Increase In Height Research Articles

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer to Supercritical Pressure Fluid in Tubes with Rough Inner Surface

Abstract The highly corrosive environment inside a Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor places stringent demands on the fuel rod cladding material, particularly requiring it to have strong corrosion resistance. However, within a refueling cycle, an oxide layer is growing on the surface of the fuel rods. In any case, the heat transfer to water under supercritical pressure conditions is an overly complex phenomenon, since the thermophysical properties of the fluid show drastic variations with respect to the temperature around the pseudo-critical temperature. An increase in the surface roughness height has an impact on heat transfer. To provide insight into the effect of surface roughness on heat transfer an experimental database, using the surrogate fluid R134a, covering a range of flow conditions is established. The database consists of reference data, obtained in a conventional hydraulic tube and of data obtained in a tube with an artificially roughened inner surface. In the present work, the impact of the surface roughness on heat transfer is evaluated, comparing the results obtained in the smooth tube, to the results obtained in the tube with rough inner surface. Heat transfer is enhanced when the Reynolds number is large enough and heat transfer deterioration can be suppressed or shifted to larger bulk enthalpy, due to the roughness. Furthermore, existing empirical correlations are assessed against the newly generated experimental database. It is concluded that none of the available correlations satisfactory predicts the experimental data over the entire range of Reynolds numbers, surface roughness and wall-to-bulk temperature ratios.

Numerical Study on Soil‐Arching Behavior in Pile‐Supported Embankments With Pile Settlement by Developed Damping Spring‐Based Trapdoor Model

ABSTRACTSoil arching is one of the main mechanisms for load transfer in pile‐supported embankments, and the soil arching evolution patterns varied significantly depending on fill heights, pile spacings, pile stiffness, and soil stiffness. However, research on the effect of pile settlement on soil arching is relatively scarce, and most studies still use the traditional trapdoor test with a fixed arch foot to examine the soil arching. Therefore, this study establishes numerical models of a damping spring‐based trapdoor that considers pile settlement, and through 52 sets of spring‐based trapdoor tests and 1 set of reference tests, it systematically investigates the effects of various factors such as pile–soil stiffness ratio, fill height, and pile spacing on the soil arching under pile settlement conditions. The research results show that reducing the pile–soil stiffness ratio will reduce differential settlement between piles and soil, but it will exacerbate overall settlement. The stiffness ratio has a significant impact on soil arching: appropriately reducing the pile–soil stiffness ratio will help to recover fill deformation and suppress the formation of passive soil arch; increasing the stiffness ratio will enhance the stability of the soil arching. In addition, when the soft soil stiffness ks is low, pile settlement helps to enhance the soil arching, and the enhancement effect becomes more significant with an increase in fill height H and pile spacing S/a. When ks is high, pile settlement weakens the soil arching, which intensifies with an increase in fill height but weakens with an increase in S/a.

Intra-voxel angular dispersion of fibers in corpus callosum decreases with healthy aging

Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate how the angular dispersion of axonal fibers change during the course of healthy aging. The angular dispersion was derived from the fiber orientation density function (fODF), which was estimated in vivo with a diffusion MRI technique called fiber ball imaging. Intra-voxel angular dispersion of axonal fibers within the corpus callosum at the midline up to the anterior tip of the frontal horn of the lateral ventricles was quantified for a cohort of 63 healthy older adults (ages 45 to 85 years). The splenium, body, and genu of the corpus callosum were examined separately, and fODFs within each of these regions were averaged across voxels to obtain three mean fODFs for each study participant. For all three regions, we found that the angular dispersion, as quantified by the full width of the mean fODF at half its maximum, decreases significantly with age. However, these decreases were not significantly different across the regions. In addition, the heights of the mean fODF peaks increase with age. This reduction in angular dispersion and increase in height implies axons with orientations deviating further from the fODF peak are more likely to be lost in the course of healthy aging. We propose that this is related to the known preferential loss of thinner myelinated axons with increasing age.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Impact of Different Carbon-Based Nanomaterials on Gram (Cicer arietinum) Plant Growth and Soil Properties

