Hematological Variables Research Articles

Assessment of maternal and cord blood hematological alterations in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: A comparative study with healthy pregnant women and their newborns

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent condition with potential repercussions on glucose metabolism and possibly on various hematological parameters. Exploring these alterations provides insights into the systemic manifestations and implications for maternal and neonatal health. Aims and Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to assess the hematological variations observed in maternal and cord blood between GDM mothers and non-GDM counterparts. Furthermore, based on these hematological markers, we sought to evaluate the potential ramifications of GDM on maternal and neonatal health. Another goal was to contrast the hematological features in newborns born to GDM mothers with those born to non-GDM mothers. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted at MES Medical College, Central Research Department in Perinthalmanna, Kerala. Pregnant women from the Malappuram district admitted to the labor ward and met the inclusion criteria were involved. The study enrolled 100 GDM pregnant women as cases and 50 healthy pregnant women as controls. Hematological analysis was performed on maternal venous blood samples and cord blood samples, evaluated at the Central Laboratory of MES Medical College. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results: Significant hematological variations were observed between the two groups. Maternal blood of GDM patients showed a higher red blood cell (RBC) count and differences in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) compared to controls. Cord blood samples from GDM neonates reflected elevated RBC, MCV, and MCH levels, with a pronounced white blood cells count higher than non-GDM neonates. Several parameters, including hemoglobin, MCH concentration, and platelet counts, remained consistent across groups. Conclusion: ???.

Comparative Evaluation of Hematological, Biochemical and Blood Morphological Variables between Omani Chicken and Cobb 500 Boiler Breeds at Three Different Age Intervals

Comparative Evaluation of Hematological, Biochemical and Blood Morphological Variables between Omani Chicken and Cobb 500 Boiler Breeds at Three Different Age Intervals

Óleo essencial de Hesperozygis ringens como anestésico para Colossoma macropomum durante manipulação biométrica

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the essential oil of Hesperozygisringens (EOHR) for anesthesia of Colossomamacropomum by documenting hematological and blood biochemical responses after biometric handling. In Experiment 1, juveniles (14.12 ± 3.53 g) were exposed to different concentrations of EOHR: 0 (control), 75, 150, 300 and 450 µL L-1 (n=10 fish for each concentration), to determine times for induction and recovery from anesthesia, as well as its effects on ventilatory frequency (VF). Based on these results, Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of 0 (control), 75 (with induction and recovery times outside that recommended for fish anesthesia) and 150 µL L-1 EOHR (within recommended times) on hematological and biochemical variables of juveniles (20.52 ± 3.47 g) after anesthesia and after 24 h of recovery (n = 6 fish for each concentration and collection time). Survival was 100%. Induction time showed a quadratic effect of EOHR concentration. Recovery time did not differ among EOHR concentrations. Concentrations between 150 and 450 µL L-1 EOHR caused rapid induction (< 3 min) and recovery (< 5 min). EOHR concentration affected VF. The concentration of 150 µL L-1 EOHR had little influence on hematological and biochemical parameters of C. macropomum of 20 g.

Oxidative stress in diverse clinical conditions of SARS-CoV-2 Cuban hospitalized patients

Context: COVID-19 related to SARS-CoV-2 infection generates inflammation with increased reactive oxygen species production. Drug treatment and others factors could influence systemic oxidative stress during pathogenic insult. Aims: To determine the redox status in COVID-19 patients with different clinical conditions and explore the relationship between redox and hematological hemochemical variables. Methods: In this comparative longitudinal study, blood samples were drawn from 160 individuals divided into four groups: COVID-19 asymptomatic, COVID-19 symptomatic (low and moderate symptoms), COVID-19 convalescent, and presumable healthy subjects. Demographic, redox, hematological, and hemochemical indices were assessed. Statistical analyses compared the median values of each variable and explored individual, simultaneous indices, and multivariate alteration. Results: Relative to the healthy group, acute COVID-19, and convalescent groups had significant differences in global damage indices and antioxidant status (p<0.05). The convalescent group showed significantly higher damage (malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, nitric oxide) and lower antioxidant enzymatic activities and glutathione concentration compared to other groups (p<0.05). Global modification of redox indices showed that more than 80% of studied individuals in acute conditions had simultaneous detrimental differences compared to a healthy status. The discriminant analysis permitted obtaining two canonical functions (p< 0.05) that reflect 98% of redox variables with 95% of variances with successful case classifications. Conclusions: These results corroborate that oxidative stress occurred in different COVID-19 and post-acute conditions with different molecular alterations of redox indices. Redox diagnosis should be considered in early diagnosis and treatment of infection, which would be worthwhile to conduct a more comprehensive study and management of disease evolution.

