Height In Meters Research Articles

A case study with extreme low-level jet in southern Brazil

This study aimed to analyze a period of intense Low-Level Jets (LLJ) in southern Brazil that occurred in a year of intense El Nino-South Oscillation signal. Observational data were collected by radiosonde data carried out at Salgado Filho airport, which measured values of the order of 30 ms-1 in intensity at 700/750 meters in height and a predominant direction of 270 degrees. The LLJ’s are horizontal vortices in the low-level turbulence process, optimizing the transport of energy and water vapor at the mesoscale; they are low-cost energy structures with maximum transport efficiency. In general, their modeling by numerical models at high resolution is difficult because they have a thin layer with a small thickness of the order of 50 meters and have a non-linear nature in the turbulence processes. However, global reanalysis models, in general, cannot represent the optimization effects in the turbulent process performed by LLJ. However, there is a tendency to represent the magnitude of the wind modulus, an approximation of this value by the current state of the art in global reanalysis modeling in models, in this case, the maximum wind. This implies that global models generally underestimate flows at low levels, in general, as they do not represent the optimization effects associated with LLJ. In this case study, we tried to use an extreme situation of occurrence of LLJ for analysis, therefore, the regional climate model RegCM-4.9 in high spatial resolution was used to simulate the period from May to June 1997. The analyses were concentrated in June 1997. The initialization and boundary conditions were used from the EC-EARTH historical of the Earth system model based on the operational seasonal forecast system of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). It was observed that the simulation result could significantly underestimate the wind intensity and the processes associated with the LLJ with the initialization model, with low information resolution, the global initialization models do not have adequate resolution for this type of simulation.

Association of Hypertension with Body Mass Index in northern districts of Bangladesh

Background: Body Mass Index is one of the significant determinant associated with many disease process particularly hypertension. There is positive association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP). Lowering BMI with weight reduction significantly reduces blood pressure (BP). The main purpose of this study was to find out the association of BMI with hypertension. The aim of the study is to find out any association between BMI and hypertension in a particular area of Bangladesh. Methods: This is a retrospective study which involves review of written medical records for adults diagnosed with hypertension aged 18 years and above. This study was conducted at hypertension and research centre, Rangpur. A total of 14137 hypertensive patients were included in this study. Hypertension was defined by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). BMI was calculated by a person’s weight in kilograms divided by his height in meters squared. Results: Majority (42.1%) of hypertensive patients were within 41 to 50 years of age. Among 14137 participants 4.6% were underweight, 46.5% were healthy weight, 38.7% were overweight and 10.2& were obese. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were144.9, 145.2, 148.3, 152.7 and 89.8, 90.4, 91.2, 92.8 respectively with increasing BMI. Conclusion: Increasing BMI increases the risk of HTN. Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; 35(1): 15-19

Association of maternal body mass index change with risk of large for gestational age among pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study

Objective To investigate the associations of body mass index (BMI) change and large for gestational age (LGA) among prepregnancy normal-weight women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods The retrospective study including 9515 normal-weight pregnant women (1331 women with GDM and 8184 without GDM) was conducted in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital in 2020. The BMI change was calculated as gestational weight gain in kilograms by maternal height in meters. The binary logistic regression, stratified analyses, restricted cubic spline models and additive interaction analysis were adopted to reveal the relationship between BMI change and LGA. Results Pregnant women with GDM had a lower level of BMI change but a higher incidence of LGA compared with those without GDM. After adjustment for covariates variables, we found that the risk of LGA was associated with the highest quartile of BMI change (OR = 1.89, 95%CI:1.27–2.8 for GDM and OR = 1.48,95%CI:1.27–1.75 for non-GDM). There were significant linear relationships of BMI change and LGA with the inflection point of 5.096 and 5.401 kg/m2 in GDM and non-GDM groups. Significant additive interaction was observed between parity and BMI change level concerning LGA. A significant difference in BMI change and gestational weight gain (GWG) for LGA prediction was detected. Conclusion Higher BMI changes were significantly associated with a higher risk of LGA in pregnant women with or without GDM in a linear dose-response relationship, with the threshold around 5.096 and 5.401 kg/m2, respectively. These suggested that BMI changes may be a useful predictor for the incidence of LGA in singleton pregnant women.

Allometric multi-scaling of weight-for-height relation in children and adolescents: Revisiting the theoretical basis of body mass index of thinness and obesity assessment.

