Help Of Friends Research Articles

In memoriam: Stefan Sokołowski

It is our real pain to write this article, remembering years of friendship and scientific collaboration with Stefan Sokołowski, who passed away on the 24th of June 2024. He was a strong man in his faith and convictions, a kind and helpful friend, attentive and open-minded in discussions, creative, profound and sophisticated in understanding the flow of life and science. He left an unforgettable mark on our hearts and personal memories. His way of thinking left an imprint on students, young scientists and co-workers. We accompany all that with warm farewell applause as an appreciation of Stefan’s way and effects throughout his life.

Conchas, Coloring Books, and Oxnard: Using Critical Race Counterstorytelling as a Framework to Create a Social Justice Coloring Book

I am from Oxnard, California, a predominantly Latinx city that is stereotyped as “too hood”, “too ghetto”, or “crime-infested” because of its low-income Brown people. Such negative narratives are so commonplace that they become believable, but we can challenge these oppressive narratives using critical race counterstorytelling. There are multiple ways to tell a story, and I pride myself in producing counterstories that are accessible and enjoyable to mi gente. So, to encourage stay-at-home practices and empower my own community during the COVID-19 pandemic, I created a social justice coloring book with the help of artistic friends and local Oxnard Latinx artists. In collaboration with Chingon Bakery, a local panaderia in Oxnard, we delivered over 500 FREE conchas and coloring books to the Oxnard community during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this creative piece, I explain why counterstorytelling, as a framework, served as the foundation for this coloring book and I include several examples of the coloring pages. Additionally, I discuss how and why this coloring book has proven to be a tool for cultural empowerment in my community. Ultimately, I argue that artistic representations of counterstories are necessary in the struggle to challenge and dismantle systems of oppression.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM SOLVING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATAKULIAH GEOMETRI DATAR DAN RUANG

Independent learning is an activity that students carry out without depending on the help of other people, both friends and lecturers, in achieving learning goals, namely mastering material or knowledge well with their own awareness and students can apply their knowledge in solving problems in everyday life. However, there are still students who experience difficulties in independent learning. The purpose of this research is (1) to determine student learning independence in flat and spatial geometry courses through the application of problem solving learning models in mathematics education study programs. (2) to determine student learning outcomes in flat and spatial geometry courses through the application of problem solving learning models in mathematics education study programs. This type of research is classroom action research. The research subjects were students in the fourth semester of the mathematics education study program for the 2023/2024 academic year, PGRI Mahadewa University, Indonesia. The object of this research is student independence and learning outcomes after implementing the problem solving learning model. This research uses two cycles and each cycle consists of planning, action implementation, observation and reflection stages. The method used in this research is descriptive statistics. The results of the research show that the application of the problem solving learning model can increase learning independence and learning outcomes for students in the fourth semester of the mathematics education study program for the 2023/2024 academic year in the flat and space geometry courses at PGRI Mahadewa Indonesia University.

Implementation by the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) of Bamboo Products in Jorong Balai Labuah Bawah, Tanah Datar

Sumatera Volunteer Foundation was founded in 2014. The foundation is located in Jorong Balai Labuah Bawah-Lima Kaum, which is located on flat land. The main activity of the non-profit Sumatra Volunteer Foundation is a handicraft business whose main raw materials are obtained from nature Sumatra Volunteer sells goods whose raw material is bamboo, such as straws (Sumatra Straws), food made from coconut shells, gifts made from bamboo, and crafts to finance the Foundation's operational activities. In BPOM permit regulations, only straw products are permitted because they are used directly by users as drinking utensils. The sales system still uses the help of friends, family, alumni, students, and interns from the Sumatra Volunteer Foundation. The marketing activities of the Sumatra Volunteer Foundation do not yet have a BPOM permit, so consumers and potential consumers feel safer when using goods with a BPOM certificate. This activity aims to develop the craft product business at the Sumatra Volunteer Foundation by obtaining a BPOM permit. Educational activities regarding BPOM were successfully carried out with the consideration that the product could be clinically tested.

