Helpful Behaviors Research Articles

Determinants of Helping Behaviour among Community-Based Disaster Volunteers in Yogyakarta

Since community-based disaster volunteers are the backbone of effective disaster preparedness programs, their helpful behavior is crucial in disaster-prone areas. The delivery of psychosocial support will be streamlined if volunteers' helpful conduct is understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the acceptability of the suggested volunteer helpful behavior model. Altruism and egoism-helping behavior are the study's endogenous variables. Social and personal norms, the degree of dependence, and the length of time spent volunteering are the exogenous variables. To address the research questions, a survey-based quantitative study was carried out. 292 community-based volunteers in the Yogyakarta Special Region Province, ages 20 to 61, participated in the survey. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was employed for data analysis. Maximum Likelihood Robust (MLR) is the estimate that is employed to overcome anomalous data. The model fits the data, according to the model accuracy index. The analysis's findings indicate that altruism helping behavior is influenced by personal norms and dependency level, and egoism helping behavior is influenced by social norms and dependency level. Implications of the study results: Building volunteer capacity must focus on enhancing society values, personal values, and circumstances enabling help such as standardized physical equipment, knowledge, and abilities.

The Affecting Mechanism of High School Students’ Family Cohesion on Positive Episodic Foresight in Jiangxi Province, China

Positive episodic foresight is the main factor influencing students’ future achievement. Therefore, how to effectively develop students’ psychological ability to experience future positive events in advance has become the focus, and cordial emotional relationships among family members are related to positive episodic foresight. Therefore, this study adopts ecological systems theory with a sample of 219 high school students from 3 schools in Jiangxi Province, China (validity rate 95.217%) to investigate the relationship between family cohesion and positive episodic foresight; the relationship between emphatic concern, water personality, and positive episodic foresight, as well as the facilitating role of emphatic concern and water personality. The results confirm that family cohesion is positively related to positive episodic foresight; emphatic concern and water personality are positively associated with positive episodic foresight; and emphatic concern and water personality have a facilitating effect among high school students in Jiangxi Province, China. This suggests that cordial emotional relationships among family members, concern for others, helpfulness, and the concept of natural humanity are determinants of enhancing the psychological ability of high school students in international classes in Jiangxi Province, China, to anticipate positive future events. In addition, high school students need cordial emotional relationships among family members, as well as caring and helpful behaviors towards others and the notion of natural humanity to adequately promote their psychological ability to pre-experience future positive events. Finally, the findings provide important insights for enhancing positive episodic foresight.

Exploring the Correlations Between Language Impairments, Central Auditory Processing Disorder, Neuropsychiatric Functions, and Seizure Timing in Children With Self-Limited Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes.

Children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes often face language impairments and central auditory processing difficulties. The correlations between these issues, seizure timing, and neuropsychiatric challenges are not fully understood. This study delves into the connections between language impairments and central auditory processing difficulties in cases with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, examining their links with seizure occurrence and neuropsychiatric function. Patients with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes were categorized based on seizure timing: group 1 experienced seizures postbedtime, and group 2 prewaking. Both, alongside controls, underwent the Turkish Expressive and Receptive Language Test (TIFALDI) for language skills, and the Frequency Pattern and Duration Pattern tests for central auditory processing difficulties. Neuropsychiatric assessments involved the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. The study comprised 56 patients with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (ages 6-13) and 32 healthy controls. Both groups significantly lagged behind controls on the Frequency Pattern and Duration Pattern tests (P < .001). In the TIFALDI, the expressive language scores varied between group 1 and controls (P = .04) but not the receptive language scores or the test's expressive and receptive language results between group 2 and controls (P > .05). In the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, group 1 diverged from controls in behavioral and kind and helpful behavior scores (P = .016 and P = .012). Group 1's Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 values surpassed controls' (P = .038). Children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes have a high central auditory processing difficulties prevalence, regardless of seizure timing. Those with postsleep seizures tend to confront expressive language difficulties, alongside issues in prosocial behavior and impulsivity.