Feeding Value of Fermented Duckweed Meal (Lemna minor Linn.) as a Plant Protein Components in the Formulated Diets of Free- Range Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus Linn.)

The present study evaluates the growth performance and hematological attribute of experimental free-range chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus Linn. (Black Australorp x Barred Plymouth Rock) fed formulated diets of fermented and non-fermented duckweed meal (Lemna minor Linn.). Three isonitrogenous formulated treatment diets are prepared: 0% duckweed (control), 10% Fermented Duckweed Meal (FDM), and 10% Duckweed Meal (DM) inclusions. Five chickens (mean weight = 202.5 g) per replicate are used in a three-month feeding trial under single factorial experiment. Chickens fed FDM diet have significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean final weight (1,182.8 ± 42.13 g) as compared to those fed DM diet (1,070.4 ± 84.61 g). The mean final weight of control and FDM is significantly homogenous (P > 0.05). Variation in feed conversion ratio among treatments is significant, with the highest mean value being observed in DM (5.85 ± 0.52). The average daily gain in weight is higher in DM and is comparable with the control (P > 0.05). Treatment diets have no significant effect on the observed hematological variables.

Prediction of Brucellosis Based on Hematological Biomarkers via Ensemble Classification Methods

Aim: Some hematological changes are frequently observed in the clinical course of brucellosis. This study aimed to predict the diagnosis of brucellosis based on some hematological biomarkers with the help of ensemble classification methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 ensemble classification methods, including 10 bagging, 9 boosting, and 4 stacking approaches were applied to the brucellosis data set. Each subject in the brucellosis data set contains 13 features, including age, gender, and 10 hematological variables. Results: This study included a total of 257 participants [173 (67.3%) brucellosis patients and 84 (32.7%) healthy controls]. The mean values of white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), neutrophil (NEUT), neutrophil/lymphocytes (NEUT/LYMP), and monocytes/lymphocytes (MO/LYMP) of brucellosis patients were found to be significantly lower than those of healthy controls. Random Forest with Gini criterion (RF2) was selected to be the best fit model with a mean accuracy of 0.728. HGB (mean score = 0.1814), age (0.1311), NEUT/LYMP (0.0938), WBC (0.0817) and mean platelet volume (MPV) (0.0815) were determined as most diagnostic parameters in brucellosis. Conclusion: The lower levels of HGB, WBC, and NEUT/LYMP and higher levels of age and MPV may be important indicators for the diagnosis of brucellosis.

Hematological Variations Induced by Paint Chemicals in Occupationally Exposed Painters

Hematological Variations Induced by Paint Chemicals in Occupationally Exposed Painters

Therapeutic effect and safety of ozone therapy in sars cov-2 patients. Cuban experience