"Older persons providing or not providing informal care to non-family peers - The experience of Health-related Quality of Life. Results from the Swedish Citizen Panel survey "

In Scandinavia, older persons have managed to take care of themselves at home with the help of relatives, friends, non-family members and others’ [1]. However, previous research have focused on carers mainly providing formal care, and little is known on the impacts on the carers’ health when providing informal care among older persons [2]. In Sweden, almost half of the hours of caregiving are provided by older persons. In Public Care, to meet the elderly persons’ need of care and support, a recent trend in eldercare is so- called innovation, which is commonly done in collaboration between public care, and many other sectors, including citizens. One of the goals is to activate older persons in care policies, emphasize preventive measures in ageing policy, and, involve older persons in social communities. Among younger and older carers providing care to older persons with impaired health, caregiving has been considered such as predictor factor for illness, depressed mood, and long-term sick-leave. Older persons who provide care to older adults with dementia, and experience strain, had a high risk for mental illness. Providing care to partner with health disability, has a broad-based negative impact. In general, there is a lack of knowledge on the older adults’ HRQoL, and on the burden due to diverse informal activities of care provided for older persons to non-family peers.
 This study examined how and to what extent perceived health-related quality of life (HRQoL) differs between older adults providing and not providing informal care to non-family peers and whether their perceived HRQoL is associated with experiences of strain.
 Methods: Our study is based on a sub-sample of the Swedish Citizen Panel survey, “involuntary loneliness among senior citizens”, involving older adults (+65 years old; n = 10,096). A cross-sectional survey was conducted, most of the participants were Swedish men (67%) living in urban places.The Swedish Citizen Panel is an infrastructure for collecting panel data via online questionnaires to be utilized by academic researchers and Swedish authorities. Health-related quality of life was assessed throughout the EQ-5D-3L instrument.
 Results: The HRQoL among the men was lower HRQoL in all the analyses. However, type of activity provided, the older persons’ physical and emotional condition, and socioeconomic factors worsened HRQoL. Particularly, older participants suffering from pain, reported lower HRQoL, and experienced more strain. Care supported by organizations was most positive experiences compared to health-related care or social support.
 Conclusions: Distinguishing older persons who provide care to non-family peers at risk of illness according to the type of care provided, socioeconomic conditions, social networks, age and physical limitations, and further, examining the diversity in care practices in the outskirts of public health, all together should improve the informal older adults’ HRQoL, and enhance a more sustainable, and innovative informal eldercare in Sweden.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Street Vendors Using Smartphones for Digital Payments: A Qualitative Study of Digital Opportunities and Inequalities From Kashmir Region in India

There are around 4.9 million street vendors in India, a large part of the country’s informal sector workforce. Linked to India’s focus on digital economy and promotion of digital transactions, there is growing popularity of mobile payment (m-payment) applications or m-wallets such as PhonePe, Google Pay, Paytm, Bhim, and so on. This is also the case with street vendors, and the sight of a street vendor with a QR barcode for accepting payments is not uncommon. How do street vendors make sense of smartphone-based transactions in their lives? In qualitative interviews with street vendors in Srinagar city in Kashmir region in India, a complex picture emerged. Street vendors were mostly illiterate or had limited education, but were quickly adopting m-payments. For online transactions, QR barcode stickers were mostly displayed on carts of street vendors in Kashmir. However, at the same time, vendors had little or no understanding of these m-payment apps. They had limited language skills and had to take help of literate friends or family members to check transactions or to get over difficulties in operation. The use of these m-payment apps or m-wallet smartphone applications introduced new opportunities associated with digital payments. However, gaps in digital skills are pronounced, and remained a major challenge for the street vendors. During the course of fieldwork in Srinagar (2022–2023), we also observed that m-payment companies introduced technological solutions such as speaker-based instant audio confirmations for payments such as Paytm Soundbox and PhonePe Smartspeaker. This is indicative of the continuous tracking of the informal sector usage by such companies, and clearly they are aware and receptive of such gaps. However, market-linked technological solutions only address operational gaps, and do not address the underlying causes, including illiteracy, and knowledge or skill gaps. Such observations can be helpful in planning and implementation of government policies for street vendors in India.

