Bud Height Research Articles

Exploring the density and morphology of coconut structures at two locations: a time-based analysis using computer tomography.

The study aimed to observe the internal structure of coconuts from two locations (coastal and non-coastal) using computed tomography (CT). Seventy-six mature coconuts were collected from Wenchang and Ding'an cities in Hainan Province. These coconuts were scanned four times using CT, with a two-week interval between each scan. CT data were post-processed to reconstruct two-dimensional slices and three-dimensional models. The density and morphological parameters of coconut structures were measured, and the differences in these characteristics between the two groups and the changes over time were analyzed. Time and location had interactive effects on CT values of embryos, solid endosperms and mesocarps, morphological information such as major axis of coconut, thickness of mesocarp, volume of coconut water and height of bud (p<0.05). Planting location and observation time can affect the density and morphology of some coconut structures.

Plant Growth Regulator-based Tissue Culture System Optimization for Cymbidium faberi Rolfe

Cymbidium faberi, a member of the Cymbidium genus known for its fragrant blooms and graceful foliage, has recently become endangered in the wild due to reproductive challenges. This study aimed to establish systematically a tissue culture system for Cymbidium faberi Rolfe (wild species) by evaluating the effects of various plant growth regulators its propagation stages, including rhizome proliferation, differentiation, shoot strengthening, and rooting. The results showed that 0.5 mg·L−1 thidiazuron significantly promoted rhizome proliferation, achieving a proliferation coefficient of 6.08 after 60 days of culture. For adventitious bud induction, 1.92 mg·L−1 brassinolide was most effective, inducing 6.43 buds per rhizome with an average bud height of 5.25 mm after 90 days of culture. The optimal strategy for shoot growth was using 3.0 mg·L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, resulting in an average shoot height of 6.47 cm after 60 days. The highest rooting rate of 87.5% was achieved with 0.5 mg·L−1 zeatin, producing an average of 3.5 roots per shoot with an average root length of 3.06 cm. This study successfully developed a propagation system for C. faberi and highlighted the significant role of BL in promoting rhizome differentiation. In conclusion, this study provides a robust propagation method to support the conservation and industrial development of C. faberi.

Inovasi Grafting Mangga Dodol (Mangifera indica L.) Berdasarkan Tipe Mata Tunas dan Panjang Entres

The research was conducted to determine the effect of selecting the type of entres length and bud eyes in grafting dodol mango (Mangifera indica L) on the process of bud initiation, bud height, and leaf width. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial pattern. The first treatment is the type of entres length, namely 7 cm (P1), 10 cm (P2) and 13 cm (P3) while the second treatment is the type of bud eye of the entres, namely without bud eye (M1), 1 bud eye (M2) and 2 bud eyes (M3). Based on the type of bud eye, treatments P2 and P3 showed a better effect than P1 on the bud initiation process and leaf width parameters. While in the measurement of bud height, P3 treatment showed a better effect than P2 and P1. Meanwhile, in terms of the type of buds, treatments M2 and M3 had a better effect than M1 on the process of bud initiation, bud height and leaf width. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was an interaction between the type of length and the type of bud eye on all three parameters.

Adjustment to Pubertal Changes among Adolescent Girls

Background and Objectives: Adolescence is the transitional stage of life from childhood to adulthood characterized by puberty. Dramatic physical, physiological, hormonal, and emotional changes occur, which are exciting as well as frightening at the same time. The objective of this study was to find out the adjustment of adolescent girls towards pubertal changes.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the adjustment toward pubertal changes among adolescent girls studying in Grades 8, 9, and 10. A proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to collect the samples, and a self-administered structured questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data.&#x0D; Results: All the respondents had experienced a rapid increase in height, weight, and development of breast bud, almost all (92.8%) had experienced pubic hair growth, the majority (85.6%) had experienced axillary hair growth, and three-fourths (76%) had experienced pimples on the face. Most (88.8%) of the respondents had received pre-information about pubertal changes. During menarche, more than two-thirds (68.0%) were restricted from worshipping, 20.8% were restricted from seeing or talking to male family members, 17.6% were restricted from cooking and doing household work, and 16.0% were kept in a separate room or neighbor’s house. Nearly three-fourths (74.4%) of the respondents used sanitary pads during their menarche. Similarly, more than three-fourths (77.6%) of the respondents experienced problems during menarche, and the majority (80.4%) had lower abdominal pain. Regarding emotional changes, nearly two-thirds (63.2%) had frequent mood swings, and nearly half (45.6%) shared their feelings with family members and friends.&#x0D; Conclusion: Almost all the respondents have adjusted well to the pubertal changes, but restriction during menarche is still prevalent which needs to be addressed for respectful care during menstruation.

