Pylori Research Articles

Comparison of hematologic parameters, serum electrolytes, and lipid profiles among dyspeptic patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection attending Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, South West Ethiopia.

About half of the world's populations are infected with Helicobacter pylori, which may create atherogenic lipid profiles and contribute to atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it has been connected to hematological symptoms like anemia. Even though the high prevalence of H.pylori and its associated complications, including cardiovascular disease and anemia, in Ethiopia, there is little data regarding the risk factors associated with H.pylori infection, such as hematologic parameters, electrolyte imbalances, and lipid profiles. A comparative cross-sectional study design with a consecutive sampling technique was employed at Jimma Medical Center among 108 dyspeptic patients. Five (5) ml of blood samples were collected from each participant, and serum was extracted and analyzed using a COBAS 6000 core for the lipid and electrolyte, and whole blood was used with a SYSMEX XN 550 to determine hematological parameters. Data were entered in to Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Simple descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to present the socio-demographic characteristics of the study subjects. Student t-test was used for data comparison and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. H.pylori infected patients had significantly decreased levels of red blood cell count (p = 0.002), hemoglobin (p = 0.012), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p < 0.001), platelet count (p = 0.001), and sodium level (p = 0.006) when compared to the uninfected group. However, total cholesterol (p = 0.001), and low density lipoprotein (p = 0.021) were increased in H.pylori infected patients when compared to the uninfected group. This study revealed that H.pylori infection can cause derangements of hematologic parameters, electrolyte imbalances, and alterations of lipid parameters which considered as risk factors for anemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Study of Correlation between H. pylori, Life Habits, and Risk Factors among Adult Patients in Gharyan, Libya

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that can live in the human stomach and is one of the most common pathogens worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and risk factors and life style habits, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol ingestion, and smoking. The study was conducted in two centers in Gharyan, Libya (private clinics). The case study took place over three months from July to September 2024 and utilized a validated questionnaire. All participants had confirmed H. pylori infections. A total of 50 cases with positive H. pylori infections were included in this study. They completed the questionnaire and data was analyzed using simple statistics. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in females than males in this study. The findings suggested that certain habits, such as perceived stress, frequency of physical activity per week, and duration of physical activity, may influence the presence of H. pylori infection. Additionally, adults with below-normal levels of vitamin D had a higher risk of H. pylori infection.

A Proton Pump Inhibitor Independently Elevates Gastrin Levels as a Marker for Metachronous Gastric Cancer After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Background and Objective: Serum markers such as gastrin and pepsinogen are useful for stratifying gastric cancer risk. However, their utility in predicting metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication (GCAE) is unclear. This study aimed to clarify predictive factors for metachronous gastric cancer after ESD with a focus on serum markers. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 197 patients with 224 GCAE lesions who underwent ESD at Hiroshima University Hospital between April 2010 and December 2019. In total, 63 patients with 74 differentiated-type lesions were classified into metachronous gastric cancer (MG) and non-metachronous gastric cancer (NMG) groups, excluding proton pump inhibitor (PPI) users, female patients, and undifferentiated-type cases. The predictive value of serum markers was assessed using ROC curve analysis, and their association with carcinogenesis was evaluated using multiple logistic regression. Furthermore, the incidence of MG was compared between long-term PPI users and non-users. Results: ROC analysis revealed that serum gastrin had the highest discriminative ability for MG (AUC 0.77, cut-off 99 pg/mL, sensitivity 61.6%, and specificity 80.0%). Severe mucosal atrophy and high gastrin levels were significantly more common in the MG group and were independent predictors (p &lt; 0.01). Although serum gastrin levels were significantly elevated in PPI users, no increased risk of MG was observed. Conclusions: In addition to severe mucosal atrophy, PPI-independent elevated serum gastrin levels may be associated with an increased risk of MG after ESD. Serum gastrin may serve as a valuable marker for post-ESD cancer surveillance in GCAE patients.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection Is not Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Two-year Cohort Study.

Previous studies reported inconsistent results of the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A cohort study of 2063 adults without NAFLD at baseline, who participated in a repeated health check-up including a 13C urea breath test and abdominal ultrasonography, was conducted to evaluate the link between H. pylori infection and NAFLD development. During a mean follow-up period of 1.7 years, we did not found a significant association between H. pylori infection and NAFLD (Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10 (0.86, 1.40), p = 0.4689). We also found that higher age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (systolic BP), diastolic blood pressure (diastolic BP), fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were risk factors, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was a protective factor for NAFLD development. H. pylori infection might not be positively related to NAFLD development.