One Village, One Family: Social Cohesion in Rural Slovakia

This article is focused on mechanisms associated with social cohesion of Roman-Catholics in rural Slovakia. The article presents an analysis of ethnographic data gathered during field research in a municipality situated in White Carpathian mountains from June 2017 to July 2019. The data was collected from 38 residents of the selected denomination during semi-structured interviews. The primary aim of the article is to identify factors that help maintain social cohesion and factors that cause its disruption in concrete rural community in Slovakia. The data analysis based on the Grounded Theory method was performed in Atlas.ti. It showed that it is the help of friends, family, and neighbours, as well as family gatherings, religious tolerance, and baptism that contribute to the maintenance of social cohesion. The social cohesion is distorted by divorces, mobility of local inhabitants, ongoing industrialization, consumerism, and transformation of traditions.

EFL STUDENTS’ DEMOTIVATION: A PORTRAIT OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN AN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL

In an English language learning it demands the students to understand vocabulary, grammar, and several language skills. Consequently, the students must have sufficient motivation to concentrate in English class. If not, demotivation emerges and becomes a factor of unsuccessful learning. In relation to demotivation, this research investigates: [1] the factors contributing to the demotivation among students at the Islamic Boarding School of Tremas Pacitan in learning English and [2] the strategies used by students at the Islamic Boarding School of Tremas Pacitan to minimize demotivation in learning English. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects of the research were 8B students of the Islamic Boarding School of Tremas Pacitan. The data were collected by conducting observation and doing an interview. The findings revealed that the factors causing learning demotivation that were divided into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors had found personal belief and students’ boredom, while extrinsic factors such as teaching methods; classroom conditions; and less adequate facilities. Knowing that, extrinsic factors are more arisen than intrinsic factors. Moreover, students’ strategies to minimize learning demotivation were such as self-studying; asking friends for help; and ignoring their humiliating classmates. It is recommended that English teachers need to improve learning methods and facilities that support learning English.

Challenges and Adaptation Strategies of Students with Disabilities in Higher Education in Bangladesh

Education is a fundamental human right to which every human should have access. However, in Bangladesh, people with disabilities continue to be denied access to education in a variety of ways; even with the widespread expansion of higher education, they have limited access to it. Also, those who have crossed various barriers and got admission to different higher education institutions face various challenges, including infrastructural barriers and other academic and administrative problems that affect their chances of growing up as average students. Considering this aspect, this article is intended to determine the challenges faced by students with disabilities and their adaptation strategies in higher education in Bangladesh. It applied a mixed-method approach in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected from four leading public universities in Bangladesh. The results indicate that students with disabilities still face a variety of challenges on their campuses. However, to overcome these challenges, they apply adaptive strategies such as using assistive devices, bilingual books, and the help of friends, which are not favorable enough for them to cope with the situation and continue their studies.

Hollywood’s Peerless Advocate for Israel: Max Nussbaum, ‘Rabbi to the Stars’

Abstract A neglected figure in the histories of Zionism, American Jewry and US-Israel relations, Max Nussbaum carved out an unusual place for himself in Hollywood after the Second World War. Known affectionately as the ‘Rabbi to the Stars’, as spiritual leader of Temple Israel of Hollywood Nussbaum stood at the centre of entertainment’s Jewish community for thirty years, where he played a key role in advocating for Israel during the state’s formative decades. The rabbi raised millions of ‘publicity dollars’ for Israel with the help of Hollywood moguls and show-business friends, converted the actress Elizabeth Taylor into a Zionist champion, and conversed with America’s political leaders about Middle Eastern affairs. Using American and Israeli archives, this article explores the extensive range of Nussbaum’s pro-Zionist endeavours, demonstrating the importance of Temple Israel of Hollywood’s on- and off-screen support for Israel. It factors in the role of American Jewish organisations and the particular importance of Zionist advocacy and celebrity culture to the changing attitudes of American Jews and the US government towards Israel from the 1940s to the 1970s. At the same time, it reveals the limits of Nussbaum’s pro-Israel political lobbying activities in Washington and assesses why, despite his devotion to Israel, Nussbaum clashed with its leaders over the goals of the Zionist movement. The article highlights the need to integrate religious figures such as Max Nussbaum and cultural players like Hollywood more fully into the history of the US-Israel alliance.