The body mass index (BMI), defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, has been widely used to assess thinness and obesity in all age groups, including children and adolescents. However, the validity and utility of BMI as a reliable measure of nutritional health have been questioned. This study discusses the mathematical conditions that support the validity of BMI based on population statistics. Here, we propose a condition defined as allometric uni-scaling to ensure the validity of BMI as an objective height-adjusted measure. Any given centile curve, including the median curve, in a weight-for-height distribution should be approximated using power-law functions with the same scaling exponent. In contrast, when the scaling exponent varies depending on the position of the centile curve, it is called allometric multi-scaling. By introducing a method for testing these scaling properties using quantile regression, we analyzed a large-scale Japanese database that included 7,863,520 children aged 5-17 years. We demonstrated the remarkable multi-scaling properties at ages 5-13 years for males and 5-11 years for females, and the convergence to uni-scaling with a scaling exponent close to 2 as they approached 17 years of age for both sexes. We confirmed that conventional BMI is appropriate as an objective height-adjusted mass measure at least 17 years of age, close to adulthood, for both males and females. However, the validity of BMI could not be confirmed in younger age groups. Our findings indicate that the growth of children's weight-for-height relation is much more complex than previously assumed. Therefore, a single BMI-type formula cannot be used to assess thinness and obesity in children and adolescents.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Kidney Donors at First Check: A Single-Center Experience.

Kidney transplant is the best treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease. In many regions of the world, including the Middle East, most kidney transplants are from living donors. In contrast to recipients, data for living donors remain scarce. Here, we describe living donor baseline characteristics at first hospital check at a single center in Baghdad, Iraq. We collected and analyzed demographic, laboratory, imaging, and histocompatibility data from donor records at the Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Center, Medical City-Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, from July 2022 to September 2022. We included 124 kidney donors (56.4% male) who donated their kidneys 1 to 3 years previous to our study, with a mean age of 34.84 ± 10.04 years and mean body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 27.11 ± 2.12. Most donors donated their kidneys to a firstdegree relative (69.2%); blood group O was the most prevalent (47.5%). More than half of the donors were unemployed. Histocompatibility testing showed that 40% of the donors had >3 human leukocyte antigen mismatches with their recipients, and 30% of the recipients were high-risk sensitized patients with a calculated panel reactive antibody >50%. Regarding the virus status, 68.5% of the donors tested positive for cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G, 8% of the transplants were high-risk cytomegalovirus status, and 43.5% tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus immunoglobulin G. Renal imaging showed that 75.8% of donors had a single artery and 24.1% had a double artery (26.6% double left, 40% double right, and 33.3% both). For living transplant procedures at a single center in Iraq, most were from related donors. Most donors are unemployed, which mandates future health and social support. High immunological and viral risks must not be ignored in a single center with living related donors.

Relationship of Serum Kallistatin Level With Arterial Stiffness and Metabolic Parameters in Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease.

We investigated the relationship between serum kallistatin and kidney disease and proteinuria in nondiabetic obesity-related chronic kidney disease and observed the effects on arterial stiffness. We included 40 patients with nondiabetic obesity-related chronic kidney disease followed in our nephrology clinic and a control group of 40 participants without chronic kidney disease matched by age, sex, and mean body mass index (measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). Pulse-wave velocity and augmentation index were measured oscillometrically by pulse-wave analysis (Mobil-O-Graph) by the same operator. Serum kallistatin levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mean age of patients was 51 ± 7.5 years (range, 29-62 years), and 40% were female. Mean body mass index was 35 ± 3.1. Four patients (10%) had morbid obesity; 21 (52.5%) had hypertension. Glomerular filtration rate (42 ± 18 vs 83 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m², respectively; P < .001) were significantly lower. However proteinuria (671 ± 1031 vs 80 ± 30 mg/d, respectively; P < .001) were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Also, serum kallistatin and arterial stiffness were significantly higher in patients (P < .05).''The Pulse Wave Velocity was higher in patients with hypertension (P = .01); GFR was lower (P < .01); serum uric acid level was higher (P < .001); and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P < .05), C-reactive protein level (P < .05), and serum kallistatin level were higher (P < .05). Serum kallistatin levels increase in patients with obesity-related kidney disease. Especially hypertension and hyperuricemia are associated with an increase in serum kallistatin.

