Helix Research Articles

Analysis of Investment Policy in Indonesia After the Ratification of the Protocol To Amend The Asean Comprehensive Investment Agreement

The Government of Indonesia in an effort to increase Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and increase trade between ASEAN member countries (intra-ASEAN Trade) ratified the protocol to amend the asean comprehensive investment agreement in the form of Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 92 of 2015. Constrained by regulations concerning legalization and licensing at the center and in the area of accelerating efforts, the Investment Coordinating Board is given the task of coordinating the implementation of policies. Moving on from that, the problem was formulated regarding how the substance and investment policies in Indonesia after the ratification of the protocol to amend the asean comprehensive investment agreement. The substance of the protocol to amend the ASEAN comprehensive investment agreement is to create a free and open investment regime in ASEAN, through investment regimes, increased protection, increased transparency and predictability of rules, with fair competition and non-discrimination treatment. With the transition from the existence of the understanding of liberalism, efforts must be made to strengthen the family principle in accordance with Article 33 paragraph (1) of the Constitution. Globalization should be harmonized by considering the entire foundation and a material study of the academic community with the aim of defending the nation's ideology. Then the application of the Triple Helix concept as a transformation effort.

Distinct Binding Modes of Vinculin Isoforms Underlie Their Functional Differences

Vinculin and its splice isoform metavinculin play key roles in regulating cellular morphology, motility, and force transduction. Vinculin is distinct from metavinculin in its ability to bundle filamentous actin (F-actin). To elucidate the molecular basis for these differences, we employed computational and experimental approaches. Results from these analyses suggest that the C terminus of both vinculin and metavinculin form stable interactions with the F-actin surface. However, the metavinculin tail (MVt) domain contains a 68 amino acid insert, with helix 1 (H1) sequestered into a globular subdomain, which protrudes from the F-actin surface and prevents actin bundling by sterically occluding actin filaments. Consistent with our model, deletion and selective point mutations within the MVt H1 disrupt this protruding structure, and facilitate actin bundling similar to vinculin tail (Vt) domain.

Modified Quad Helix for Correction of Severely Rotated Incisors in Cleft Cases

Modified Quad Helix for Correction of Severely Rotated Incisors in Cleft Cases

Medical and biological functions of water

Water is the most common compound of hydrogen and oxygen in the nature. It is a universal solvent of many substances, and therefore chemically pure water does not exist in the nature. The water contained in the body is qualitatively different from ordinary water as it is structured water. Such crystalline structures of water are the matrix of life. Their presence gives possibility of the occurrence of important biophysical processes and biochemical reactions. Insufficient intake of water into the body or its excessive loss leads to dehydration, which is accompanied by thickening of the blood and impairing hemodynamics. Excessive intake of water into the body causes water intoxication.
 Purpose – to conduct a bibliosemantic analysis of the sources of the literature on the medical and biological functions of water.
 Research methods – bibliosemantic, analytical, logical methods and generalizion method.
 Water is the structural basis of cells necessary to maintain their optimal volume. It determines the spatial structure and function of biomolecules. Insufficient intake of water into the body or its excessive loss leads to an impaired hemodynamics. Excessive intake of water into the body causes water intoxication. All disoders of water-salt balance in the body can be divided into two groups: dehydration and hyperhydration. In each group, there are disorders with a decrease, increase, and no change in osmotic pressure (hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic disorders, respectively). Water is used in medical and pharmaceutical practice as an excipient, and for the manufacture of allopathic, homeopathic and anthroposophic medicines. The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine includes several articles on the use of water depending on the purpose and regulates water quality: 1) highly purified water, water for injections «in bulk» water and sterilised water for injections; 2) purified water: water «in bulk» and water in containers. Cosmetics are presented on the Ukrainian market, the main biologically active compound of which is water, in particular, natural, thermal and micellar. They are widely used in cosmetology.
 The biomedical function of water in the body is to preserve cell volume, provide turgor to the cells and save the body from temperature fluctuations. Disruption of water-salt balance leads to dehydration or hyperhydration. There are changes with a decrease, increase, and no change in osmotic pressure (hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic disorders, respectively). They cause disruption of the life of the whole organism. In pharmaceutical practice, water is widely used for the manufacture of allopathic, homeopathic and anthroposophic medicines. It can be obtained in various ways, but its quality is regulated by the relevant government regulations. In cosmetic practice, water is used not only as a basic solvent, but in the form of natural, micellar and thermal water, where it is a biologically active compound.