스토킹 범죄 피해 실태와 피해자 보호 및 지원방안

Since the Act on the Punishment of Stalking Crimes has been promulgated in October, 2021, the stalking crimes have been considered as a social problem, but the research on the current states of stalking crimes and the measures to protect and support its victims has not been conducted adequately. In this context, this study aimed to seek the measures to support and prevent the victims of stalking crimes, which have not been supported, and the intervention strategies for the victims by analyzing the experiences of victims who suffered from stalking crimes. For this study, from the Survey on the Experiences of the damages resulted from the Digital Sexual Crimes and On-and Off-line Stalking Crimes in 2022, the data of 425 respondents with the experiences who suffered from off-line stalking were utilized. The data were analyzed through SPSS Win 25.0. The complexity in the experiences of victims who suffered from being stalked and their needs were explored based on the responses to the questions such as the experiences of damages caused by being stalked, the ways to deal with the damages and the distress and the necessary helps when they were being stalked. In the results of this study, all the 425 respondents who has experiences to be stalked answered that they have experienced 3 kinds of damages among all the 12 damages that were shown on the questionnaire. Stalking was likely to happen in the intimate relationships including spouses or persons who are romantically involved with and most of victims reported that stalking they had experienced lasted one week or over, not just one time. Victims were likely to deal with the stalking in the personal level including demanding an apology to the stalker in person or asking family members or friends for help. The mental distress of victims caused by stalking was led to anxiety, depression, hostility and angers resulting in difficulty in sleeping, gastrointestinal disturbance, and eating disorders, which may be the somatic symptoms due to the trauma. Furthermore, the stalking gave the negative effects on the victims’ daily life such as the fears to meet new people and walk around alone. Based on the results of this study, it was suggested that the one-stop service system from reporting the stalking to supporting victims should be established. Furthermore, it was also suggested to install the comprehensive support center for stalking victims providing a one-stop service including psychological therapy, legal support and case management. Given the importance of initial responses to stalking, it was indicated that the services should be associated with admission to the shelter, aid of moving expense, and introduction of private security service. Finally the services to help victims regain their daily life such as the case management system and the support for the psychological therapy to treat the victims’ trauma have been also suggested.

712-P: Social Support, eHealth Literacy, and mHealth Use in Older Adults with Diabetes—Moderated Mediating Effect of Perceived Importance of App Design

Mobile healthcare (mHealth) for older adults with diabetes could benefit diabetes self-management. However, limited research is available regarding the factors influencing mHealth use. This descriptive study aimed to identify the factors that influence mHealth use. Participants aged 65 years or older with diabetes living in South Korea were recruited online and offline to complete a structured self-report questionnaire. With 252 valid responses, the moderated mediating effect of eHealth literacy and the perceived importance of app design in the relationship between social support and mHealth use were tested using SPSS PROCESS Macro 4.0. The results show that social support had a positive relationship with mHealth use, and eHealth literacy and perceived importance of app aesthetics had a moderated mediating effect. Moreover, when patients’ perceived importance of app aesthetics was high, eHealth literacy more positively affected mHealth use. This study implies that it is necessary to enlist the help of family, friends, and neighbors to increase access to internet-based health information and encourage mHealth use among older adults with diabetes. Furthermore, this study suggests developers should consider user experience (UX), such as font size, color, and menu configuration when developing mHealth for older adults with diabetes. Disclosure M.Kim: None. B.Kim: None. S.Park: None.

