Heilongjiang River Research Articles

Dissecting the Mutual Response of Potential Evapotranspiration with Vegetation Cover/Land Use over Heilongjiang River Basin, China

Spatiotemporal changes in potential evapotranspiration (PET) are important referential data for monitoring the variation in ecohydrology under climate change. As the key area of agricultural/forestry reserves and trade, research on the interactions between vegetation cover and land use with accurate PET among the Heilongjiang River basin, China is vital for the sustainability of this cross-border region. To obtain high-suitability PET estimation based on the proven Penman–Monteith (PM) principle, two schemes were adopted using 36-year in situ meteorological data (1984–2019) and derived remote-sensing product MOD16A2 from 2001 to 2019. At meteorological sites with heterogeneous underlying surfaces, the coefficients of the evaluation factors between MOD_PET and the referrable observations were better. This suggests that remotely sensed estimation was preferentially chosen as the input to study the mutual responses. The results indicated that the annual PET and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) changes differed significantly depending on the land use. The proportions of PET according to equal intervals initially increased and then decreased with increasing vegetation coverage, and changing trends indicated a negative correlation. The strongest correlations appeared in the middle to northern sub-basins, which were affected by their distinctive climatic characteristics. The response of PET was reverse-related with changes in the area of each selected land type, but could change with the expected climatic conditions.

Photodegradation, bacterial metabolism, and photosynthesis drive the dissolved organic matter cycle in the Heilongjiang River

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems. However, the mechanisms of DOM cycling in the water column during different seasons have not been fully elucidated to date. The differences in DOM degradation in summer, autumn, and winter water columns were evaluated in this study. The results showed that bacteria played an essential role in the degradation of DOM in the summer water column. Photochemical degradation was the primary degradation pathway of DOM in the autumn and winter water columns. Notably, while DOM is degraded, photosynthetic bacteria produce organic matter through photosynthesis to replenish the water column. EEM-PARAFAC analysis indicated more tryptophan component C1 in summer, but the contents of humic substance component C2 and terrestrial substance C3 were higher in autumn and winter. In summer, more tryptophan-like components were consumed by bacteria, and Cyanobacteria produced more organic matter through photosynthesis to replenish the water column. Moreover, a similar bacterial community structure and a more active tryptophan biosynthesis pathway were found in autumn and winter. Random forest models identified representative bacteria involved in the DOM transformation process in different seasons. The above findings may be helpful to explore the degradation characteristics of DOM in different seasons and predict the fate of DOM in the water column in the future.

Monitoring and evaluation of antibiotic resistance genes in three rivers in northeast China.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become an important public health problem. In this study, we used metagenomic sequencing to analyze the composition of ARGs in selected original habitats of northeast China, comprising three different rivers and riverbank soils of the Heilongjiang River, Tumen River, and Yalu River.Twenty types of ARG were detected in the water samples. The major ARGs were multidrug resistance genes, at approximately 0.5 copies/16S rRNA, accounting for 57.5% of the total ARG abundance. The abundance of multidrug, bacitracin, beta-lactam, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, sulfonamide, fosmidomycin, and polymyxin resistance genes covered 96.9% of the total ARG abundance. No significant ecological boundary of ARG diversity was observed. The compositions of the resistance genes in the three rivers were very similar to each other, and 92.1% of ARG subtypes were shared by all water samples. Except for vancomycin resistance genes, almost all ARGs in riverbank soils were detected in the river water. About 31.05% ARGs were carried by Pseudomonas. Opportunistic pathogenic bacteria carrying resistance genes were mainly related to diarrhea and respiratory infections. Multidrug and beta-lactam resistance genes correlated positively with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), indicating a potential risk of diffusion.The composition of ARGs in three different rivers was similar, indicating that climate plays an important role in ARG occurrence. ARG subtypes in river water were almost completely the same as those in riverbank soil. ARGs had no significant geographical distribution characteristics. Many ARGs were carried by human pathogenic bacteria related to diarrhea and respiratory infections, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas caviae. In general, our results provide a valuable dataset of river water ARG distribution in northeast China. The related ecological and geographical distribution characteristics should be further explored.

