Hematology Analyzer Research Articles

Assessment of Glyphosate Roundup Turbo (450 g/l) on Haemato-biochemical Indices of Freshwater African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings

The escalating use of glyphosate-based herbicides in agricultural practices has sparked concerns regarding their potential ecological impact. This study undertakes a comprehensive investigation into the acute ecotoxicological effects of a brand-new glyphosate (Roundup Turbo 450 g/l) on haematology and biochemical indices of Clarias gariepinus a commercially vital fish species in Nigeria. Fish were exposed to 0.0 as control, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.2 mg/l glyphosate for 96 hours in the laboratory. Water quality parameters monitored were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen electrical conductivity, nitrate and nitrite. The blood, liver and gills were extracted and analyzed. Haematological and biochemical analyses revealed significant changes (P < 0.05) as concentration increases. The decrease in red blood cell, pack cell volume, haemaglobin and white blood cell was indicative of glyphosate-induced hematotoxicity. Biochemical analyses disclosed alterations in enzymatic activities within liver and gill tissues, including significant increase in alanine aminotransaminases, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, suggesting hepatic and branchial dysfunction and decrease in total protein, globulin and albumin, showing enhanced disruption in protein synthesis. Glucose and albumin in liver were not detected. Behavioral observations indicated the fish heightened stress response, characterized by erratic swimming patterns, increased agitation, equilibrium loss, hyperactivity and skin erosion. The 96-hour LC50 value for this study was 2.50 mg/l and it highlights glyphosate roundup turbo’s potential to exert detrimental effects on Clarias gariepinus populations. These findings underscore the imperative for sustainable agricultural practices, judicious pesticide management, and rigorous environmental monitoring to mitigate the ecological risks associated with glyphosate use.

Study on Hematological and Biochemical Index of Blood and Vitreous Humor in the Celestial-Eye Goldfish

In this study, we conducted an exploration of blood collection, hematological and biochemical comparative analysis of the unique vitreous humor and blood of the celestial-eye goldfish (CE) (Carassius auratus), and obtained hematological and biochemical indicators for healthy celestial goldfish blood. After exploring the optimal method for collecting blood and ocular fluid, blood and vitreous humor samples were drawn from healthy CE, and an automatic hematology analyzer was used to measure 17 physiological indicators in the blood and vitreous humor. Additionally, 20 biochemical indices were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Experiments were also conductedto evaluate the effect of blood and vitreous humor collection on the subsequent survival rate of the CE. The results showed that the blood of CE exhibited values for 17 hematological indicators, including red blood cells (mean value: 2.19 × 1012/L), white blood cells (mean value: 62.21 × 109/L), hemoglobin (mean value:138.25 g/L), and no eosinophils or basophils. We also found that the levels of aspartate amino transferase (AST) and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in the vitreous humor of CE were significantly higher than those in the serum (p < 0.01). No cells were detected in the vitreous humor of CE, and there was no significant difference in survival rate compared to normal goldfish after extracting blood and vitreous humor from CE (p > 0.05). This study provides fundamental data for the cultivation of healthy goldfish, the development of goldfish hematology, and further research on the development and formation of CE’s unique eye traits.

The relationship between gallstone disease and the genetic variants of the sterol transporter adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette G8 and G5 in Egyptians

BackgroundGallstones are abnormal lumps in the gallbladder or biliary tract due impaired cholesterol, bilirubin, or bile salt metabolism. The Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter genes G5 and G8 (ABCG5, ABCG8) are two half transporters which work together as a heterodimer to regulate cholesterol levels in bile, and any alterations in their function can contribute to gallstone formation. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between three specific polymorphisms—ABCG5 i7892T > C, ABCG5 Q604E, and ABCG8 D19H—and the risk of gallstone disease (GSD) in Egyptian females. These polymorphisms result from nucleotide substitutions in the gene sequences, which affect the transporter’s ability to efficiently regulate cholesterol secretion into the bile. This alteration can lead to cholesterol supersaturation in the bile, a key factor in the development of cholesterol gallstones. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the impact of these genetic variations on serum lipid profile to understand their role in modulating biochemical markers associated with GSD. Furthermore, the study sought to investigate haplotype patterns and explore their combined effects on disease susceptibility, providing deeper insight into the genetic factors that contribute to the development of GSD.MethodsThe study included 100 female patients diagnosed with gallstones and 100 healthy controls. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using allelic discrimination pre-designed TaqMan polymerase chain reaction method. Various laboratory investigations were measured using enzymatic colorimetric methods, and hematology analyzer was used for the whole blood count test.ResultsBetween patients with gallstone disease and healthy controls, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of these genes polymorphisms. Q604E CC genotype (OR = 15.2; P = 0.004) and C allele (OR = 2; P = 0.007) in ABCG5 (rs6720173) as well as D19H GC genotype (OR = 2.9; P = 0.002) and C allele (OR = 2; P = 0.004) in ABCG8 (rs11887534) were significantly more frequent in gallstone patients. The CCC haplotype is a statistically significant predictor of GSD.ConclusionsThis study suggests that ABCG8 D19H (G/C) and ABCG5 Q604E (C/C) genotypes may play a significant role in GSD susceptibility among Egyptian females.Graphical abstract