The regulating effect of auricle electrical stimulation on the cardiac vagus nerve in rats

Objective To compare the regulating effect of electrically stimulating different parts of the auricle on the cardiac vagus nerve in rats, and to explore the basic neural mechanism. Methods The tragus, concha auriculae and helix of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were stimulated at different intensities (0-16 mA) and with different durations (0-15 min) and any changes in the heart rate were observed. One week later, the rats were randomized into a tragus injection group, a concha auriculae injection group, a helix injection group and a control group, each of 6. The rats of the first three groups were injected with 2 μL of cholera toxin subunit B conjugate AF555 (CTB-AF555) at the right auricle, while the control group was injected with the same amount of aseptic phosphate-buffered saline at the right tragus. Five days later, all of the rats were sacrificed and their right superior and inferior ganglia and the whole bulbus medullae were resected to observe the fluorescent labeling sites. Results The rats′ heart rate declined with longer and more intense stimulation of the tragus or concha auriculae, but not with stimulation of the helix. With stimulation of the same duration, a significant decrease was observed in the heart rate when the tragus and concha auriculae were stimulated at 10, 12, 14 or 16 mA compared with when the helix was stimulated at the same intensities. The heart rate when the concha auriculae was stimulated at 12 mA was significantly slower than when the tragus was stimulated at the same intensity. At identical stimulus intensities, the heart rate slowed significantly more when the tragus was stimulated for 6 to 15 minutes and the concha auriculae for 4 to 15 minutes compared with stimulating the helix for the same length of time. And compared with stimulating the tragus for 6 to 10 minutes, the heart rate decreased significantly more when the concha auriculae was stimulated for the same length of time. All of the rats in the tragus and concha auriculae injection groups displayed nerve tracer in their superior and inferior ganglia. In the tragus injection group, CTB-AF555 was observed in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of 3 of the 6 rats. In the concha auriculae injection group it was observed in 4 of the 6. In the helix injection group, CTB-AF555 was observed in the nucleus of the spinal tract in 5 of the 6 rats, but no nerve tracer was found in their superior or inferior ganglia or in the NTS. Conclusion Electrical stimulation of the tragus and concha auriculae can regulate the functioning of the cardiac vagus nerve, but stimulating the helix cannot. This is partly because the nerve signals in tragus or concha auriculae stimulation and the cardiac sensory nerve signal are integrated in the inferior ganglion and then analyzed and processed in the bulbar center to monitor the heart. Key words: Electrical stimulation; Auricle; Vagus nerve; Heart rate

Swiss paediatrician survey on complementary medicine.

In Switzerland, complementary medicine (CM) is officially recognised within the healthcare system and mainly practised in an integrative manner, in conjunction with conventional medicine. As in other countries, there is high demand for and use of CM with children. However, there has so far been no research into the attitude towards, training in and offer of CM among paediatricians in Switzerland. Our study addresses this gap by investigating these topics with an online survey of paediatricians in Switzerland. We conducted a national online survey using a 19-item, self-reporting questionnaire among all ordinary and junior members of the Swiss Society of Paediatrics (SSP). A comparison of the study sample with the population of all paediatricians registered with the Swiss Medical Association (FMH) allowed an assessment of the survey’s representativeness. The data analysis was performed on the overall group level as well as for predefined subgroups (e.g. sex, age, language, workplace and professional experience). 1890 paediatricians were approached and 640, from all parts of Switzerland, responded to the survey (response rate 34%). Two thirds of respondents were female, were aged between 35 and 55 years, trained as paediatric generalist and worked in a practice. Apart from young paediatricians in training, the study sample was representative of all Swiss paediatricians. 23% had attended training in CM, most frequently in phytotherapy, homeopathy, acupuncture/traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and anthroposophic medicine. 65% were interested in CM courses and training. 16% provide CM services to their patients and almost all paediatricians (97%) are asked by patients/parents about CM therapies. More than half of the responding paediatricians use CM for themselves or their families. 42% were willing to contribute to paediatric CM research. In a representative sample of paediatricians in Switzerland, their personal attitude towards CM is positive, emphasised by great interest in CM training, a willingness to contribute to CM research and a high rate of paediatricians who use CM for themselves and their families. In contrast, the percentage of paediatricians offering CM is currently rather low despite strong demand for CM for children. This study provides key pointers for the future development of complementary and integrative medicine for children in Switzerland.