Comparative transcriptome reveals the thermal stress response differences between Heilongjiang population and Xinjiang population of Lota lota

Some cold-water fishes are particularly sensitive to the water temperature increasing caused by current global warming. However, the alterations in the physiology and behavior of infraspecific populations living in heterogeneous landscapes in response to water temperature increasing were significantly different. Consequently, understanding the impact of temperature increasing on different populations may be crucial for the conservation of cold-water fishes in the context of global warming. The burbot is the only freshwater specie in Gadiformes. To better understand the differences of different populations of burbot under similar thermal stress, Lota lota was selected as the research objects. Firstly, RNA-seq was applied to identify the transcriptomic responses of Heilongjiang population exposed to three temperature gradients (0 °C, 18 °C and 28 °C). Compared with 0 °C, 4216 and 12,657 genes were significantly differentially expressed at 18 °C and 28 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, 49 genes were significantly differentially expressed in three temperature pairs and these genes were presumed to involve in stress response process, immunologic process, reproductive process, development process, material metabolism process, signal transduction process, spermatogenesis process and cell apoptosis process. The response differences of two L. lota populations to similar thermal stress were compared and the results showed that they have different gene expression responses (the number of differentially expression genes and biological processes). The lower annual temperature of the Heilongjiang River might make it more sensitive to temperature increasing. Based on the comparative transcriptome analyses, 12 orthologous genes were considered as the potential regulators of L. lota preference for cold-water environment and these genes are potentially related to the immunologic process, reproductive process, development process, signal transduction process, and cell apoptosis process. Those results can provide basic information for the rational development of conservation strategies of different L. lota populations under the background of global warming.

Spatio-temporal distribution of NDVI and its influencing factors in China

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an important indicator reflecting the state of regional climate and environment, which is affected by precipitation, temperature, soil water content, and so on. This study analyzed the influence of different factors on NDVI through the spearman correlation coefficient (SCC) and standard regression coefficient (SRC), carried out climate zoning in China through principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, simulated the NDVI value through deep learning algorithm, and analyzed the spatial mutation positions of different factors through concept drift detection. The research results show that the main factor that affects NDVI in most areas of China is surface soil moisture (SSM), followed by temperature, while in arid areas root zone soil moisture (RZSM) and profile soil moisture (PSM) are the main influencing factors. The climate zones of China can be roughly divided into northern, southern and northwestern inland areas, while there are transitional zones between different main zones. The deep learning algorithm can simulate the NDVI value very well, and the Nash efficiency coefficients (NSE) during training and verification periods are 0.893 and 0.833, respectively. However, the details of some areas are rough. This shows that the selected impact factors can basically determine the status of NDVI, and these impact factors can be used to predict the changes in NDVI. The environmental drift areas discovered by concept drift detection are mainly in the Heilongjiang River Basin in Northeastern China, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Southern Tibet in Southwestern China, and Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang in Northwestern China. This study provides an important reference for the analysis of environmental regional zoning, climate change detection and simulation.

Simulation of the ice thickness of the Heilongjiang River and application of SD models to a river ice model

Abstract The Heilongjiang River is a transboundary river between China and Russia, which often experiences ice dams that can trigger spring floods and significant damages in the region. Owing to insufficient data, no river ice model is applicable for the Heilongjiang River. Therefore, a river ice thickness model based on continuous meteorological data and river ice data at the Mohe Station located in the upper reach of the Heilongjiang River was proposed. Specifically, the proposed model was based on physical river ice processes and the Russian empirical theory. System dynamic models were applied to assess the proposed model. The performance of the river ice model was evaluated using root-mean-square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). Subsequently, sensitivity analyses of the model parameters through Latin hypercube sampling and uncertainty analyses of input variables were conducted. Results show that the formation of ice starts 10 days after the air temperature reaches below 0 °C. The maximum ice thickness occurs 10 days after the atmospheric temperature reaches the minimum. Ice starts to melt after the highest temperature is greater than 0 °C. The R2 of ice thickness in the middle of river (ITMR) and ice thickness at the riverside (ITRS) are 0.67 and 0.69, respectively; the RMSEs of ITMR and ITRS are 6.50 and 6.84, respectively; and the NSEs of ITMR and ITRS are 0.72 and 0.70, respectively. Sensitivity analyses show that ice growth and ice melt are sensitive to the air temperature characterizing the thermal state. Uncertainty analyses show temperature has the greatest effect on river ice.