Contributions of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Genotypes to the Risk of Metastasis in Gastric Cancer.

In gastric cancer (GCa) tissues, the mRNA and protein levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are significantly elevated compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Moreover, the abnormal up-regulation of TIMP-1 has been associated with a poor prognosis. However, the role of TIMP-1 genotypes in susceptibility to GCa has seldom been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of TIMP-1 genotypes on GCa susceptibility and their potential interactions with clinico-pathological factors, including age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and metastasis status. TIMP-1 rs4898, rs6609533, and rs2070584 genotypes were analyzed in 161 patients with GCa and 483 non-cancer control subjects from a Taiwanese population using PCR-RFLP methodology and direct sequencing. The genotypic (p for trend=0.1987) and allelic (p=0.0733) frequencies of TIMP-1 rs4898 did not differ significantly between GCa cases and controls. Under the dominant model, combined CT+CC genotypes were not associated with GCa risk [odds ratio (OR)=0.74, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=0.51-1.07, p=0.1272]. Similarly, no significant association was found for TIMP-1 rs6609533 or rs2070584 polymorphisms. Importantly, patients with GCa carrying the TIMP-1 rs4898 TT genotype exhibited a significantly enhanced risk of GCa when they had smoking (p=0.0140) and alcohol drinking habits (p=0.0011). Furthermore, the CC genotype of TIMP-1 rs4898 was linked to a lower risk of distant metastasis. The TIMP-1 rs4898 CC genotype may serve as a prognostic biomarker and could inform lifestyle modifications aimed at GCa prevention. Validation of TIMP-1 genotypic profile in diverse populations is warranted.

Engineered FnCas9 mediated mutation profiling for clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Indian patients with gastrointestinal disorders

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent gut pathogen with reported implications in a wide range of gastrointestinal disorders. Antibiotic based therapy, especially with clarithromycin is one of most effective treatment strategies against H. pylori. However, rising global prevalence of clarithromycin resistance in certain H. pylori strains, primarily attributed to point mutations in the 23 s ribosomal RNA coding gene, pose a major challenge in the effective eradication of this pathogen. There are a number of established methodologies devised for H. pylori mutation detection, so as to provide a tailored treatment plan to the patients and resist further transmissions of antibiotic resistant strains. However, there is no ‘gold standard’ method available to detect mutation status in clinical isolates of H. pylori from infected patients. CRISPR-Cas9 based technologies have revolutionized the field of mutation detection in biological samples, particularly during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Although multiple assays have been reported for detection of H. pylori in clinical samples including CRISPR diagnostics (CRISPRDx) platforms, there is no such assay reported till date to detect specific mutations that confer antibiotic resistance to this pathogen. In this study, we have developed an assay using engineered FnCas9 (en31-FnCas9) protein to effectively detect the A2142G and A2143G mutations in the 23 s rDNA of H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsy samples. The data from in vitro cleavage assays and strip-based lateral flow tests using en31-FnCas9 and guide RNAs targeting the conserved and mutated loci of H. pylori 23 s rDNA are in perfect congruence with the data from Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Our results indicate that en31-FnCas9 based mutation analysis can be deployed as an efficient diagnostic methodology to detect clarithromycin susceptibility in patients with suspected H. pylori infections.

Helicobacter pylori prevalence and its spontaneous eradication rate after distal or proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A multicenter prospective cohort study

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is recommended in patients undergoing endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer to reduce recurrence. However, due to the possibility of spontaneous regression secondary to dynamic changes in the remnant stomach, the immediate eradication after gastrectomy for H. pylori carriers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori in Japanese patients with gastric cancer and the spontaneous eradication rate after distal or proximal gastrectomy.MethodsThis multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted at 22 institutions. Eligibility criteria was patients over 20 years planned to undergo R0 gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The primary endpoint was spontaneous eradication rate 1 year after distal or proximal gastrectomy. The prevalence of H. pylori infection before surgery and clinical features related to spontaneous eradication were examined.ResultsA total of 1247 patients were included in this study. The preoperative H. pylori status was positive in 756 patients and negative in 491. Seventy‐nine of the negative patients had an eradication history, totaling 835 (67%) patients preoperatively infected with H. pylori. The infection status of 541 patients was examined 1 year postoperatively; 285 were negative, with a 52.7% spontaneous eradication rate. Spontaneous eradication was significantly higher in male and older patients (&gt;70 years); other factors, such as histological type, gastrectomy method and adjuvant chemotherapy presence, did not affect the rate.ConclusionsAs spontaneous H. pylori eradication occurred in more than half of the analyzed patients, retesting for H. pylori. should be considered before postoperative eradication therapy (UMIN000020280).

