Height Gain Research Articles

Clinical and radiological comparison of a dynamic implant valve vs a hydraulic maxillary sinus lift augmentation technique with simultaneous implant insertion

The study aimed to compare between dynamic implant valve (DIVA) and the crestal ballooning techniques in elevating the maxillary sinus membrane (MSM) in conjunction with simultaneous implantation. Patients and methods: 20-patient prospective clinical cohort study. Ages ranged from 42 to 53 years, and had atrophic edentulous maxillae in the posterior region. To determine maxillary sinus status, patients were investigated utilizing intraoral clinical photographs and CBCT series. Closed Sinus Lifting done and compared between DIVA and ballooning techniques on patients who were randomly separated into two equal groups. The predicted research variables were intraoperative primary stability and level of sinus membrane lift. The main outcome factors were secondary implant Osseointegration stability (ISQ) and the amount of bone height gain. Results: Before surgery, the DIVA and Balloon groups had mean bone heights of 5.8 ± 0.67mm and 6.8 ± 0.86mm , which increased significantly to 12.8± 0.53 and 10.8± 0.67 after 6 months postoperatively. ISQ for DIVA and Balloon groups were 39.0± 2.16 and 40.0±2.16 preoperatively, respectively, and increased to 71.7±1.60 and 70.4±1.27 nine months postoperatively which was significantly higher at 3 months in DIVA group.

Deriving stair-climbing performance outcome measures using the smartphone barometer: Results of an algorithm development study

As we seek to gain richer insights to understand intervention effects, and increasingly decentralise aspects of clinical trials to simplify participation, there is a growing interest in leveraging wearables and sensors to generate novel and informative clinical outcome measures for at-home assessment. The sensors embedded within smartphone technology provide one approach to capture of this data, and may be particularly useful when patients are already using mobile devices for at-home capture of other clinical trials data, such as patient-reported outcomes.We describe the results of an initial algorithm development study to determine whether the atmospheric pressure data provided by an onboard smartphone sensor is sufficiently informative to enable detection of a small height gain, such as that achieved during a short stair climb performance test. We were able to sufficiently distinguish height changes of 0.6 m in indoor conditions, representing around 4 stairs on an average staircase. This suggests that the smartphone barometer may indeed be suitable for inclusion within future work developing a stair-climbing performance outcome test instrumented using a mobile application.

Platelet rich plasma or platelet rich fibrin: which is better in post extraction immediate implant placement followed by immediate loading?

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) used with phosphosilicate putty during immediate post extraction implant placement and immediate loading.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective comparative clinical study was conducted on 20 adults. Two groups were made with 10 patients in each by random selection. Each patient required tooth extraction and replacement with immediate implantation and immediate loading. In Group 1 PRP was prepared from the patient's blood, mixed with alloplastic graft, and packed in peri-implant space and similarly in Group 2 PRF was prepared from the patient's blood and mixed with alloplastic graft in peri-implant space. All the patients were evaluated for postoperative pain, soft tissue analysis, implant mobility, and crestal bone height changes were observed for up to 6 months, using paired/independent t-test, and Chi-square test.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> It was seen that for pain on 1st postop day Group 1 had shown superior results than Group 2 after 7 days both groups showed good soft tissue healing. No significant difference was found in both groups when seen for implant mobility. The difference in crestal bone height gain in the first 3 months of Group 2 showed a remarkable height gain than in Group 1. And at 6th month overall crestal height gain difference between both groups was non-significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The autologous PRF can present new possibilities for enhanced healing and functional recovery over PRP during immediate post extractive implantation and immediate loading.</p>