The stereoscopic spatial connectivity of wetland ecosystems: Evaluation method and regulation measures

AbstractCurrently, the weakened connectivity of wetland ecosystems is the most important factor leading to the destruction, degradation, and disappearance of wetlands. Studying changes in wetland ecosystems connectivity enables the understanding the hydrological processes in wetland ecosystems and provides significant support for the study of ecological water demand. However, recent research on the connectivity of wetland ecosystems has primarily focused on intuitive Heilongjiang River Basin in China (HRBC) connectivity in terms of hydrology and geomorphology, while the impact of wetland ecosystems on habitats has been ignored. The present study applied an innovative method to evaluate and regulate the stereoscopic spatial connectivity (SSC) of the wetland ecosystems in the HRBC. In this method, the water requirements of typical organisms in the region were considered, and the hydrological trends in the wetland ecosystems along with the status of the SSC were analysed using remote sensing images. A regulation mode for improving the stereoscopic spatial connectivity index (SSCI) was proposed. The results revealed that over the past 35 years, the wetland ecosystems in the study area shrank significantly, with the SSCI decreasing from 41.30% in 1980 to 35.08% in 2015. By comparing the correlations among temperature, precipitation, agricultural land, construction land, and the wetland ecosystems during the same period, it was proven that human activity serves as the major driving force behind the observed loss of wetlands in the system. Subsequently, the key protected areas needing protection to maintain the SSC of the wetland ecosystems were clarified, and the key recovery areas were determined based on three scenarios featuring high, medium, and low feasibility, which greatly improved the SSCI and generalization route after regulation. In general, the proposed SSC evaluation and regulation method is widely applicable to all kinds of wetland ecosystems located on animal habitat and migration routes, which can fully reflect the ecological effects of wetland ecosystems, and this method has certain reference significance for the evaluation and regulation of wetland ecosystems in other regions.

Carbon Isotopic and Lithologic Constraints on the Sources and Cycling of Inorganic Carbon in Four Large Rivers in China: Yangtze, Yellow, Pearl, and Heilongjiang

AbstractTransport of terrigenous carbon by rivers has been affected extensively by climate change and anthropogenic activities in China over the last few decades. Here, we present results on carbon isotopes (13C, 14C) of dissolved and particulate inorganic carbon (DIC and PIC) and combined with major lithologic ions measured in the four largest rivers in China, namely, the Yangtze, Yellow, Pearl, and Heilongjiang rivers, to reveal the sources and transport of terrigenous inorganic carbon in the rivers. The DIC concentrations showed large variations in the four rivers and ranged from 253 to 3,122 μM. The Yangtze, Yellow and Pearl rivers transported high DIC contents that had low Δ14C values of millennium‐aged DIC and very old PIC; however, the Heilongjiang River presented a lower DIC concentration with much younger 14C ages than the global average (1,100 μM). The strong correlations between the DIC isotope values and major lithological ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) suggest that chemical weathering played important but variable roles in controlling the production and fate of DIC in the rivers. Using dual isotopes and the MixSIAR model, we calculated that the chemical weathering of carbonate rocks contributed 95 ± 5% of the riverine DIC to the headwater of the Yangtze River while silicate rock weathering and riverine organic matter respiration contributed 62 ± 25% and 5 ± 5% of the DIC in the middle and lower reaches of the river, respectively. In contrast, chemical weathering of silicate rocks contributed the dominant fraction of DIC in the Yellow (55 ± 17%), Pearl (61 ± 20%) and Heilongjiang (83 ± 29%) rivers.