Recommendations for the patient preparation for laboratory tests in primary care in Spain: A redconlab study

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of hospital admission in childhood. The primary objective of the treatment is rehydration, but conventional drug therapies are limited. Therefore, several pediatricians supplement conventional treatment with complementary and alternative therapies. In the two German departments for pediatric integrative medicine, children suffering from an acute gastroenteritis are treated with supportive therapy based on anthroposophic medicine. However, up to now scientifically validated guidelines for these therapies are lacking.We consulted an expert pool of 50 physicians with expertise in anthroposophic medicine as well as pediatrics and invited them to participate in an online-based Delphi process. Results were analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis with two independent raters using MAXQDA. Using four rounds of questioning, a consensus-based guideline was developed.A strong consensus (>90%) or consensus (>75-90%) was achieved for 14 of 16 subsections. The guideline describes disease characteristics, the most useful diagnostics, drug as well as non-drug treatment recommendations and advises for a good physician-patient interaction.The guideline will help clinicians, as well as family doctors, in their daily routine and make anthroposophic medicine more tangible for parents and health insurance companies.

An expert consensus-based guideline for the integrative anthroposophic treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children

ObjectivesAcute gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of hospital admission in childhood. The primary objective of the treatment is rehydration, but conventional drug therapies are limited. Therefore, several pediatricians supplement conventional treatment with complementary and alternative therapies. In the two German departments for pediatric integrative medicine, children suffering from an acute gastroenteritis are treated with supportive therapy based on anthroposophic medicine. However, up to now scientifically validated guidelines for these therapies are lacking. DesignWe consulted an expert pool of 50 physicians with expertise in anthroposophic medicine as well as pediatrics and invited them to participate in an online-based Delphi process. Results were analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis with two independent raters using MAXQDA. Using four rounds of questioning, a consensus-based guideline was developed. ResultsA strong consensus (>90%) or consensus (>75-90%) was achieved for 14 of 16 subsections. The guideline describes disease characteristics, the most useful diagnostics, drug as well as non-drug treatment recommendations and advises for a good physician-patient interaction. ConclusionThe guideline will help clinicians, as well as family doctors, in their daily routine and make anthroposophic medicine more tangible for parents and health insurance companies.

Personal perception and body awareness of dysmenorrhea and the effects of rhythmical massage therapy and heart rate variability biofeedback—A qualitative study in the context of a randomized controlled trail

ObjectiveThe purpose was to involve women’s personal experiences of daily life with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and their body perceptions of the dysmenorrhea-related symptoms in relation to the treatment procedure and to explore the perception of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV-BF) or Rhythmical Massage (RM) according to Ita Wegman as a therapeutic intervention within the framework of Anthroposophic Medicine (AM). DesignFrom 60 women who participated in our randomized controlled trial analyzing the effects of HRV-BF or RM, we examined 14 women to get an in-depth understanding of this prevalent disease, using a qualitative design. The women drew their body image before and after the 3-month-intervention on body silhouette diagrams and described their body-perceptions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using content analysis. ResultsWomen perceive dysmenorrhea as a disturbance of their daily lives. The body images showed the variations of experience, from misbalances of body perception to overwhelming attacks of pain hindering a normal life for several days per month. Perception of therapeutic interventions range from relaxing without effects on complaints to important changes and benefits on the physical, emotional, and/or social level. Both therapies can support stronger self-awareness through enabling a more differentiated sense of body-awareness, sometimes resulting in women experiencing fewer limitations in their daily lives. Effects may be influenced by the readiness to resonate with the therapeutic process. Qualitative interviews and body images can serve as tools to integrate individuality and help to integrate embodied more or less conscious aspects of complaints. ConclusionsThe body silhouette diagram could be used systematically to include reflections of embodiment in the therapeutic and research settings and help to diagnose in advance the ability of participants to resonate with interventions. RM and HRV-BF influence self-awareness and may enable salutogenic and self-management capacities. For more effective treatment it may be helpful to make treatment suggestions based on an integrative individual history that includes preferences, expectations and a body silhouette diagram.

Interaction of POPC, DPPC, and POPE with the μ opioid receptor: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study.