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and anemia in Hirakud Command Area, Odisha, India: unveiling the role of environmental toxicants.

The present community-basedstudy assessed the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)/chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (CKDu) as well as anemia in some intense agricultural zones under Hirakud Command Area and evaluated their association with pesticides and heavy metal exposure. Random cluster sampling method was used to assess the prevalence of CKD and anemia. Hematological analysis was carried out using autoanalyzer. Pesticide residues in soil, water, rice grains, blood and urine samples were analyzed using LCMSMS and GCMS, while heavy metal levelswere assessed using ICP-MS. Risks associated with exposure to pesticides and to heavy metals through dietary and non-dietary sources were assessed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method. CKDu was predominant among the farming community in "blocks" i.e.administrative unitsin rural governance, functioning as subdivisions of districts in India with intense agricultural activities. Blocks reporting higher prevalence of CKDu showed greater concentrations of nephrotoxic pesticide residues in the soil, water and rice grain. Heavy metals in water, such as cadmium, chromium, lead and arsenic, were found to be above permissible limits in all the hotspot blocks. Dietary exposure to pesticide residues was presumed tocontribute significantly to non-carcinogenic risk among the exposed population. Analysis of blood and urine samples collected from patients withCKD/CKDu indicated the presence of nephrotoxic pesticide residues and heavy metals among the directly exposed group. Anemia was found to be prevalent among CKDu patients. The present study indicated a strong association between environmental toxicants, like pesticides and heavy metals, and the onset and progression of CKD, as well as anemia in a high intensity agricultural zone. Dietary exposure to pesticides and heavy metals maypose high risks for kidney diseases.

Correlation of red blood cell parameters and platelet count among adult anemic patients attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Goba, Southeast Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Anemia is a worldwide public health problem and is associated with platelet disorders. The relationship between anemia and platelets is complex, with the association being either normal platelet count or thrombocytosis. Platelets are significantly decreased in patients with anemia, and thrombocytopenia has been documented in patients with severe anemia. There are few reports in the literature on the correlation between platelet count and red blood cell parameters in anemic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the correlation between red blood cell parameters and platelet count in adult anemic patients attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital (MWUGRH): Goba, Southeast Ethiopia, from May 30 to July 30, 2022. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 352 subjects (176 anemic and 176 controls) who attended the hospital during the study period and were recruited using a convenient sampling technique. Sociodemographic and other relevant variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Four milliliters of venous blood were collected and placed in a K2EDTA tube for analysis of hematologic parameters using the Sysmex XN-550 (Sysmex Corp., Japan) automated hematology analyzer; the hemoglobin value was used to determine anemia status. Data were entered into Epidata Manager, version 4.6.0.2, and analyzed using SPSS Statistical Software, version 25. The independent-sample t-test was used to compare parameters between groups, and correlation statistics was used to correlate parameters between groups. Chi-square was used at a 95% confidence interval, considering P < .05 statistically significant for association among categorical variables. Correlation analysis showed that platelet count was significantly, positively correlated with RBC, and negatively correlated with MCV, MCH, and MCHC (r (P) = 0.168 (.026) and -0.252 (.000), -0.275 (.001), -0.218 (.004), respectively). It was also negatively correlated with HGB and HCT levels in the healthy control (r (P) = -0.266 (.000) and -0.149 (.049) respectively). Morphologically, 44.32% were microcytic hypochromic anemia, 53.98% were normocytic normochromic anemia and 1.70% were macrocytic anemia. The findings showed that platelet count variation correlates well with red cell indices and morphologic types of anemia in adult anemic patients. Such correlation will enable physicians to make diagnoses and administer treatments.