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and white blood cell count: a cross-sectional study.

Helicobacter pylori is a type of Gram-negative microaerobic bacteria that inhabits the gastric mucosal epithelium. It can cause various gastrointestinal diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. White blood cells (WBC) are common immune cells, the increase in whose countoften indicates the presence of an infection. Currently, the relationship between H. pylori and WBC count remains full of controversy. This study aims to further elucidate the effects of H. pylori on WBC count in a population undergoing physical examination. A total of 864 participants who underwent physical examination and 14C urea breath test (UBT) were retrospectively enrolled in this study from January to June 2021. The overall population was divided into H. pylori-negative (Hp-) and H. pylori-positive (Hp+) groups based on the disintegration per minute (DPM) value detected by UBT. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between DPM and WBC count. General linear regression models were applied to assess the potential factors contributing to the increase in WBC count. Generalised additive model (GAM) was performed to identify the non-linear relationship between DPM and WBC count. Additionally, a piecewise linear regression was used to examine the threshold effect of the DPM on WBC count. 403 subjects were diagnosed with H. pylori infection. The WBC and platelet (PLT) counts in the Hp+ group were significantly higher than those in the Hp- group. Additionally, the prevalence of H. pylori infection gradually increased with the WBC count quartiles (38.89% and 54.67% in quartile 1 and quartile 4, respectively). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the DPM value significantly correlated with WBC count (r=0.089, p=0.009) and PLT count (r=0.082, p=0.017). The linear model revealed a positive independent association of H. pylori infection and DPM with WBC count (βHp+=0.398 (95% CI 0.170, 0.625), p<0.001; βDPM=0.002 (95% CI 0.000, 0.0030), p=0.018). The results of the GAM and the piecewise linear regression suggested that the cut-off points of the association between DPM and WBC count were 40 and 155 of DPM, that is, the effect of DPM on WBC count varied with the difference of DPM <40, 40-155, and >155 (βDPM=-0.005 (95% CI -0.017, 0.007), p=0.423; βDPM=0.006 (95% CI 0.002, 0.013), p=0.047; and βDPM=-0.007 (95% CI -0.012, -0.002), p=0.004, respectively). H. pylori infection was independently and positively correlated with WBC count; however, the effect of DPM on WBC count varied across different WBC count intervals, suggesting distinct immunological responses at different stages of infection.

Hydrogel loop-mediated isothermal amplification for ultra-fast diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in stool samples without nucleic acid extraction

BackgroundThe gastrointestinal diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection made the accurate detection of H. pylori infection more important. Non-invasive methods, such as molecular diagnostic methods, had become a promising method for detection of H. pylori. Stool samples combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), showed potential practicability for real-time detection. However, complex nucleic acid extraction steps were required to remove the large numbers of amplification inhibitors in stool samples before LAMP reaction. And the limited number of H. pylori made the detection with long reaction time and low sensitivity. The problems mentioned above were urgently to be solved. ResultsIn this study, we proposed a strategy for ultra-rapid sensitive detection of H. pylori in stool samples by hydrogel LAMP (hLAMP) without extraction. The hydrogel was combined with stool samples after simple thermal cracking, and amplification spaces were formed in its nanopore structures by nano-localization. The LAMP reaction was accelerated by nano space-localization. Besides, this method based on hLAMP could specifically and sensitively detect as low as 100 CFU/mL H. pylori within 40 min from sampling to result due to good anti-inhibition effect on complex samples of hydrogel. The whole process involved sample simple disposal for 10 min and LAMP reaction for 30 min. Furthermore, the excellent anti-inhibition mechanism of hydrogel was discussed, and the mechanism of hydrogel accelerating LAMP was explored. SignificanceThis is the first application of that hydrogel and LAMP systematically combined to detect H. pylori in stool samples. The developed method had been verified in actual clinical applications that the accuracy rate reached 88.9% compared with routine histopathology. And it also provided a potential idea for the diagnosis and prevention of H. pylori.