The μ opioid receptor (μOR), which is part of the G protein-coupled receptors family, is a membrane protein that is modulated by its lipid environment. In the present work, we model μOR in three different membrane systems: POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), POPE (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), and DPPC (1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) through 45 μs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at the coarse-grained level. Our theoretical studies provide new insights to the lipid-induced modulation of the receptor. Particularly, to characterize how μOR interacts with each lipid, we analyze the tilt of the protein, the number of contacts occurring between the lipids and each amino acid of the receptor, and the μOR-lipid interface described as a network graph. We also analyze the variations in the number and the nature of the protein contacts that are induced by the lipid structure. We show that POPC interacts preferentially with helix 1 (H1) and helices H5-H6, POPE, with H5-H6 and H6-H7, and DPPC, with H4 and H6. We demonstrate how each of the three lipids shape the structure of the μOR.

Expressions of Yes-associated protein 1 and collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 in triple-negative breast cancer and their correlations with expression of E-cadherin

Objective To investigate the clinical significances of the expressions of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and their correlations with expression of E-cadherin. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis (SABC) was performed to detect expressions of YAP1 and CTHRC1 in 73 specimens of TNBC and adjacent cancer tissues collected from patients in Dandong First Hospital from January 2006 to December 2017. The correlations between the expressions of YAP1 and CTHRC1 and clinicopathologic features and E-cadherin expression were analyzed. Results The expression rates of YAP1 and CTHRC1 in TNBC were 71.23% (52/73) and 79.45% (58/73), and 13.70% (10/73) and 27.40% (20/73) in adjacent cancer tissues, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 values were 49.452 and 39.748, both P 0.05). The expressions of YAP1 and CTHRC1 were negatively correlated with expression of E-cadherin in TNBC (r=-0.371, P = 0.001; r = -0.323, P = 0.005). Conclusion YAP1 and CTHRC1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of TNBC and may participate in the invasion of TNBC through epithelial mesenchymal transition. Key words: Breast neoplasms; Immunohistochemistry; Yes-associated protein 1; Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1; Cadherins; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Communication between the Ligand-Binding Pocket and the Activation Function-2 Domain of Androgen Receptor Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Androgen receptor (AR), as a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, regulates the gene transcription in response to the sequential binding of diverse agonists and coactivators. Great progress has been made in studies on the pharmacology and structure of AR, but the atomic level mechanism of the bidirectional communications between the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) and the activation function-2 (AF2) region of AR remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations were carried out to explore the interactions among water, agonist (DHT) or antagonist (HFT), AR, and coactivator (SRC3). Upon the binding of an agonist (DHT) or antagonist (HFT), the LBP structure would transform to the agonistic or antagonistic state, and the conformational changes of the LBP would regulate the structure of the AF2 surface. As a result, the binding of the androgen DHT could promote the recruitment of the coactivator SRC3 to the AF2, and on the contrary, the binding of the antagonist HFT would induce a perturbation to the shape of the AF2 and then weaken its accommodating capability of the coactivators with the LXXLL motif. The simulation results illustrated that the DHT-AR binding affinity was enhanced by the association of the coactivator SRC3, which would reduce the conformational fluctuation of the AR-LBD and expand the size of the AR LBP. On the other hand, the coactivator-to-HFT allosteric pathway, which involves the SRC3, helix 3 (H3), helix 4 (H4), the loop (L1-3) between helix 1 (H1) and H3, and HFT, was characterized. The HFT's skewness and different interactions between HFT and the LBP were observed in the SRC3-present AR. The mutual communications between the AF2 surface and LBP, together with the processes involving the interplay of the ligand binding and coactivator recruitment events, would help in understanding the association of coactivators and rationally develop potent drugs to inhibit the activity of AR.

Crystal Structure of Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein from the Pathogenic Fungus Candida albicans.