Effects of different phosphorus levels on tiller bud development in hydroponic Phyllostachys edulis seedlings.

An appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer can improve the germination rate of bamboo buds and increase the bamboo shoot output. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of phosphate fertilizer in bamboo shoot development have not been systematically reported. Herein, the effects of low (LP, 1μM), normal (NP, 50μM) and high (HP, 1000μM) phosphorus (P) on the growth and development of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) tiller buds were first investigated. Phenotypically, the seedling biomass, average number of tiller buds and bud height growth rate under the LP and HP treatments were significantly lower than those under the NP treatment. Next, the microstructure difference of tiller buds in the late development stage (S4) at three P levels was analyzed. The number of internode cells and vascular bundles were significantly lower in the LP treatments than in the NP treatments. The relative expression levels of eight P transport genes, eight hormone-related genes and four bud development genes at the tiller bud developmental stage (S2-S4) and the tiller bud re-tillering stage were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the expression trends for most P transport genes, hormone-related genes and bud development genes from S2 to S4 were diversified at different P levels, and the expression levels were also different at different P levels. In the tiller bud re-tillering stage, the expression levels of seven P transport genes and six hormone-related genes showed a downward trend with increasing P level. REV expression level decreased under LP and HP conditions. TB1 expression level increased under HP condition. Therefore, we conclude that P deficiency inhibits tiller bud development and re-tillering, and that P depends on the expression of REV and TB1 genes and auxin, cytokinin and strigolactones synthesis and transporter genes to mediate tiller bud development and re-tillering.

Effects of β-alanine on intestinal development and immune performance of weaned piglets.

Beta-alanine is an important amino acid involved in several metabolic reactions in the body. The study aimed to investigate the effect of β-alanine supplementation on intestinal development and the immune performance of weaned piglets. Thirty-two 21-day-old healthy weaned piglets (half female and half male; Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an initial body weight of 8.11±0.21kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 1 pig each. The control group was fed a basal diet and the three experimental treatment groups were fed diets supplemented with 300, 600 and 1,200mg/kg β-alanine, respectively. The trial lasted 28 days and the diets fed were divided into 2 phases: the late lactation period (day 1 to 14) and the nursery period (day 15 to 28), during which the weaned piglets had free access to food and water. The regulatory effects of β-alanine were further investigated invitro using organoids obtained from the jejunum of piglets. Invivo, the addition of β-alanine to the diet had no significant effect on the growth performance of weaned piglets (P>0.05), but significantly reduced serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P<0.01), immunoglobulin M (IgM) (P=0.005), and complement 3 (C3) (P=0.017). The serum interleukin- 6 (IL-6) levels (P<0.01) were significantly reduced in the 1,200mg/kg treatment group. The addition of β-alanine increased ileal villus height, with the most significant effect at a concentration of 300mg/kg (P=0.041). The addition of 600mg/kg β-alanine significantly up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P=0.020) and the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) gene (P=0.049) in the jejunum. Diets supplemented with 300mg/kg β-alanine significantly increased the number of Ki67 positive cells in the jejunal crypts (P<0.01). Invitro, β-alanine increased the organoid budding rates (P=0.001) and the budding height of the crypt significantly (P=0.004). In conclusion, β-alanine can improve intestinal morphology and barrier function, reduce inflammatory responses and alleviate the adverse effects of weaning stress on piglet intestinal health.