Biologically active ionic chitosan Schiff base nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori

1-(2-((4-Bromophenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)pyridin-1-ium chloride Schiff base (CH-Py) was prepared via reacting (CH) with pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde, followed by reacting the product with N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-chloroacetamide. The structure of the resulting CH derivative was determined via1HNMR and FTIR. The CH-Py derivative was converted into nanoparticles (CH-Py-Cl NPs) using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Additionally, the nanocomposites (CH-Py-Cl NPs) were prepared discretely by dispersion of 3.0 % Se and 3.0 % Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the CH-Py-Cl NPs matrix to derive the products denoted as CH-Py-Cl/Se and CH-Py-Cl/Fe, respectively aiming to develop innovative effective chitosan Schiff base nanocomposites towards H. pylori. Anti-H. pylori activity of CH-Py-Cl NPs, CH-Py-Cl/Fe, and CH-Py-Cl/Se were found to be at a minimal inhibitory concentrations MIC value of 62.5, 31.25, and 15.62 μg/mL, indicating that CH-Py-Cl/Se possessed the highest biological activity in our investigation. Finally, the CH-Py-Se-NPs nanocomposite was examined for its in vitro cytotoxicity against colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2). The results obtained indicated that the developed CH-Py-Cl/Se showed toxic effects on Caco-2 cells, with an IC50 value of 124.52 ± 1.15 μg/mL.

Redefining the Gastric Microbes in Promoting Gastric Tumorigenesis: The Rise of the Non-H. pylori Microbiome.

Gastric cancer remains one of the top cancers in China compared with Western countries, mainly attributed to the high rates of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, recent discoveries on the non-H. pylori gastric microbiome have led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of microbial risk factors driving gastric cancer, which will impact future screening and prevention strategies.

Efficacy of Bismuth Quadruple Therapy in the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori-Infected Peptic Ulcer Children in Vietnam.

The continuous increase in drug-resistant strains, the lack of novel antibiotics, and the fewer options available to combat antibiotic-resistant infections in pediatrics pose significant challenges to the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in children. This study evaluated the efficacy of first-line therapy with bismuth quadruple therapy in H. pylori-positive pediatric patients with peptic ulcers. 136 patients (aged between 8 and 17 years) diagnosed with active peptic ulcers with H. pylori infection were enrolled in this study. Patients with H. pylori strain sensitive to tetracycline and metronidazole were assigned to bismuth quadruple therapy, including a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole. Antibiotic resistance of H. pylori was analyzed by the Epsilometer test. Treatment efficacy was evaluated at 12 weeks based on H. pylori eradication and peptic ulcer healing rates. H. pylori infection status was evaluated by a 13C-urea breath test. Most isolates showed extremely high rates of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics used for children, including clarithromycin (97.0%) and amoxicillin (84.6%), while the low rate of resistance to levofloxacin (16.2%). The overall success rate of eradication therapy in the intention-to-treat and the per-protocol group were 86.0% and 89.3%, respectively. Peptic ulcer healing rates for total patients at 6 weeks and 12 weeks were 75.0% and 97.7%, respectively. There were no entail unpleasant adverse events, and peptic ulcer symptoms decreased steadily over time in all cases. The bismuth quadruple therapy with a 2-week PPI pretreatment and followed by prolonged PPI was highly successful in eradicating H. pylori infection and healing ulcers in pediatric patients with active peptic ulcer. This might be preferable as a first-line empiric treatment regimen for H. pylori-positive pediatric patients with peptic ulcers, especially in populations with high rates of resistance to amoxicillin and clarithromycin.

Map-Like Redness Development After Eradication Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection: Prospective Multicenter Observational Study.

Map-like redness, pathological intestinal metaplasia, is observed in one-fourth to one-third of patients 1 year after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, mainly in the corpus, and is a newly identified endoscopic risk factor for gastric cancer development after eradication. However, it is unclear whether intestinal metaplasia is present before eradication at the site where the map-like redness appears. We aimed to identify endoscopic findings that predict the occurrence of map-like redness before H. pylori eradication. As a prospective multicenter trial, the characteristics of patients in whom map-like redness developed after eradication, and the association between the endoscopic severity of gastritis and the development of map-like redness in patients who underwent endoscopy before and 1-year after eradication were investigated. The rate of map-like redness in all 93 patients 1-year postsuccessful eradication was 30.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.0-40.5). All patients with map-like redness were endoscopically observed to have intestinal metaplasia before eradication, in the site that subsequently developed map-like redness. Patients who developed map-like redness were older, had more severe intestinal metaplasia and nodularity and a higher total score on the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis both before and after eradication than patients who did not. On multivariate analysis, map-like redness was found to be associated with posttreatment intestinal metaplasia (odds ratio: 8.144; 95% CI: 2.811-23.592). In all patients who developed map-like redness after eradication, endoscopic intestinal metaplasia was observed at the site developed map-like redness before eradication therapy. Map-like redness was especially observed in patients with more severe intestinal metaplasia at 1-year after eradication. Such patients require increased attention at surveillance endoscopy, owing to generally having a higher risk of gastric cancer development. University Hospital Medical Information Network: UMIN000044707.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Associated Risk Factors among Dyspeptic Patients and Dogs in Matrouh Province Regarding the Zoonotic Risks