The ecology and general public health are badly impacted by the prolonged usage of chemical fertilizers. Applying carbon-based nanomaterials is one of the best options available for accelerating plant growth while reducing harm to the environment. The current study aims to assess the effects of graphene oxides (GO), functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on plant growth and soil nutrient content. To observe the impact on gram plant growth and soil parameters, we synthesized and applied GO, FCNTs, and CNTs at a rate of 100µg/mL (120 g per kg soil) in the corresponding pots. After 90 days of seed sowing, GO-treated crops showed a 41% increase in crop height compared to the control (no nanomaterials), but this increase was 33% and 40% in CNTs - and FCNTs-treated crops, respectively. When compared to the control, the GO-treated plants shown a twofold increase in root length; in contrast, the FCNTs and CNTs-treated plants showed increases of 60% and 25%, respectively. The highest increases in plant biomass, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity were observed in plants treated with GO. A 52% increase in SDA was seen in the GO-treated soil as compared to the control; in the FCNTs and CNTs-treated soils, this increase was 32% and 19%, respectively. An organic material with a carbon base is a carbon-based nanomaterial, which has the ability to control the soil microenvironment and activate soil enzyme activity. The results verified that incorporating carbon-based nanomaterials, particularly GO, into the soil might enhance the growth of gram plants and the sustainability of the soil.

Numerical Simulation Study on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Offshore Floating Photovoltaics

With the development of renewable energy and the utilization of marine resources, large-scale offshore floating photovoltaics have gradually attracted widespread attention. In order to develop offshore floating photovoltaics and promote sustainable development, it has become necessary to explore the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating photovoltaic units and floating arrays. In this work, based on the viscous flow theory, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM) methods are used to analyze the hydrodynamics of the floating body unit of offshore floating photovoltaics. The influencing factors include mooring length, mooring radius, and floating unit length. In addition, the hydrodynamic performance of the floating body unit and the floating body array under different wave heights and periods is also discussed to explore the influence of environmental loads on the floating body unit and the floating body array. The results indicate that the mooring tension exhibits an opposite trend with the surge and heave motions when the mooring line length and radius are varied. The motion is found to be more pronounced when the floating body unit length is 0.4 times the wavelength. The heave motion of the floating body unit exhibits a strong linear relationship with wave height, increasing by 0.01 m for every 0.015 m increase in wave height. The motion of the floating body units on both sides connected to the mooring lines decreases as the array length increases.

Potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for enhancement of tomato growth

AbstractPlant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with roots produce several biomolecules that stimulate plant growth. The study aimed to assess the potential of PGPR for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth enhancement. Three PGPR isolates (Pseudomonas isolates PIA2 and PIA3, and Bacillus isolate BIA1) were evaluated for growth promotion under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in three replications using Maya and Melkesalsa tomato varieties in a completely randomized design. Treatment with BIA1 resulted in the highest fresh weights of shoots (29.05 g) and roots (3.72 g) for the Maya variety (TC1) and 28.69 and 2.76 g for the Melkesalsa variety (TC2), respectively. Treatment with PIA2 showed maximum fresh weights of the shoots (25.05 g) and roots (3.26 g) for the TC2. Tomato plants treated with BIA1 and PIA2 exhibited significant increases in height, by 40.1% and 22.6% in the TC1 and 45.2% and 27.6% in the TC2, respectively. Besides, treatments with BIA1 and PIA2 in the TC1 increased the dry weight of shoots by 46.6% and 30.2% and that of roots by 73.3% and 68.7%, respectively. For the TC2, BIA1 and PIA2 isolates increased the dry weight of roots by 54.9% and 34.4% and that of roots by 68.1% and 48.9%, respectively. The results generally showed that BIA1 and PIA2 could be used to foster plant growth. Further study under field the conditions of BIA1 and PIA2 are highly recommended.

In Vitro Evaluation of Ruminal Digestibility, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Diversity of Kenaf Crop at Various Cutting Heights

The current study investigated the in vitro degradability, in vitro gas production, methane (CH4) production, and ruminal bacterial community of kenaf plants cut at different heights (130, 160, 190, 220, and 250 cm). These samples were subjected to an in vitro batch culture system using buffalo rumen fluid to measure gas and CH4 production at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h of incubation. Results reveal that crude protein (CP) concentration was the highest at the 220 cm height compared with the other heights. With the increase in height, gas and CH4 production decreased. However, the CH4 production at 190 cm was higher compared with the other plant heights. Dry matter degradation was higher at 190 cm and 220 cm, while ammonia-N and microbial CP were higher at the 220 cm height compared with the other heights. However, neutral detergent fiber degradation was the highest at the 130 cm height. Total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, acetic acid/propane ratio, and pH value did not differ among the treatments, except for propionic acid, which was higher at the 130 cm and 160 cm heights. Overall, harvesting kenaf at plant heights of up to 220 cm was better in terms of its promising nutritional quality, improved dry matter degradation, and microbial CP contents.

