Heibei Province Research Articles

Numerical simulation of the interaction between mine water drainage and recharge: A case study of Wutongzhuang coal mine in Heibei Province, China

Water inflow poses a critical safety concern in coal mining. The pressing challenge in current mine water inflow research is the need to enhance the prediction of dynamic changes in mine water inflow across different mining stages. In this study, the hydrogeological conditions and aquifer structural characteristics of the Wutongzhuang Coal Mine in Hebei Province, China were analyzed, and the results were combined with pumping test and drilling data. A numerical model of groundwater flow in the study area was established using Visual MODFLOW and the model was calibrated and verified by comparing its results with the measured values to ensure that it realistically reflected the state of groundwater movement in the study area. The results of numerical simulation indicated that: (1) The water level of the Ordovician aquifer varies significantly by season. A large exposed area of Ordovician limestone in the western mountainous region receives a large amount of rainfall infiltration recharge in the summer rainy period that raises the water level of the Ordovician aquifer in the study area. (2) The groundwater system in the study area is in an equilibrium state, with the water inflow approximately equal to the outflow. (3) The recharge of mine drainage water has a slight positive effect on the Ordovician water level and the floor water inflow, with the impact on the water level of the aquifer decreasing as the distance from the recharge well and the import of Ordovician limestone water increase. In cases in which there is mine water recharge, the water level of the Ordovician aquifer is approximately 0.33 to 1.37 m higher than in cases without recharge, resulting in an increase in water inflow of approximately 10.6 m3/d. (4) In cases in which there is recharge of all drainage water, the maximum water inflow into the fifth mining area is 3,491.3 m3/d, which is 12.5 m3/d higher than in the case without recharge. These results provide important technical references for the formulation of mining schemes and water prevention measures in mining areas.

Microclimate Analysis of the High-Impact Weather for the Power Grid Operation in the Jibei Region of China

High-impact weather affects the safety and economic operation of power systems. In this study, to provide regional microclimate of high-impact weather for the local power grid system in the northern Heibei province (known as the Jibei region in China), ERA5-Land global reanalysis data during 1981–2020 with a 0.1° grid size (about 9 km) are adopted to analyze the climate statistics and changes of the disastrous weather that affects the power grids. The results show that there have been significant climate changes in the region, including a temperature increase of about 1 °C, evident humidity and precipitation reductions, for the Jibei region and the six sub-regions that concentrated with wind and solar energy development in the 40 years. Due to the differences in terrain, the climate changes differ significantly among the six renewable energy development regions. The main types of high-impact weather that affect the power grid in the region are heavy fog and icing events, followed by cold waves, snowstorms, and rainstorms. In general, with climate changes in the last several decades, the weather disasters in Jibei region have become more frequent. Since most high-impact weather events have a small scale, it is necessary to simulate the weather processes with high-resolution models to accurately quantify the characteristics of the weather processes that affect the power grid. Therefore, a refined regional meteorological model (with grid size of 2 km) based on four-dimensional data assimilation (JB-FDDA) is established for the Jibei region. With one year of model reanalysis data, we found that JB-FDDA can significantly improve the accuracy of the local meteorological fields, and properly depicted the details of severe weather that affect the power grid operation. This study provide an analytical approach for regional electricity meteorological disasters by using reanalysis data.

Emission of Rn and CO2From Soil at Fault Zones Caused by Seismic Waves

AbstractIn the search for precursors to earthquakes, correlation has been found between geochemical characteristics of soil gases and seismic activity. In this paper we present evidence that seismic waves can trigger emission of soil radon (Rn) and carbon dioxide (CO2). An active experiment was performed in two fault zones in China, the Annighe fault in Sichuan province and the Xiadian fault in Heibei province. An active seismic source was used to generate seismic waves at 10 m depth in wells within bedrock. Rn and CO2detectors were placed around the wells at a distance of ∼1 m for observing the effects of the seismic waves on the emission of the gases. The observations confirm that the seismic waves have a significant and direct effect on the concentration and flux of soil radon and carbon dioxide. When the seismic events were triggered, the observed concentrations of Rn and CO2immediately increased and reached peak values within 5–50 min and 30–60 min, with corresponding increases of Rn and CO2concentrations by 10.5%–238.7% and 3.1%–54.1%, respectively. The measured concentrations and flux of CO2and Rn after the passage of the seismic waves showed strong correlation, confirming the suggestion that CO2is the carrier gas for Rn. To the best of our knowledge this is the first direct, in‐situ measurement of gas emission caused by the passage of seismic waves and provides important constraints for better understanding of geochemical earthquake precursors.