Study Literatur: Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

Organizations can change their management patterns through transformational leadership to improve optimal performance, especially when facing increasingly complex competition. Human resources, with their unique ideas and mindsets, are an important key in implementing the organization's vision, goals, and objectives. Employees play a vital role in achieving organizational success through their contributions. Employee performance is an important indicator that organizations must consider. Leaders play a major role in creating a positive work environment, and transformational leadership is one of the most popular styles, especially in the digital age. With secondary data collected from relevant articles, this journal uses a literature review method to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance. Research findings show that transformational leadership style significantly affects employee performance. Employees who actively participate feel more motivated, confident, and committed to following the organization's philosophy, ideology, and vision. Interesting changes more easily influence them and show high dedication while realizing their potential. Employees who are inspired by transformational leadership tend to work harder, improve performance, and display helpful behaviors, which ultimately support organizational growth.

The Big, the Dark, and the Biopsychosocial Shades of Harmony: Personality Traits and Harmony in Life.

Our current understanding of the relationship between personality traits and subjective well-being, or happiness, is limited to the conceptualization of subjective well-being as being life satisfaction and a positive affective experience (i.e., the presence of positive emotions and the absence of negative ones), thus lacking the sense of acceptance, balance, adaptation, and self-transcendent unity (i.e., harmony in life) that is appreciated as part of the good life in many ancient and modern cultures. Moreover, most studies use the Big Five Model to understand which personality traits predict subjective well-being. Here, I examine the predictive power of personality on harmony in life using the Big Five Model, the Dark Triad, and Cloninger's Biopsychosocial Model. The present study utilized past published data from three cross-sectional studies. In each separate sample, participants self-reported personality by answering the Big Five Inventory (N1 = 297), the Short Dark Triad (N2 = 1876), or the Temperament and Character Inventory (N3 = 436). All participants (NTotal = 3698) answered to the Harmony in Life Scale. The traits in the Biopsychosocial Model explained the highest variance in harmony in life (R2 = 0.435, F(7, 428) = 47.136, p < 0.001), followed by the Big Five (R2 = 0.341, F(5, 291) = 30.110, p < 0.001) and the Dark Triad (R2 = 0.096, F(3, 1872) = 66.055, p < 0.001). The key significant predictors were Self-Directedness, Self-Transcendence, and Harm Avoidance from the Biopsychosocial Model and Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism from the Big Five. Narcissism was the only predictor from the Dark Triad, although this relationship was very small. The findings underscore the importance of a multidimensional approach for understanding subjective well-being and the inclusion of harmony in life as its third component. The Biopsychosocial Model's inclusion of both temperament and character dimensions provided the most comprehensive understanding of harmony in life. While positive traits like Agreeableness, Self-Directedness, and Self-Transcendence enhance harmony, negative traits like Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance diminish it. Moreover, research only including "dark traits" might give the impression that an inflated sense of self-importance, a deep need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others (i.e., Narcissism) is predictive of balance in life. However, this association was not only extremely low but can be interpreted as misguided since the results using the other models showed that helpful, empathetic, kind, and self-transcendent behavior predicted harmony. These results suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing well-being should consider a broad range of personality traits, especially those that are not present in the Big Five Model, thus advocating for a biopsychosocial approach to well-being interventions.

Understanding How Streamer’s Self-Presentation in E-Commerce Live Streaming Affects Consumers: The Role of Persuasion Knowledge

In recent years, live streaming has become the mainstream way of online shopping in China. As the dominant player and performer in live streaming, streamers play a crucial role in consumers’ purchase decisions. Therefore, this study focuses on the self-presentation behavior of streamers in the context of e-commerce live streaming and explores the mechanism of its influence on consumers’ purchase intention from the perspective of persuasion knowledge. A total of 538 consumers from China participated in this anonymous survey. The results indicate that helpful and empathetic behaviors of streamers can significantly enhance consumers’ purchase intention, while derogatory, exaggerated, and flattering behaviors of streamers can significantly diminish consumers’ purchase intention. Persuasion knowledge played a mediating role and had a significant negative impact on purchase intention, while anticipated inaction regret weakened its effect on purchase intention.