Epidemiology of malaria and hematological analysis in district Dir (lower), Pakistan

Background: Malaria is considered as a tropical disease, in developing countries. Among all parasitic infections malaria is most widespread and devastating disease. According to WHO malaria is endemic in 24 countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Medical Laboratory Technology University of Haripur. Total 995 samples were collected at District Head Quarter Hospital (DHQ), Tehsils Hospitals (THQs), and other private laboratories in District Dir (Lower). These samples were processed to observe the shape of RBCs as well as plasmodium species in the smear microscopically, and for hemoglobin estimation. Data was analyzed through SPSS version-21. Results: Highest percentage of malaria was recorded in Munda (35.17%) followed by Timergara (19.59%) whereas the lowest number of cases were found in Khall (5.02%). Prevalence of P. vivax was (98.0 %) and P. falciparum was (2 %) in district Dir Lower. Mean red blood cell count (RBCs) was 4.2±0.64 mm3 while mean Hb was 11.0±1.99g/dl. Based on different age categories, the highest RBCs and Hb levels were found in age group 41-50 years, whereas the lowest RBCs were found in age group 11-20 years while the lowest Hb levels were recorded in group 1-10 years. In associated diseases, the upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) were the most frequent (20%) followed by diarrhea (18%). Mean Hb of males was 11.8±1.53 g/dl while the mean Hb of female was 11.5±5.384 g/dl. Hb in both males and females were low as compared to the standard. However, as compared to females, Hb of males were significantly lower with p-value &lt;0.001. Conclusion: We concluded that males are more commonly infected from malaria as compared to females. Males and children were found to have low Hb as compared to females and higher age group patients. URTIs and diarrhea were the most common associated illness.

Biological silage from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) by-products on the productive performance, hematological parameters and egg quality of older commercial hens.

This study evaluated the effects of incorporating biological silage from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) by-products (BST) on the performance, hematological and plasma biochemical parameters, and egg quality (physical, proximate composition and sensory characteristics) of older commercial hens. The BST was prepared by ensiling tambaqui by-products with lactic acid bacteria, cassava trimmings, and preservatives, producing a nutrient-rich, high-protein feed ingredient. One hundred and twenty Hisex Brown hens (83weeks old) were divided into five treatment groups, each receiving diets with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4% BST. Performance metrics, egg quality parameters, and blood samples were collected over 63days. The results showed that diets with 1 to 2% BST improved egg weight, eggshell quality, and feed efficiency without adverse effects on hen health. However, higher BST inclusion levels led to declines in feed intake, egg production, and mineral content in eggs, possibly due to the sensory properties of the tambaqui-based diets. Hematological analysis indicated an increase in MCV and MCH values with higher BST levels, while triglycerides increased and cholesterol decreased, suggesting potential benefits for lipid metabolism at moderate inclusion levels. Sensory analysis of eggs showed greater acceptance in diets with 3% to 4% BST due to yolk color enhancement, although higher levels were not optimal for hen productivity. These findings support BST as a viable alternative feed in poultry diets, promoting waste utilization in a sustainable, circular economy model for the agribusiness sector.

The Diagnostic Value of Neutrophil and Monocyte Cell Population Data Obtained From a Hematology Analyzer in Neonatal Sepsis.

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of leukocyte cell population data (CPD) parameters obtained from an automated hematology analyzer to be able to use it in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Our study was a retrospective and cross-sectional analysis. The neonates were classified into 3 groups: culture-positive sepsis (n = 20), clinical sepsis (n = 87), and control (n = 269). CPD parameters were determined during complete blood count (CBC) by volume-conductivity-scatter (VCS) technology with DxH 900 Coulter Cell Analyzer. Mean neutrophil volume (MNVNE), standard deviations of volumes of neutrophils (SDVNE), standard deviations of volumes of monocytes (SDVMO), and monocyte distribution width (MDW) were significantly increased in the culture-positive sepsis group compared with the clinical sepsis and control groups (P < .05). We have demonstrated the diagnostic utility of leukocyte CPD parameters, especially MNVNE, MDW, and their combination, for neonatal sepsis. These parameters are advantageous because they are obtained during routine CBC analysis without the need for additional blood collection and extra costs.