Vertical tectonics of a Neoarchean gneiss dome in the eastern North China Craton

Archean gneiss domes are a very common structure in old cratons, these are different from the structural patterns in the post‐Archean linear orogenic belts related to subduction and collision. There are two tectonic models in Archean tectonics: horizontal tectonism and vertical tectonism. The formation mechanisms of Archean gneiss domes are still debated. Here we present data from the Anziling gneiss dome, a typical gneiss dome structure from the eastern North China Craton, which was formed dominantly by vertical tectonism during Neoarchean times (2554–2452 Ma). The Anziling gneiss dome is located in the east of Shuangshanzi, East Heibei Province and consists of the Anziling gneiss (a diopside‐monzonitic gneiss) in the center outwards surrounded by the Jiguanshan gneiss (hornblende‐plagioclase gneiss) and the Niuxinshan gneiss (trondhjemitic gneiss), together showing an irregular elliptical shape with a NE‐ward extending tail on the surface. But in the cross‐section, it represents a deflective dome, both north‐western and south‐eastern limbs dip approximately to the west. The dome suffered inhomogeneous ductile shear deformation, much stronger with more displacement in the north‐western half (especially close to the margin) than that in the eastern half. The core area shows only a relatively weak deformation. Therefore, we suggest that the Anziling gneiss dome was formed by the TTG (trondhjemite, tonalite, granodiorite) pluton rising obliquely up towards the east by diapirism in the first stage, followed by sub‐horizontal emplacement towards the north and then to the north‐east associated with clockwise rotation in the second stage. The Anziling gneiss dome and its neighbouring Shuangshanzi shear zone were formed simultaneously, indicating that the Anziling gneiss dome was driven by both gravitational forces and magma diapirism.

Discrimination of Geographical Origin of Agricultural Products From Small-Scale Districts by Widely Targeted Metabolomics With a Case Study on Pinggu Peach.

Geographical indications of agricultural products are characterized by high quality and regional attributes, while they are more likely to be counterfeited by similar products from nearby regions. Accurate discrimination of origin on small geographical scales is extremely important for geographical indications of agricultural products to avoid food fraud. In this study, a widely targeted metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to distinguish the geographical origin of Pinggu Peach of Beijing and its two surrounding areas in Heibei province (China). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) based on 159 identified metabolites showed significant separation from Pinggu and the other adjacent regions. The number of the most important discriminant variables (VIP value >1) was up to 62, which contributed to the differentiation model. The results demonstrated that the metabolic fingerprinting combined with OPLS-DA could be successfully implemented to differentiate the geographical origin of peach from small-scale origins, thus providing technical support to further ensure the authenticity of geographical indication products. The greenness of the developed method was assessed using the Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach and Software (ARGEE) tool. It was a relatively green analytical method with room for improvement.

Formation of the Jinchangyu Au deposit, eastern Heibei Province, China: Melts and fluids derived from a highly fractionated magma