Evaluation of a dementia awareness game for undergraduate nursing students in Northern Ireland: a Pre-/Post-Test study

IntroductionAlthough it is possible to live well with dementia and many individuals with dementia lead active lives with the help of family, friends, and communities, the general impression of dementia is frequently negative. Dementia is a global health issue. Despite this, little research has been done on the effects of innovative dementia education strategies among undergraduate nursing students. The aim of this study was therefore to assess if this serious digital game, originally intended for the public, could increase knowledge about dementia in first-year nursing students.MethodsThe intervention was a digital serious game called “The Dementia Game”, which was available to students throughout February 2021, to a convenience sample of first-year undergraduate nursing students (n = 560) completing a BSc Honours Nursing Degree programme in one university in Northern Ireland. The game was evaluated using a pretest-posttest design. The questionnaire comprised of a 30- item true- false Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS), which covers risk factors, assessment and diagnosis, symptoms, course, life impact, caregiving and treatment and management. Data were analysed using paired t-tests and descriptive statistics.ResultsOverall dementia knowledge increased significantly after playing the game. Pre-test to post-test increases were observed across a range of seven categories of dementia knowledge (life impact, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, assessment, caregiving and trajectory), with particularly large increases in knowledge of trajectory and risk factors, as shown using paired t-tests. All pre-test to post-test comparisons were significant at the p < 0.001 level.ConclusionsA short serious digital game on dementia improved first-year student’s knowledge about dementia. Undergraduate students also expressed that this approach to dementia education was effective in improving their knowledge about the disease.

THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIETNAM LEADS INTERNATIONAL UNITY, BUILDS THE WORLD PEOPLE'S FRONT IN SUPPORT OF VIETNAM AND IMPLEMENTS THE POSSIBILITY OF PEACE IN THE RESISTANCE WAR AGAINST THE US (1954-1975)

In the cause of resistance war against the US for national salvation, in addition to upholding the line of independence, self-reliance and creativity, and bringing into full play the strength of the whole nation, the Communist Party and State of Vietnam advocate strengthening international solidarity, enlisting the consensus, support and help of friends around the world, to build a world people's front in support of Vietnam, create synergy, defeat the war of aggression by the US imperialists and realize the possibility of peace.

Lan Xang Village: Place-making in Louisiana's Iberia Parish

Lan Xang Village:Place-making in Louisiana's Iberia Parish Davorn Sisavath (bio) In the wheelhouse, Papoose scans the two-way radio, and we overhear fishermen speaking Cajun English and French. We hear the twang of Texas oil workers heading out to offshore platforms and the exotic language of exiled Vietnamese shrimpers who've fished these waters since the 1975 fall of Saigon, drawn to America's own elaborate version of the Mekong Delta. Completing the ethnic gumbo are French-speaking Houma Indians, driven by European settlers over the centuries to the farthest ends of the bayou country where they now survive as expert fishermen.1 This passage from journalist Mike Tidwell's Bayou Farewell: The Rich Life and Tragic Death of Louisiana's Cajun Coast (2003)—a regional and ecological history tracing the environmental losses occurring in Louisiana's Mississippi Delta—introduces the history of the Cajun coast and those who live along the bayous, including Texas oil workers, Vietnamese fisherfolk, Houma Indians, and Cajuns. It simultaneously sheds light on the socially and spatially uneven ways some stories are muted while others appear front-and-center.2 In fact, across Acadiana, nearly 15 percent of residents are Black, and in some parishes such as Iberia, Black residents make up at least 30 percent of the total population.3 [End Page 77] In Iberia Parish and Lafourche Parish, Latinx residents make up 4.3 percent and 4.4 percent. Building on Carl Bankston III's and Phanat Xanamane's scholarship on the stories of one such frequently overlooked group—a Lao community of about 400 people on the northern edge of New Iberia, the largest city in Louisiana's Iberia Parish—this article explores how place-making plays an integral role in belonging and experience for immigrants and refugees. Although this article focuses on how Lao immigrants negotiate their spatial practices and experiences in Louisiana, I also deliberately use data about Vietnamese and Cambodians and apply it to the Lao community under examination. This reflects both in terms of very little scholarship examining Lao immigrants in the region and as subjects of U.S. militarism and imperialism, Southeast Asian refugees experienced similar, yet different processes of displacement and resettlement to America. Set against Louisiana's coastal south landscape and local distinctiveness, Lan Xang village is home to refugees from Laos who resettled with sponsorship from the Catholic Diocese in the 1970s and 1980s, and through secondary migration after learning of federally funded job training made available. Like many newly arrived Southeast Asian refugees in the Gulf Coast, Lao refugees landed job opportunities produced by the oil boom, while others filled the demand for unskilled labor in peeling shrimp, shucking oysters, picking peppers at the Tabasco factory, and working in food processing and textile mills. As Bankston writes, "Laotians began moving into Iberia Parish during the early 1980s, the peak period of Lao resettlement in the United States. Their concentration in this area was a consequence of secondary migration in search of job opportunities.... Those who arrived in New Iberia came with little capital, often relying on the help of friends and relatives, and on the public assistance made available under the provisions of the U.S. Refugee Act of 1980."4 Today, the small community off Melancon Road consists of three residential streets and a main avenue. At the heart of Lan Xang village, a Buddhist temple serves as an ordination hall where monks are ordained, and a sanctuary and gathering center for the community. In their efforts to belong and stay, I suggest place-making practices by Lao refugees in Lan Xang village make visible their multiple displacements but also make evidence of their collective process to belong and endow their place with value and attachments in New Iberia. This practice can be seen in places where temples serve as the center of the community such as Morganton, North Carolina and Willington, Connecticut. I approach place-making as work-in-progress and as an active space imbued with purpose, identity, and meaning whose final form is always contested. This approach acknowledges the complex relationships between people and place, and the stories created and shared. In "Space and Place," Yi...