MAINTAINING THE QUALITY OF CARNATION CUT FLOWERS DEPENDING ON TEMPERATURE

In the assortment of cut flowers, carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) fall in the first places, with a large number of varieties, of various colors, being appreciated on the cut flowers market. Carnations flowers that cannot be sold immediately after harvest, being a time of year when the market offers an abundance of cut flower species, they are prone to rapid depreciation under normal environmental conditions. Carnation is an important ornamental plant, which is used as a potted plant as well as a cut flower. One factor that influences the shelf life is temperature. From the flowering stage to the total depreciation of the inflorescence, it plays an important role. In this experiment, the flowers were harvested on two different dates for about a month. The temperatures at which the varieties were kept had 6 graduations (from 10 to 22 °C). The parameters followed were: bud height, corolla height above the calyx, bud diameter and flower stem length. Storing flowers in water at 4 °C for 6 to 15 days, did not increase the diameter of the flower bud. In flowers kept at 22 °C for 6 days, the values of several parameters of cell senescence fell below the values of fresh flowers. However, in flowers kept at 4 °C there was no expected slow decrease in these parameters, but rather an increase above the levels found in fresh flowers. We conclude that storage at low temperatures has effects on carnation cut flowers, other than slowing down the aging process.

In vitro culture conditions for asymbiotic germination and seedling development of Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. and Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br.

• Positive influence of MM medium on germination of A. pyramidalis and G. conopsea was determined. • Germination was influenced by full darkness and nutrient medium enriched with organic aditives. • In seedling growth, 2iP initiated the formation of the aboveground part of G. conopsea. • In A. pyramidalis, Kin initiated the leaf formation, while Ba promote root formation. Protocols for asymbiotic seed germination and seedling development of two terrestrial orchid species – Gimnadenia conopsea and Anacamptis pyramidalis are presented in this paper. Detail examination covered nutrient media: Knudson C (KC) and Malmgren (MM); organic supplements: coconut water (CW), pineapple juice (PJ), peptone (PE), casein hydrolysate (CA) and glutamine (A); different lighting conditions – 0/24 Light / Dark (L / D) and 16/8 (L / D) as well as cytokinins: 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin), and 6- (γ, γ-dimethylallylamino) purines (2 -iP) aiming to assess asymbiotic seed germination in controlled in vitro conditions, to define the optimal protocol for their mass propagation. The obtained results indicate that the nutrient medium MM and conditions of complete darkness encourage seed germination in both investigated species, while the organic supplements amendment resulted in a shortened period necessary for seed germination as well as a significantly higher percentage of germination. In Gymnadenia conopsea , the highest percentage of germination (73,79%) accompanied by the highest embryo/protocorm morphometric characteristics (1.40 mm average height, 1.21 mm average width, and 0.30 mm average shoot height) was achieved on MM-CW nutrient medium. A similar result was observed for Anacamptis pyramidalis with 69,88% germinated seeds on MM-CW nutrient medium, while the highest morphometric values were 1.10 mm (on MM-CW) for height, 1.00 mm (on MM-PE) for width and 0.57 mm (on MM-PE) for bud height. On the contrary, the results obtained on nutrient medium KC and under the 16/8 L / D lighting conditions indicate the inhibitory effect of these conditions on the seeds germination in examined species. A experiment with chitokinin treatments indicates that the best result in G. conopsea was achieved on the medium with the addition of 0.3 mg L −1 2iP with 5.33 mm for plant height, 1,13 root numbers and 12.26 mm root lenght, while in A. pyramidalis 0.3 mg L −1 Kin emerged as the most suitable for the development of the upper part of the plant (3.33 mm), while the medium enriched with 0.3 mg L −1 BA had a positive effect on the formation of the root system.

INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL PRUNING ON AGRONOMIC PARAMETERS OF SAVANNAH TEA (LIPPIA MULTIFLORA L., VERBENACEAE) IN YAMOUSSOUKRO, CENTRAL COTE DIVOIRE

On Yamoussoukro autonomous district, a study on the ability of Lippia multiflora L. (Verbenaceae) to shoot and grow was carried out at six soil height levels: 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm. The objectif was to determine the favourable levels of pruning for better leaf production. From 28 samples grouped in 7 batches, the pruning was carried out. After 3 months of vegetation, the agronomic parameters of vigour were determined. The results showed that various growth parameters such as number of buds, number of leaves per bud, bud height, leaf length and width as well as budding time and leaf span were measured. Receiving levels at 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm from the ground resulted in good leaf production and bud growth.