Intergenerational trends in body size among Moscow's young adults: socio-demographic influences of the 20th century.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of socio-demographic and epidemiological factors on the secular changes in body size indicators (height, weight, and BMI) among young adults aged 17-22 years in Moscow from the early 20th century to the present. Published average anthropometric data from screening surveys conducted from 1880/1925-26 to 2020-21 were analysed (4,823 males and 5,952 females), along with demographic data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. Findings revealed consistent anthropometric trends and strong associations between secular changes in body size of Moscow youth and socio-demographic indicators such as population size, life expectancy, and infant mortality rates. An increase in height and weight was noted against the backdrop of urbanisation, increased life expectancy, and reduced infant mortality. These results indicate that the urbanisation process and the transformation of the epidemiological landscape in 20th-century Russia - marked by enhancements in public health, modernisation of the healthcare system, and medical advancements - have had a significant impact on changes in body size across generations. Notably, from the mid-20th century onwards, with the exception of the final decade, conditions favourable to growth and development were established, culminating in a significant increase in definitive anthropometric parameters across successive generations. The findings underscore the imperative for policymakers to bolster investments in urban development, healthcare, and education. Such strategic investments are essential for sustaining and amplifying the positive physical development trends witnessed.

Reinnervation of Free Nipple Grafts Associated With Improved Erection Function

Background: Most patients undergoing breast surgery with free nipple grafts lose nipple erection (NE) function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nerve preservation and reconstruction with targeted nipple–areola complex reinnervation (TNR) on NE following gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafting. Methods: Patients undergoing gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafts were prospectively enrolled. Subjects who underwent TNR were compared with controls who did not undergo TNR. Postoperative patient-reported NE function was scored using a 4-point Likert scale. Objective NE evaluation consisted of the change in areola circumference and nipple height following cold application using a thermal device and 3-dimensional imaging. Results: Twenty patients (11 subjects and 9 controls) with comparable age, body mass index, and mastectomy weight were included. At an average follow-up of 16.8 (±7.0) months, significantly more subjects reported NE than controls (72.8% versus 38.9%, P = 0.03), with a higher median NE score (3 [range 1–4] versus 1 [range 1–2], P = 0.0005). Following cold application, subjects had a greater mean reduction in areola circumference (−4.16 ± 3.3 versus −1.67 ± 1.9 mm, P = 0.02) and a greater mean increase in nipple height (+0.86 ± 0.8 versus +0.37±0.3 mm, P = 0.04) compared with controls. Improved patient-reported NE function correlated with better cold detection thresholds (P = 0.01). Conclusions: TNR was associated with improved patient-reported and objective NE following gender-affirming mastectomy. Improved NE correlated with improved cold detection, suggesting the role of both sensory and autonomic innervation in mediating NE.

The Influence of Treatment With Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir on Children's Growth-Results of the PANDAA-PED Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of treatment of hepatitis C with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) on children's growth. Fifty children 6-18 years of age were successfully treated for hepatitis C with a 12-week course of SOF/VEL fixed dose adjusted to the body weight in the PANDAA-PED (Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children 6-18 years of age using a pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral sofosbuvir/velpatasvir) project. Growth parameters were compared at 1 year after treatment with baseline (at the start of treatment) and 12-week-posttreatment values. Body mass index (BMI), weight and height Z scores adjusted to sex and age were calculated according to the World Health Organization reference data. Forty-nine participants (23 boys and 26 girls) completed all the visits. The mean age at 1 year after treatment was 10.9 ± 2.5 years, and all children had undetectable hepatitis C virus RNA at this point. Significant weight and height gains were observed after treatment irrespective of the patients' age and sex. Height Z scores did not vary significantly both at 12 weeks and 1 year after treatment, confirming a normal increase in participants' height. Weight Z scores for 16 children below 10 years of age decreased at 1 year after treatment. BMI Z score values decreased at 12 weeks after treatment compared to the baseline in boys, but no difference was found between 1-year posttreatment and baseline BMI Z scores in both girls and boys. Results of the PANDAA-PED study showed normal growth up to 1 year after successful treatment with SOF/VEL in children 6-18 years of age. Despite the decrease in BMI Z score in boys observed at 12 weeks after treatment, no differences were found between baseline and 1-year posttreatment values. Our observations confirm the long-term safety of the SOF/VEL treatment in children 6-18 years of age.