Two-decadal climate impacts on growth of major forest types of Eastern Himalaya

Forests affect regional climates, livelihoods and global cycles of water, carbon and nitrogen. Anthropogenic activities and climatic change affect forest health and national growth. Therefore, developing effective forest management plans requires understanding of the drivers of forest growth. The primary objective of this study was to understand the long-term effect of abiotic factors on the growth of forests in the region. This study used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for vegetation indices like NDVI and EVI and NASA's Land Assimilation datasets (wind speed, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and temperature) to understand their role on forest growth through statistical techniques such as Pearson's correlation and Multiple Linear Regression. The study examined the relationship between standard monthly vegetation indices and abiotic variables (i.e., moisture and temperature at different soil profiles up to 2 m depth, land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, relative humidity, wind velocity, and air temperature at 2 m height) in selected forests of the Eastern Himalayas for two decades (2001–2020, n = 240). Rainfall, temperature, and other associated factors significantly affected forest growth in the region. It was observed that rainfall alone affected forest growth in the region. However, its impact was maximum after two months of the rain events, reflecting a significant lag effect. Soil moisture at different depths affected vegetation growth in all forest types. Reduced soil moisture had a more significant effect on old-growth forests than younger forests. Multiple Linear Regression models developed with the abiotic factors explained higher variability in forest growth. In conclusion, this study reveals that rainfall, temperature, and their associated variables significantly affected forest growth in the study area. The study has significant implications for forest management in the region for formulating better strategies to mitigate climate change effects on forests in the region in future.

Fennel: More Than Herb, Unveiling its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties

Fennel is considered as one of the oldest medicinal plants and culinary herbs. It’s in use since 4000 years. It is a biennial plant with a thick rootstock, erect, much-branched, and smooth, often 1 meter or more in height. It probably occurs in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. It is grown as a spice, medicine or essential oil plant or vegetable in many parts of the world and has been naturalized in many places. This review aims to give an outline of medicinal aspect of Foeniculumvulgare Mill focusing more on its traditional function and uses. The literature search encircled scientific databases, publications and ancient Unani literature books for traditional usage, chemical profiling, and pharmacological activities and so on. Foeniculumvulgare Mill displays various pharmacological activities like estrogenic activity, gastro protective activity, hepato-protective activity, antidiabetic activity, cardiovascular and lipid activity, antithrombotic activity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-bacterial activity, anti-anxiety potential, memory protective potential. The plant contains Essential oil / Volatile oil, Coumarin, Fixed oil, Cinnamic acid derivatives, Sterols, Saponin, Flavonoids glycosides, Quercetin and Vitamin. In traditional system of medicine it is used in flatulence, kidney stones, bronchitis, diabetes, and persistent cough. It is also used as diuretic, emmenogogue, improving eye sight, in wound healing, increases breast milk and semen production. It has properties of Mudirboul-o-hayz, Muqawwi-e-basar, Muqawwi-e- meda, Muwallidmani, Muwallid sheer etc. Foeniculumvulgare has emerged as a good source of traditional medicine and has been used in different ways due to its phytochemical constituents and easy availability. Further research is needed to validate its potential, mechanism of action for the development of new drugs and future clinical uses.

Triglycerides Mediate the Influence of Body Mass Index on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Non-Obese Chinese Population with Normal Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels.

Over 25% of the world's population has non-obese or lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the prevalence is higher than average in Asia. The present study focused on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and non-obese NAFLD in non-overweight people in China, particularly the influence of triglycerides (TG) in the pathogenesis of non-obese NAFLD. The findings suggest new treatments for NAFLD patients with normal BMI, as well as provide an early warning system for the understanding and prevention of NAFLD in non-obese patients. This cross-sectional study enrolled 159,959 Chinese subjects with BMI &lt;24 kg/m2 and normal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). The average age was 40.21 ± 13.88 years, and males accounted for 45.7%. A total of 15,907 (9.94%) patients with NAFLD were diagnosed by ultrasonography. Biochemical indicators were measured using an automated analyzer (Abbott AxSYM). The BMI (kg/m2) was calculated from the weight (kg)/height in square meters (m2). The BMI quartile was used as the column-stratified variable to determine the baseline distribution, and logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between NAFLD and its risk factors, with multiple logistic regression used to assess the relationships between BMI or TG and NAFLD and multivariate linear regression used to analyze the association between BMI and TG, while mediation analysis was used to assess the mediation effect of TG. After adjustment of all covariates, the odds ratios were 1.788 (95% CI: 1.749-1.829; p &lt; 0.00001) and 1.491 (95% CI: 1.451-1.532; p &lt; 0.00001) for the association between BMI and TG with NAFLD incidence. The multivariate linear regression coefficient of BMI and TG was β = 0.027 (95% CI: 0.023-0.030; p &lt; 0.00001). Mediation analysis showed that BMI contributed to 10.81% of lean NAFLD with a mediation effect of 2.98%. In a Chinese population with BMI &lt;24 kg/m2 and normal LDL-c levels, BMI and TG were found to be independent predictors of NAFLD. The direct effect of BMI on non-obese NAFLD was 10.41%. The TG level was found to partially mediate the association.