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein (HINT) is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily, which has hydrolase activity owing to a histidine triad motif. The HIT superfamily can be divided to five classes with functions in galactose metabolism, DNA repair, and tumor suppression. HINTs are highly conserved from archaea to humans and function as tumor suppressors, translation regulators, and neuropathy inhibitors. Although the structures of HINT proteins from various species have been reported, limited structural information is available for fungal species. Here, to elucidate the structural features and functional diversity of HINTs, we determined the crystal structure of HINT from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (CaHINT) in complex with zinc ions at a resolution of 2.5 Å. Based on structural comparisons, the monomer of CaHINT overlaid best with HINT protein from the protozoal species Leishmania major. Additionally, structural comparisons with human HINT revealed an additional helix at the C-terminus of CaHINT. Interestingly, the extended C-terminal helix interacted with the N-terminal loop (α1–β1) and with the α3 helix, which appeared to stabilize the dimerization of CaHINT. In the C-terminal region, structural and sequence comparisons showed strong relationships among 19 diverse species from archea to humans, suggesting early separation in the course of evolution. Further studies are required to address the functional significance of variations in the C-terminal region. This structural analysis of CaHINT provided important insights into the molecular aspects of evolution within the HIT superfamily.

PUPPP successfully treated with anthroposophic medicine – a case report

PUPPP successfully treated with anthroposophic medicine – a case report

Utilization of Whole Exome Sequencing in Lethal Form of Multiple Pterygium Syndrome: Identification of Mutations in Embryonal Subunit of Acetylcholine Receptor.

The acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a member of the superfamily of transmitter-gated ion channels having a critical role in controlling electrical signals between nerves and muscle cells. Disruptive mutations in genes encoding different subunits of AChR result in multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS), which can be associated with a severe prenatally lethal presentation. This study aimed to investigate the etiology of lethal MPS (LMPS) in two consanguineous families with a history of miscarriages. DNA was extracted from a tissue sample of two aborted fetuses (probands) from two different families with a history of spontaneous miscarriages. Parental peripheral blood samples were collected for confirmatory analysis and follow-up testing. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on DNA from the probands. The results were confirmed and segregated by Sanger sequencing. Moreover, protein structure evaluations were accomplished. We identified a homozygous frameshift mutation of c.753_754delCT (p.V253fs*44) and a homozygous missense mutation of c.715C>T (p.Arg239Cys) in the CHRNG gene. Both aborted fetuses had pterygium, severe arthrogryposis, and fetal hydrops with cystic hygroma, being compatible with LMPS. The heterozygous state was confirmed in parents for both CHRNG variants. Likewise, CHRNG mutation was predicted to display the damaging effects by lowering the number of helixes and modifying the surface electrostatic potential. The present study identified rare sequence variants in the CHRNG gene in aborted fetuses from consanguineous couples with recurrent miscarriage history. WES is a comprehensive and cost-effective approach to study heterogeneous diseases including MPS. Such findings can improve our knowledge of MPS databases, particularly for genetic counseling of high-risk families and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Homeopathy and Pluralism of Theories in Medicine Arguments Put Forward to Remove Homeopathic Products from Pharmacies Contradict Actual Scientific Evidence and Suggest Deliberate Misinformation

Founded in 2000 by renowned physicians and researchers on the initiative of Professor Dr. med. Dr. h.c. Jörg-Dietrich Hoppe, then president of the German Medical Association, the Dialogue Forum Pluralism in Medicine (DPM) aims to overcome the traditional partisan bias between conventional medicine and complementary medicine by way of continued critical and objective dialogue between acknowledged representatives of different theoretical and practical approaches, in favour of an Integrative Medicine. The article describes the initiative in Germany as linking up with the concept of Integrative Medicine which originated from the United States and today is spreading across the world. The DPM strives to assess divergent paradigms in medicine for their potential to complement each other. Current DPM members are established proponents of mainstream medicine, anthroposophical medicine, homeopathy, classical naturopathy and Chinese Medicine (TCM). It has become fashionable to belittle homeopathy as being ineffective, using inaccurate statements on the state of research. On behalf of the DPM members as well as numerous medical organisations and renowned physicians and researchers, this article comments on such unjustified claims by means of specific examples. The idea is to establish Integrative Medicine in a spirit of critical but unbiased collaboration between mainstream medicine and selected complementary approaches as a precondition for a fully orchestrated healthcare system that meets the individually varying needs and preferences of the population. In this context, reference is made to a position paper on medical professionalism signed by all DPM members which underlined that conventional and complementary medicine alike are obliged to adhere to scientific standards. Ludwig Fleck and Thomas Kuhn already described tendencies among proponents of specific paradigms to claim privileges for their own paradigm via legislation. However, under Basic Law (German constitution) Article 5 Paragraph 3, the state is generally forbidden to pass judgment on scientific matters in the sense of advocacy of one specific paradigm. It should also be noted that attempts to monopolize a single paradigm favour the emergence of totalitarian thought patterns. In a final vote, the signatories – established medical organisations and numerous physicians and scientists of renown – reject all efforts to pursue totalitarian thought patterns in our healthcare system which are irreconcilable with constitutional law.