ADAR1 Gene Polymorphism and Hematological Analysis in Responders and Relapse Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is defined by the Break point cluster region and Abelson Genes (BCR-ABL) fusion gene, which produces a continuously active tyrosine kinase known as the primary driver responsible for initiating and sustaining the disease. The RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA 1 (ADAR1) converts adenosine into inosine in double-stranded RNA substrates. This enzymatic process is crucial in cellular RNA editing and can impact disease progression and therapeutic responses in CML. Objective: Analysis of ADAR1 gene polymorphisms, ADAR1 levels, and hematological parameters in Iraqi patients with CML. Materials and Methods: From January 2021 to February 2023, one hundred and twenty samples of whole blood were collected from patients with CML at the National Center of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University. The control group in this study comprised thirty samples of fresh whole blood. Total DNA genomic extraction was done to detect the ADAR1 gene polymorphism by sequencing. Furthermore, serum was used to detect ADAR1 enzyme level. Results: According to the age and male/female ratio, the patients’ groups were matching with control group. A group of CML patients on treatment, 65 out of 100 patients were on imatinib, while 35 were treated with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The patient groups in terms of age and gender ratio were matched with the control group. Among CML patients receiving treatment, 65 out of 100 were using imatinib, while 35 were treated with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In the newly diagnosed CML group, ADAR mutations were present in 35% of cases, and among treated CML patients, this proportion was 36%, whereas the control group showed no mutations (P &lt; 0.001). The distribution of DNA polymorphisms—A/G, G/T, and G/G—was 42%, 30%, and 28%, respectively, among patients with CML, compared to 34%, 20%, and 46%, respectively, in the control group. There are significant differences between different groups according to genotyping of ADAR1 (P &lt; 0.05). Based on ADAR1 mutation, there is a significant difference observed between the newly diagnosed CML group and the CML patients in the treatment group compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.001). Specifically, the differences between the new diagnosis CML group and the treatment group were not statistically significant (P = 0.326). Furthermore, both the new diagnosis CML group and the relapse group showed significant differences compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.001). The P value associated with the correlation between ADAR mutation and these groups is &lt;0.001, indicating a highly significant correlation. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that ADAR1 polymorphisms and ADAR1 enzyme levels in Iraqi patients with CML could potentially influence disease progression and deepen our understanding of its mechanisms. These factors may also contribute to disease development and affect how patients respond to treatment.

Sublethal Urea Exposure in Nile Tilapia: Morphological, Behavioural, and Histological Alteration.

The pace of research efforts has been extraordinarily accelerated across the globe to address the contamination issues caused by pesticides, and fertilizers, especially in the aquatic ecosystem. The sole aim of this study was to assess the effect of urea on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). For this purpose, the fish fingerlings were exposed to increasing concentrations of urea such as 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g/l for 72 hr. Survival analysis suggested a strong correlation between the increasing doses of urea and the mortality rate among tested fingerlings. This study reported remarkable morphological, and behavioural alternation such as increased operculum movement, bottom-dwelling, lethargy, secretion of mucus, reduction in food intake, and bleeding in the fin and around the mouth in the treated group. Haematological analysis revealed that a significant reduction in RBC count and Hb along with an increase in WBC number is associated with urea toxicity. Our study showed a significant rise in glucose concentration upon urea toxicity in Nile tilapia fingerlings for the first time, emphasizing the adverse effect of fertilizers on carbohydrate metabolism. Significant rises in the enzymatic activity such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) upon urea treatment emphasize the possibilities of liver damage, biliary obstruction, and abnormal glucose metabolism. Histological analysis of urea-treated fish compared to normal fish revealed that urea toxicity drastically altered the tissue architecture of fish's gills, eyes, intestine, and stomach. As the visual systems of mammals and fish resemble in more aspects, our findings may be useful in understanding the impact of pollutants on sensory organs concerning humans. We conclude that our findings highlight the importance of urea toxicity on Nile tilapia fingerlings and invite multidisciplinary research to uncover molecular mechanisms underlying urea toxicity.

