7% of ECC cases in the lower class, while upper-class children were largely caries-free. Hemoglobin analysis showed ECC linked to lower hemoglobin levels (7-9 g/dl), whereas caries-free children had higher levels (12 g/dl). Conclusions: The current study found that ECC is significantly linked to lower socioeconomic status, poor nutrition, and reduced hemoglobin levels among Raichur preschool children.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Hemostatic Efficacy, Blood Coagulation Dynamics, and DNA Damage of Linen–Copper Composite Materials

This research examined the biochemical and microbiological characteristics of linen–copper (LI-Cu) composite materials, which were synthesized using magnetronsputtering techniques. The LI-Cu composites underwent comprehensive physicochemical and biological analyses. Physicochemical evaluations included elemental analysis (C, O, Cu), microscopic examination, and assessments of surface properties such as specific surface area and total pore volume. Biological evaluations encompassed microbiological tests and biochemical–hematological assessments, including the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). We determined the effect of LI-Cu materials on the viability and DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells. Moreover, we studied the interactions of LI-Cu materials with plasmid DNA using a plasmid relaxation assay. The antimicrobial activity of LI-Cu composites was assessed using methodologies consistent with the EN ISO 20645:2006 and EN 14119:2005 standards. Specimens of the tested material were placed on inoculated agar plates containing representative microorganisms, and the extent of growth inhibition zones was measured. The results demonstrated that the modified materials exhibited antimicrobial activity against representative strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. The results showed the cyto- and genotoxic properties of LI-Cu against PBM cells in a time- and power-dependent manner. Furthermore, the LI-Cu composite exhibited the potential for direct interaction with plasmid DNA.

Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Evaluation of the Therapeutic Response to Vitamin B12 Supplementation.

Background Vitamin B12 deficiency, or cobalamin deficiency, is common among populations with low consumption of animal-based products, mainly in India, due to religious and socioeconomic factors, which significantly increase the deficiency rate. The condition has been characterized by a wide range of clinical and hematological symptoms, mainly affecting the blood and nervous system. This study aims to assess the clinical and hematological characteristics of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and assess the therapeutic response to supplementation with vitamin B12. Methodology This two-year, in-hospital study was conducted at K. J. Somaiya Medical College and Hospital. The study involved 180 patients aged between 18 and 70 years with hemoglobin below 13 g/dL for males, less than 12 g/dL for females, and serum vitamin B12 levels below 250 pg/mL. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, along with hematological parameters, including complete blood count, peripheral smear, reticulocyte count, and bone marrow examination, were collected. Each patient received six intramuscular injections per week of 1,000 µg of vitamin B12. The hematological parameters were measured at different follow-up intervals, and the therapeutic response was measured using the one-way analysis of variance. We employed Pearson's correlation coefficient to investigate the relationship between the severity of anemia and vitamin B12 level. Results The study showed a higher prevalence of male patients, accounting for 105 (58.3%) of the sample, with the majority of patients aged between 46 and 60 years, totaling 70 (38.9%). Common comorbidities included hypertension in 60 (33.3%) and diabetes in 45 (25%) patients. The most frequently reported symptom was fatigue, present in 120 (66.7%) patients, followed by neurological symptoms such as tingling and numbness in the extremities reported by 98 (54.4%) patients. Baseline hematological assessments indicated macrocytic anemia, with a mean hemoglobin level of 9.7 g/dL and an elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 104.7 fL. At the end of six weeks of vitamin B12 therapy, there were notable improvements, with hemoglobin levels rising to 12.6 g/dL, MCV decreasing to 91.3 fL, and reticulocyte count increasing to 2.1%. A strong positive correlation was observed between hemoglobin levels and serum vitamin B12 concentrations (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Conclusions Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to clinical and hematological abnormalities, including macrocytic anemia and neurological symptoms. This study demonstrates that vitamin B12 supplementation effectively reverses these abnormalities, improving both hematological and neurological outcomes. Given the prevalence of deficiency, routine screening and supplementation are recommended, particularly for at-risk populations such as vegetarians and older adults. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects of supplementation, particularly its potential role in reducing cardiovascular risk in individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency.