Surgical management of peri‐implantitis: A narrative review

AbstractBackground and aimPeri‐implantitis is a biological complication characterised by inflammation and progressive bone loss around a dental implant. The definitions of peri‐implantitis show inconsistency, making diagnosis and treatment regimen incomparable. The 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant diseases rationalised the definition of peri‐implantitis. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the surgical management of peri‐implantitis and critically evaluate current evidence published after the 2017 World Workshop.MethodAn electronic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library was performed, limited to prospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials. Outcome measures were: bleeding on probing, suppuration on probing, pocket probing depth and radiographic marginal bone level.ResultsNine randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. None of the studies used the 2017 World Workshop definition for peri‐implantitis. Seven studies were regenerative in nature (four xenografts, two alloplasts and one enamel matrix derivative). Two studies were non‐regenerative. Aggregation of outcome data was not possible due to significant heterogeneities for treatment protocols and volunteer inclusion criteria. All interventions led to a reduction in bleeding on probing and pocket probing depths. Gain in radiographic bone height was greater for regenerative studies.ConclusionSurgical interventions for peri‐implantitis appear effective at reducing clinical signs of inflammation in the short term. There is no reliable evidence to determine which methods are most effective. Universal adoption of the 2017 World Workshop definition of peri‐implantitis by future studies is a prerequisite for the development of standardised evidence‐based protocols for the treatment of peri‐implantitis.

The Different Effects of Skeletal Muscle and Fat Mass on Height Increment in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-11 Years: A Cohort Study From China.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the contribution of body composition including skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and body fat mass (BFM) to longitudinal growth among children and adolescents aged 6–11 years old.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted from the annual health examination between 2019 and 2020. Annual height gain and weight gain and changes in SMM and BFM were calculated and compared between sexes, different nutritional status, and growth curve shifting mode. Spearman analyses and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to identify the impact of SMM, BFM, or body mass index (BMI) on height gain.ResultsOf the 584 subjects, the annual height gains of boys (4.76 cm in the 6–9-year group and 4.63 cm in the 10–11-year group) were significantly lower than those of girls (5.48 and 5.74 cm, respectively). Spearman analysis showed that SMM gain and height gain were positively and significantly correlated in each examination of all children (r = 0.535 for boys and 0.734 for girls, p < 0.001). Conversely, BFM and height gains were negatively (r = -0.5240 for boys and -0.232 for girls, p < 0.001) correlated. Multiple linear regression analysis identified SMM gain as an independent predictor (95% CI: 1.20,1.44) of height gain after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, BFM gain, and percentage of body fat (PBF).ConclusionSMM gains, rather than BFM gains, were associated with height gains in children and adolescents aged 6–11 years. Monitoring SMM changes in routine healthcare might motivate children and adolescents to achieve dietary and exercise recommendations, thereby growing taller without gaining excessive weight.

Long-Term Treatment With Letrozole in a Boy With Familial Male-Limited Precocious Puberty.

BackgroundThe long-term follow-up in children with familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP) who were treated with letrozole, triptorelin, and spironolactone is limited, especially considering the efficiency and safety.ObjectiveWe describe the clinical characteristics and long-term treatment with letrozole on adult height of a boy diagnosed with FMPP, confirmed by analysis of the LHCGR gene.MethodsPhysical examinations, bone age (BA), testosterone, and gonadotropin levels were measured as well as gene sequencing of the proband and parents.ResultsThe boy was referred to the hospital at 3.1 years of age due to peripheral precocious puberty. His height was 116.8cm (+5.1SD) and BA was 9 years. Genetic analysis revealed a patrilineal c.1703C>T.(p.Ala568Val) mutation of the LHCGR gene. After treating with letrozole for 1.6 years, the height according to BA went from -3.52SD to -2.82SD. Triptorelin was added at age 4.7 years based on both the evidence of central puberty and his growth velocity according to BA. During the 6.9 years of treatment, he had a height gain of 51.9cm, and BA increased 5.2 years. At age 10, his present height is 168.7cm (0.05SD) and BA is 14.7 years. No adverse effects of treatment were encountered.ConclusionA patrilineal mutation of the LHCGR gene has been identified in a boy with FMPP. His height is 168.7cm (-0.05SD) which is approaching his adult height after long-term treatment with letrozole, triptorelin, and spironolactone.