The Jinchangyu deposit is the largest Au lode deposit in eastern Hebei Province of China and is located along the northern margin of the North China Craton. It was previously thought that this deposit was a greenstone belt-type as the orebodies are controlled by ductile shear structures in amphibolite units of the Archean Zunhua Group. However, new geological and petrographic observations presented here show that the mineralization was actually controlled by the brittle schistosity in the amphibolite and the ore-bearing quartz–albite veins are actually albite-rich granite porphyry dikes that coexist with graphic pegmatite dikes. Based on geological and geochemical features, we propose that the Jinchangyu Au deposit is actually a magmatic–hydrothermal type formed by melt–fluid derived from a highly fractionated magma. The ore-bearing albite-rich granite porphyry and pegmatite dikes are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, and belong to the low-K tholeiitic to shoshonitic and subalkaline series. All the samples have high SiO2, K2O + Na2O contents and differentiation index values, low CaO, MgO, P2O5, and TiO2 contents, are enriched in Th, U, Ta, Nb, Sr, Zr, and Hf, depleted in Ba, K, P, Ti, and δEu, and exhibit the tetrad rare earth element effect. The mineralogy and geochemistry indicate the dikes are highly fractionated I-type granites, and that the Jinchangyu Au deposit was generated during magmatic differentiation. δ34S values of pyrite vary from –6.3‰ to 4.2‰, and H–O isotopic compositions of quartz from quartz–pyrite veins indicate the mineralizing fluid had a predominantly magmatic source. Lead isotope ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 15.65–16.18, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.16–15.29) of pyrite in the quartz–pyrite veins indicate the ore-forming materials were derived from a mixed source containing mantle and crustal materials. Geochemical features indicate that the dikes formed in a post-collsional extensional tectonic setting during the Late Triassic, after closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Combined with data from previous studies, we propose that the parental magma and ore-forming materials of the Jinchangyu Au deposit were derived from a mixed source containing mantle and crustal material, underwent extensive differentiation, and then sequentially formed the ore-bearing albite-rich granite porphyry dike dikes, graphic pegmatite dikes, and quartz–albite, quartz–pyrite, and quartz–carbonate veins.

The spatial effects of city-level water-energy nexus: A case study of Hebei Province, China

As the basis of urban social-economic development, water and energy resources are indivisible and interrelated in the production and consumption activities of cities. The frequent intercity trade of energy-related goods aggravates water withdrawal in neighboring cities and causes the spatial transfer of resources. The spatial correlation of water withdrawal and energy consumption is rarely considered in the city-level water-energy nexus. As one of China's most serious water shortage regions, Hebei Province is the third-largest energy consumer in China and is a major supplier of mineral resources, industrial raw materials, water resources, electricity, and agricultural products to Beijing and Tianjin. The spatial Durbin model with the two-way fixed effects is applied to explore spatial effects of water-energy nexus in cities of Heibei province. Seven influencing factors, including energy consumption, energy structure, population, GDP, water withdrawal intensity, urbanization, and agriculture structure were considered. Results showed that all factors had positive impacts on water withdrawal except energy structure. Water withdrawal intensity made the most considerable contribution to water withdrawal, followed by urbanization, energy consumption, GDP, industrial structure, and population. The urbanization level of neighboring cities exerted the most significant positive spatial spillover impact on local water withdrawal, whereas the energy consumption showed a negative impact. The exploration of city-level spatial correlation regarding water withdrawal and energy consumption provides a reference for regional cooperation to improve resource utilization efficiency, establishing sustainable energy and water systems, and promoting sustainable development.

Effects of Chromium Pollution on Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Assembly Processes

With the rapid development of industry, chromium (Cr) has become one of the main soil heavy metal pollutants in China, seriously affecting the soil ecological environment and health of residents. In this study, contaminated soil samples were taken around the tannery sludge yard area in Heibei Province. The Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the structure and assembly processes of soil bacterial communities at different pollution levels. Results showed that chromium pollution significantly influences soil properties and soil bacterial communities. The composition and structure of bacterial communities were significantly shifted at different pollution levels. Furthermore, the α diversity of bacterial communities may decrease with relatively high concentrations of chromium. Bacterial communities in chromium polluted soil can be divided into 55 phyla, where Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes are the dominant phyla (relative abundance>5%). Moreover, the soil bacterial communities were dominated by the deterministic assembly process (homogeneous selection) and the stochastic ratios decreased with increases in the concentration of chromium in soil. The total concentration of chromium, soil moisture, pH, and organic matter were significantly correlated (P<0.05) with the bacterial communities. Therefore, these soil properties might be the driving factors affecting the structure of bacterial communities.