Test-Retest Reliability and Usefulness of aFoot-Ankle Rebound-Jump Test for Measuring Foot-Ankle Reactive Strength in Athletes.

This study investigated the test-retest reliability and usefulness of the foot-ankle rebound-jump test (FARJT) for measuring foot-ankle reactive strength metrics in athletes. Thirty-six highly trained, healthy athletes (5 female; 21.5 [3.9]y; 1.80 [0.10]m; 72.7 [10.4]kg) performed 8 repeated bilateral vertical foot-ankle rebound jumps on 2 testing days. Testing days were 1week apart, and these sessions were preceded by a familiarization session. Reactive strength metrics were calculated by dividing jump height (in meters) by contact time (in seconds) for the reactive strength index (RSI) and flight time (in seconds) by contact time (in seconds) for the reactive strength ratio (RSR). The mean of 4 jumps (excluding the first and last 2 jumps) on each testing session were considered for RSI and RSR reliability and usefulness analysis. We found a high reliability of the FARJT for RSI (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]> .90 and coefficient of variation [CV] = 12%) and RSR (ICC ≥ .90 and CV = 8%). Regarding their usefulness, both RSI and RSR were rated as "marginal" in detecting the smallest worthwhile change (typical error > smallest worthwhile change) and "good" in detecting a moderate change in performance. The results showed that a FARJT is a highly reliable test for measuring foot-ankle reactive strength in athletes and useful for quantifying changes, for example, following a training block. However, its usefulness as an accurate daily or weekly monitoring tool in practice is questionable.

Body mass index among secondary school students in Nineveh Governorate

The research is summarized by finding the body mass index of secondary school students in the center of Nineveh Governorate from the first to the sixth grade, which is extracted through measurements of height and weight. The BMI is a mathematical value that is extracted from dividing the weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters. It is for adults. Curves have been developed for children up to 18 years of age. BMI helps to calculate the fat mass index, which expresses obesity. The research aims to identify the curves of the body mass index in the research sample and to identify the descriptive picture of this indicator, which gives those in charge of the educational and health process helps them in preparing curricula and treatments that guarantee the health status of the students. The two age groups are (12-15) years and (16-18) years.The arithmetic means, standard deviations, the law (t) of differences, and analysis of variance were used, and the results showed the presence of significant differences in favor of the higher age group in the obesity index, while between classes the differences were significant and not significant.

Metabolic Risk Profile and Graft Function Deterioration 2 Years After Kidney Transplant