RESOURCES AND EXPERIENCES AMONG DIVERSE DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS BY GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT

Abstract Rural caregivers are often underserved by caregiving services, yet little is known about how the intersectionality of geographic context and race/ethnicity relates to caregiving resources among dementia caregivers. We examined whether 1) caregiving resources and experiences differ across metro and non-metro areas; and 2) the use of caregiving resources is associated with geographic context by race/ethnicity, controlling for age, gender, and education. We analyzed a sample of caregivers of care recipients aged 65 years or older with ‘probable’ dementia (n= 808) in the 2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the associated National Study of Caregiving (NSOC). We defined geographic context by the recipient’s residence in metro (urban) or non-metro (rural) counties and grouped formal (respite care, support groups, caregiving training) and informal (family or friend help) resources. Among minority caregivers, 47% of those living in metro and 36% in non-metro areas used a formal service, and 83% and 72%, respectively, used informal resources. Among White caregivers, estimates were 44%, 48%, 76%, and 66%, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that non-metro White dementia caregivers had 2.04 times higher odds (95% CI=1.10-3.78) of using formal resources than metro White dementia caregivers. This pattern was not observed among minority dementia caregivers. The use of informal resources did not differ across geographic contexts by race/ethnicity. Findings suggest the influence of geographic context on the use of formal caregiving resources varies by race/ethnicity. With higher rates of dementia in non-metro areas, formal caregiving resources among non-metro minority dementia caregivers need more attention.

Patterns of Receiving Support and Barriers to Service Consumption among Young Arab Women in Israel

The present study examined the links between background variables, exposure to child abuse, patterns of using support, and barriers to services consumption among 482 young Arab women in Israel aged (18–26). The participants are Arab citizens of Israel and were recruited through snowball sampling. The results show that their acquaintance with services was consistently higher than their consumption. Most participants believed they were capable of managing on their own or with the help of family or friends. More than a third reported distrust in the ability of the services to assist them, cultural misunderstanding, preference of services provided anonymously, and too much bureaucracy as barriers to service use. The greater the abuse or neglect in childhood, the lower the satisfaction with the use of services and the greater the barriers to services experienced. A positive link was found between poor economic status and the barriers. The findings suggest a need for adjustment of the services offered to young Arab women as ethnic minority group to increase their motivation to receive support.