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Associated Risk Factors among Dyspeptic Patients and Dogs in Matrouh Province Regarding the Zoonotic Risks

Tegoprazan‐Amoxicillin Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Study in Fujian, China

ABSTRACTIntroductionFew studies have investigated the efficacy and safety of tegoprazan‐amoxicillin (TA) dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different dosages of TA dual therapy for H. pylori eradication.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, open‐label, multicenter study was conducted at four centers in Fujian, China. H. pylori‐infective patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive one of the following treatments: bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT, esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily + potassium bismuth citrate 240 mg twice daily + amoxicillin 1 g twice daily + clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily), tegoprazan‐amoxicillin dual therapies (TA‐qd, tegoprazan 50 mg once daily + amoxicillin 1 g thrice daily; TA‐bid, tegoprazan 50 mg twice daily + amoxicillin 1 g thrice daily) for 14 days. The primary outcome was noninferiority in eradication rates of the different TA groups compared to the BQT group. Secondary outcomes encompassed an assessment of adverse reactions and clinical symptom relief. Additionally, exploratory outcomes were focused on the shifts in gut microbiota and a cost‐effectiveness analysis.ResultsA total of 321 patients were enrolled. The eradication rates in the BQT group, TA‐qd group, and TA‐bid group were 85.05% (91/107), 85.98% (92/107), and 85.98% (92/107) in the intention‐to‐treat analysis (ITT) (BQT vs. TA‐qd, 95% CI −8.50% to 10.36%, noninferiority p = 0.012; BQT vs. TA‐bid, 95% CI −8.50% to 10.36%, noninferiority p = 0.012); 91.00% (91/100), 91.09% (92/101), and 92.93% (92/99) in the modified intention‐to‐treat analysis (mITT) (BQT vs. TA‐qd, 95% CI −7.81% to 7.98%, noninferiority p = 0.006; BQT vs. TA‐bid, 95% CI −5.62% to 9.48%, noninferiority p &lt; 0.001); 90.81% (89/98), 91.00% (91/100), and 93.81% (91/97) in the per‐protocol analysis (PP) (BQT vs. TA‐qd, 95% CI −7.83% to 8.19%, noninferiority p = 0.006; BQT vs. TA‐bid, 95% CI 4.46% to 10.46%, noninferiority p &lt; 0.001). The incidence of adverse reactions in the TA‐qd and TA‐bid groups was significantly lower than in the BQT group (13.33%, 14.56%, and 27.18%, respectively; p = 0.017). The complete remissions of clinical symptoms for BQT, TA‐qd, and TA‐bid were 36.89%, 65.71%, and 68.93%, respectively, had significant differences (p &lt; 0.001). Two weeks of TA therapy altered gut microbiota diversity and composition, but that recovered 4 weeks after discontinuation. The cost‐effectiveness ratios (CERs) for BQT, TA‐qd, and TA‐bid were 1.85 CNY, 2.08 CNY, and 3.69 CNY, respectively.ConclusionBoth TA dual therapies provided satisfactory eradication rates of &gt; 90% for eradicating H. pylori, fewer adverse reactions, and greater clinical symptom relief compared to BQT, with a mild, reversible impact on gut microbiota. In addition, the TA dual therapy with low doses of tegoprazan showed better cost‐effectiveness.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Register and registration No.: ChiCTR2300071997

Retraction: CDX1 Expression Induced by CagA-Expressing Helicobacter pylori Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis.

Retraction: CDX1 Expression Induced by CagA-Expressing Helicobacter pylori Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis.