Profiles of Provision for Learning in Preschool Classrooms in Rural China: Associated Quality of Teacher-child Interactions and Teacher Characteristics

ABSTRACT Research Findings Provision for Learning (PFL) is a composite of indicators reflecting the structural quality of Early Childhood Education (ECE) classrooms such as physical environment, materials, and daily schedule. This study explored profiles of PFL among 118 Chinese rural preschool classrooms based on Space and Furnishing (SF), Curriculum Planning and Implementation (CPI), and Activities (ACT) subscales in CECERS. We further examined whether profiles of PFL, as measured through a salient combination of CECERS dimensions, were associated with the quality of teacher-child interactions as measured by the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS), as well as years of teaching, levels of education, and teacher salaries. The sampled classrooms were randomly selected from D County in Heibei province, North China. Using a Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) approach, three profiles emerged: (1) High-quality PFL classrooms (8.4%), (2) Mid quality PFL classrooms (49.0%), and (3) Low PFL classrooms (42.6%). Also, the three profiles successfully differentiated the quality of teacher-child interactions, especially the quality of Emotional Support and Instructional Support. Teacher salaries, rather than years of teaching experience or levels of education, differentiated across the three profiles. Practice or Policy: In light of the Chinese rural context, this study informs ECE professionals and policymakers that to improve ECE structural and process quality, investments toward Provision for Learning are worthwhile in order to raise the quality of teacher-child interactions.

Machine Learning-Based Crop Drought Mapping System by UAV Remote Sensing RGB Imagery

Water stress has adverse effects on crop growth and yield, where its monitoring plays a vital role in precision crop management. This paper aims at initially exploiting the potentials of UAV aerial RGB image in crop water stress assessment by developing a simple but effective supervised learning system. Various techniques are seamlessly integrated into the system including vegetation segmentation, feature engineering, Bayesian optimization and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. In particular, wheat pixels are first segmented from soil background by using the classical vegetation index thresholding. Rather than performing pixel-wise classification, pixel squares of appropriate dimension are defined as samples, from which various features for pure vegetation pixels are extracted including spectral and color index (CI) features. SVM with Bayesian optimization is adopted as the classifier. To validate the developed system, a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) survey is performed to collect high-resolution atop canopy RGB imageries by using DJI S1000 for the experimental wheat fields of Gucheng town, Heibei Province, China. Two levels of soil moisture were designed after seedling establishment for wheat plots by using intelligent irrigation and rain shelter, where field measurements were to obtain ground soil water ratio for each wheat plot. Comparative experiments by three-fold cross-validation demonstrate that pixel-wise classification, with a high computation load, can only achieve an accuracy of 82.8% with poor F1 score of 71.7%; however, the developed system can achieve an accuracy of 89.9% with F1 score of 87.7% by using only spectral intensities, and the accuracy can be further improved to 92.8% with F1 score of 91.5% by fusing both spectral intensities and CI features. Future work is focused on incorporating more spectral information and advanced feature extraction algorithms to further improve the performance.

Experimental study on the effect of non-spherical particles on steady combustion in nano-aluminized propellant in air**Foundation Item: Science & Department of Heibei Province (No. 16211013D), Handan Science & Technology Development Bureau (No. 1511103015).

To explore the deflagration phenomenon of an aluminized solid propellant during the combustion process, this study conducts an experimental investigation on the effect of non-spherical particles on steady combustion in nano-aluminized propellant in air under various pressure conditions to further validate previous theoretical conclusions. The burning rates of four types of metal raw materials powder column were measured at pressures of 1–5 MPa via the burning rate test system, and the effect of particle morphology, size, and pressure on the steady combustion were discussed in detailed. The experimental results indicate that the particle morphology and size distribution play a significant role in nano-aluminized propellant steady combustion performance, and stable high-pressure has a significant inhibitory effect on it.