Horn bud size of dairy-bred and suckler-bred calves at time of disbudding

BackgroundHot-iron disbudding is a common management procedure to prevent horn growth in calves. The study objective was to examine effect of age, breed and sex on horn bud size of dairy-bred and suckler-bred calves at time of disbudding.ResultsThe left and right horn bud size (diameter and height in mm) of 279 calves, including dairy-bred Holstein-Friesian (Male (M) = 88) and 191 suckler-bred (86 Charolais, CH; (M = 39, Female (F) = 47), 67 Limousin, LM; (M = 32, F = 35) and 38 Simmental, SI; (M = 22, F = 16) sired)) was measured using a digital calliper at time of disbudding. Calves were retrospectively assigned to two age categories at time of disbudding: 1), 14 to 28 days (d) old and 2), 29 to 60 d old. Holstein-Friesian M calves had a greater horn bud diameter (16.97 v.14.45 mm) and height (7.79 v. 5.00 mm) compared to suckler-bred M calves (P < 0.01), with no difference (P > 0.05) among the suckler-bred calves. Suckler-bred M calves had a greater horn bud diameter (14.46 vs 13.29 mm) and height (5.01 vs 3.88 mm) compared to suckler-bred F calves (P < 0.05).The slopes of the lines of best fit show that horn bud diameter and height increased with age (P < 0.05) for HF, SI male and CH female calves while there was no relationship with age (P > 0.05) for CH and LM male calves, or for SI and LM female calves. Linear regression of age with diameter and with height for each breed and sex showed high variability in the data as indicated by R-squared values ranging from 0.003–0.41 indicating that in the case of the diameter and the height, the weight of the fitting effect was poor.ConclusionsCalf age is not a good predictor of horn bud size and recommendations for the disbudding of calves should be based on horn bud size and not on age. The implications of these findings are that calves should be disbudded while horn development is still at the bud stage and when the bud is large enough to be easily palpable/visible, but not so large that disbudding could lead to severe tissue trauma.

PENGARUH TARAF KONSENTRASI ATONIK DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP PERTUNASAN RIMPANG JAHE GAJAH ( Zingiber officinale Rose.)

This research intends to know the effect of the atonic concentration level in a soak of growing budding jahe Gajah rhizome. This research is experiment methods used to block multiple random designs and used atonic concentration 0,04%, 0,06%, 0,08% and soak duration 1 hours, 3 hours and 5 hours- The result of research indicated that 0,08% atonic concentration use and 3 hours soak duration caused time for budded better. No real effects of Atonic concentration on the amount of bud, the height of bud, length and amount of root.

Induksi Tunas Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L) Varietas Kasturi 2 dengan Variasi Konsentrasi BAP secara In Vitro

Tembakau Kasturi 2 merupakan tembakau khas Jember yang memiliki produktifitas relatif tinggi. Perbanyakan secara generatif cenderung menghasilkan bibit yang kurang seragam sehingga dikembangkan dengan teknik kultur jaringan. Dalam kultur jaringan, penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh memberikan pengaruh yang nyata.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi ZPT BAP terhadap induksi tunas tembakau varietas Kasturi 2. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2018 hingga Desember 2018 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Politeknik Negeri Jember. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu penambahan BAP dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, dan 5 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan BAP 2 ppm merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk induksi tunas tembakau Kasturi 2 dengan kedinian bertunas 12,17 hari setelah inokulasi, eksplan bertunas 100%, rerata jumlah tunas 47,50 buah per eksplan dan rerata tinggi tunas 1,42 cm.

PENGARUH ARANG AKTIF, BENZILADENIN, DAN KINETIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TUNAS JATI SOLOMON (Tectona grandis Linn. f) IN VITRO