Studies exploring the association of body weight and metabolic status with graft function deterioration (GFD) after kidney transplantation have produced inconsistent findings. Few studies have examined whether metabolically healthy overweight or obesity (MHO) may contribute to GFD. To evaluate associations of overweight or obesity and metabolic disorders with GFD in recipients of kidney transplant. This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2020, through June 30, 2021, with a follow-up period of 2 years after kidney transplantation. Participants included adult recipients of cadaveric kidney transplant in 4 transplantation centers in China. Participants were classified as 4 metabolic phenotypes according to their BMI and metabolic status. Data were analyzed from July to August 2023. Overweight and obesity were characterized by body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 24 or greater. Metabolic disorder was identified by existence of a minimum of 2 of 4 conditions: hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased triglyceride, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The main outcome was GFD, defined as a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate of at least 25% within 6 months to 2 years after transplant. A total of 1260 adult recipients of cadaveric kidney transplant (mean [SD] age, 43.97 [11.51] years; 755 [59.92%] male) were included in the study, and 127 (10.08%) participants experienced the primary outcome of GFD during follow-up. After accounting for confounding factors in multivariable analyses, overweight or obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI, 1.10-2.44; P = .02) and metabolic disorder (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.12-2.63; P = .01) were associated with increased risk of GFD. The MHO subgroup exhibited a greater risk for GFD (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.01-5.57; P = .048) compared with participants who did not have overweight or obesity or metabolic disorder. All components of metabolic disorder, with the exception of elevated triglyceride, were associated with GFD. There was a dose-response association of number of metabolic disorder components (OR per 1 additional condition, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.20-1.63; P < .001) and BMI (OR per 1-unit increase, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.03-1.15; P = .002) with increased risk for GFD. A nonlinear association was observed between BMI and risk of GFD. In this cohort study of recipients of cadaveric kidney transplant, individuals with overweight or obesity or metabolic disorder had a significantly higher risk of experiencing GFD. Individuals with MHO had an elevated risk for graft function deterioration. Additional studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are necessary to validate our findings.

Numerical Evaluation of Transversal Strength of Traditional Fishing Vessel in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Challenges in procuring wood as the primary material for ships have led to a decline in overall quality. Meeting the demands of shipbuilding often involves neglecting consideration for the quality and characteristics of construction materials. Additionally, the shipbuilding process commonly overlooks technical and operational aspects associated with construction specifications. Ship damages frequently result from the selection of wood types, sizes, and ages that do not meet construction criteria or fall below the standards for achieving optimal construction. Many ship constructions are identified that fail to meet the requirements for ensuring the safety and security of the crew, ship, and cargo during operations. This research aims to numerically assess the transverse strength of fishing vessels operating in Penajam Paser Utara using Ansys software. Survey results indicate an average size of fishing boats in this area as 10 – 20 meters in length. 2.6 - 3.5 meters in width, and 1.6 – 2.5 meters in height. The stress analysis results from Ansys Workbench were recorded at 2.3402 MPa

Adolescent Body Mass Index and Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Young Adulthood

Despite increasing obesity rates in adolescents, data regarding early kidney sequelae are lacking. To assess the association between adolescent body mass index (BMI) and early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in young adulthood (<45 years of age). This cohort study linked screening data of mandatory medical assessments of Israeli adolescents to data from a CKD registry of a national health care system. Adolescents who were aged 16 to 20 years; born since January 1, 1975; medically evaluated for mandatory military service through December 31, 2019; and insured by Maccabi Healthcare Services were assessed. Individuals with kidney pathology, albuminuria, hypertension, dysglycemia, or missing blood pressure or BMI data were excluded. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared and categorized by age- and sex-matched percentiles according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Follow-up started at the time of medical evaluation or January 1, 2000 (whichever came last), and ended at early CKD onset, death, the last day insured, or August 23, 2020 (whichever came first). Data analysis was performed from December 19, 2021, to September 11, 2023. Early CKD, defined as stage 1 to 2 CKD by moderately or severely increased albuminuria, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or higher. Of 629 168 adolescents evaluated, 593 660 (mean [SD] age at study entry, 17.2 [0.5] years; 323 293 [54.5%] male, 270 367 [45.5%] female) were included in the analysis. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 13.4 (5.5) years for males and 13.4 (5.6) years for females, 1963 adolescents (0.3%) developed early CKD. Among males, the adjusted hazard ratios were 1.8 (95% CI, 1.5-2.2) for adolescents with high-normal BMI, 4.0 (95% CI, 3.3-5.0) for those with overweight, 6.7 (95% CI, 5.4-8.4) for those with mild obesity, and 9.4 (95% CI, 6.6-13.5) for those with severe obesity. Among females, the hazard ratios were 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2-1.6) for those with high-normal BMI, 2.3 (95% CI, 1.9-2.8) for those with overweight, 2.7 (95% CI, 2.1-3.6) for those with mild obesity, and 4.3 (95% CI, 2.8-6.5) for those with severe obesity. The results were similar when the cohort was limited to individuals who were seemingly healthy as adolescents, individuals surveyed up to 30 years of age, or those free of diabetes and hypertension at the end of the follow-up. In this cohort study, high BMI in late adolescence was associated with early CKD in young adulthood. The risk was also present in seemingly healthy individuals with high-normal BMI and before 30 years of age, and a greater risk was seen among those with severe obesity. These findings underscore the importance of mitigating adolescent obesity rates and managing risk factors for kidney disease in adolescents with high BMI.