Response of bioinspired scale arrangement in a suction caisson to penetrating into clay reflected by using interface direct shear tests

The suction caisson has been used to support the offshore wind turbine in last decade. Normally, the resistance of the traditional suction caisson (TSC) to penetrating into the seabed is overcome by suction resulting in high soil plug causing early termination in installation. Therefore, this study proposes a novel scaled suction caisson (SSC) that adopts the bionic design concept of little forward resistance and large backward resistance in scaled belly of reptiles like snakes. The bioinspired scale is set on the outer sidewall of the TSC, which is called the SSC. Scale arrangement is the key factor to reduce penetration resistance of the SSC. To simulate the penetration, the interfacial direct shear tests are carried out along the cranial direction (i.e., forward direction of the snake). The interfacial behavior of the scaled steel plate and clay is studied under different consolidation pressures and normal stresses. The results show that normal stress is the key factor compared with the consolidation pressure. There are clay-scale shear zone and clay-clay shear zone during shearing with the increase of the scale height, respectively. In addition, the theoretical formula for calculating critical shear stress is proposed, and the calculated results are in great agreement with the model test. As the scale height increases from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, the peak shear stress first increases and then decreases. Meanwhile, it is determined that the design of the scale height in the clay cannot exceed 108 d50. Finally, the optimal geometric characteristics and scale arrangements of the SSC are determined by analyzing the peak shear stress and peak internal friction angle of various scale-clay interfaces. The results can contribute to optimizing the scales arrangement for easy penetration of the SSC in clay.

Effects of Formula Product Injection on Hatching Parameters, Small Intestinal Development and Ileum Histology in Breeder Chicken Eggs.

This study aimed to determine the effects of in ovo formula product injection on hatching parameters, chick quality, small intestinal development and ileum histology of breeder hen eggs. A total of 400 fertilised eggs were obtained from the Atak-S parent flock at 42 weeks of age for the experiment. The experiment was designed in two groups: a control group (C), in which no injection was performed, and the other group in which a solution containing formula products at concentrations of 1.25% (F1), 2.5% (F2) and 5% (F3) was injected into 0.5mL/egg air sac. The hatching rate, embryonic mortality and discard chick rate were examined at the end of the trial. The best result of the hatching rate was found in the Group F2, while there was no difference between the control and Group F1 regarding these parameters. The weight and length of the quality chicks were promoted in the Group F1. In Group F3, the injection of the formula product at a rate of 5% had a negative effect on parameters such as hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick length, Pasgar score and yolk sac weight compared to the other groups. Otherwise, in Group F2, there was a significant increase in villus height, crypt depth and lamina muscularis mucosa thickness compared to the other groups (p<0.01). As a result, it has been concluded that the appropriate rates for the formula product application on chicks are 1.25% and 2.5%, considering the positive effects of the 1.25% and 2.5% rates and the negative effects of the 5% rate.

The role of nano fertilizers and compost in improving agricultural soil properties and their impact on faba bean productivity

The research aimed to assess the effects of NPK nano-fertilizers and compost, with or without NPK mineral fertilizers, on soil properties and the productivity of local beans. The results showed that when nano-fertilizers and compost were applied, there were increases in plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight (ton/acre), and 100-seed weight compared to when mineral fertilizers were used at different concentrations. The interaction of NPK nano-fertilizers with organic manure, along with NPK mineral fertilizers, increased protein levels with the increasing rate of NPK mineral fertilizers. Additionally, the interaction of NPK nano-fertilizers with organic manure increased proline content in seeds with the increasing rate of different mineral fertilizers. Overall, the application of NPK nano-fertilizers was found to improve soil fertility and increase crop productivity.