Radiographic comparison between Densah burs and osteotome for graftless internal sinus lifting with simultaneous implant placement: a randomized clinical trial

Implant placement in the posterior maxilla is not an easy procedure, not only due to the low quality of bone, but also the physiological pneumatization, which decreases the remaining bone height to the maxillary sinus. Sinus lifting is an alternative for implant placement in these cases. The aim of this study was to radiographically compare the effect of Densah densifying burs versus osteotome in transcrestal sinus lifting. Twelve patients with missing premolars or molars and limited residual bone height were enrolled in the study and divided equally (by coin toss) into two groups: group A underwent densifying bur sinus lifting and group B underwent osteotome sinus lifting. Follow-up was performed over 6 months. Bone density (measured around the implant and at the implant apex) and bone height gain (measured using three reference points across the implant length) were measured using OnDemand 3D software. Bone density around the implant was found to be significantly higher for the densifying burs (P = 0.010); however, no significant difference in bone height gain (P = 0.985) or apical bone density (P = 0.337) was detected between the two groups. Densifying burs significantly improved bone density around dental implants, but did not prove to provide a significantly higher bone height gain or apical density compared to osteotomes in graftless internal sinus lifting. Trial registration numberClinical trial.gov registration ID #NCT04688957.

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Its Association with Maternal and Newborn Outcomes.

Background: Pregnancy is a crucial stage in a woman’s life and can be affected by epigenetic and environmental factors. Diet also plays a key role in gestation. This study aimed to evaluate how a greater or lesser adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) influences specific parameters of mother and newborn. Methods: After delivery, the women participating in the study answered a questionnaire: demographic information; anthropometric data (pre-pregnancy weight, height, and gestational weight gain); dietary habits information (adherence to MD before and during pregnancy, using the validated Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), quality of protein intake); pregnancy information (onset of complications, cesarean/vaginal delivery, gestational age at birth, birth weight, birth length); and clinical practitioner for personalized dietary patterns during pregnancy. Results: A total of 501 respondents have been included in the study, and 135 were excluded for complications. Women who followed the advice of clinical nutritionists showed better adherence to MD (p = 0.02), and the baby’s birth weight was higher (p = 0.02). Significant differences in gestational weight gain (p < 0.01) between groups with dissimilar diet adherence were demonstrated. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate a significant relationship between adherence to MD and birthweight.

Hip replacement improves lumbar flexibility and intervertebral disc height — a prospective observational investigation with standing and sitting assessment of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

PurposeThe pathogenic mechanism of the hip–spine syndrome is still poorly elucidated. Some studies have reported a reduction in low back pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the biomechanical mechanisms of THA acting on the lumbar spine are not well understood. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of THA on (1) the lumbar lordosis and the lumbar flexibility and (2) the lumbar intervertebral disc height.MethodsA total of 197 primary THA patients were prospectively enrolled. Pre- and post-operative biplanar stereoradiography was performed in standing and sitting positions. Spinopelvic parameters (lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt, sacral slope, pelvic incidence), sagittal spinal alignment (sagittal vertical axis, PI-LL mismatch (PI-LL)) and lumbar disc height index (DHI) for each segment (L1/2 to L5/S1) were evaluated. The difference between standing and sitting LL (∆LL = LLstanding − LLsitting) was determined as lumbar flexibility. Osteochondrosis intervertebralis was graded according to Kellgren and Lawrence (0–4), and patients were assigned to subgroups (mild: 0–2; severe: 3–4).ResultsLumbar flexibility increased significantly after THA (pre: 22.04 ± 12.26°; post: 25.87 ± 12.26°; p < 0.001), due to significant alterations in LL in standing (pre: 51.3 ± 14.3°; post: 52.4 ± 13.8°; p < 0.001) and sitting (pre: 29.4 ± 15.4°; post: 26.7 ± 15.4°; p = 0.01). ∆LL increased significantly in both subgroups stratified by osteochondrosis (pre/post: ΔLLmild: 25.4 (± 11.8)/29.4 ± 12.0°; p < 0.001; ΔLLsevere: 17.5 (± 11.4)/21.0 ± 10.9°; p = 0.003). The DHI increased significantly from pre-operatively to post-operatively in each lumbar segment. PI-LL mismatch decreased significantly after THA (pre: 3.5°; post: 1.4°; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe impact of THA on the spinopelvic complex was demonstrated by significantly improved lumbar flexibility and a gain in post-operative disc height. These results illustrate the close interaction between the pelvis and the vertebral column. The investigation provides new insights into the biomechanical patterns influencing the hip–spine syndrome.