松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落格局及其与环境因子的相关性

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落格局及其与环境因子的相关性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201909262022 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（31870187）；哈尔滨师范大学博士启动金项目（XKB201912） Correlation between phytoplankton community patterns and environmental factors in Harbin section of the Songhua River Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:松花江是黑龙江在我国境内的最大支流，流经吉林、黑龙江两省。松花江哈尔滨段是哈尔滨市工农业生产与生活用水的重要水资源，近年来由于人类活动的频繁影响，水体质量有所下降。鉴于此，于2018年春、夏、秋三季（4月、8月和10月），在松花江哈尔滨段设置14个采样点，对电导率、总氮和总磷等理化指标进行测定，同时对其浮游植物群落结构及环境因子相关性进行研究。利用群落相似性分析（ANOSIM）探讨浮游植物群落时空分布差异；通过SIMPER分析筛选出影响群落时空格局的关键物种。基于优势种和10项理化指标的冗余分析（RDA）揭示了浮游植物群落生态分布特征并对关键影响因子进行识别。研究结果表明，调查期间共鉴定浮游植物136种，其中优势种15种，群落结构主要以硅藻门和绿藻门的物种构成。松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落结构与过去10余年间相比较为稳定。ANOSIM和SIMPER分析表明，季节变化和人为活动干扰对浮游植物群落时空格局具有一定驱动作用，蓝藻门物种的空间分布活动干扰影响明显。RDA分析表明，浮游植物分布特征与水环境时空异质性关系密切，驱动松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落时空分布的主要水环境因子为电导率、总磷、浊度和pH。 Abstract:The Songhua River, the largest tributary of the Heilongjiang River, flows through Jilin and Heilongjiang province. The Harbin section of the Songhua River starts from the upstream of Zhu Shuntun and ends at the Dadingzi Mountain in the lower reaches. It is an important water resource for industrial, agricultural and domestic use in Harbin city. Recent years, the intensively anthropogenic activities have resulted in water pollution. The water quality and biodiversity of Harbin section of the Songhua river has been attracted wide attention. At present, more and more studies focused on phytoplankton diversity and community structure. However, the study on phytoplankton in Harbin section of the Songhua River is still in its infancy. To explore the phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in Harbin section of the Songhua River, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted in this study. All sampling sites of Harbin section of the Songhua River were divided into two parts, sampling sites under intense human disturbance and other less polluted sites. A total of 14 sampling sites, the phytoplankton community and 10 environmental parameters were investigated in the spring (April), summer (July), and autumn (October) of 2018. The spatial and temporal distribution differences of phytoplankton community were analyzed by analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). The key species with contribution to the spatio-temporal patterns were identified by similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis. Additionally, the redundancy analysis (RDA) based on dominant species and 10 environmental variables revealed the ecological distribution of phytoplankton community and identified main factors. The results showed that a total of 136 species of phytoplankton were detected, including 15 dominant species. The species composition was dominated by Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta (76%), followed by Cyanobacteria (12%), Cryptophyta (7%) and others. Compared with the past 10 years, the community structure belonging to Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta was relatively stable. Among the three seasons, except for the physical and chemical indicators of specific conductivity (SpCond.), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and total phosphate (TP), others were significant differences (P<0.05). During the study, the abundance of phytoplankton in Harbin section of the Songhua River was 7.92×106-21.76×106 ind./L, and the average was 15.27×106 ind./L. The independent sample t-test showed that there were significant differences in total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) and chemical oxygen demand (BOD5) among the sampling sites affected by human disturbance and other sites (P<0.01). Additionally, there was significant difference of SpCond. at the 0.01 level in different sites, while other physical indicators such as pH did not change greatly (P>0.05). ANOSIM and SIMPER analysis showed that seasonal changes and human-induced disturbances in Site 4 to Site 7 had effects on the spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton community. The spatial distribution of Cyanobacteria species was significantly affected by human activity. The results of RDA analysis found that the distribution characteristics of phytoplankton were closely related to the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of water environment. SpCond., TP, turbidity (Tur.) and pH were the key driving factors of phytoplankton community in Harbin section of the Songhua River. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Potential in paleoclimate reconstruction of modern pollen assemblages from natural and human-induced vegetation along the Heilongjiang River basin, NE China