Effect of rear blunt body structure and inlet conditions on the flow and combustion characteristics of an advanced vortex combustor for a gas turbine

The rear blunt body plays a crucial role in the total performance of an advanced vortex combustor. This paper presents a numerical simulation study on the flow and combustion characteristics of an advanced vortex combustor fueled by liquid aviation kerosene under atmospheric pressure conditions, with inlet velocities of 0–100 m/s and inlet temperatures of 300–800 K. Different structural and aerodynamic parameters, including cavity length, rear blunt body height, rear blunt body width and inlet conditions are studied to determine the variation trends of the velocity field, total pressure recovery coefficient, fuel concentration field, combustion efficiency, outlet temperature distribution and pollutant emissions. The results indicate that the presence of the rear blunt body facilitates the formation of a dual vortex structure within the cavity, leading to an increased total pressure recovery coefficient, an improved fuel concentration distribution, an enhanced combustion efficiency, and a more uniform outlet temperature distribution. At an inlet velocity of 100 m/s, the total pressure recovery coefficient increases from 97.01 % to 97.29 %. However, as the cavity length, the rear blunt body height and width increase, the total pressure recovery coefficient and the CO emission increases, and the combustion efficiency, outlet temperature distribution and NO emission decrease to different degrees. In addition, an increase in inlet temperature enhances the fuel concentration distribution, leading to improved combustion efficiency, better outlet temperature distribution, and an increase in NO emission. Additionally, it results in a reduction in CO emission. As the inlet temperature increases from 500 K to 800 K, the combustion efficiency increases from 86.57 % to 92.81 %, representing a growth rate of 7.21 %. In summary, when the cavity length is 24 mm, the rear blunt body height is 24 mm, the rear blunt body width is 5 mm, and the inlet temperature is 800 K, the overall combustion performance of the advanced vortex combustor is optimal, which is conducive to providing an important theoretical basis for the design and optimization of advanced vortex combustors.

Pseudo-precocious puberty secondary to Juvenile Granulosa cell tumour in a 30-month-old female toddler: A case report

Background: Precocious puberty is rare globally and its incidence in Nigeria is unknown, as few reported cases exist. Case presentation: We report a 30-month-old female toddler with abnormal vaginal bleeding and breast enlargement of three months duration, with associated pubic and axillary hair. Height increase and unusual temper tantrums were also noticed. She had a 2-year history of steroid-containing cream use. The unrelated parents had normal puberty. There was no similar history in the siblings. Her height was 94 cm (97th centile) and weighed 12 kg (50th centile). There were no café-au-lait spots. Breast development and pubic hair both corresponded to Tanner Stage 2. A firm mass was palpated in the lower abdominal region. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a round heterogenous mass with multiple focal cystic areas in the left pelvic cavity. Bone age was normal. Serial oestradiol levels were elevated. Tumor markers were within normal ranges. The cytological analysis of excised tissues during exploratory laparotomy with left oophorectomy revealed Call-Exner bodies which are pathognomonic for granulosa cell tumours. She has remained stable after the surgery. Discussion and conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of considering and investigating rare causes of pseudo-precocious puberty in pre-pubertal girls.

Rhizobacterial Inoculation to Enhance Growth and Productivity of Fenugreek

The use of rhizobacterial inoculants represents a promising strategy to improve crop productivity and sustainability. This study investigates the impact of four different rhizobacterial strains on the growth and productivity of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Conducted under field conditions, the experiment followed a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments included inoculation with individual strains as well as a control with no inoculation. Key growth parameters, such as germination rate, plant height, biomass, nodulation, and seed yield, were systematically recorded. The results demonstrated significant enhancements in fenugreek growth and yield in response to rhizobacterial inoculation compared to the control. Strain F1 showed the highest increase in germination rate and plant height, while Strain F2 resulted in the maximum biomass accumulation. Strain F3 significantly improved nodulation and overall root development, contributing to better nutrient uptake. Strain F4 produced the highest seed yield, indicating its potential in enhancing fenugreek productivity. All inoculated treatments exhibited improved soil health indicators, such as increased microbial activity and nutrient availability, compared to the control. The combined analysis revealed that the use of these rhizobacterial strains not only promoted plant growth but also contributed to sustainable agricultural practices by enhancing soil fertility. This study underscores the potential of specific rhizobacterial strains in boosting fenugreek production and provides a foundation for the development of effective microbial inoculants. Further research on the synergistic effects of these strains and their application methods could optimize their benefits, offering a viable solution for enhancing crop yield and soil health in legume cultivation.