Response to selection for growth in successive mass selected generations of Iwagaki oyster Crassostrea nippona

The Iwagaki oyster (Crassostrea nippona) is a potential aquaculture species with delicious taste and edibility in summer when the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) suffer from low meat quality. Although there is an increasing interest in hatchery mass production and field grow-out among farmers, large-scale expansion of C. nippona aquaculture has been compromised by unimproved growth performance. To improve the growth rate of C. nippona, we initiated the mass selective breeding program for fast growth in 2014 and estimated the genetic parameters of growth traits in the first three successive mass-selected generations. Each selected line exhibited better growth performance than the corresponding control group at all sampling dates. At grow-out stage, the average selection response (SR), realized heritability (hR2) and genetic gain (GG) for shell height was 0.45–0.56, 0.27–0.42 and 9.20–11.12% in the three mass selected lines, respectively. A significant increase in GG for shell height was observed in the third-generation selected line compared with that in the first-generation (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the average SR (0.44–0.49) and GG (11.07–12.46%) for body weight of C. nippona were observed in the selective breeding program after three successive generations of mass selection. The encouraging results obtained in this study suggest that genetic variances still remain at a relatively high level in the breeding populations of C. nippona, and demonstrate the feasibility of improving the growth traits by selective breeding for C. nippona.

P-764 Is children’s health up to two years of age affected by embryo vitrification?

Abstract Study question Does embryo vitrification affect children’s health including growth, up to 2 years of age when compared to fresh embryo transfer? Summary answer While embryo vitrification had an impact on birth parameters, no differences in growth or health outcomes were found up to 2 years of age. What is known already Vitrification has become the preferred cryopreservation method for embryos. Frozen embryo transfer has been repeatedly associated with altered health outcomes when compared with fresh transfer including a decreased risk for small-for gestational age (SGA) and an increased risk for large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and macrosomia. Not only there is uncertainty which factors are responsible for the observed differences, also the heterogeneity among studies limits overall conclusions. Notwithstanding the observed differences at birth, little is known about growth and health of children born after embryo vitrification beyond birth while aberrant growth trajectories have been linked to cardiometabolic morbidity later in life. Study design, size, duration This single-center cohort study compared anthropometry and health outcomes in singletons conceived after cleavage-stage or blastocyst-stage embryo vitrification with results after fresh embryo transfer between 2014 and 2018. Pregnancies after PGT, IVM, oocyte vitrification or oocyte/embryo donation were excluded. Eligible singletons living in Belgium and randomly selected for continued follow-up were invited for examination in our center at 2 months (infancy) and 2 years of age (early childhood). Participants/materials, setting, methods Birth characteristics were available for 1237 and 2063 children born after embryo vitrification and fresh embryo transfer, respectively. Follow-up data were available for 582 and 757 children at 2 months and for 233 and 296 children at 2 years. Growth parameters were adjusted for neonatal, treatment and maternal characteristics. Subgroup analysis according to cycle regimen (HRT versus NC) and strategy (freeze-all versus previous fresh cycle) was performed. In addition, outcomes restricted to blastocysts are presented. Main results and the role of chance Mothers giving birth to a child conceived after embryo vitrification presented more often with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders than controls (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Birthweight, height and head circumference SDS of children born after embryo vitrification were higher than for children born after fresh embryo transfer (all P &amp;lt; 0.001) even after adjustment for neonatal, treatment and maternal characteristics. Embryo vitrification was also associated with a decreased risk of SGA (AOR 0.48; 0.00, 0.44) and an increased risk of macrosomia and LGA (AOR 3.59; 1.12, 11.59)(all P &amp;lt; 0.05). Restricting the sample to blastocysts (n = 1795), we found a higher birthweight SDS and increased risks of LGA, macrosomia and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders after vitrification (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). At infancy, weight and height SDS were larger for children born after embryo vitrification, but not after adjustment for co-variates. At childhood, no differences in anthropometrics were found between the groups. Weight and height gain from birth to infancy and from infancy to early childhood were comparable between the groups. Until 2 years, comparable rates of severe developmental problems, hospital admissions, surgical interventions and of chronic medication intake were found between the groups. Subgroup analysis showed that growth parameters at all ages were not affected by cycle regimen or cycle strategy. Limitations, reasons for caution Participation rate at 2 years was lower than expected in both groups, probably due to cancellation/postponement of the visit related to the corona pandemic. Furthermore, although cycle strategy was not found to affect growth parameters, the sample size of the subgroup analysis remains rather small to draw firm conclusions. Wider implications of the findings When adjusted for co-variates including birthweight, the observed differences in anthropometrics at birth in children born after embryo vitrification attenuated by 2 years of age. This suggests that outcomes in early childhood are determined by size at birth. Trial registration number Not applicable

Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat yang Dibudidayakan di Tanah Mineral dengan Perlakuan Ampas Teh dan Kotoran Sapi

Tomato is a vegetable commodity that is needed on a large scale so its cultivation needs to be intensified. Tomato production is often constrained due to productivity and limited land, thereby reducing genetic potential and poor fertility. Therefore, intensification measures are needed in optimizing productivity and land limitations, especially the problem of urban farming. Tea dregs and cow dung become potential as well as alternatives in increasing soil fertility, especially for urban farmers who use urban land and yards for cultivation activities. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of a combination of tea dregs and cow dung at an efficient and effective dose on the increase in plant height, leaf surface area, root volume, dry weight of tomato plants. This research was conducted from February 2021 to June 2021 with a factorial randomized block design (RAK) with a BNJ 5% analysis model. The combination treatments used were tea dregs (A) and cow dung (S) with a dose level of A0 = 0 g/polybag; A1 = 10 g/ polybag; A2 = 20 g/ polybag; A3 = 30 g/ polybag; S0 = 0 g/ polybag; S1 = 29.7 g/ polybag; S2 = 44.5 g/ polybag; S3 = 74.2 g/polybag combined between types of materials and dose levels so that there are 16 factorial combinations that were repeated 3 times. The results of this study indicated that treatment of A1S3 was effective and efficient in increasing plant height gain, encouraging the formation of leaf surface area, increasing root growth, and producing tomato plant dry weight.

Respuesta al tratamiento con hormona del crecimiento en pacientes con secreción suficiente

BackgroundThere are situations of short stature, with a normal stimulus test for GH, but decreased nocturnal secretion in which there could be a benefit with GH treatment. ObjetivesTo assess adult height and height gain in patients with neurosecretory dysfunction diagnosis treated with growth hormone. Material y methodsLongitudinal, retrospective and observational study including 61 patients treated with growth hormone after diagnosis of neurosecretory dysfunction who have already reached adult height. Variables such as adult height gain, growth rate, growth prognosis variation and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were evaluated. Variables related to a good response in the first year have also been calculated, using the index of responsiveness. ResultsGH treatment produces an improvement in growth rate and height, observing an increase in adult height with respect to initial height of 1.15±0.60 SD, height with respect to genetic height of −0.015±0.62 SD and adult height with respect to the initial growth prognosis 0,74±1,13 DE. The index of responsiveness in the first year is associated with a greater increase in height in the first year (P<0.001), with a greater adult height (P<0.001) and with a greater gain in adult height compared to its initial height (P=0.039). ConclusionsPatients with growth delay due to neurosecretory dysfunction of GH show a good response to treatment with rhGH, observing a significant height gain in their genetic size and improving their initial growth prognosis.