Effectiveness of the myPlan Teen App, a Digital Healthy Relationship and Safety Planning Intervention With Adolescent Aged 15–17 Years

PurposeTo determine the effectiveness of myPlan Teen app compared to usual care on the use of helpful safety behaviors, dating violence victimization and perpetration, depression, and suicide behavior. MethodsA longitudinal randomized clinical trial with 617 adolescents randomized to myPlan Teen or usual care. Participants in both groups completed surveys using validated measures at baseline, 3, 6-, and 12-months post-baseline. The study analysis examined the difference between the intervention and control groups in change over time in outcomes. ResultsmyPlan Teen significantly increased the use and helpfulness of safety behaviors among adolescents compared to the control group. Intervention users also significantly reduced the perpetration of physical and sexual violence and suicide behaviors. Although both groups experienced decreases in victimization and depression over the 12 months, the differences were not significantly different by group. DiscussionmyPlan Teen, a digitally delivered intervention, is one of the few interventions targeting dating violence in adolescence that has proven effective.

Empathy helps, dehumanization harms: Beliefs about the causes of homelessness are (in)directly related to intentions to help and harm those who are unhoused

AbstractHomelessness is a complex social issue that can be attributed to a constellation of dispositional, situational, and health‐related causes. The extent to which these causal attributions are associated with the treatment of individuals experiencing homelessness, however, is not well understood. The current study addressed this gap by exploring the extent to which individual beliefs about the causes of homelessness were associated with intentions to help as well as endorsements of restrictions and legalistic harm aimed at those who are unhoused. Results demonstrated that structural and dispositional, but not health, attributions were associated with helpful and hurtful behaviors. Further, a structural equation model revealed that these effects were explained, in part, by empathy for and the dehumanization of individuals experiencing homelessness. Attributions were most clearly associated with intentions to help via empathy and endorsements of harm via distinct forms (animalistic and mechanistic) of dehumanization. Theoretical implications pertaining to Attribution Theory of Emotion and Motivation and the practical implications for improving the treatment of and support for individuals experiencing homelessness are also discussed.

Teknik Modeling untuk Membentuk Perilaku Menolong dan Sopan Santun Siswa

The research aims to explain and describe modeling techniques, polite behavior, and the impact of modeling techniques on students' helping and polite behavior at Raudhatul Athfal Nurul Hidayah Pemakasan. The research method is qualitative through a case study approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data processing techniques involve condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity techniques include credibility. Research findings: (1) Modeling techniques: Attention Stage with student conditioning, attracting students' attention through singing and guessing games, and demonstrating helpful and polite behavior. Retention Stage involves recalling demonstrations and applying behavior. The reproduction Stage involves repeating behavior and giving tasks. The motivation Stage involves giving rewards and punishments. (2) Polite and courteous behavior: students helping each other in small matters, such as completing tasks or providing pencils, also being polite to teachers. (3) Impact: Students start helping each other in small matters, such as completing tasks providing pencils, and being polite to teachers.

The Implementation of Self-Assessment in Character Pillar Activities of Elementary School Students

Self-awareness is a person's ability to accept and understand their strengths and weaknesses so that they can develop their potential. Self-assessment is a tool that can be used to assess one's level of self-awareness. This research seeks to explore how 6-7-year-old students' awareness of themselves in assessing certain behaviors. The purpose of this study is to identify the application of self-assessment in character pillar activities in grade 1 students at SD Karakter, analyze students' perceptions of self-attitude and behavior on the tested character development aspects, and make recommendations for effective self-assessment development strategies to increase students' self-awareness. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with probability systematic sampling on 30 participants. The results show that self-assessment can measure students' self-awareness regarding generous, helpful, and cooperative attitudes and behaviors. Students and parents felt changes in behavior after the character pillar activities. Cooperation is the pillar concept that most often appears in students. This research proves that self-assessment can be used as a tool for student self-evaluation. Teachers can develop effective learning strategies based on students' self-assessment results.