Dietary supplementation with milk‐derived Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis relieves colitis‐linked reproductive disorders via gut‐testis axis

AbstractRapid urbanization, medication, and modern dietary patterns are the main challenges leading to impaired fertility, with a lack of effective therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that reproductive disorders may be closely associated with intestinal damage or occasionally worsen by the side effects of medications. Therefore, the development of dietary supplements as alternatives is crucial for intestinal‐linked reproductive health. Milk and dairy products are essential in dietary nutrition with great potential functional ingredients. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis NJ241 (NJ241), a promising probiotic isolated from naturally fermented bovine milk, remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of NJ241 on colitis and its associated reproductive disorders. The biomarker microbes and their correlated metabolites were further explored by 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics. Hematological analysis and histopathological examination were applied for conjoined identification. Results indicated that NJ241 effectively restored the expression levels of Claudin‐2 and MLCK1, reducing intestinal permeability. Multi‐omics results further revealed that NJ241 may effectively improve gut barrier integrity by increasing the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and its metabolite trans‐ferulic acid. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 in both serum and testicular tissue, mediated through the TLR4 signaling pathway. Consequently, the restoration of microbiota homeostasis and a systemic reduction in inflammation rescued testicular spermatogenesis, which was impaired by colitis. The current findings consistently elucidated the potential molecular mechanism by which NJ241 ameliorates colitis‐linked reproductive disorders through the gut‐testis axis. Additionally, NJ241 demonstrates promise as a probiotic supplement for the development of fortified dairy products and provides strong evidence for the potential reproductive health benefits of naturally fermented bovine milk.

Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in the Interior of Bahia: A Case Report

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell neoplasm caused by HTLV-1, most common in endemic regions such as Japan, the Caribbean, and Latin America. This report describes the fatal case of a male patient in the state of Bahia, Brazil. ATLL is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, diagnosed by HTLV-1 serology and hematologic analysis. Treatment includes combination chemotherapy and antiretrovirals, but the response is usually unsatisfactory. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and targeted treatments. It is essential to develop more effective treatment protocols and longitudinal studies to better understand and manage the disease.

Assessing the kinetics of oxygen-unloading from red cells using FlowScore, a flow-cytometric proxy of the functional quality of blood

Metrics evaluating the functional quality of red blood cells (RBCs) must consider their role in oxygen delivery. Whereas oxygen-carrying capacity is routinely reported using haemoglobin assays, the rate of oxygen exchange is not measured, yetalso important for tissue oxygenation. Since oxygen-unloading depends on the diffusion pathlength inside RBCs, cell geometry offers a plausible surrogate. We related the time-constant of oxygen-unloading (τ), measured using single-cell oxygen saturation imaging, with flow-cytometric variables recorded on a haematology analyser. Experiments compared freshly-drawn RBCs with stored RBCs, wherein metabolic run-down and spherical remodelling hinder oxygen unloading. Multivariable regression related τ to a ratio of side- and forward-scatter, referred to herein as FlowScore. FlowScore was able to distinguish, with sensitivity and specificity >80%, freshly drawn blood from blood that underwent storage-related kinetic attrition in O2-handling. Moreover, FlowScore predicted τ restoration upon biochemical rejuvenation of stored blood. Since RBC geometry and metabolic state are related, variants of FlowScore estimated [ATP] and [2,3-diphosphoglycerate]. The veracity of FlowScore was confirmed by four blood-banking systems (Australia, Canada, England, Spain). Applying FlowScore to data from the COMPARE study revealed a positive association with the time-delay from sample collection to measurement, which wasverified experimentally. The LifeLines dataset revealed age, sex, and smoking among factors affecting FlowScore. We establish FlowScore as a widely-accessible and cost-effective surrogate of RBC oxygen-unloading kinetics. As a metric of a cellular process that is sensitive to storage and disease, we propose FlowScore as an RBC quality marker for blood-banking and haematology. See Acknowledgements.