Vardis Fisher Pioneered Literary Mormon Writing

Vardis Fisher Pioneered Literary Mormon Writing

Comparison of the 25 Meter Freestyle Swimming Exercise Method with Swimming Board Aids and Friends Assistance for Extracurricular Students of Nurul Huda Integrated Islamic Elementary School in 2020

This research was based on the observations and experiences of researchers, which most children have dared to come in the water but in doing the correct movement for the freestyle, they still need direction. Therefore, the sports physical Education and health (PJOK) coach or teacher played an important role in directing good and correct swimming lessons. In this study, there were two ways to learn freestyle swimming they were using a float (swimming board) and with the help of friends so that the implementation of freestyle swimming can be achieved. The problems of this researcher are (1) How much was the effect of the exercise method using the swimming board on the 25 meter freestyle swimming technique? (2) How much influence did the training method with the help of a friend have on the 25 meter freestyle swimming technique? (3) Which was better the training method using a swimming board or a friend's help for the 25 meter freestyle swimming technique? This research was a type of quasi-experimental research (quay experiment) with a quantitative approach. Experimental research was a research conducted strictly to determine the causal relationship between the variables. The conclusions of this study are: (1) In this study, there was an effect of exercise using a swimming board in a 25 meter freestyle swimming speed. From the initial test/pretest the fastest time was 01.29, while the final test/posttest got the fastest time of 01.11. Based on the research problem formulation and research results, there were significant differences in freestyle swimming using a swimming board and the help of friends. It was proven from the results using the SPSS calculation where the significance of the swimming board was 0.017 &lt; 0.05, so there was a difference between the pretest and the posttest which the sig was less than 0.05. (2) The effect of swimming exercise with the help of a friend in a swimming speed of 25 meters. From the initial test/pretest the fastest time was 01.31, while the final test/posttest got the fastest time of 01.27. Then from the results of the freestyle swimming research using the help of friends, the results were 0.084&gt; 0.05, so there was no significant difference from the results of the pretest and posttest using the help of friends. (3) So, it could be the concluded that there was a significant difference between using a swimming board and using a friend's help. In this study, the method of using the swimming board was better than the 25 meter freestyle swimming. It was proven from the results using the SPSS calculation where the significance of the swimming board was 0.017 &lt; 0.05, so there was a difference between the pretest and posttest which at sig was less than 0.05. , then there was no significant difference between the results of the pretest and posttest using the help of friends. Based on the conclusions of this study: (1) For swimming students, they can use and run an exercise program with methods, either using assistive devices or not using assistive devices to increase the speed of the 25 meter freestyle swimming correctly. (2) For swimming coaches, in order to be able to innovate more in developing training methods, either using assistive devices or not to get the best results. Keywords: [Freestyle swimming, swimming board, friend's help]

A Typological Analysis of Help-Seeking Profiles in Youth and Associations with Victimization.

The need for autonomy and independence in adolescence is so fundamental that it can be difficult for youth to seek help when they experience difficulties. To date, few studies have documented profiles of help-seeking behavior according to victimization, gender, and perceived social support among adolescents and emerging adults. The aims of the study were to: (1) identify distinct help-seeking profiles according to gender, victimization experiences and perceived social support, and (2) illustrate the distinct profiles in light of the help-seeking experiences of participants. A total of 397 youth aged 14 to 25 years old completed a questionnaire; a subsample of 100 youth also participate in an individual semi-structured interview. Questions on dating violence and a history of child sexual abuse, help-seeking strategies, and perceived social support were administered. A significant proportion of respondents experienced child sexual abuse and reported dating violence experiences. Four clusters highlighting the diversity of help-seeking profiles among youth were identified: (1) Friend-oriented help-seekers; (2) Proactive help-seekers; (3) Formal help seekers; (4) Self-reliant youth. The results suggest that youth are more likely to rely on their friends for help and less likely to seek help from formal resources. Girls are more proactive than boys in help-seeking. Youth victims of psychological and physical dating violence are more likely to be classified in the self-reliant group while youth with a history of child sexual abuse were found in greater proportion in the friend-oriented group. Results underscore that perceived social support is associated with help-seeking behavior, and highlight the importance of addressing the reluctance of youth to reach for informal help, especially in youth who experienced dating violence. This study also underlines the relevance of bystander interventions to support youth who experienced dating violence or child sexual abuse.