The relationships among modern pollen, vegetation, climate and human activities can help improving the reliability of reconstruction of past vegetation, regional climate and human activities based on fossil pollen records. We used a dataset of 114 surface soil pollen samples from natural vegetation (wetlands, forests and grasslands) and human-induced vegetation (farmlands and residences) along the Heilongjiang River basin in northeast China to explore the relationships among modern pollen, vegetation, climate and human activities. The results indicated that surface pollen assemblages differentiated modern vegetation well in natural and human-induced vegetation types. The wetlands were mainly composed of Cyperaceae, along with Artemisia, weeds Poaceae (<35 μm) and Sanguisorba. The forests were predominated by Pinus and Betula. Artemisia, weeds Poaceae (<35 μm) and Chenopodiaceae were the most important pollen taxa in grasslands. The farmlands were characterized by Artemisia, Aster, Chenopodiaceae, cereal Poaceae (>35 μm) and Taraxacum. The pollen assemblages of residences were composed of weeds Poaceae (<35 μm), Chenopodiaceae and Salix. Ordination analyses based on main pollen taxa and climatic variables were used to determine the relationships between pollen and climate, suggesting the surface pollen assemblages were primarily influenced by the mean annual temperature (Tann) in northeast China. The statistical performance of transfer function between pollen and Tann were well indicating the modern pollen assemblages could be reliably used in paleoclimate reconstruction in our study area. Furthermore, human-induced vegetation had high frequencies of human-companion pollen taxa, such as Chenopodiaceae, Aster, Taraxacum and cereal Poaceae (>35 μm). Pollen concentrations of human-induced vegetation were lower than natural vegetation types, which could be used as an indicator of human influence intensity.

River-ice blasting and explosive weight optimization for ice-flooding mitigation: A case study

Ice blasting with explosives before the spring breakup of river sections is a preventive measure for ice flooding. Based on 496 datasets on ice cover blasting with No. 2 emulsion rock explosives measured in the Mohe reach of the Heilongjiang River from 2015 to 2018, we analyzed the relationships between the blasting-crater diameter and water depth below the ice and between the blasting-crater diameter and the explosive-placement depth below the ice. Further, we analyzed the functional relationship between the explosive weight of a single blast hole and the blasting-crater diameter. Based on the above analysis we proposed an equation to calculate the minimum blasting cost for the same blasting effect. Using a 5-km section of the Heilongjiang River as an example, the proposed optimization method can save ~46% of the total blasting cost while achieving the same blasting effect. Through prototype observations of the Longdao Wharf and the Shengdan Village sections of the Mohe reach, Heilongjiang River, we confirmed that ice blasting can significantly accelerate the melting of ice. Moreover, data records showed that no significant ice-jam flooding has occurred in this section of the Heilongjiang River during the spring ice breakup period in the past five years of consecutive blasting.

Assessments of Impacts of Climate and Forest Change on Water Resources Using SWAT Model in a Subboreal Watershed in Northern Da Hinggan Mountains

Water resources from rivers are essential to humans. The discharge of rivers is demonstrated to be significantly affected by climate change in the literature, particularly in the boreal and subboreal climate zones. The Da Hinggan Mountains in subboreal northeast China form the headwaters of the Heilongjiang River and the Nenjiang River, which are important water resources for irrigation of downstream agriculture and wetlands. In this study, long-term (44 years) hydrologic, climate and forest dynamics data from the Tahe were analyzed using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model to quantify the effects of climate and forest change on runoff depth. Meanwhile, downscaled precipitation and temperature predictions that arose from global climate models (GCMs) under four representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5) were forced using the SWAT model to investigate the climate change impacts on the Tahe River flows in the future. The results indicated that compared with the 1972–1982 period, the forest biomass in the 1984–1994 period was reduced by 17.6%, resulting in an increase of 16.6% in mean annual runoff depth. On the contrary, with reforestation from the 1995–2005 period to the 2006–2016 period, the mean forest biomass was increased by 9.8%, resulting in the mean runoff depth reduction of 11.9%. The tree species composition shift reduced mean annual runoff depth of 13.3% between the 1984–1994 period and the 2006–2016 period. Compared with base years (2006–2016), projections of GCM in the middle of the 21st century indicated that both mean annual temperature and precipitation were expected to increase by −0.50 °C and 43 mm under RCP 2.6, 0.38 °C and 23 mm under RCP 4.5, 0.67 °C and 36 mm under RCP 6.0 and 1.00 °C and 10 mm under RCP 8.5. Simulated results of the SWAT model showed that annual runoff depth would increase by 18.1% (RCP 2.6), 11.8% (RCP 4.5), 23.6% (RCP 6.0), and 11.5% (RCP 8.5), compared to the base years. Such increased runoff was mainly attributed to the increase in April, July, August, September and October, which were consistent with the precipitation prediction. We concluded that the future climate change will increase the water resources from the river, thereby offsetting the possible decline in runoff caused by the forest recovery. The findings of this study might be useful for understanding the impacts of climate and forest change on runoff and provide a reasonable strategy for managers and planners to mitigate the impact of future climate change on water resources in the subboreal forested watersheds.