Tissue culture techniques can be used for propagation of uniformaly large teak solomon seeds.The purpose of this research was knowing the effect of activated charcoal, the addition of benzyladenine (BA) and combination of BA with 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) to the growth of shoots of solomon teak in vitro. The solomon teak explants used were singlestem cuttings from aseptic shoots obtained from in vitro cultures. This research was conducted in laboratory with complete randomized design with 3 replications. The experimental treatment was a single factor consisting of basic MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), with 6 treatments: MS without growth regulator (control), MS without growth regulator + 2 g/l activated charcoal, MS + 0,1 m/l BA , MS + 0,2 m/l BA, MS + 0,1 m/l BA + 0,1 m/l kinetin and MS + 0,2 m/l BA + 0,1 m/l kinetin. Observation on the number of books/ shoots, number of leaves/ shoots, shoot/ bud height and visual apperance of culture was taken at 8 weeks after planting. The data were analyzed for variety and continue the separation of the LSD at 5% level. The results showed that in general, all six treatments could be used for propagation of in vitro teak solomon (Tectona grandis Linn. f) and produced at least 6,22 books/ shoots every 8 weeks. The best media were MS medium + 0,1 m/l BA and MS + 0,1 m/1 BA + 0,1 m/l kinetin, because it able to produce 7,78 books/ shoots. The highest number of leaves was obtained at the treatment of MS + 0,1 m/l BA, while the average shoots/ shoots produced were not different for all.

Продуктивність та економічна оцінка вирощування двопровідникових саджанців яблуні залежно від висоти окулірування і способу створення двох провідників

Продуктивність та економічна оцінка вирощування двопровідникових саджанців яблуні залежно від висоти окулірування і способу створення двох провідників

Pengaruh konsentrasi dan lama perendaman zpt daging keong mas (pomacea canaliculata l.) terhadap pertumbuhan stek lada (piper nigrum l.)

To improve the quality of pepper products through organic cultivation using organic growth regulators. This Research aims to investigate concentration and long immersion effect of golden snail meat (Pomacea canaliculata L.) on the growth of pepper cuttings (Piper nigrum L.). the method was experimental with a randomized block design (RAK) Factorial design with two factors namely various golden snail meat concentrations and long immersion ranging from several hours. The parameters observed in this study was Growth Percentage (%), Bud Height (cm), Number of Leaves (Strands), Root Length (cm), and Root Volume (ml). The results showed that the treatment of snail meat zpt concentration did not significantly affect the shoot height parameters but significantly affected the percentage of growth, number of leaves, root length and root volume where the effective zpt concentration was 50%. The long immersion treatment significantly affected the percentage of growth and shoot height where the best treatment at w1 was 3 hours’ immersion. The treatment combination of ZPT golden snail meat (Pomacea canaliculata L.) and long immersion did not significantly affect all observations parameters.

Effects of Temperature on Seed Germination of Invasive Plant Rorippa amphbia (L.) Besser

Aims: Global warming and biological invasion are major environmental issues faced in the world. In the study, Rorippa amphibia, a perennial invasive clone plant in northern China, was used as a material to study the germination characteristics of the seeds at different temperatures.&#x0D; Study Design: Germination test of R. amphibia seeds at different temperature was studied by means of laboratory culture. The germination percentage, germination index, germination potential, bud height and root length of the seeds were determined.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from the west side of the swimming pool of Shenyang Agricultural University of Liaoning Province in August 2017. Experiments were done in the College of Biological Science and Technology, between October 2017 and June 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: The petri dish method was used in the experiment. Fifty seeds were randomly selected and soaked in distilled water for 12h. The seeds were placed in a petri dish covered with double filter paper, cultured at 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃ and 40℃ in light incubators for 12h darkness and 12h light (4000lux), with 3 repeats per processing. Seed germination was based on embryo root breakthrough seed coat ≥ 1 mm. During the experiment, the numbers of seed germination were recorded every day, and the filter paper was kept moist until there was no new seed germination for 2 consecutive days, which was regarded as the end of germination. The numbers of seed germination should be counted regularly every day, and the beginning and duration of germination should be recorded. The germination rate, daily germination rate, germinating potential, germinating index and vigor index of R. amphibia seeds at different temperature were calculated by measuring bud height and radicle length on the 10th day after germination.&#x0D; Results: The temperature range of seed germination of R. amphibia was wide, which could germinate at 15 - 40℃. Lower temperature delayed the peak period of seed germination at some extent and the germination rates of R. amphibia peak at 30 - 35℃, which were 44.67% and 50% respectively. At 35℃, germination potential and germination index were 25.33% and 29.46, reaching the maximum value.&#x0D; Conclusion: The reason for the wide temperature range of seed germination and the low germination rate might be the candidate method for clonal plant population establishment in temperate zone. The higher germination rate of high temperature condition suggested that clone invasive plants in temperate regions were more invasive during global warming.