Analysis of the religious attitudes of children who participate in hadrah art activities in the mushola Al-Fattah, Bulus village, Bandung district, Tulungagung regency

Hadrah in daily life always enlivens in Islamic events such as commemoration of the Prophet's birthday, Tabligh Akbar, Hijriyah New Year celebrations, and commemoration of other Islamic holidays. The aim of this research is to determine the form of religious attitude of children who take part in hadrah art activities and the benefits obtained from the religious attitude of children in the Mushola Al-Fattah, Bulus Village, Bandung District, Tulungagung Regency who take part in hadrah art activities. The type of approach in this research is qualitative which collects data in the form of descriptions because this research aims to explore data from the reality that occurs regarding hadrah art activities. The instruments used to collect data were observation and interview instruments. The results of this research show that the children at the Mushola Al-Fattah have good religious attitudes. These results are known from the results of interviews with art activity trainers in accordance with what was answered by children who took part in hadrah art activities which include doing things sincerely, always praying in an orderly manner, always feeling grateful to Allah SWT, studying religion with the holy book, helpful behavior, as well as deepening and expanding knowledge of beliefs regarding the relationship between humans and God and humans and humans and being able to implement helpful behavior which shows that the form and benefits of the child's religious attitude can be felt. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the hadrah art activities at the Al-Fattah Prayer Room run well, smoothly and routinely.

RoadBuddy: a mobile application to help motorcycle riders

A motorcycle may be used for much more than just traveling. The numerous motorcycle communities found all over the world serve as evidence that riding is for many people a way of life and a really strong socialization tool. With some informal conversations with different motorcyclists it was discovered that during their long trips, most motorcycle riders are faced with a monopoly of problems. Most of the time they are in faraway places, sometimes even in different countries, which encourages them to seek out other bikers traveling the same routes so they can share company and swap stories and search for help. In addition, studies show that people of the same group are more likely to show helpful behavior toward each other than toward people whom they don’t resemble. RoadBuddy app aims to solve those points above by creating a network of help and socialization between motorcyclist drivers. The app has an interactive map where the user can see the localization of nearby motorcyclists and their contacts. This paper describes the RoadBuddy interface and methodology for the next steps of its development.

Light-Dark and Activity Rhythm Therapy (L-DART) to Improve Sleep in People with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Single-Group Mixed Methods Study of Feasibility, Acceptability and Adherence.

People with a diagnosis of schizophrenia often have poor sleep, even when their psychotic symptoms are relatively well managed. This includes insomnia, sleep apnoea, hypersomnia, and irregular or non-24 h sleep-wake timing. Improving sleep would better support recovery, yet few evidence-based sleep treatments are offered to this group. This paper presents a mixed methods feasibility and acceptability study of Light-Dark and Activity Rhythm Therapy (L-DART). L-DART is delivered by an occupational therapist over 12 weeks. It is highly personalisable to sleep phenotypes and circumstances. Ten participants with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses and sleep problems received L-DART; their sleep problems and therapy goals were diverse. We measured recruitment, attrition, session attendance, and adverse effects, and qualitatively explored acceptability, engagement, component delivery, adherence, activity patterns, dynamic light exposure, self-reported sleep, wellbeing, and functioning. Recruitment was ahead of target, there was no attrition, and all participants received the minimum 'dose' of sessions. Acceptability assessed via qualitative reports and satisfaction ratings was good. Adherence to individual intervention components varied, despite high participant motivation. All made some potentially helpful behaviour changes. Positive sleep and functioning outcomes were reported qualitatively as well as in outcome measures. The findings above support testing the intervention in a larger randomised trial ISRCTN11998005.