Simulated town expansion under ecological constraints: A case study of Zhangbei County, Heibei Province, China

Town expansion changes land-use type, and results in ecological and environmental issues. To minimize the influence of these problems and relieve the conflict between town development and ecological protection, future town expansion should be simulated based on the ecological priority principle. This study systematically designed and analyzed a simulated town expansion under the ecological constraints (EC) scenario in Zhangbei County (2013–2030). The performance of this scenario was assessed by comparing the influence on ecosystem service value with the urban–rural master plan (URMP) for Zhangbei County (2013–2030). The results indicate that town expansion under EC scenario has significant advantages over expansion under the URMP scenario; there are large differences in the town expansion areas. In the EC scenario, towns located in higher ecological quality areas had tighter constraints on expansion and only expanded slightly. In addition, most town boundaries in the EC scenario were curvilinear, complex, and soft, which could provide more ecological benefits than the straight, simple, and hard boundaries in the URMP scenario. The spatial evolution trend of the boundaries in the latter scenario tended to lower the comprehensive ecological constraints surface. In addition, in the EC scenario, the influence of town expansion on ecosystem service value was dramatically lower than in the URMP scenario. Town expansion was simulated under the minimum EC scenario, which could provide a new mechanism for allocating construction land based on ecological supply. The results provide reliable information for effectively relieving the conflict between town development and ecological protection and identifying boundary locations for conditional construction areas during regional planning.

Effect of windbreaks on particle concentrations from agricultural fields under a variety of wind conditions in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China

Wind erosion from agricultural fields contributes substantial amounts of particulate matter (PM) in the form of dust to the atmosphere, with significant impacts on air quality and human health. Vegetation barriers affect particle transport via altering air flow, yet the impact of windbreaks on PM concentrations from agricultural soil erosion is still unknown. This study describes brief campaigns to explore the effects of windbreaks on PM concentrations in Zhangbei County, Heibei Province, China. Measurements were made in arable lands with windbreaks, of which the dominant tree species was Populus, following dust events from April to May, when the trees were without leaves. We selected windbreaks with different structures and measured PM concentrations at the windward and the leeward sides of the windbreaks, using high time-resolution measurements. The effects of windbreaks were quantified by calculating the PM concentration ratios in front of and behind the windbreaks. During dust events, the average value of maximum PM10 emissions was 109.87 μg/m3, which was above the threshold established by the World Health Organization (WHO) for air quality. The PM10 emissions increased with air temperature and wind speed. The highest PM10 emission was observed at a relative air humidity of 20%. PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations were not lower behind the windbreak than in front of the windbreak in most of the events, while PM10 concentrations could be reduced by an average of 27%. A significant increase in PM2.5/PM10 by 56.86% behind the windbreak indicates the high efficiency of the windbreak to reduce PM10 levels. Simply planting trees can, in some cases, increase downwind PM concentrations. Vegetation configuration and avoiding locating residential areas in the immediate lee of windbreaks should be considered when planning windbreaks.

Theoretical study on combustion of non-spherical particles in nano-aluminized propellant in air**Foundation Item: Science & Department of Heibei Province (No. 16211013D), Handan Science & Technology Development Bureau (No. 1511103015).

To investigate the deflagration phenomenon of an aluminized solid propellant during the combustion process, an improved theoretical combustion model has been developed. The model uses non-spherical particles for predicting the instantaneous mass evaporation rates of droplets as well as the burning time. The burning behavior of individual prolate and oblate spheroidal droplets, including the surface-area ratio, Nusselt numbers, temperature, and size change rate, was theoretically analyzed to elucidate the effect of non-spherical grains on the burning stability. Models for the Al evaporation rates and burnout time of both prolate and oblate spheroids in the diffusion-kinetics controlled regimes were established. According to the results, the particle morphology, size, and Reynolds numbers significantly affect the burning characteristics of nano-aluminized propellants. The proposed model is useful for steady-state combustion-performance assessment of aluminized solid propellants.