SARS-Cov2, the virus causing COVID-19, is distributed globally since December 2019, classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The virus is known to cause Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Cytokine storm is considered to be one of the major causes of ARDS and multiple-organ failure. Due to the high lethality of SARS-CoV2 infections and its economic and social impact, it is necessary to seek new therapeutic procedures. It has been demonstrated that ozone therapy produces a significant improvement in blood flow and oxygenation of ischemic tissues. Also, ozone can achieve an equilibrium between Nrf2 and NF-?B factors, modulating oxidative stress and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), the key antioxidant guardian in all tissues, could be critical in extinguishing the exacerbated inflammation that triggers organ failure in COVID-19. The reduced levels of GSH are clinically associated with severe disease. It is well documented that ozone activates the level of GSH. In clinical studies, ozone has a significant role in the treatment of pulmonary and vascular diseases. An exploratory, controlled, open and monocentric study was carried out in 32 patients with mild to moderate symptoms, distributed at random in two groups of 16 patients each. The first group received rectal ozone therapy (ozone concentration between 25 and 40 mg/L and volume between 100 and 200 ml, twice per day) together with conventional treatment with Kaletra Lopinavir/Ritonavir), chloroquine and/or Heberferon®, and the second group only conventional treatment. The result of the RT-PCR and the evolution of the clinical signs were the primary efficacy variables. Secondary efficacy variables were ferritin, C-reactive protein, oxidative stress biomarkers, cellular indicators of inflammation, biochemical and hematological variables, and the presence of adverse effects. Patients (81%) who received rectal ozone therapy had a negative RT-PCR after the tenth ozone therapy application (after 5 days), with significant differences from the control group at the same time. In all patients, improvements in the levels of C-reactive protein and cellular indicators of inflammation were achieved at the end of the treatment. Ozone treatment significantly increases GSH levels compared to the control group, but not other REDOX markers. The treatments were safe and welltolerated.
 Also, a pilot, open-label, phase IV clinical trial study was performed in 40 SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients (with symptoms extending beyond three weeks since negative PCR test) distributed at random into 2 groups. One group was treated with BIOPLA (dietary complement based on a concentrated protein - mineral elaborated from human placental after born, 1 capsule of 400 mg during 30 days) and the ozone group treated with rectal ozone application (ozone concentration between 20 and 35 mg/L and volume between 150 and 200 ml, 20 sessions, one per day) + BIOPLA. Both groups were treated and followed for one month. Twenty individuals supposedly healthy were enrolled and evaluated as the control group.
 Effect evaluation showed beneficial improvement in both treated groups resulting in 85% of patients for BIOPLA plus RIO3T and 37% for BIOPLA (p

A machine learning approach using endpoint adjudication committee labels for the identification of sepsis predictors at the emergency department

Accurate sepsis diagnosis is paramount for treatment decisions, especially at the emergency department (ED). To improve diagnosis, clinical decision support (CDS) tools are being developed with machine learning (ML) algorithms, using a wide range of variable groups. ML models can find patterns in Electronic Health Record (EHR) data that are unseen by the human eye. A prerequisite for a good model is the use of high-quality labels. Sepsis gold-standard labels are hard to define due to a lack of reliable diagnostic tools for sepsis at the ED. Therefore, standard clinical tools, such as clinical prediction scores (e.g. modified early warning score and quick sequential organ failure assessment), and claims-based methods (e.g. ICD-10) are used to generate suboptimal labels. As a consequence, models trained with these “silver” labels result in ill-trained models. In this study, we trained ML models for sepsis diagnosis at the ED with labels of 375 ED visits assigned by an endpoint adjudication committee (EAC) that consisted of 18 independent experts. Our objective was to evaluate which routinely measured variables show diagnostic value for sepsis. We performed univariate testing and trained multiple ML models with 95 routinely measured variables of three variable groups; demographic and vital, laboratory and advanced haematological variables. Apart from known diagnostic variables, we identified added diagnostic value for less conventional variables such as eosinophil count and platelet distribution width. In this explorative study, we show that the use of an EAC together with ML can identify new targets for future sepsis diagnosis research.

Hematological Variations Among SARS-COV-2 Patients Attending Zhyan Hospital at Ranya District, Iraq

Millions of people throughout the world have been impacted by the global pandemic virus SARS-COV-2. There is a paucity of information on the impact of SARS-COV-2 on hematological parameters in Kurdistan. To assess the effect of several physiological and pathological factors on the severity of the disease, this study looks at the hematological parameters among SARS-COV-2 patients hospitalized at Zhyan Hospital in Ranya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 200 cases were recruited for this study between 28th of September and 31st of December 2021. 50 negative people made up the control group, while 150 SARS-COV-2 patients mild, severe, and critical cases formed the study's three main study groups. The patients in the three groups were compared in terms of their hematological characteristics. The study revealed that compared to controls, SARS-COV-2 patients had significantly increased levels of white blood cells, granulocytes, platelet-large cell ratio, monocyte, red distribution width, platelet distribution width, platelet and decreased lymphocytes. WBC count, granulocyte, platelet-large cell ratio, monocyte, red distribution width, and platelet distribution width were all considerably higher in the critical group of SARS-COV-2 patients than in the severe and mild groups. Additionally, critical patients had considerably higher levels of lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia than severe and mild patient groups. Additionally, the critical group contained the highest proportion of SARS-COV-2 patients with concomitant conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The illness severity of SARS-COV-2 infection is nearly correlated with age, comorbidity, and levels of WBC, Lymphocyte, Granulocyte, Platelets, and P-LCR. Additionally, our results based on basic laboratory data may be useful in early illness severity prediction, and to improve the SARS-COV-2 patient survival rate.