Statistical analysis of tailings ponds in China

While tailings wastes have attracted public concern in China, the knowledge of their numbers, distribution, land occupation, perimeter, and altitude is incomplete. Based on statistics and geographic information system (GIS) method, the present study investigated 5189 of tailings ponds (TPs) in order to understand the present situation of tailings in China. Overall, this study revealed that the occupied land of TPs is about 1884.0 km2, average altitude is 699.4 m, and the strip between the tailings wastes and soil accumulated to 14,674.4 km. This is harmful to the security of closed biomes community. Besides, TPs are widely scattered, especially, the distribute density which ranges from 0.009 to 0.05/km2 are located in the northern Hebei Province, Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula and western Henan province. In terms of watershed for TPs, the ascending order is Huaihe River, Heilongjiang River, Pearl River, Liaohe River, Yellow River, Yangtze River, Haihe River; and the land usage is Huaihe River < Pearl River < Liaohe River < Heilongjiang River < Yangtze River < Haihe River < Yellow River. In a nutshell, tailings wastes should be considered a huge environmental threat in China.

Analysis of Characteristics of Temperature Changes in Heilongjiang River Basin

As an international river, the climate change research in Heilongjiang River Basin can provide references for sino-Russia cooperation in tackling climate change. Using the long-term daily measured data from 44 meteorological stations in the Heilongjiang River Basin, the spatial-temporal characteristics of the temperature in the past 59 years were analyzed. The results show that the temperature in the Heilongjiang River Basin has increased significantly and passed the significance test of 0.99. The abrupt change occurred in 1986. The climate change also showed multiple cyclical changes of 16-years, 8-years, and 4-years. The spatial distribution of the annual average temperature of the river basin is generally gradually decreasing from the south to the north as the latitude rises. There is also a spatial difference in the annual temperature increase, but all of the basin have passed the significance test of 99%.

Quantifying the Relative Importance of Climate Change and Human Activities on Selected Wetland Ecosystems in China

Climate change and human activities are important factors driving changes in wetland ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to quantitatively characterize the relative importance of these stressors in wetlands. Previous such analyses have generally not distinguished between wetland types, or have focused on individual wetland types. In this study, three representative wetland areas of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River Basin (HRB) were selected as the study area. An object-based classification was used with Landsat TM data to extract the spatial distribution of wetland in 1990, 2000 and 2010. We then quantified the relative importance of climate change and human activities on the wetlands by using the R package “relaimpo” package. The results indicated that: (1) the effects of human activities on wetland changes were greater (contribution rate of 63.57%) than climate change in the HRB. Specifically, there were differences in the relative importance of climate change and human activities for wetlands in different regions. Wetlands of the upper reaches were more affected by climate change, while wetlands in the middle and lower reaches were more affected by human activities; (2) climate change had a greater impact (contribution rate of 65.72%) on low intensity wetland loss, while human activities had a greater impact on moderate and severe intensity wetland loss, with respective contribution rates of 57.22% and 70.35%; (3) climate change had a larger effect on the shrub and forested wetland changes, with respective contribution rates of 58.33% and 52.58%. However, human activities had a larger effect on herbaceous wetland changes, with a contribution rate of 72.28%. Our study provides a useful framework for wetland assessment and management, and could be a useful tool for developing wetland utilization and protection approaches, particularly in sensitive environments in mid- and high-latitude areas.

Design and Application of High-Precision Temperature Measuring Instrument for Ice Cover Profile of River Based on the Resistance Residual Compensation Method

Based on the temperature characteristics of the air, ice and water in the vertical direction of the river ice cover, an automatic temperature measuring instrument for ice cover profile was designed. The sensor used NTC thermistor as a temperature detection unit. In order to improve the actual detection accuracy of the sensor units in a wide temperature range [223.15 K (-50°C), 293.15 K (20°C)], a calibrating method of the thermistor using the resistance residual compensation method was proposed and compared with the existing seven calibration methods. The results show that the accuracy of the calibrated temperature sensor units can reach 0.1 K in the testing range, which can satisfy the accuracy requirements in thermodynamics research of ice cover profile. We further designed a temperature measuring instrument and carried out a deployment of the instrument and in-situ observation of data in cold region of the upstream of Heilongjiang River in late December 2017. The evolution process of ice thickness was analysed and discussed by the collected data. It can be proved that this instrument is an effective scheme for intelligent detection of river ice environment in cold regions.