The Pattern of Hematological Abnormalities in NS1 Positive Dengue Patients: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Dengue fever, caused by a mosquito-borne arbovirus, is characterized by painful febrile symptoms. Hematological abnormalities are frequently observed, especially in patients testing positive for NS1 antigen. NS1 antigen, a protein generated by the dengue virus during acute infection, is detectable in the blood of infected individuals. This study aimed to assess the pattern of hematological abnormalities in NS1-positive dengue patients. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Comilla Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 137 dengue patients who tested positive for NS1 were included as study subjects, selected through purposive sampling. Data processing and analysis were conducted using Office tools. Results: In this study, among our total participants, the mean ±SD hemoglobin was 13.2±1.8 g/dl, hematocrit was 39.4±5.4%, leucocyte count was 7.7±5.8 x109/L, neutrophil count was 5.5±1.3 x109/L, and lymphocyte count was 3.7±1.2 x109/L, all of which were within normal ranges. However, the mean ±SD platelet level was found to be 98.1±58.1 x109/L, which was abnormally lower. Conclusion: Among NS1-positive dengue patients, hematological assessment reveals normal levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, leucocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Although the mean hematocrit value is typically normal, a significant number of cases show values either higher or lower than the normal range. However, platelet levels are notably lower. J Com Med Col Teachers Asso July 2024; 28(2): 82-86

Assessment of factors affecting anterior chamber depth from data obtained from health checkup participants in Japan

Measurement of anterior chamber depth (ACD), an important marker for the screening of primary angle-closure glaucoma, requires biometry, which is not readily used. This study assessed the relationship between ACD and health check-up data findings from participants with good corrected visual acuity in Japan. Participants underwent ophthalmic, anthropometric, and hematological assessments. The mean ACD of all 3060 participants was 3.33 ± 0.34 mm [2.22–4.72 mm]. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to determine factors that were significantly correlated with ACD, and logistic regression analysis was performed to predict ACD < 2.70 mm. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that age, sex, intraocular pressure, spherical equivalent refractive error (SER), height, and fasting blood sugar levels significantly correlated with ACD (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, and SER were the best predictors of ACD < 2.70 mm. The area under receiving operator characteristic curves of ‘age and SER’ and ‘age, SER, and sex’ were 0.821 and 0.835, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.122). In conclusion, ACD correlates with several parameters, and age and SER may be particularly important for predicting ACD in participants undergoing health checkups.

Role of Nicotinamide in the Pathogenesis of Actinic Keratosis: Implications for NAD+/SIRT1 Pathway.

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precursor to invasive squamous cell carcinoma, making early diagnosis and treatment essential to prevent progression. Among available therapeutic options, nicotinamide (NAM) has shown potential in reducing AK progression. NAM is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which activates sirtuin (SIRT)1, a protein with anti-cancer properties. Although the role of SIRT1 in AK is still debated, no data currently exist on the systemic modulation of this protein in AK. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether NAM, by increasing serum NAD+ levels, may promote SIRT1 activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in AK patients. Thirty patients were enrolled and treated with NAM for 24 months. Hematological, biochemical, and skin condition assessments were conducted, alongside the measurement of SIRT1 and NAD+ levels. A decrease in basophils, monocytes, total cholesterol, and blood glucose levels was observed in the study group, along with a reduction in AK lesions. Notably, NAM treatment significantly enhanced serum NAD+ levels, and nuclear SIRT1 activity in PBMCs. In conclusion, NAM administration significantly reduced AK progression in a NAD+/SIRT1-dependent manner, supporting its role as a chemopreventive agent in AK management.

Chronic metabolic effects of novel gut-oriented small-molecule GPR119 agonists in diet-induced obese mice

The pharmacological activation of G-protein coupled receptor-119 (GPR119) modulates glucose, energy, and hepatic lipid homeostasis in type-2 diabetes (T2D). We developed synthetic small-molecule GPR119 agonists targeting gastrointestinal receptors. This study investigates the chronic metabolic effects of lead candidates, ps297 and ps318, individually and in combination with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) mice. In a 10-week dose-escalation protocol, DIO mice were orally treated with the investigational agents alone (10–90 mg/kg/day) and in combination with sitagliptin (20 mg/kg/day). Weekly body weight, food intake, and random blood glucose levels were monitored during the treatment phase. Post-treatment, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT), estimation of plasma biomarkers and haematological assessment were conducted. The treatment’s effect on hepatic steatosis was studied by estimating liver biomarkers and histological examinations. Ten-week sitagliptin combination therapy with the investigational entities restored incretins, insulin, and other metabolic hormonal secretions, accompanied by improved glucose homeostasis and retarded weight gain. Interestingly, monotherapy with investigational agents improved liver health by reducing liver weight, liver enzymes, and inflammation. Hepatic effects were further enhanced by co-administration of sitagliptin, evident by amelioration in hepatic steatosis endpoints such as liver weight, plasma liver enzyme concentrations, hepatic triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHO), hydroxyproline content, and cytokine levels. Histopathological investigations confirmed regression in hepatic steatosis in the combination groups. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of novel gut-oriented GPR119 agonists in combination with a DPP-IV inhibitor to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), warranting further mechanistic investigations.