Consequence of smoking on hematological parameters in apparently healthy medical students

One of the greatest causes of death in the globe is tobacco cigarette smoking. Smoking affects hematological markers both acutely and chronically. The current study's objective was to evaluate the severity of the negative effects of cigarette smoking on biochemical traits in healthy smokers. This study included 280 participants, only 56 smokers and 100 non-smokers. They were smoking for three years, the smokers regularly smoked 10 to 20 cigarettes per day. The fully automatic hematological analyzer CELL-DYN 3700 examined the total number of blood cells. White blood cells (p0,001), hemoglobin (p=0,042), mean corpuscular volume (p=0,001), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p0,001) were all considerably greater in the smokers. No other measured metrics varied considerably from one another. Red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were all significantly higher (p0,001) in male smokers compared to female smokers after smoking cigarettes.: Our study concluded that smoking cigarettes continuously has severe negative effects on hematological variables, including hemoglobin, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and hematocrit. These modifications may be linked to an increased risk of polycythemia vera, atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and/or cardiovascular diseases.

A study of the level of P-10 and some hematological variables in children infected with Entamoeba histolytica.

شملت الدراسة24 مريض مقارنة ب16 من الاصحاء اظهرت النتائج ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى البين ابيضاض 10 عند المصابين (148.75±13.14 بيكو غرام / مل) مقارنة بالاصحاء 96.68)±4.14 بيكو غرام/ مل)كذلك لوحظ انخفاض في مستوى كريات الدم الحمراء RBC عند المصابين ( 10e6/ul 3.68±21 0.) مقارنة بالاصحاء (10e6/ul 4.64± 0.17) وانخفاض نسبة الهيموكلوبين عند المصابين (10.54± 0.22 g/dl) مقارنة بالاصحاء (11.34± 0.19 g/dl ) وانخفاض مضغوط كريات الدم الحمراء PCV عند الاطفال المصابين(32.44± 0.49)مقارنة بالاصحاء (35.47± 0.17) . من هذا نستنتج ان البين ابيضاض 10 له دور كبير في الاستجابة المناعية ضد الاصابة بالاميبا الحالة للنسيج كذلك ان الاصابة بالاميبا الحالة للنسيج تؤثر على مستوى RBC,Hb,PCV

Molecular prognostication in Ph-negative MPNs in 2022.

The application of genomic techniques, including cytogenetics and DNA sequencing, to decipher the molecular landscape of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has radically modified diagnostic approach and management through improved risk stratification. Three driver mutated genes (JAK2, MPL, CALR) are variably harbored by >80% of patients and associated with clinical characteristics, as well as major disease-related complications and different survival outcomes. Therefore, JAK2 V617F mutation is included in the revised International Prognosis Score of Thrombosis for Essential Thrombocythemia score for prediction of thrombosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia and prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis, while a CALR type 1 mutated genotype constitutes a favorable variable for survival in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Novel, integrated clinical and cytogenetic/mutation scores (Mutation-Enhanced International Prognostic Score System for Transplantation-Age Patients with Primary Myelofibrosis [MIPSS70/v2], genetically inspired prognostic scoring system [GIPSS], Myelofibrosis Secondary to PV and ET- Prognostic Model [MYSEC-PM]) have been devised that guide selection of stem cell transplantation candidates with MF or help predict the risk associated with the transplant procedure (Myelofibrosis Transplant Scoring System), with greater performance compared with conventional scores based on hematologic and clinical variables only. On the other hand, several clinical needs remain unmet despite the great amount of molecular information available nowadays. These include the prediction of evolution to acute leukemia in a clinically actionable time frame, the identification of patients most likely to derive durable benefits from target agents, in primis JAK inhibitors, and, conversely, the significance of molecular responses that develop in patients receiving interferon or some novel agents. Here, we discuss briefly the significance and the role of genomic analysis for prognostication in patients with MPNs from a clinician's point of view, with the intent to provide how-to-use hints.