Multi-sensors monitoring method on ice and snow parameters in upstream of Heilongjiang, the northernmost river of China

Aiming at the dynamic monitoring of the ice cover during the river frozen period in cold region, a real-time snow and ice parameters monitoring system based on the characteristic difference of electrical conductivity, temperature and light intensity was designed, which was used to detect the ice thickness and snow depth in the vertical section direction of the ice cover. In order to obtain the accurate measuring results under the low-temperature, a temperature residual compensation method was proposed to calibrate all of the thermistor units within a wide temperature range from −50 °C to 20 °C. We deployed this system at the testing site of the upstream of Heilongjiang River from 2013 to 2016. The results show the multi-sensors can clearly distinguish the interface of water/ice, ice/snow and snow/air, and the evolution process of ice thickness and snow depth can also be obtained, which are basically consistent with the manual observation results.

Population structure, demographic history and local adaptation of the grass carp

BackgroundGenetic diversity within a species reflects population evolution, ecology, and ability to adapt. Genome-wide population surveys of both natural and introduced populations provide insights into genetic diversity, the evolutionary processes and the genetic basis underlying local adaptation. Grass carp is the most important freshwater foodfish species for food and water weed control. However, there is as yet no overall picture on genetic variations and population structure of this species, which is important for its aquaculture.ResultsWe used 43,310 SNPs to infer the population structure, evidence of local adaptation and sources of introduction. The overall genetic differentiation of this species was low. The native populations were differentiated into three genetic clusters, corresponding to the Yangtze, Pearl and Heilongjiang River Systems, respectively. The populations in Malaysia, India and Nepal were introduced from both the Yangtze and Pearl River Systems. Loci and genes involved in putative local selection for native locations were identified. Evidence of both positive and balancing selection was found in the introduced locations. Genes associated with loci under putative selection were involved in many biological functions. Outlier loci were grouped into clusters as genomic islands within some specific genomic regions, which likely agrees with the divergence hitchhiking scenario of divergence-with-gene-flow.ConclusionsThis study, for the first time, sheds novel insights on the population differentiation of the grass carp, genetics of its strong ability in adaption to diverse environments and sources of some introduced grass carp populations. Our data also suggests that the natural populations of the grass carp have been affected by the aquaculture besides neutral and adaptive forces.

Comparative analysis of embryonic muscle development in wildtype zebrafish and its intermuscular bone deficiency mutant

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 肌间刺缺失突变对斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中肌肉发育的影响 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 上海海洋大学, 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306;2. 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150070 作者简介: 杨建(1987-),男,博士研究生,主要从事鱼类遗传育种的研究.E-mail:last0templar@126.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S917 基金项目: 中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目（2016HY-ZD0301）. Comparative analysis of embryonic muscle development in wildtype zebrafish and its intermuscular bone deficiency mutant Author: Affiliation: 1. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2. Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为阐明肌间刺缺失对斑马鱼（、）在囊胚期（3 hpf，hours post fertilization）、原肠胚期（6 hpf）、体节期（12 hpf）、咽囊期（24 hpf）和孵化期（72 hpf）5个发育时期的表达情况，对比分析了肌间刺缺失对斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中肌肉发育特异性基因的时序表达差异和肌肉发育的影响，以及对受精率、孵化率和畸形率的影响。结果显示，5个特异性基因在肌间刺缺失突变型与野生型斑马鱼各发育时期的表达量无显著性差异（、基因在囊胚期和原肠胚期表达量很低，在体节期和咽囊期表达量迅速升高，并在孵化期开始下降。此外，受精率、孵化率和畸形率的统计结果显示，肌间刺突变型与野生型间亦无显著性差异（>0.05）。综上，推测肌间刺的缺失对斑马鱼胚胎发育及胚胎发育过程中肌肉的发育没有影响。 Abstract:In order to explore the difference in embryonic muscle development between an intermuscular bone (Imb) deficiency mutant and wildtype zebrafish, we used a qRT-PCR method to analyze the expression of 5 muscle-specific genes, including , in the development stages blastula (3 hpf, hours post fertilization), gastrula (6 hpf), segmentation (12 hpf), pharyngula (24 hpf), and hatching period (72 hpf), and discussed the impact of Imb's deficiency on muscle development during embryonic development. Furthermore, the differences in fertilization rate, hatching, and abnormal rate of larvae were assessed. The results showed that the expression of genes were elevated in the gastrula stage, and downregulated in the segmentation and pharyngula stages; the expression levels of in the blastula and gastrula stages were extremely low, and were upregulated significantly in the segmentation and pharyngula stages before being downregulated in the hatching period. The results also showed that there were no significant differences in 5 muscle-specific genes' expression between the wildtype zebrafish and its Imb deficiency mutant. Additionally, no significant difference in fertilization rate, hatching, and abnormal rate occurred between the two Imb phenotypes. In summary, the deletion of Imb do not impact muscle development or the survival of embryos during embryonic development of zebrafish. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Temporal-spatial characteristics of lipea gene expression in Cyprinus carpio and its correlation with fat deposition