Stachytarpheta meninii (Verbenaceae), a new micro‐endemic and threatened species from the Diamantina Plateau in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

Stachytarpheta is mainly distributed in Brazil, where the knowledge of species richness is still in progress. Here, we describe S. meninii, a new micro‐endemic species from the Diamantina Plateau, Espinhaço Range. It is a shrub that can reach up to 1.8 meters in height, with abundant pedicellate glandular trichomes, viscous, aromatic leaves, inflorescences with oblong‐triangular bracts, and blue corollas, with a tube that is barely exserted from the calyx. The new species has been recorded from two gatherings from the same locality in the municipality of Serro, Minas Gerais state, and can be considered Critically Endangered (CR). Illustrations and a distribution map are provided for the recognition of S. meninii, along with an identification key for species of the genus found in Diamantina Plateau.

Investigation on the Utilization of Millimeter-Wave Radars for Ocean Wave Monitoring

The feasibility of using millimeter-wave radars for wave observations was investigated in this study. The radars used in this study operate at a center frequency of 77.572 GHz. To investigate the feasibility of wave observations and extract one-dimensional and two-dimensional wave spectra, arrays consisting of multiple radar units were deployed for observations in both laboratory and field environments. Based on the data measured with the millimeter-wave radars, one-dimensional wave spectra and two-dimensional wave directional spectra were evaluated using the periodogram method and the Bayesian directional spectrum estimation method (BDM), respectively. Meanwhile, wave parameters such as the significant wave height, wave period, and wave direction were also calculated. Via comparative experiments with a capacitive wave height meter in a wave tank and RADAC’s WG5-HT-CP radar in an offshore field, the viability of using millimeter-wave radars to observe water waves was validated. The results indicate that the one-dimensional wave spectra measured with the millimeter-wave radars were consistent with those measured with the mature commercial capacitive wave height meter and the WG5-HT-CP wave radar. Via wave direction measurement experiments conducted in a wave tank and offshore environment, it is evident that the wave directions retrieved with the millimeter-wave radars were in good alignment with the actual wave directions.

Determination of a Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Index Using the Mass of the Gluteus Medius in Older Patients With Hip Fractures.

This study evaluated the relationship between the muscle mass of the gluteus medius (GM) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured in patients with hip fractures. In this study, 141 patients with hip fractures were divided into those with high or low SMI. The GM index (GMI) was calculated by dividing the GM by the square of the height in meters. The correlation between GMI and SMI was subsequently analyzed, and cutoff values for determining the loss of skeletal muscle mass were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. GMI and SMI showed a positive correlation for both sexes (male: r = .890, female: r = .626, p < .001). The GMI cutoff values were 19.460cm2/m2 for males and 17.850cm2/m2 for females. Skeletal muscle mass evaluation of the GM could contribute to hip fracture recovery by improving mobility and facilitating the early diagnosis of loss of SMM.

Risk Factors for Hospitalization and Effect of Immunosuppression on Clinical Outcomes Among an Urban Cohort of Patients With Mpox.

During the 2022 mpox outbreak most patients were managed as outpatients, but some required hospitalization. Uncontrolled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been identified as a risk factor for severe mpox. Patients with mpox diagnosed or treated within the Johns Hopkins Health System between 1 June and 15 December 2022 were included. The primary outcome of interest was risk of hospitalization. Demographic features, comorbid conditions, treatment, and clinical outcomes were determined. A total of 353 patients were tested or treated for mpox; 100 had mpox diagnosed or treated (median age, 35.3 years; 97.0% male; 57.0% black and 10.0% Hispanic; 46.0% people with HIV [PWH]). Seventeen patients (17.0%) required hospitalization, 10 of whom were PWH. Age >40 years, race, ethnicity, HIV status, insurance status, and body mass index >30 (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) were not associated with hospitalization. Eight of 9 patients (88.9%) with immunosuppression were hospitalized. Immunosuppression was associated with hospitalization in univariate (odds ratio, 69.3 [95% confidence interval, 7.8-619.7]) and adjusted analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 94.8 [8.5-1060.1]). Two patients (11.8%) who were hospitalized required intensive care unit admission and died; both had uncontrolled HIV infection and CD4 T-cell counts <50/µL. Median cycle threshold values for the first positive mpox virus sample did not differ between those who were hospitalized and those who were not. Immunosuppression was a significant risk factor for hospitalization with mpox. PWH with CD4 T-cell counts <50/µL are at high risk of death due to mpox infection. Patients who are immunosuppressed should be considered for early and aggressive treatment of mpox, given the increased risk of hospitalization.

ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGICAL ERRORS OF THE AVIATION GRAVIMETRIC SYSTEM WITH A TRANSFORMATON GRAVIMETER

The equations of motion and a list of the main components of the AGS are given: gravimeter, stabilization system, system for determining navigation parameters, height meter, on-board digital computer. An analysis of methodological errors of the aviation gravimetric system with a transformer gravimeter was carried out, from which the accuracy requirements for the AGS components were formulated, provided that the accuracy of PST measurements is 1–2 mGal Analytical expressions were found and the coefficients of sensitivity of the total error of the AGS output signal to the measurement errors of the following aircraft movement parameters were calculated: speed, course, latitude, altitude, vertical speed, vertical acceleration, path for different flight modes. Therefore, the study of the sensitivity of the AGS to errors in the measurement of speed, latitude and course, depending on a number of parameters of the aircraft movement, showed that in the case of aviation gravimetric measurements along the Earth’s meridian, it is necessary to accurately determine the course, along the Earth’s parallel – to accurately measure the speed, in mid-latitudes – latitude . It is substantiated that the use of a new two-channel transformer gravimeter provides the necessary increase in the accuracy of AGS. Changes in the sensitivity of the error of the AGS output signal to speed measurement errors were studied depending on the latitude of the site at constant values of the course, as well as on the course of the aircraft at constant values of the latitude. It is shown that the sensitivity of the AGS to speed measurement errors is maximum for the east and west courses (22.6 mGl/m/s and – 6.5 mGl/m/s, respectively) at the location latitude j= 00; minimum for north and south courses and at j=900 regardless of the course (8.05 mGl/m/s). Permissible values of errors in determining the flight parameters of the aircraft were calculated: speed 0.05…0.15 m/s, heading 1.43…3 arcmin, latitude 0.5…1.5 arcmin. min., height 3.3…10 m, vertical speed (0.5…1).102 m/s, vertical acceleration (1…3).10-5 m/s2, path (1.5…4.5) m.

Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation and Cardiovascular Outcomes for Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Sham-controlled trials are needed to characterize the effect of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) therapy on cardiovascular end points in patients with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To determine the effect of therapeutic levels of HGNS, compared to sham levels, on blood pressure, sympathetic activity, and vascular function. This double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized crossover therapy trial was conducted from 2018 to 2022 at 3 separate academic medical centers. Adult patients with OSA who already had an HGNS device implanted and were adherent and clinically optimized to HGNS therapy were included. Participants who had fallen asleep while driving within 1 year prior to HGNS implantation were excluded from the trial. Data analysis was performed from January to September 2022. Participants underwent a 4-week period of active HGNS therapy and a 4-week period of sham HGNS therapy in a randomized order. Each 4-week period concluded with collection of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), pre-ejection period (PEP), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) values. The change in mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure was the primary outcome, with other ABPM end points exploratory, and PEP and FMD were cosecondary end points. Participants (n = 60) were older (mean [SD] age, 67.3 [9.9] years), overweight (mean [SD] body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, 28.7 [4.6]), predominantly male (38 [63%]), and had severe OSA at baseline (mean [SD] apnea-hypopnea index, 33.1 [14.9] events/h). There were no differences observed between active and sham therapy in 24-hour systolic blood pressure (mean change on active therapy, -0.18 [95% CI, -2.21 to 1.84] mm Hg), PEP (mean change on active therapy, 0.11 [95% CI, -5.43 to 5.66] milliseconds), or FMD (mean change on active therapy, -0.17% [95% CI, -1.88% to 1.54%]). Larger differences between active and sham therapy were observed in a per-protocol analysis set (n = 20) defined as experiencing at least a 50% reduction in apnea-hypopnea index between sham and active treatment. In this sham-controlled HGNS randomized clinical trial, mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure and other cardiovascular measures were not significantly different between sham and active HGNS therapy. Several methodologic lessons can be gleaned to inform future HGNS randomized clinical trials. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03359096.