Serial values of hematologic variables and deep venous thrombosis: Red cell distribution width is associated with deep venous thrombosis

IntroductionAs 30 to 50% of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) cases remain idiopathic, an increased focus on hematologic variables may therefore reveal novel correlates of DVT. Very few studies have investigated the association of hematological parameters with DVT and the causal relationship between them is still to be elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between serial values of hematologic variables and DVT. MethodsComplete blood count parameters were serially measured at baseline and then at approximately 3-month intervals for 12 months in 152 adults with the first episode of DVT and 152 age- and sex-matched controls. The odds ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated as a measure of association between hematological parameters and DVT. ResultsThe red cell distribution width (RDW) was the only hematologic variable which showed an independent and consistent association with DVT at all time points (multivariable-adjusted OR [95%CI] 3.38 [1.28 – 8.91] at baseline, 2.24 [0.85 – 5.92] at 3 months and 2.12 [0.81 – 5.55] at 12 months for RDW > 14.0%). This association was higher for provoked DVT than unprovoked DVT and for DVT plus pulmonary embolism than DVT alone. No significant correlation was found between the high RDW and classical thrombotic risk factors, except malignancy. ConclusionsWe demonstrated an independent and consistent association of the high RDW with the first episode of DVT in adult patients. The study was probably underpowered to evaluate the association between the high RDW and recurrent DVT. Further large studies with long follow-up are needed to confirm this association.

Gradient Boosting Machine Identified Predictive Variables for Breast Cancer Patients Pre- and Post-Radiotherapy: Preliminary Results of an 8-Year Follow-Up Study.

Radiotherapy (RT) is part of the standard treatment of breast cancer (BC) because of its effects on relapse reduction and survival. However, response to treatment is highly variable, and some patients may develop disease progression (DP), a second primary cancer, or may succumb to the disease. Antioxidant systems and inflammatory processes are associated with the onset and development of BC and play a role in resistance to treatment. Here, we report our investigation into the clinical evolution of BC patients, and the impact of RT on the circulating levels of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1), cytokines, and other standard biochemical and hematological variables. Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm was used to identify predictive variables. This was a retrospective study in 237 patients with BC. Blood samples were obtained pre- and post-RT, with samples of healthy women used as control subjects. Results showed that 24 patients had DP eight years post-RT, and eight patients developed a second primary tumor. The algorithm identified interleukin-4 and total lymphocyte counts as the most relevant indices discriminating between BC patients and control subjects, while neutrophils, total leukocytes, eosinophils, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and PON1 activity were potential predictors of fatal outcome.

Efeitos da ozonioterapia sobre os parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e estresse oxidativo de cavalos atletas de vaquejada

ABSTRACT Ozone therapy is a technique used in several specialties of equine medicine; however, there are few studies on its use in vaquejada (cowboy competition) athlete horses. This study aims to evaluate the potential effect of ozone gas administered by two different routes on hematological and biochemical values and the oxidative stress marker in vaquejada athlete horses. For this, nine healthy equines that followed a training protocol and underwent two treatments were used with an 8-day wash-out between them. The major ozonated autohemotherapy (MOA) treatment group received a volume of 600ml of the O2-O3 mixture at a concentration of 60 µg/mL, and the rectal insufflation (RI) treatment group received 5mL of gas per kg of body weight at a concentration of 15µg/kg performed every 24h on three consecutive days. Results were significant for RBC, hematocrit, and hemoglobin in the hematological variables, and AST and lactate for biochemical and malondialdehyde variables. No statistically significant differences were found in comparisons between treatment groups. Thus, we can conclude that there is no difference between the two therapies, indicating that the two techniques are effective for the application of ozone therapy in horses competing for vaquejada.