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 鲤lipea基因表达的时空特征及与脂肪沉积相关性分析 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 上海海洋大学, 农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室, 上海 201306;2. 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所, 淡水鱼类育种国家地方联合工程实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150070 作者简介: 党红阳(1995-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产生物技术.E-mail:danghongyang95@163.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S965 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31302174）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费（2015C04XK01）；国家水产种质资源共享服务平台项目（2018DKA30470）. Temporal-spatial characteristics of lipea gene expression in Cyprinus carpio and its correlation with fat deposition Author: Affiliation: 1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2. National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:本文旨在克隆鲤（）基因，探究其时空表达特征及其与脂肪沉积的关系，以期为鲤脂肪沉积分子调控机制研究奠定理论基础。本实验采用RACE技术克隆获得鲤基因，其cDNA全长为3379 bp，包括230 bp的5'非翻译区（5'-UTR）、1067 bp的3'非翻译区（3'-UTR）和编码693个氨基酸的开放阅读框。多序列比对显示，鲤Oncorhynchus mykiss）的氨基酸序列相似性分别为88.17%、64.94%和63.35%，不同物种间序列差异主要集中在C-端的多肽序列上。蛋白质结构分析显示该蛋白含有3个功能域分别具有脂肪酶活性、乙酰基水解酶活性和水解酶活性。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了在各组织中均有表达，腹腔脂肪中相对表达量最高，其次是腹部肌肉，血液中最少。随着胚胎的发育，表达量与背部肌肉脂肪含量呈正相关，但差异不显著（基因对鲤腹腔脂肪沉积可能具有抑制作用。本实验结果可为进一步解析鲤基因的功能和基因调控脂肪沉积分子机制研究提供参考。 Abstract:The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression pattern of Cyprinus carpio), to lay the foundation for studying and understanding the molecular regulation mechanism of fat deposition in common carp. In this study, a full-length cDNA sequence of gene in common carp was cloned by reverse transcription PCR and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology, and the expression pattern of gene in different tissues of common carp and during its different developmental stages. cDNA of the gene of common carp was 3379 bp, with an open reading frame of 2079 bp, 5' untranslated region was 230 bp, 3' untranslated region was 1067 bp, encoding 693 amino acids. Multiple sequences alignment revealed that the amino acid sequences of Paralichthys olivaceus, and , respectively. It was determined that the sequence differences were mainly concentrated on the C-terminal polypeptide sequence between different species, and the structural analysis of proteins showed that the protein contains three functional domains with lipase activity, acetyl hydrolase activity, and hydrolase activity, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the gene was expressed in all tested tissues, and the relative expression level was the highest in visceral fat, followed by abdominal muscles, and lowest in the blood. Its expression declined during the development of embryo; it was the highest in the 8-cell stage, followed by the late blastula stage. It was the lowest in the feeding period. The mRNA expression in different fat tissues negatively correlated with adipose tissue in the abdominal cavity; the highest and the lowest expression levels differed significantly (<0.01). The expression also positively correlated with dorsal muscle but it was not significant ( gene highlights its function and molecular regulation mechanism of fat development in common carp. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献