Multi-indicator assessment of a water-saving agricultural engineering project in North Beijing, China

The Paddy Land-to-Dry Land (PLDL) program was a 10-year long (2006–2015) agricultural engineering program, initiated jointly by Beijing and Heibei Province, that was designed to increase urban water availability and improve household livelihoods in local farming communities. The program, supported by government subsidy, involved conversion of paddy (Oryza sativa) to maize (Zea mays). In this study, a range of environmental, social and economic indicators were used to evaluate the program. In relation to its primary goal of saving water, the program was considered successful, with water consumption of maize production 47% lower. The subsidy was also found to be influential in encouraging household participation. However, the small size of household farms and the small proportion of household revenues coming from agricultural production meant that the PLDL program did little to directly improve household livelihoods. Environmental indicators, assessed using life cycle assessment, showed mixed results. Although most indicators improved, some deteriorated, namely acidification and eutrophication potential. This highlights the importance of assessing environmental performance comprehensively to avoid burden shifting. Important environmental impacts could potentially have been reduced if the program had provided additional technological support to farmers. Nevertheless, the aggregated LCA results suggested that overall environmental performance was improved. The PLDL program could also be viewed as a success from the perspective that the monetarized ecosystem service benefits greatly exceeded the subsidy payment. An important spillover benefit was that participating households were able to achieve greater participation in non-farm employment, which contributed to higher household incomes and poverty alleviation. An important finding of this study is that an agricultural engineering program designed to alleviate water scarcity can have wide ranging environmental, economic and social impacts.

Water Quality Analysis of Beijing Segment of South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project

Water quality is the key problem that water management departments concern. Water quality of Beijing segment of South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project is closely related to water security and social stability in Beijing. Since the connection of Beijing part in Middle Route of South-to-North Diversion Project, water quality data of Daning regulation and storage reservoir and Daning surge tank was collected, and water quality indexes including water temperature, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, chloride ion, sulfate, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, pH, ammonia nitrogen, fluorine ion and total phosphorus, were monitored monthly. With variance analysis, water quality difference among different water sources of the South-to-North Water Diversion of Middle Route was analyzed. With factor analysis method, the water quality risk factors of Daning regulation and storage reservoir and Daning surge tank were identified. The results were as following, water from Hebei province had higher contents of nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, fluorine ion, chloride ion and sulfate than those of water from Danjiangkou reservoir, but the water quality was not as good as that from Danjiangkou reservoir. LSD difference test results showed that the dissolved oxygen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen of the water from Hebei province had significant differences (P<0.05) between flood season and non-flood season, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in pH of water from Danjiangkou reservoir between flood season and non-flood season, and the water quality of Danjiangkou reservoir was more stable than water from Heibei province. No matter in flood season or non-flood season, there were no significant differences (P<0.05) in pH, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen between the water from Danjiangkou reservoir and Heibei province, but there were significant differences (P<0.05) in nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, fluorine ion and sulfate ion and chloride ion. Contents of Nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, sulfate and chloride ion in 2015 (the mixture of water from Hebei province and Danjiangkou reservoir) in Daning regulation and storage reservoir were lower than those in 2012-2014 (water from Hebei province), and the water from Danjiangkou reservoir played a key role in dilution and adjustment of the water from Hebei province in Daning regulation and storage reservoir. The water quality differences test results between 2012-2014 and 2015 showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, fluorine ion, sulfate and chloride ion both in flood season and non-flood season, and the water quality of 2015 was better than that of 2012~2014 in non-flood season, but the differences of pH, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen were not obvious (P<0.05). The difference test results between Daning regulation and storage reservoir and Daning surge tank showed that Permanganate index, total nitrogen, fluorine ion, sulfate and chloride ion had significant differences (P<0.05) both in flood season and non-flood season, and the contents of permanganate index, fluorine ion, sulfate and chloride ions in Daning regulation and storage reservoir were higher than those in Daning surge tank. The factor analysis results indicated that water quality potential risk factors both in Daning regulation and storage reservoir and Daning surge tank were mainly nitrogen, including ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen, and potential risk factors also included total phosphorus in Daning regulation and storage reservoir.