Physiological, hematological, and biochemical responses in Hararghe-highland lamb subjected to water salinity levels of Lake Basaka in a semiarid area of Ethiopia

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of drinking salinity levels in Lake water on the growth performance, and physiological, and blood constituents of Hararghe-highland lambs. A total of 28 lambs (average IBW of 18 ± 1.18kg) were categorized into four levels of water salinity, namely freshwater (510 mg/l TDS), lake Basaka water (LBW; 2600mg TDS/L); lake Basaka water plus 100% TDS of LBW; 5200mg TDS/L) and lake Basaka water plus 200% TDS of LBW; 7900mg TDS/L). The current results suggest that increased total dissolved solid levels in lake water increase the water intake of lambs while not affecting IBW, FBW, AWG, and FCR. Additionally, drinking saline lake with increasing total dissolved solid levels increased rectal temperature and respiration rate and caused a significant (P < 0.05) change in the concentrations of glucose, albumin, urea, triglycerides, sodium, AST, and ALT. Some hematological variables and biochemical constituents like creatinine, total protein, cholesterol, chlorides, potassium, magnesium, and calcium showed no significant (P > 0.05) differences. In conclusion, Hararghe-highland lambs from Ethiopia could tolerate lake Basaka water with a high salt level (7952 mg/L TDS).

The Effects of Exercise Training on Recovery of Biochemical and Hematological Outcomes in Patients Surviving COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Assessor-Blinded Trial

BackgroundNo previous research has investigated the direct effects of exercise interventions on COVID-19 outcomes. The aim is to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of home-based moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), resistance training (RT), and combined aerobic and resistance training (CET) on biochemical and hematologic markers associated with COVID-19 symptoms and severity in COVID-19 survivors.MethodsA total of 547 male and female COVID-19 survivors were screened, and 296 (aged 20–93 years) were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to one of four groups: MICT (n = 74), RT (n = 74), CET (n = 74), or non-exercise (NON-EX, n = 74). Blood samples were taken at baseline, at week 4, and week 8 after training.ResultsAfter the intervention, compared with the NON-EX group, all 3 MICT, RT, and CET interventions caused significant improvements in the levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin-I, d-dimer, creatinine, urea, potassium (K), sodium (Na), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, red blood cells (RBC), platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit concentrations (P < 0.05). CET was effectively superior to MICT and RT in the improvements in the biochemical and hematological variables studied (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, the present study demonstrates that long-term MICT plus RT interventions have a synergistic effect in accelerating and enhancing the recovery in patients surviving COVID-19.Trial registration IRCT20160605028270N3, 6 September 2020.

Health Screening of American Beavers (Castor canadensis) in Utah, USA.

American beavers (Castor canadensis), trapped between 2017 and 2020 for the purpose of translocation, underwent hematologic, serologic, and fecal examinations. Eight of 73 beavers were seropositive for Leptospira spp. and 1/49 seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii. Two of 40 beavers tested positive for Giardia spp., and 22/44 beavers had strongyle-type ova in the feces; one was positive for coccidia. Hematologic variables were largely within published reference ranges for captive beavers. Within the specific ecosystems sampled, the disease prevalence in beavers appeared low; however, prophylactic deworming is recommended prior to translocation. Further, appropriate personal protective equipment should be used when handling beavers, to prevent zoonotic infection with Giardia spp.

Evaluation of haematological variables in patients with typhoid in Pakistan

Typhoid fever results in significant hepatic problems and biochemical abnormalities. The most effective diagnostic procedure now is the bacterial culture, but serologic tests are still often used, and a speedy and accurate diagnostic test for typhoid fever is still required. Objectives: To examine the haematological parameters between typhoid patients and healthy individuals to find any distinctive parameters that could be used as typhoid fever diagnostic indicators. Methods: This study set out to compare haematological changes in 550 patients with 550 healthy persons. Results: We found low hemoglobin (8.95±1.43), low hematocrit (32.62±5.38), high ESR (53.89±9.21), high platelet count (482003±86792), high WBCs count (14464±1694), high neutrophil percentage (63.60±9.26), low lymphocyte percentage (25.33±2.93), and high NLCR (2.498±0.45) against the healthy control group. Conclusions: This distinctive pattern can be easily obtained using a minimally invasive method and used to diagnose typhoid fever.