Instrumental helping and short‐term reciprocity in chimpanzees and human children

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans cooperate in reciprocal patterns, but it is unclear whether these interactions are based on the same psychological foundations. While there is evidence suggesting that both species engage in long‐term forms of reciprocity, there is very little work exploring their short‐term behavioural contingencies with suitable methods. Here, we present a direct comparative study on short‐term reciprocity in chimpanzees and human children using a novel, low‐cost instrumental helping task. We investigated whether participants help a conspecific partner to obtain a tool for accessing a reward, and whether the level of helping depends on the partner's previous helpful or unhelpful behaviour. In line with prior research, both chimpanzees and children demonstrated helping behaviour towards their partner. However, the extent to which the two species showed short‐term reciprocity differed considerably. After receiving help, tested children always helped in return. They helped substantially less when interacting with an unhelpful partner. Chimpanzees showed a higher tendency to help when interacting with a helpful compared to an unhelpful partner only in the first half the experiment. With increasing trial number, chimpanzees stopped discriminating between helpful and unhelpful partners. This study provides evidence for short‐term reciprocity in human children and, to a lesser extent, in our closest living relatives. Our findings demonstrate that helping paradigms provide a useful context to investigate reciprocal motives in humans and chimpanzees alike.

Who helps best? Children’s evaluation of knowledgeable versus wealthy individuals in negative event contexts

Children favor knowledgeable people in information-seeking contexts, but is this preference maintained when other resources are available to resolve problems? This study addressed whether children relied on knowledge or wealth to decide who is qualified to help someone in need. Sixty-four 5- to 8-year-olds heard stories in which two bystanders (i.e., knowledgeable versus wealthy) witnessed a negative event. Children judged which bystander should assist a victim and which should supervise the situation. Children evaluated each bystander’s strategies and duty to help. Across ages, children indicated that the knowledgeable bystander should provide aid, supervise, and help more than the wealthy bystander, but made positive trait attributions about both bystanders. Children referenced how knowledge could produce solutions and with age, were better able to make knowledge- rather than wealth-related predictions about helpful behavior. These findings shed light on children’s understanding of wealth and draw connections between children’s reasoning about knowledge, wealth, and morality.

"We're treading water as best we can": A qualitative study of parental resilience during COVID-19.

This Ontario-based study utilized modified grounded theory to consider the potential burden of chronic stressors on parents of young children during the COVID-19 crisis, as well as parental experiences of coping and resilience. Cross-sectional interviews at a single point in time do not reveal change and adaptation during an evolving pandemic; for this reason, this study conducted one interview at the end of the first wave of the pandemic in Ontario and a second interview a year and a half later. Twenty parents participated in two interviews, and findings are presented using Bonanno's (2004, 2005) mental health trajectory model following life disruption. The recovery trajectory details parental stressors and challenges that returned to baseline; the chronic stress trajectory notes parental experiences of unremitting stressors; and the resilience trajectory describes helpful behaviors, beliefs, and conditions that supported parental mental wellness across both interviews. Findings reveal that the resilience and recovery trajectories were dominant among this cohort, and descriptions of both problem-based and emotional-based coping through creativity and parental innovation are presented, as well as unforeseen positive impacts of the pandemic on families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Dropping the mask: It takes two.