Olanzapine-induced Pancytopenia: Case Report

ABSTRACT In the field of antipsychotic medicines, clozapine and olanzapine are both structurally and functionally similar. This case study describes a 35-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia who experienced a rare case of olanzapine-induced pancytopenia. The patient required blood transfusions due to severe pancytopenia while receiving olanzapine treatment. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to acknowledge pancytopenia caused by olanzapine as a rare but significant medication-induced risk. It is recommended that clinicians exercise caution, perform routine hematologic assessments, and participate in ongoing investigations into this rare adverse event. However, sporadic reports of olanzapine-induced pancytopenia in schizophrenia patients have surfaced. This hematologic effect’s precise mechanism is still unknown.

Brief Overview on Pathology of Blood and Urine

Clinical pathology is recognized as an essential component of the preclinical safety evaluation of test articles (new chemical entities, exploratory novel medicines, and xenobiotics), particularly in short- and medium-term toxicity studies. Traditionally, this evaluation includes clinical chemistry, coagulation, hematology, and urinalysis assessments. The findings of these assessments include details on the general state of health of the animals as well as target organs and general metabolic, adaptive, or harmful processes linked to test material exposure. Consequently, in the preclinical safety assessment of a test article, clinical pathology evaluations aid in the establishment of toxicological dose-response correlations. These findings hold significance and relevance for dose selection in long-term research, as well as for risk assessment and management when applied to humans. Guidance on the fundamentals of clinical pathology testing and interpretation in the species utilized in toxicological investigations is the aim of this chapter. In order to increase testing capacity and enhance its ability to identify more sensitive, early signals of drug-induced target organ toxicity or pathophysiology, the application of clinical pathology testing in preclinical safety assessment as well as the areas of development for novel biomarker implementation within the laboratory are discussed. Lastly, the significance of interpreting clinical pathology and combining the results with data from other studies is emphasized when assessing overall safety or risk assessment

Haematological Assessment of Tender Coconut Water as a Natural Erythropoietic Agent in Wistar Rats

Haematological Assessment of Tender Coconut Water as a Natural Erythropoietic Agent in Wistar Rats

Preclinical Safety Assessment of Deferoxamine-preconditioned Canine Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

In the pursuit of translating stem cell therapy technology into clinical practice, ensuring the safety and efficacy of treatments is paramount. Despite advancements, the effectiveness of stem cell applications often falls short of clinical requirements. This study aimed to address the challenge of limited efficacy by investigating the safety and effectiveness of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cATMSCs) preconditioned with deferoxamine (DFO). Different concentrations of DFO were used to evaluate its impact on cATMSC activity. The therapeutic potential of these preconditioned cells was validated using a mouse model of systemic inflammation. Comprehensive evaluations, including clinical hematological and radiological assessments before and after intravenous injection of preconditioned cells were conducted. The study showed a notable reduction in inflammatory markers and an overall decrease in the inflammatory response in the mouse model. The data collected from the clinical hematological and radiological assessments provided essential insights. This study lays the groundwork for the future clinical deployment of DFO-preconditioned cATMSCs, demonstrating their potential to improve the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapies.