Heterozygous NPR2 Variants in Idiopathic Short Stature.

Heterozygous variants in the NPR2 gene, which encodes the B-type natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-B), a regulator of skeletal growth, were reported in 2–6% cases of idiopathic short stature (ISS). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we aimed to assess the frequency of NPR2 variants in our study cohort consisting of 150 children and adolescents with ISS, describe the NPR2 phenotypic spectrum with a growth pattern including birth data, and study the response to growth hormone (GH) treatment. A total of ten heterozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic NPR2 variants and two heterozygous NPR2 variants of uncertain significance were detected in twelve participants (frequency of causal variants: 10/150, 6.7%). During follow-up, the NPR2 individuals presented with a growth pattern varying from low–normal to significant short stature. A clinically relevant increase in BMI (a mean gain in the BMI SDS of +1.41), a characteristic previously not reported in NPR2 individuals, was observed. In total, 8.8% participants born small for their gestational age (SGA) carried the NPR2 causal variant. The response to GH treatment was variable (SDS height gain ranging from −0.01 to +0.74). According to the results, NPR2 variants present a frequent cause of ISS and familial short stature. Phenotyping variability in growth patterns and variable responses to GH treatment should be considered.

047 Multifactorial obesity: The influence of obesity on pubertal development and the HPG axis

Around 370 million children worldwide are overweight or obese [DiCesare], which poses a serious threat to global health perspective. Obesity is a disease, which means that once obese, the biological systems change to a different setpoint which makes losing weight with lifestyle intervention only very difficult. We know that nutritional status is an important regulator of growth and puberty. This presentation will focus on the impact of obesity in children on growth and puberty. BMI gain as well as obesity are related to an increased height gain during childhood and taller stature. However, not at birth or at 18 years. One of the explanations is that obese children stop growing earlier because they have an advanced bone age. Several hormones are suggested as possible mediators for this effect on growth and bone age: insulin, leptin or sex steroids like androgens or estrogens. No definite candidate has been identified yet, but both leptin and estrogen are important hormones in activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat tissue. It informs the brain on the body’s energy storage. When there is too little, the body will not enter puberty, which costs a lot of energy. Estrogen is produces by gonads, but also by adipose tissue by aromatization of androgens into estrogens. Adrenal androgen levels are increased in children with obesity. Data from large cohort studies show that BMI and obesity are associated with early start of puberty, early pubarche and younger age of menarche. Physicians treating children and adolescents need to bear in mind that childhood obesity is associated with alterations in growth and pubertal development [ 1 Di Cesare M. Sorić M. Bovet P. Miranda J.J. Bhutta Z. Stevens G.A. Laxmaiah A. et al. The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action. BMC Med. 2019; 17: 212 Crossref PubMed Scopus (269) Google Scholar , 2 de Groot C.J. van den Berg A. Ballieux B. Kroon H.M. Rings E.H.H.M. Wit J.M. et al. Determinants of advanced bone age in childhood obesity. Horm Res Paediatr. 2017; 87: 254-263 Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar , 3 He Q. Karlberg J. Bmi in childhood and its association with height gain, timing of puberty, and final height. Pediatr Res. 2001; 49 Crossref PubMed Scopus (319) Google Scholar , 4 Sørensen K. Mouritsen A. Aksglaede L. Hagen C.P. Mogensen S.S. Juul A. Recent secular trends in pubertal timing: implications for evaluation and diagnosis of precocious puberty. Horm Res Paediatr. 2012; 77: 137-145 Crossref PubMed Scopus (215) Google Scholar , 5 Eckert-Lind C. Busch A.S. Petersen J.H. Biro F.M. Butler G. Bräuner E.V. Juul A. Worldwide secular trends in age at pubertal onset assessed by breast development among girls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2020; 174: e195881 Crossref PubMed Scopus (84) Google Scholar ].