Correlation of polymerase chain reaction results with hematocrit levels and platelet counts in dengue patients in Batam City

Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, posing global public health challenge. The Riau Islands Province has the highest incidence of DHF in Indonesia. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hematocrit and platelet levels with the cycle threshold (Ct) values of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results in DHF cases in Batam City, Riau Islands Province. Methods A descriptive correlation study was conducted using data from 102 patients infected with the dengue virus. Hematocrit and platelet counts were measured using a hematology analyzer, while Ct values for DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4 were obtained through real-time qRT-PCR. Pearson's correlation test was employed to analyze the relationship between these variables. Results The study found no significant gender difference in DHF incidence (males: 50%, females: 50%). The highest prevalence was observed in the 6–11 years age group (44.1%), followed by the 12–18 years group (25.5%), the &gt;18 years group (24.5%), and the 1–5 years group (11.8%). DENV3 was identified as the dominant serotype. No statistically significant correlation was found between Ct values and hematocrit (p = 0.607) or platelet counts (p = 0.323). Conclusion DHF cases in this study showed no gender disparity, with the most affected group being children aged 6–11 years, and DENV3 was the prevalent serotype. Ct values did not show a statistically significant correlation with hematocrit levels or platelet counts, suggesting that these hematological parameters may not predict viral load in DHF cases.

Nephroprotective and diuretic effect of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze leaf extract; acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment.

Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze of the family Amaranthaceae has been extensively used in traditional medicinal practices in Brazil and India for its reputed efficacy in promoting diuresis, as well as treating wounds, inflammation, postnatal symptoms, diarrhea, and cough. Its selection for this study was driven not only by its ethnomedicinal significance but also by its rich phytochemical composition, including bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, which are known to exhibit nephroprotective and diuretic effects. Additionally, while many species from the Amaranthaceae family have demonstrated similar therapeutic properties, A. brasiliana remains underexplored in this context. Therefore, this research aimed to scientifically evaluate its potential nephroprotective and diuretic activities, providing a pharmacological basis for its traditional uses. This experiment was designed to determine nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced kidney injury and diuretic effect of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) in rats. This study also aimed to evaluate the toxicity of plant's extract by performing acute and sub-acute toxicity trials. In current study, the nephroprotective effect of aqueous-ethanol extract of A. brasiliana was evaluated after induction of kidney injury with cisplatin. Extract was given in three doses as 75mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg. A diuretic activity was also performed by comparing results with control and standard (furosemide). Extract was given in three doses as 75mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg. A 14 day trial for acute toxicity assessment was performed at doses 2000mg/kg and 3000mg/kg, whereas a 28 day trial for sub-acute toxicity assessment was performed at doses 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg. The biological active ingredients were identified and determined using HPLC technique. The aqueous-ethanol extract of A. brasiliana (ABAE) safeguarded the rats from toxic effects of cisplatin. This extract also enhanced urine output. The protective effect of ABAE increased with increasing dose and produced maximum nephroprotective effect and diuresis at a dose 300mg/kg. The outcomes from acute toxicity trials suggested that LD50 lied beyond 3000mg/kg, and no antagonizing effects occurred in sub-acute toxicity trials at doses 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg. ABAE posed no toxicities on kidney, liver, and heart tissues as evident from histopathological, hematological, and serum biochemical analysis. HPLC-DAD analysis of ABAE indicated the presence of betanin, kaempherol, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and oxalic acid. These results demonstrate an abundant supply of bioactive chemicals found in A. brasiliana (L.) extracts, which should be taken into account to improve renal functions with fewer negative effects.

Complete blood count in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): performance comparison between POCT Sight OLO® and Sysmex XN-9100™ hematology analyzers

Complete blood count in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): performance comparison between POCT Sight OLO® and Sysmex XN-9100™ hematology analyzers

UJI LARUTAN SAFRANIN – PHOSPHATE BUFFERED SALINE SEBAGAI REAGEN ALTERNATIF HITUNG ERITROSIT DAN TROMBOIT

Manual examination of RBC and PLT was carried out using a microscope using different reagents, namely Hayem and Rees Ecker. We formulated a diluent solution consisting of PBS and Safranin for RBC and PLT examination at the same time. Therefore, we tried to test our Safranin – PBS solution formula so that it could be used to determine RBC and PLT simultaneously. The research involved 10 respondents with blood testing units. RBC and PLT were measured using a hematology analyzer (control) and Safranin – PBS pH 6.8 and 7.0 (treatment). The results of microscopic observations of PLT appear to be more clearly purple red compared to RBC which is pink. Reference method RBC 4.76 ± 0.62 x 106/µL. Safranin – PBS pH 6.8, namely 2.74 ± 0.82 x 106/µL (p-value = 0.000), Safranin – PBS pH 7.0, namely 3.05 ± 0.48 x 106/µL (p-value = 0.000). Regression equation Safranin – PBS pH 6.8 Y = -0.0425x + 348.69 (r2 = 0.0041), Safranin – PBS pH 7.0 Y = -0.242x + 402.8 (r2 = 0.1084) . It was concluded that the Safranin - PBS formula cannot be recommended because it still has different results and does not have the same method as the reference.