Tetrahydropyrimidine Ionizable Lipids for Efficient mRNA Delivery.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as an effective and promising technology for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery, offering a potential solution to physiological barriers and providing an alternative approach to gene therapy without the drawbacks associated with viral delivery. However, efficiently delivering mRNA remains a significant challenge in nucleic acid-based therapies due to the limitations of current LNP platforms in achieving optimal endosomal escape and mRNA release, which largely relies on finding a suitable ionizable lipid. Additionally, the synthesis of these ionizable lipids involves multiple chemical reactions, often making the process time-consuming and difficult to translate. In this study, we employed a facile, catalyst-free, and versatile one-pot multicomponent reaction (MCR) to develop a library of ionizable lipids featuring a pharmacologically significant tetrahydropyrimidine (THP) backbone, tailored for enhanced mRNA delivery. A library of 26 THP ionizable lipids was systematically synthesized in just 3 h and formulated with luciferase mRNA for initial in vitro screening. The THP LNPs exhibited tunable particle sizes, favorable ζ-potentials, and high encapsulation efficiencies. Among them, THP1 demonstrated the highest transfection efficiency both in vitro and in vivo after intramuscular administration, comparable to DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3), a conventional benchmark. Further optimization of THP1 with phospholipids significantly enhanced intramuscular mRNA delivery and showed sustained protein expression in vivo for up to 5 days. More importantly, it demonstrated successful intravenous delivery in a dose-dependent manner with minimal toxicity, as indicated by hematological, histopathological, and proinflammatory cytokine assessments. Furthermore, THP1 LNPs also demonstrated the ability to edit genes in specific liver tissues in a tdTomato transgenic mouse model, highlighting their precision and utility in targeted therapeutic applications. These findings position THP1 LNPs as promising candidates for advancing mRNA-based therapies, with significant implications for clinical translation in vaccine delivery and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in the liver.

Hematologic Parameters Cut-off Assessment of Adult Alpha-Thalassemia Patients in Iran.

Background: Thalassemia is one of the most common blood disorders in Iran. Alpha-thalassemia is caused by the deletion of the alpha-globin gene. The frequency of deletions in the alpha-globin gene is associated with microcytosis and hypochromia, making hematological parameters valuable predictive tools in the initial identification of alpha-thalassemia patients. This study aimed to compare hematologic parameters such as Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), red blood cell (RBC) count, and hemoglobin (HGB) levels in silent and minor patients, whose genotypes were genetically characterized, with normal patients to establish cut-off points for these groups. Materials and Methods: The study involved a total of 860 patients with alpha-thalassemia, including 267 cases of silent, 261 cases of minor, and 332 cases of normal alpha-thalassemia. Results: Analysis of blood indices based on sex revealed that the male group had higher values than the female group. Assessment of alpha-thalassemia in minor patients showed that the Cis form (-/αα) had higher microcytosis than the Trans form (-α/-α) in this group. This difference was also observed between α-3.7α/ α-3.7α and (αα)-MED/αα as two different genetic forms in minor patients, with (αα)-MED/αα being in the Cis form. Data indicated that the cut-off value was insignificant in silent patients compared to the normal group. However, minor patients with MCH≤23.7 and MCV≤74.9 had an AUC greater than 0.9 (p-value< 0.01), distinguishing them from the normal group. Conclusion: Comparing hematological parameters in these groups illustrated that MCV and MCH are the best predictor parameters for distinguishing between groups.

Evaluation of Vitro Score (Von Willebrand Factor Antigen/Thrombocyte Ratio) as a New Marker for Presence of Esophageal Varices due to Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension (CSPH) in Liver Cirrhosis

Abstract Background Bleeding due to esophageal varices is one of the causes of high mortality in cirrhotic patients. Esophageal varices occurs with the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension that is more than 10 mmHg. The most diagnostic method for clinically significant portal hypertension is the measurement of HVPG and the most diagnostic to detect esophageal varices is UGIE, both of which are invasive procedures and costly. Aim of the Work to evaluqate the vitro score as a non-invasive marker for presence of esophageal varices in clinically significant portal hypertension. Patients and Methods The study was carried out on 60 Egyptian patients. These were divided into two groups (varices and no varices) based on the findings of UGIE. For all participant in this study, full clinical assessment by history and physical examination was done in addition to laboratory hematological and biochemical assessment and detection of varices was done by UGIE, We also assessed serum vWF antigen in all study participant. Results In this study, we found the VITRO score was higher in patients with esophageal varices. We found that the VITRO score ranged from 0.78 to 1.92 in patients with varices with median (IQR) 1.22(1.03-1.32); and from 0.08 to 0.82 in patients with no cirrhosis with median(IQR) 0.23 (0.15-0.4), being statistically significant higher in patients with varices with p-value= 0. There was no significant correlation between VITRO score and (age, WBCs, HB, BUN, Creat, Na, K, Total and direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, AFP and MELD score). The results showed sensitivity 93.75% and specificity 100% for VITRO score as a marker for detection of esophageal varices, with cut-off point &amp;gt; 0.82 Conclusion VITRO score is a promising non-invasive marker for detection of esophageal varices.

Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Prosopis juliflora in Fructose Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats

Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic seed extract of Prosopis juliflora in fructose induced hyperglycemia in wistar albino rats in comparison with Metformin. Materials and methods: 30 male wistar albino rats were divided equally into 5 groups. Group I and II were the normal and the disease control groups. While, groups III to V were the treatment groups. Animals in group I received regular drinking water; whereas, groups II to V received 20% fructose water for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, animals in groups II to V had elevated fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR, weight gain and dyslipidemia. From week 9 to 16 group I animals continued to receive regular drinking water, group II received 2ml of distilled water and groups III, IV and V received Metformin 200mg/kg, P.juliflora extract 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg respectively in addition to 20% fructose water. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 16 weeks and histopathological examination of pancreas was done. Biochemical and hematological assessments were done at baseline and at 16 weeks to assess safety of the interventions. Results: When compared to the disease control group, animals in group III treated with metformin and groups IV and V treated with P.juliflora extract at doses of 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg showed a significant decrease in Fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR and improvement in lipid profile. Even though both the doses of the extract showed significant pharmacological activity, 600mg/kg showed better activity equivalent to metformin. Histopathological examination of pancreas showed regenerative changes in the metformin and P.juliflora 600mg/kg treated groups. No significant abnormality was observed in the biochemical and haematological parameters at the end of the study. Conclusion: P.juliflora seed extract in the dose 400 mg/kg and 600mg/kg exhibited antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity with no significant adverse events, in this study. Both the doses were having anti dyslipidemic effect similar to metformin whereas 600 mg/kg dose of P.juliflora was having better antidiabetic effect comparable to Metformin. Keywords: Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, P.juliflora, Fructose, Metformin, Metabolic syndrome

CLINICAL SAFETY OF SULFAMETHOXAZOLE-TRIMETHOPRIM TREATMENT IN NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

The safety and tolerability of pharmaceuticals, due to the complexity of assessing adverse effects, require the conduction of multiple studies. This necessitates extensive research and clinical trials to confirm the safety and efficacy of medications. This study evaluated the clinical safety of oral Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) treatment in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through hematological and biochemical assessments. A total of 63 animals (±100g) were reared in 9 tanks (n=7). Following acclimation, the treatments administered were: T0 (control, not treated with SMZ-TMP); T1 and T2 (treated with 30-6 and 120-24 mg of SMZ-TMP/kg b.w., respectively). Seven animals per treatment were sampled at 4, 8, and 12 days post-treatment, with an additional recovery period where animals were fed only commercial feed until day 16 for clinical recovery evaluation. Blood samples were collected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis, as well as somatic organ analysis. The results showed that SMZ-TMP, especially at high doses, caused hematological changes such as increased erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin levels, as well as microcytosis. Treatment with SMZ-TMP/kg modulated the response of fish white blood cells by altering circulating leukocyte levels associated with lymphocyte counts. In addition, it resulted in disorders with reductions in protein and creatinine levels, associated with anorexia and mortality in fish treated with 120-24 mg of SMZ-TMP/kg of bw, demonstrating the toxic effect of overdose treatment. However, further studies should be conducted to determine the clinical safety of different therapeutic protocols involving the use of SMZ-TMP in tilapia.

Exploring frailty in apparently healthy senior dogs: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAs dogs age, they face various health challenges, and preventive care may be overlooked, impacting their quality of life. Frailty, a concept established in human medicine, has recently been applied to dogs using validated tools like the frailty index and frailty phenotype. This study aims to characterize frailty in senior pet dogs and investigate associated factors. To achieve this goal, 88 apparently healthy dogs, as reported by their owners, voluntarily participated in thorough consultations. These consultations included supplementary examinations such as urinary analyses, hematological assessments, and blood biochemistry. Additionally, owners completed questionnaires addressing their dog's overall health, cognitive and locomotor status, as well as their own attachment to the dog and personality traits. Subsequently, each dog was classified as robust or frail based on the presence of multiple criteria out of a set of five. All collected data underwent preliminary screening by a multiple factorial analysis, followed by binomial logistic regression to model frailty.ResultsThe final population consisted of 74 dogs, with a frailty prevalence of 41.9% (95% CI: 30.5 – 53.9). In the statistical analysis, older age of the dog, lower owner attachment score, lack of regular deworming, and a disparity in extraversion between owner and dog were identified as contributing factors to frailty.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes the importance of regular deworming and strong owner-pet attachment in reducing frailty in dogs. It underscores the significance of proactive pet care and highlights the complex relationship between owner-dog personalities and canine frailty. This research advocates for a holistic approach that considers both human and canine traits to promote better health outcomes.