Effect of Rebon Shrimp-Based Supplementary Feeding on Height of Stunted Children

In Indonesia, as other developing countries, stunting is still prevalent especially in children. Stunting significantly affects person's development in future. Stunting occurs about 162 million children under 5 years worldwide. It is generally caused by insufficient nutritional intake mostly on children from underprivileged families. Rebon-shrimp is a nutritious and inexpensive local food, but its utilization is still low. It is potential to be an additional food for children. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of rebon-shrimp based supplementary feeding on weight and height in malnourished children aged 24-60 months. This study is a quasi-experimental design, involving 88 malnourished children, divided into 2 groups, intervention (n=44) and control (n=44). The intervention group received rebon-shrimp based supplementary food for 90 days, while the control group received a placebo. Height was assessed at baseline and monthly follow-ups until endline at Day 90. The results were analyzed by repeated-measures anova test. There was a statistical difference (p&lt;0.0001) in height gain on both groups, but the increase in height of children who received rebon products (3.94cm) was greater than children who did not receive rebon products (2.92cm). It was concluded that supplementary food made from rebon-shrimp was beneficial for increasing height of stunted children. Keywords : rebon-shrimp; supplementary food; stunted

Retrospective Investigation of Cranial Volume and Cephalic Index in Patients with Nonsyndromic Sagittal Synostosis Operated by Total Vault Remodeling

Background: Premature fusion of cranial sutures affects skull development and leads to head deformity. Intracranial pressure increase and brain growth restriction can occur in untreated craniosynostosis. Operative treatment aims to achieve an immediate and long-lasting correction of skull shape that is close to the average and to prevent or release possible increased intracranial pressure by increasing the intracranial volume (ICV) or normalizing the ICV if it is already below the standards. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a total calvarial reconstruction on skull development in patients with nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis. Material and Methods: The study population included 19 male and 5 female patients with isolated nonsyndromic sagittal suture synostosis. During the operation, temporarily fixed prebent metal plates provided an intraoperative reference for the desired cranial expansion gain of height and shortening. Preoperative and postoperative ICVs and cephalic indices were measured on computed tomography datasets using the software program ImageJ and were compared with one another and with normative data. Results: The male population presented with a preoperative mean ICV of 863.3 cm³. A postoperative mean ICV increase of 243.5 cm³ (p < 0.001) and a further ICV enlargement (p < 0.001) was measured. The mean CI changed from 71.0% preoperatively to 75.4% postoperatively (p = 0.002) and decreased insignificantly in the follow-up (p = 0.546). The female population had a preoperative mean ICV of 804.9 cm³. Postoperatively, the mean ICV increased by 211.1 cm³ (p = 0.043) and also increased in the follow-up (p = 0.043). Their mean CI values increased from 66.5% preoperatively to 72.8% (p = 0.043) postoperatively and decreased insignificantly in the follow-up (p = 0.345). Conclusion: This method of total vault remodeling provides reliable ICV increase and improvement in length and width of skull proportions beyond the immediate postoperative period together with an ICV increase.

Isolated childhood growth hormone deficiency: a 30-year experience on final height and a new prediction model.

We aimed to evaluate the near-final height (nFHt) in a large cohort of pediatricpatients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and to elaborate a new predictive method of nFHt. We recruited GHD patients diagnosed between 1987 and 2014 and followed-up until nFHt. To predict the values of nFHt, each predictor was run in a univariable spline. We enrolled 1051 patients. Pre-treatment height was -2.43 SDS, lower than parental height (THt) (-1.09 SDS, p < 0.001). The dose of recombinant human GH (rhGH) was 0.21mg/kg/week at start of treatment. nFHt was -1.08 SDS (height gain 1.27 SDS), higher than pre-treatment height (p < 0.001) and comparable to THt. 1.6% of the patients were shorter than -2 SDS from THt. The rhGH dose at nFHt was 0.19 mg/kg/week, lower than at the start (p < 0.001). The polynomial regression showed that nFHt was affected by gender, THt, age at puberty, height at puberty, age at the end of treatment (F = 325.37, p < 0.0001, R2 87.2%). This large national study shows that GHD children can reach their THt. The rhGH/kg/day dose significantly decreased from the start to the end of the treatment. Our model suggests the importance of a timely diagnosis, possibly before puberty, the beneficial effect of long-term treatment with rhGH, and the key-role of THt. Our prediction model has a very acceptable error compared to the majority of other published studies.