Prevalence of hemoglobinopathies among Malayali tribes of Jawadhu hills, Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background Hemoglobin (Hb), a red pigment of red blood cells (RBCs), carries oxygen from the lungs to different organs of the body and transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Any fault present in the Hb structure leads to undesirable functional effects of the RBCs, such as sickle cell anemia (SCA), thalassemia, etc. Hemoglobinopathies affect around 7% of people in both developed and developing countries globally. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and carrier frequencies of hemoglobinopathies including SCA, thalassemia, and other abnormal Hb variants among Malayali tribes in the Jawadhu hills of Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 443 Malayali tribes inhabiting the Jawadhu hills of Tiruvannamalai district from July 2022 to September 2022. The RBC indices were analyzed using an automated 5-part hematology analyzer (Mindray, BC-5150) and hemoglobin fractions were done using the HPLC system (Bio-Rad, D-10) following standard protocols. Findings A total of 443 participants were screened, out of whom 14.67% had an abnormal Hb fraction, 83.30% were identified as normal, and 2.03% were borderline. Notably, the study revealed a prevalence of 0.68% for the α-thalassemia trait and 13.99% for the β-thalassemia trait. Interpretation Haemoglobinopathies, specifically the β-thalassemia trait, were most prevalent among the Malayali tribal population of Tamil Nadu residing in the Jawadhu hills of Tiruvannamalai district. Hence, we need special attention for creating awareness, increasing hemoglobinopathies screening programs, and improving the importance of tribal health conditions by the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for the betterment of the ethnic tribes.

Advancing Anemia Screening: Performance of the Aspen Hb Meter Compared to Standard Methods

Anemia, a global health concern with significant prevalence in low- and middle-income countries, poses serious challenges for women of reproductive age, particularly in resource-constrained environments. Early and accurate hemoglobin estimation is critical for timely intervention; however, traditional methods like the cyanmethemoglobin assay and automated hematology analyzers are impractical in decentralized settings. This study evaluates the performance of the Aspen Hb meter, a portable, spectrophotometry-based device, against the Serachem SC-60+ auto hematology analyzer. Hemoglobin levels from 1,280 adult females were analyzed, showing a strong correlation (R² = 0.977) and clinically acceptable agreement in Bland-Altman analysis. The Aspen Hb meter achieved a sensitivity of 98.14%, specificity of 95.80%, and accuracy of 97.57%, with minimal diagnostic errors. Its portability, rapid response, and cost-effectiveness highlight its utility in point-of-care diagnostics and public health programs. This device offers a scalable solution for improving anemia screening and management in low-resource settings, particularly in maternal health initiatives.

Effect of Proanthocyanidins from Grape Seed Extract on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting the urinary tract that occurs mainly in men over 40 years of age. Among the natural therapies, proanthocyanidins (PACs), which can treat a wide range of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), have been shown to play an important role in the treatment of pathologies concerning prostate health. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the different bioactivities of a grape seed extract (GSE), rich in polymeric PACs, and its version processed under alkaline conditions (ATGSE), characterized by a higher content of oligomeric PACs, in an animal model of BPH induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone (1 mg/mouse). These latter were divided into a control group (vehicle, olive oil), a BPH group (testosterone 1 mg/mouse), and four treatment groups treated with GSE (500 mg/kg) and ATGSE (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) by oral gavage. At the experimental endpoint (4 weeks), hematological and biochemical analyses of blood and tissues were performed. Data showed that oral administration of ATGSE (250 mg/kg) was significantly more effective than GSE in reducing prostate (p ≤ 0.0001) and seminal vesicle (p ≤ 0.0001) weight. Moreover, ATGSE exhibited enhanced effectiveness in significantly reducing PSA levels (p ≤ 0.0001 vs. GSE) and the expression of key pro-inflammatory cyto-chemokines in prostate and seminal vesicles homogenates. These findings pave the way for the clinical application of ATGSE as a nutraceutical and/or functional food.