In some situations, autistic people feel pressure to change their social behaviour by camouflaging. In other situations, autistic people feel they don't need to change their social behaviour. Instead, they feel they can socialise in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. Past research has tended to focus on autistic people's experiences of camouflaging rather than their experiences of authenticity. In this study, we asked autistic people what it is like for them when they can socialise in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. Autistic people described authentic-feeling socialising as more free, spontaneous and open than camouflaging. In supportive environments, this kind of socialising had more positive and less negative consequences than camouflaging. Autistic people felt that having self-awareness and acceptance of their own social needs and being around autistic and nonautistic people who were accepting and understanding helped them to socialise in authentic-feeling ways. Autistic people also spoke about communication behaviours they felt nonautistic people should use to help overcome misunderstandings and create autism-friendly social environments. These findings suggest it is helpful for autistic people to have access to supportive and accepting social environments in which they feel able to socialise in ways that feel authentic to them. In creating such social environments, it is important to focus on nonautistic people's knowledge and attitude towards autistic people and also their ability to use helpful communication behaviours.

Frequency and Magnitude of Obstacles and Helpful Behavior Items in End-of-Life Care as Perceived by Nurses Working in Critical-Access Hospitals.

Twenty percent of Americans live in rural areas where most of their health care is provided in critical-access hospitals (CAHs). It is unknown how frequently obstacle and helpful behavior items occur in end-of-life (EOL) care in CAHs. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of occurrence scores of obstacle and helpful behavior items in providing EOL care in CAHs and to also determine which obstacles and helpful behaviors have the greatest or least impact on EOL care based on the magnitude scores. A questionnaire was sent to nurses working in 39 CAHs in the United States. Nurse participants were asked to rate obstacle and helpful behavior items by size and frequency of occurrence. Data were analyzed to quantify the impact of obstacle and helpful behavior items on EOL care in CAHs by multiplying the mean size by the mean frequency of items to determine mean magnitude scores. Items with the highest and lowest frequency were determined. In addition, obstacle and helpful behavior item magnitude scores were calculated. Seven of the top 10 obstacles were related to patients' families. Seven of the top 10 helpful behaviors involved nurses ensuring families had positive experiences. Nurses in CAHs perceived issues around patient family members as significant obstacles to EOL care. Nurses work to ensure that families have positive experiences. Visiting hour issues seemed to be irrelevant. The use of technology, such as telehealth, seemed to provide little benefit in EOL care in CAHs.

Effect of construal level on the drivers of online-review-helpfulness

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the effect of purchase context on the relative importance of the drivers of online review helpfulness and also to explore the psychological process behind it. This will help the review management team of online retailers to create a better review ranking system that considers purchase context. Based on the theory of helpful behavior, we propose that review-helpfulness is driven by review characteristics such as review diagnosticity and vicarious expression in the review, and reviewer characteristics such as reviewer-trustworthiness. Moreover, following construal level theory, we explain the relative importance of the review and reviewer characteristics. Using four experimental studies, we find that, at low construal, review characteristics have higher relative importance than high construal, while reviewer characteristics have lower relative importance. The current study contributes to the literature on online review-helpfulness and the application of construal level theory in consumer behavior. The study proposes a unique method of ranking the reviews based on consumers’ purchase context and predicted psychological state while displaying them on the platforms. This is the first paper that explores the impact of construal level on review and reviewer characteristics on review-helpfulness.

When not helping is nice: Children's changing evaluations of helping during COVID-19.

A key aspect of children's moral and social understanding involves recognizing the value of helpful behaviors. COVID-19 has complicated this process; behaviors generally considered praiseworthy were considered problematic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study examined whether 6- to 12-year-olds (N = 228; residing in the United States) adapt their evaluations of helpful behavior in response to shifting norms. Specifically, we presented children with scenarios featuring helpful and unhelpful actions that involved physical interaction (e.g., hugging) or nonphysical interaction (e.g., recruiting a teacher); although all children were tested during the COVID-19 pandemic, stories portrayed individuals either before or during COVID-19. While children generally judged helpfulness positively and unhelpfulness negatively, children exhibited a selective shift in their judgments for COVID-19 scenarios: children considered helpfulness negatively and unhelpfulness positively if helping required physical interaction. These findings demonstrate that children flexibly tune their social evaluations of helping to align with evolving norms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).