Effect of daily temperatural fluctuation on population fitness of Ophraella communa in early spring in Langfang, Heibei Province

Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was accidentally introduced in China, and it is a biological control agent of common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asterales: Asteraceae). Life history and life table parameters of O. communa were studied in the open field of Langfang city, Hebei province, north China (39°30′42″N, 116°36′07″E) in early spring. Development durations for egg, larva, pupa and entire immature stage of O. communa were 13.6, 21.1, 7.9 and 42.8d, respectively. Adults could survive in 37.41d, no differences in the longevities between female and male, and fecundity was 713.1 eggs per female. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T) were 0.0660d−1, 1.0683d−1, 73.9 offspring/individual and 63.0d, respectively. The results of our study can offer valuable insight on the population demography of O. communa in early spring in the field. In addition, the effects of temperature fluctuation on the development, survival and fecundity of O. communa and the potential of using the beetle for controlling A. artemisiifolia are also discussed in the early spring.

The Nutritive Values in Different Varieties of Corn Planted in One Location Fed to Growing Pigs over Three Consecutive Years.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of variety and planting year on the nutritive values of corn fed to growing pigs. Four corn varieties examined in this experiment were planted in the same village located in Longhua County, Heibei Province, China, in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. During each year, corn was hand-harvested in early October and sun dried to about 14% moisture content. Three batches of twenty-four barrows (33.27±4.30, 31.88±2.93, 34.21±3.81 kg body wight [BW] in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively) were used and allotted to a complete block design with 4 diets and 6 replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were individually placed in metabolic crates. The four experimental diets were formulated by mixing each variety of corn and vitamins and minerals, respectively. A five-day collection period followed a seven-day diet acclimation period. The results indicated that variety of corn significantly influenced the available energy content (digestible energy [DE] on dry matter basis, p<0.05; metabolizable energy (ME) on dry matter basis, p<0.05, respectively), and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter (p<0.01), dry matter (p<0.05), gross energy (p<0.05), neutral detergent fiber (p<0.01), acid detergent fiber and ether extract (p<0.05). The planting year also significantly influenced the available energy contents (DE on dry matter basis, p<0.05; ME on dry matter basis, p<0.01, respectively) and the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (p<0.01), acid detergent fiber (p<0.01), crude protein (p<0.01), and ether extract (p<0.01). No interaction was observed between the variety and planting year in DE and ME contents in corn. In conclusion, the variety and planting year significantly influenced the available energy and nutrient digestibility of corn fed to growing pigs.

Identification of Geographical Origin of Honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica Thunb) by Discriminant Analysis Using Rare Earth Elements

ABSTRACTHoneysuckle was collected from four locations in China: Pingyi, Shandong Province; Julu, Heibei Province; Dongkou, Hunan Province; and Fengqiu, Henan Province. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the rare earth elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, and Y to characterize geographical traceability. The accuracy of the entire procedure was verified by the analysis of a citrus leaves standard reference material GBW10020. The classification of honeysuckle was carried out based on rare earth elements composition by a radar plot and linear discriminant analysis. Honeysuckle from the regions was easily distinguished by radar plots. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis based on concentrations of rare earth elements provided more than 98% accuracy for predictions using leave-one cross-validation. Thus, rare earth elemental concentrations combined with the use of multivariate statistical techniques allows the evaluation of the geographical origin of honeysuckle. This method provides significant potential in differentiating the geographical origin of various plants.

Strategy Analysis of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Hebei Province

Based on the research situation analysis of preparations for the current large-scale sport events by the method of literature review and according to the actual situation of Hebei Province, this article analyzes the challenges and opportunities brought by the 2022 Winter Olympics to Hebei Province and puts forward proposals for the preparations. In the run-up to the 2022 Winter Olympics, the biggest challenge to Hebei Province will be traffic, sports science and technology service and the lack of experience on preparations and management for sport event. The holding of Winter Olympics will facilitate industrial transformation and upgrade and boost the economic development and cultural transmission of Heibei Province. Positive strategy shall be adopted during the preparation period of 2022 Winter Olympics and cooperation between the governments of Beijing and Hebei Province shall be strengthened. Hebei Province shall implement the talent introduction strategy, strengthen infrastructure construction and establish sport event schedule, management system, evaluation mechanism and security assurance system