Standardized bone marrow assessment, risk variables, and survival in dogs with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are heterogeneous neoplasms of hematopoietic stem cells that are challenging to diagnose, differentiate, and prognosticate. Cytogenetic and mutational analyses are useful in humans but unavailable for dogs, where diagnosis and classification still rely largely on hematologic and morphologic assessment. The objectives of this study were to apply a classification scheme to myeloid neoplasms and to assess outcome in relation to predictor variables. Keyword search of a laboratory database, application of sequential exclusion criteria, and consensus from 3 reviewers yielded 70 cases of myeloid neoplasia with hematology results, and cytologic (11), histologic (14), or both (45) types of marrow specimens. Based on blast percentage and morphology, 42 cases were classified as MDS and 28 as AML. Dogs with MDS had significantly lower body weights, hemoglobin concentrations and blood blasts, and higher red blood cell size variability and platelet numbers than dogs with AML. Estimates of median survival using Kaplan-Meier curves for dogs with MDS and AML were 384 and 6 days, respectively (P < .001). The instantaneous risk of death for dogs with MDS was approximately 5× lower than that of dogs with AML. Significant predictor variables of survival were body weight, white blood cell count, platelet count, and percent blood blasts (P < .05). Hazard ratios (HRs) derived from best-fitting Cox regression models were 1.043, 0.998, and 1.061 for increased neutrophils, decreased platelets, and increased blood blasts, respectively. Findings from this study suggest that hematologic and morphologic variables are useful to predict outcomes in myeloid neoplasia.

REPLACEMENT VALUE OF ENZYME FORTIFIED FEATHER MEAL ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF LAYER CHICKENS

The study was conducted to investigate the replacement value of enzyme fortified feather meal on haematological and serum biochemical indices of layer chickens. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) Isa brown layers were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to five treatment groups in a completely randomized design, which was further replicated three times. Experimental diets 1,2,3,4,5, were formulated such that diet 1 contained 0% enzyme fortified feather meal, 2,3,4,5 contained 1, 2, 3 and 4% levels of enzyme fortified feather meal respectively. Blood samples were collected from the birds, one sample from each replicate making a total of nine samples per treatment for haematological and biochemical assessment. Results obtained showed significant difference (P&lt;0.05) on all haematological indices and for serum biochemical indices except for albumin, globulin, creatinine, K, bicarbonate and chloride ions which recorded non-significant difference. The study suggested that enzyme fortified feather meal could be used in layer’s diet up to 4% without any adverse effect.

Evaluation of Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Analysis of Root Powder of &lt;i&gt;Pygmaeopremna herbacea&lt;/i&gt; (Roxb.) Moldenke

Background: Root powder of Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) In traditional medicine, Moldenke, the Verbenaceae family, is widely used for managing respiratory-related disorders like bronchial asthma and pneumonia. Aim: This study aimed to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of the root powder of P. herbacea. The drug powder was prepared according to the standard traditional classical textbook. Methods: Sub-acute and acute toxicity were evaluated using WHO standards in Wistar albino rats and Swiss albino mice, respectively. The animals were administered 2000 mg/kg of the test drug in the acute toxicity trial, and for up to 14 days, any toxic symptoms and death were monitored. The test drug was administered to the animals for up to 28 days at dosages of 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg/BW/p.o./day in a sub-acute toxicity trial, and their morbidity and mortality were evaluated. The study was concluded with the sacrifice of all experimental animals and the completion of the evaluation of all hematological, biochemical, and histopathological assessments. Results: The acute toxicity investigation revealed no potentially dangerous signs of mortality. Animals in the sub-acute toxicity study did not show noteworthy variations in body weight alterations, water and food consumption, or haematological, biochemical, or histopathological features among the experiment and the control groups. Conclusion: According to this study, experimental animals receiving a long-term oral dosage of 200 mg/kg/BW of root powder of P. herbacea did not experience any harmful adverse reactions, stating that the human utilisation of the test drug is safe.