Effect of BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine) Concentration on Growth Micro Cutting of Nepenthes ampullaria

Conventionally, cultivations of Nepenthes are conducted by using seeds, cutting, and filial separation. However, there are many obstacles come both from time and technical aspect. In vitro culture is an alternative way for cultivating N. ampullaria (Jack,). One of a technique of in vitro culture is micro cutting. BAP (6-benzyl amino purine) growth regulator could be added to optimize the growth of N. ampullaria microcutting. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of BAP on the growth of Nepenthes microcutting. This research was done experimentally using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). BAP treatment consisted of 5 concentrations: 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 (ppm), each treatment were multiplied 4 times. The parameters observed were: a time of bud initiation, time of root initiation, total of leaves, total of new buds, total of roots, length of leave, length of root, and height of bud. The data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA (Analisis of Variance) and continued with 5% and 1% LSD (Least Significant Different) test. The result showed that addition of BAP affected the growth of N. ampullaria microcutting in total leaves, length of leave, and total of buds. LSD test proved that 0.57 ppm of BAP was optimal concentration to increase total buds, whit the value reached of 3.86. Here, we found that BAP can be utilized to enhanche N. ampullaria growth on in vitro culture. The benefit of this study is to conserve N. ampullaria in vitro using BAP at 0.57 ppm.

Multiplicação in vitro de Codonanthe devosiana

Codonanthe devosiana is a species endemic to Brazil belonging to the family Gesneriaceae. It features ornamental potential for use in hanging pots and shaded environments. The aim is to evaluate the effects of the combination of different concentrations of BAP and GA3 on the multiplication and development of in vitro explants of C. devosiana. We used MS media supplemented with concentrations of 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg L-1 of BAP and 0.0, 0.25 and 0.50 mg L-1 of GA3 . The number, bud dry matter and height, callus dry matter and presence of roots were evaluated in agglomerates with multiple buds. The interaction between BAP and GA3 concentrations was verified for number of shoots, shoot dry matter and callus dry matter. For shoot height and root formation, only BAP concentrations were observed. The highest number of shoots (4.8) occurred when combined with the concentration of BAP 0.2 mg L-1 and 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 . The lowest shoot height was observed without the use of BAP, as well as the greatest rooting. It is concluded that the combination of 0.2 mg L-1 of BAP with 0.5 mg L-1 of GA3 allows for a more efficient multiplication of C. devosiana explants

Потовщення штамба і апікальний ріст двопровідникових саджанців яблуні сорту Флоріна залежно від висоти окулірування і способу створення двох провідників

Потовщення штамба і апікальний ріст двопровідникових саджанців яблуні сорту Флоріна залежно від висоти окулірування і способу створення двох провідників

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PUPUK UREA DAN APLIKASI HERBISIDA PRA-TUMBUH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) DAN GULMA DI PEMBIBITAN

A Research was carried out at green house of Agriculture Faculty of Sriwijaya University from October 2010 to January 2011 using split-split plot design. Main plot were pre-emergence herbicides : H 0 = no preemergence herbicide treatment (control), H 1 = preemergence herbicide of methyl metsulfuron, and H 2 = preemergence herbicide of ametryn. Subplot were dose of urea fertilizers : U 0 = no urea fertilizer treatment (control), U 1 = 2 gram of urea fertilizer per plant, and U 2 = 4 gram of urea fertilizer per plant. Sub-sub plot were preemergence dosages : D 0 = 0 liter formulation per ha, D 1 = 1,5 liter formulation per ha, and D 2 = 3,0 liter formulation per ha. Parameters measured were diameter of sleep eye stum, time of bud emergence, height of bud, number of leaves, percentage of growth seedling, weed growth, and efficiency of weed control. Results showed that kind of preemergence herbicides, urea fertilizer dosages, and preemergence herbicide dosages were no significant effect to weed dry weight due to weed growing were relative small. This supposed because soil which used as growth media no enough contain weed propagule, so the following research are need conducted.