筒仓卸粮曲面漏斗对颗粒流动特性的影响研究

In order to adapt to the needs of modern intelligent warehousing and reduce the unloading side pressure of grain silo, the influence of curved funnel on the unloading process is designed and analyzed, and this paper uses EDEM simulation software and Hertz Mindlin model for analysis. The results found that compared with the unloading characteristics of the conical funnel, the unloading side pressure is effectively improved; in the unloading process, with the increase of the shrinkage rate, the critical position of the flow transformation increases and the flow velocity of the particle group accelerates. However, the flow velocity of the particle group decreases when it reaches the critical position of 250 mm. Combined with the corresponding analysis, this paper uses the Froude number to quantitatively express the mobility of particles. As the shrinkage rate of the curved funnel and the unloading height increase, the Froude number also increases. This paper analyzes and calibrates the curved funnel for soybean unloading in silos, which will provide useful reference for avoiding arching and clogging during the unloading process of grain particles.

A comparative analysis of height trend and nutrition among 1983 to 2005 birth cohort of Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

Over the course of the years, numerous studies have been conducted to assess the trends in height across different generations and regions. This study seeks to add to the current data on secular height trend, by analyzing the trend in height, gender specific differences in height trend and relationship between socionutritional factors and increase in height trend among 1983–2005 birth cohort in the Ilorin metropolis. A total of 414 study participants aged 18–40 years (207 males and 207 females). Their height was obtained using the Tape stadiometer, information about dietary history (nutritional factors) that may affect height were gotten via the use of Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 27.0 and results were computed using Pearson’s Chi-square analysis and ANOVA. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Height was found to have positively increased among the 1983 to 2005 birth cohorts of Ilorin metropolis with the most significant increase being observed in the Males. This study also revealed a positive correlation between Diary and Carbohydrate consumption and increase in height, especially among males. No significant increase in height was found among females of the birth cohorts and no Association was found between the considered nutritional factors and female height.

Enhanced Growth of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Through Amino Acids and Seaweed Extracts for the Use in Organic Agriculture

AbstractThe increasing consumer interest in organic products is driving the rise of the agricultural sector. However, organic farming productivity was lower than conventional due to the reduction of external inputs, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides. In this context, the use of organic biostimulant emerged as a promising solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mL per plant) of an innovative organic biostimulant based on amino acids and seaweed extract (Lombrico® ARREL), on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under hydroponic conditions in a plant growth chamber. The results demonstrated that the root application of the biostimulant promoted plant growth development. In the shoot, there was an increase in height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight and leaf area compared to the control. In the root, there was an increase in volume (66.2, 83.2, and 165%), fresh weight (45.0, 61.0 and 97.3%) and dry weight (7.0, 23.0 and 53.7%) as escalating the product dose (low, medium and high, respectively) compared to the control. Furthermore, the root length decreased, triggering a significant modification of the root system architecture. Transcriptome analysis in the root revelated that this biostimulant induced change in the gene expression. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEEG) analysis showed stimulation of the cell division, biosynthesis and remodeling of the cell wall, increasing plant metabolism and hormone signal transduction, as well as activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This study showed the benefit of integrating the biostimulant uses in organic agriculture management to improve plant development, thereby enhancing crop productivity.

EDUKASI GIZI MENGGUNAKAN KALENDER EDUKASI STUNTING (KALSITING) MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN IBU BALITA UNTUK PENCEGAHAN STUNTING

The stunting prevalence stunting in Cimahi as a result of the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey was 16.4. The prevalence of stunting is expected to 14% by 2024. The education level and nutritional knowledge of toddler mothers is significantly related to the incidence of stunting. However, the education level and nutritional knowledge of toddler mothers in Cimahi are still low. Therefore, nutrition education is needed to increase the knowledge of toddler mothers regarding stunting. The study aimed to determine the influence of nutrition education using the stunting prevention education calendar (kalsiting) on the knowledge of toddler mothers for stunting prevention. This study used quasi experiment design, two groups with control group. The research location in Pasirkaliki Village, Kota Cimahi, West Java. The research sample was 30 mothers who had children aged 0-59 months. Statistical analysis used the Willcoxon test, independent t-test, Paired t-test, Mann Whitney U test. The results showed that the average score of knowledge increase in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (p=0.031&lt;0.05), there was a significant difference in the average increase in knowledge between the treatment group and the control group. However, there was no difference in the average increase in Z-Score height by age (HAZ)and weight by age (WAZ) before and after three months of nutrition education using leaflet media (p&gt;0.05). Providing nutrition education using the media of the stunting prevention nutrition education calendar (Kalsiting) and by using leaflet media has been proven to significantly increase maternal nutrition knowledge.