The impact of milk suckling protocol and schedule on body weight and some morphometric measurements of Holstein heifers

Having a successful heifer raising operation is not only relevant financially, but also influential for the future of the dairy herds. Milk feeding has a significant role on the health and growth of calves before weaning, in addition to the direct progressive effects on future performance post-weaning. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of constants amount of milk (CMS) versus step-up/step-down (SUSD) on calf performance in two different suckling schedules of suckling milk gradually till 9th weeks of calf age, then decreasing it till weaning. For this study, forty Holstein heifers calves utilized between birth and 8 months of age were randomly divided into four groups of 10 calves each. Grouping was performed according to suckling protocol (constant versus variable) and suckling schedule (2 versus 3 times/day). Each calf suckled 600 kg of milk in a suckling period of 120 days. Body weight (BW), in addition to five body measurements: chest girth (CG), height at wither (HW), height at rump (HR), body length (BL), and diagonal length (DL), were recorded weekly. The heaviest BW was observed on SUSD calves suckling twice/day which had also the highest HW at weaning. Similarly, were BW, HW, and CG at 6 months of age. Also, the same group achieved the largest daily BW (0.902 kg/day), BL (0.246 cm), and CG (0.338 cm/day) gains during the pre-weaning phase. However, CMS suckled 3 times/day calves had the largest daily BW gain between birth and 6 or 8 months of age. CMS twice/day calves had the largest daily gain in CG from weaning to 6 months and from weaning to 8 months of age followed by SUSD suckling 3 times/day calves. Also, CMS twice/day calves had the largest daily gain in rump height from birth to 8 months of age compared to other groups. It can be concluded that when equal amounts of milk were fed during the suckling period, suckling protocol affected growth rate before weaning but that effect diminished as calf age increased after weaning.

Seasonality of Children's Height and Weight and Their Contribution to Accelerated Summer Weight Gain.

Background: While children have been shown to have increased BMI during the summer compared to the school year, it is not known if this may be due to seasonal variations in height or weight separately. Methods: Trained nurses measured heights (cm) and weights (kg) in a cohort of Kindergarteners (n = 7648) twice per year from the beginning of kindergarten through 5th grade. Variation in height and weight by season (school year vs. summer) was examined using separate mixed-effects models. Season, sex, and BMI trajectory group were tested as fixed effects. Random effects included repeated measurements of time, students nested within a school, intercept, and slope for growth over time. Similar models using BMIz as the outcome examined the interaction of height or weight with season. Results: The rate of height gain was greater during the school year (∼Sept to April) compared to summer (∼April to Sept) (β = -0.05, SE = 0.013, p < 0.0001). The rate of weight gain did not differ seasonally. Height gain was more strongly associated with increased BMIz during summer compared to the school year (β =.02, SE = 0.005, p <0 .0001), mainly among children who remained healthy weight throughout elementary school (β = 0.014, SE = 0.003, p < 0.0001) and those who transitioned to a healthier weight status (β = 0.026, SE = 0.008, p = 0.004). We found a similar seasonal effect for the association between weight with BMIz among children who maintained a healthy weight status (β = 0.014, SE = 0.014, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates seasonality in children’s height gain, gaining height at a faster rate during the school year compared to the summer, while weight gain remained relatively more consistent throughout the year. Seasonality in height and weight gain had the greatest impact on BMIz among children with a healthy weight status. Future research with more frequent measurements is needed to better understand the seasonal regulation of children’s growth and weight gain.