Discovery of a novel small molecular peptide that disrupts helix 34 of bacterial ribosomal RNA.

Despite the advances in modern medicine, antibiotic resistance is a persistent and growing threat to the world. Thus, the discovery and development of novel antibiotics have become crucial to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens. The goal of our research is to discover a small molecular peptide that can disrupt the synthesis of new ribosomes. Using the phage display technique, we have discovered a 7-mer peptide that binds to the second strand of 16S h34 RNA with a dissociation constant in the low micromolar range. Binding of the peptide alters RNA structure and inhibits the binding of the ribosomal RNA small subunit methyltransferase C (RsmC) enzyme that methylates the exocyclic amine of G1207. The addition of this peptide also increases the lag phase of bacterial growth. Introduction of chemical modifications to increase the binding affinity of the peptide to RNA, its uptake and stability can further improve the efficacy of the peptide as an antibiotic agent against pathogenic bacteria.

STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY LysR-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS IN BACTERIA

LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) comprise one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in bacteria and control gene expression of various types of metabolic, virulence and physiological functions. LTTRs typically form homotetramers and require an inducer molecule(s) to activate the transcription of target genes. The N-terminal region of LTTRs contains a DNAbinding domain (DBD) with the winged helix-turn-helix motif that specifically binds the promoter region of target genes. The C-terminal region of LTTRs is connected to the DBD by a linker helix and forms the regulatory domain (RD) that contains a binding pocket for inducer molecules. Crystal structures of several LTTR family members together with their biochemical analyses have provided a potential mechanism for the initial process of transcriptional activation by LTTRs. First, helix α3 of the winged helix-turn-helix motif in DBD is supposed to distinguish the recognition binding site (RBS) in the promoter region, resulting in complex formation through interactions between two DBDs in the tetrameric LTTR and RBS. Formation of this complex seems to enable interactions between the other two DBDs in the LTTR tetramer and the activation binding site (ABS) in the promoter region. The binding of the tetrameric LTTR to both the RBS and ABS causes the promoter DNA to adopt a bent structure because the four DBDs in the tetrameric LTTR are arranged in a V-shaped manner at the bottom of the LTTR. Interaction of an inducer molecule(s) with the RD seems to cause a quaternary structural change of the LTTR that relaxes the bending angle of the promoter DNA with a concomitant shift of the bound DBDs at the ABS. These events facilitate recruitment of RNA polymerase to its binding site in the promoter region, which overlaps with the ABS for LTTR.

Analysis of Helical Pile Behavior in Sands Varying Helix Pitch Based on Numerical Analysis Results

캐나다 및 베네수엘라에 주로 분포하는 오일샌드는 원유들이 모래질 흙의 간극에 존재한다. 이러한 오일샌드로부터 원유를 따로 추출하기 위해서는 규모가 큰 플랜트를 건설해야 한다. 일반적으로 오일샌드 플랜트의 기초는 주로 항타말뚝 혹은 현장타설말뚝이 사용되고 있다. 하지만 주로 극지에 위치한 오일샌드는 얼어있...

Benign Idiopathic Cystic Chondromalacia Of Auricle

Benign idiopathic cystic chondromalacia (BICC) is an uncommon, benign, painless, and usually unilateral, dome-shaped cystic swelling in the helix or antihelix of the auricle. Common sites include the cymba concha, scaphoid fossa and triangular fossa. BICC can also be found in the literature reports labeled as auricular pseudocyst, endochondral pseudocyst, intracartilaginous cyst, and (pseudo) auricular seroma. Because BICC is fairly unknown, they can be misdiagnosed and as a consequence inappropriately treated. A 60-year-old man presented with a mass on the right auricle of 5-year duration. It had increased slightly in size over this period. He denied any history of auricular trauma. Physical examination revealed a firm 1.5 × 1 cm sized firm mass in the scaphoid fossa and protruded slightly into the posterior helix. The patient underwent an excisional biopsy for diagnosis. The pathologic features of the mass were diagnostic for a BICC. Because BICC is fairly unknown, they can be misdiagnosed and as a consequence inappropriately treated. J Med Cases. 2018;9(12):383-385 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3193