FOXP3 expression in duodenal mucosa: Unique role in pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of celiac disease

Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) positive regulatory T lymphocytes are indispensable in the inflammatory homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract and represent a significant subset of regulatory cells in inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the potential of FOXP3 expression in diagnosing and pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD) by comparing duodenal biopsies of CD cases with non-CD ones, some of which had increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). Two hundred sixty-one duodenal tissues of patients who applied to adult gastroenterology were reevaluated for immunohistochemical analysis. After excluding patients on a gluten-free diet (n = 44), the CD (n = 97) and non-CD (n = 120) groups were divided based on clinical complaints that could be associated with CD (intestinal or extraintestinal), serologic and histologic findings. The specific threshold was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and its relationship with CD diagnosis and clinicopathological data was evaluated. ROC analysis offered a “>14” cut-off value for diagnosing CD, for which AUC (Area Under The Curve): 0.968, p < 0.0001, sensitivity: 92.8, specificity: 91.7, positive and negative predictive values were 90 % and 94 %, respectively. High FOXP3 expression was associated with higher IEL, diagnosis of CD, more severe histologic (higher Marsh score) and endoscopic (scalloping) findings, and higher anti-tissue transglutaminase and anti-endomysium IgA titers (p < 0.001). It also correlates with IEL in CD patients and is unaffected by the increase in IEL and the presence of gastric Helicobacter Pylori in the non-CD group. FOXP3 is a sensitive and specific marker for diagnosing CD despite inflammatory conditions resulting from non-CD causes.

Helicobacter pylori a karcinom žaludku

Helicobacter pylori belongs to the most common bacterial infections worldwide; despite its decreasing prevalence during the past four decades (currently ~ 40–50%), it is more prevalent in developing countries compared to developed ones. Intensive research of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection clarified the pathogenesis of several gastric and extragastric diseases, including different cancers. This review pointed out the role of Helicobacter pylori in different gastric malignancies. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is an etiological factor in non-cardia gastric cancer and most cases of low-grade MALT lymphoma of the stomach. However, there is an inverse association of Helicobacter pylori infection with other gastric malignancies, like cardia gastric cancer or rare hereditary Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Proximal Polyposis of the Stomach syndrome (GAPPS). A crucial issue has not been definitely solved yet: whether early eradication of Helicobacter pylori could prevent sporadic gastric cancer in the future? There is moderate evidence that searching for and eradicating Helicobacter pylori reduces the incidence of gastric cancer and death from gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic infected Asian individuals, although data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to European or US populations so far. Indication for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori must now be considered with caution, on an individual basis of personalized medicine.

Association Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Vitiligo

Objective: To determine the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and vitiligo in patients visiting a tertiary care hospital of Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Oct 2021 to Mar 2022. Methodology: A total of 60 adult vitiligo patients and 60 healthy controls, of both genders, were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 18-70 years. All study participants underwent stool antigen test to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori antigen. Results: The mean age of the cases was 43.47±8.16 years whereas it was 40.08±7.42 years in the controls. The mean duration of disease was 4.133±1.21 months. H. pylori Infection was detected in 36(60%) cases as compared to 11(18.3%) controls (p&lt;0.001, OR=6.68); which was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Significant association between H. pylori infection and vitiligo was demonstrated in the current study.

Preliminary study on the potential impact of probiotic combination therapy on Helicobacter pylori infection in children using 16S gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics approach

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the potential mechanism of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication by probiotic therapy through 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology and untargeted metabolomics.MethodsTwenty four Hp-infected children were recruited from the Shanxi Bethune Hospital, and 24 healthy children were recruited as a blank control group. Group A: fecal samples from 24 healthy children. Group B: fecal samples of 24 children with Hp infection. Group B1 (n = 15): fecal samples of group B treated with probiotic therapy for 2 weeks. Group B2 (n = 19): fecal samples of group B treated with probiotic therapy for 4 weeks. The above fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology and untargeted metabolomics.ResultsThere was no significant difference in alpha diversity and beta diversity among the four groups, but many bacteria with statistical difference were found in each group at the bacterial genus level and phylum level. LEfSe results showed that in group B, Porphyromonadaceae, Shigella and other microorganisms related to intestinal microecological dysbiosis were enriched. And in group B2, abundant characteristic microorganisms were found, namely Bacillales and Prevotella. KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that groups B1 and B2 were involved in 10 metabolic pathways potentially related to probiotic treatment: purine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid extension, fatty acid degradation, pyrimidine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis.ConclusionProbiotic therapy can inhibit Hp to some extent and can relieve gastrointestinal symptoms, making it a preferred therapy for children with Hp infection and functional abdominal pain. Hp infection can reduce the diversity of intestinal microbes, resulting in the disturbance of intestinal microbiota and changes in the relative abundance of microbiota in children, while probiotic therapy can restore the diversity of intestinal microbes and intestinal microecological balance.