Hegemonic Theory Research Articles

Persentuhan Kiai Lokal Dalam Kontestasi Politik Era Reformasi Di Madura: Tinjauan Sejarah

This study explores the role of local Kiai of Madura in the politics of the reform era, examining their contribution to practical political contestation and its impact on the Muslim-majority Madura community. Kiai, who was respected and had great influence, exercised the role of religious figure and public official. The local Kiai here refers to Kiai who are directly involved in the world of practical politics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of Kiai in Madura politics and its impact on the policy and application of the teachings of Ahlus Sunnah Wal-Jamaah. This research is a literature review using the historical method with four steps. First heuristic (collection of sources), primary and secondary sources used in the form of books, scientific articles, proceedings, the results of the data on votes obtained from the KPU and the writings that are relevant to this research obtained from the National Library of Indonesia, UIN Jakarta Library, Google Scholar, Sinta and observations in the field. Second, source criticism. Third, interpretation and finally historiography. As an analytical knife, the research uses the hegemonic theory of Gramsci. The findings show that Kiai plays an important role in legal and policy politics, fighting for people's rights and grounding religious teachings. This research provides insight into the integration of religious teachings with public interest in the context of reform.

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATE (US) RIVALRY IN COVID-19 VACCINE INDUSTRY: AN EXMINATION FROM INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVE

The trade war between the US and China has not ended so far; coupled with the outbreak of Covid-19 outbreak, the two countries are increasingly demonstrating their hegemonic power in their way; China, with its Belt Road Initiative, and the US, which has long been the ruler of the world. We can see vaccine competition between the US and China from the many vaccine companies in the two countries circulating in the world. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's response to vaccine competition between China and America using the hegemonic theory. In this study, the authors used qualitative methods. The author argues that by using free and active Indonesia Foreign Policy from Indonesia's point of view, Indonesia's response to the two countries is still neutral, such as how Indonesia responds to the competition between the two countries, starting from the Vaccine Cooperation with Russia, making its vaccines, to Indonesia's position as a Non-Aligned country. However, it does not rule out the possibility that Indonesia will not receive the full aid quota from the two countries.

The impact of external support on coalition efficiency: the case of the G5 Sahel Joint Force

ABSTRACT This article examines the extent to which external actors influence the efficiency of the G5 Sahel Joint Force’s (G5S-JF) chain of command and what this means for the relationship between the G5S-JF and external actors. I argue that external actors have taken leading roles within the G5S-JF’s chain of command and that this external influence has increased the efficiency of the joint force’s command. This suggests that the relationship between the G5S-JF and external actors follows the logic of hegemonic theory, with external actors providing efficiency and stability through a strong leading voice, as other scholars have previously assumed. However, I demonstrate that there are limitations to a hegemonic understanding of this relationship, as it does not take into account the agency of the joint force. In fact, as things have developed, the hegemonic stability logic rather appears to have been proven wrong as the strong leading role of external actors was a contributing factor to Mali’s withdrawal in May 2022 and the subsequent instability of the joint force.

Occam's Razor and Bayesian Measures of Likelihood Suggest Loch Ness Monsters Are Real Animals

Lay Summary—The simplest explanation for all the evidence is that Nessies, the “Monsters” in Loch Ness, are real but as yet unclassified animals — evidence comprising eyewitness reports, sonar results, surface and underwater photography, and surface moving film. The Bayesian approach to estimating probability points to a similar conclusion. If sonar and photographic evidence had preceded rather than followed intense global interest based on eyewitness reports, the existence of Nessies might have become widely accepted rather than disbelieved. This analysis points to the need for public policies about science and medicine to be informed by people who understand how science works, for instance historians of science or individuals versed in the modern discipline of Science & Technology Studies.
 Abstract—Regarding claims of Loch Ness Monsters, what the simplest explanation might be depends on how the evidence is assembled and judged. Taken individually, eyewitness reports can be simply and plausibly explained away as misperceptions and occasional hoaxes. Many of the claimed surface photographs can be simply and plausibly challenged as misleading representations of natural phenomena, and again some deliberate faking. Simple explanations are less readily to hand for the underwater photos and the Dinsdale film, yet disbelievers have offered some. However, when the evidence is taken as a whole, the simplest explanation is that there are real animals responsible for these three or four quite independent types of evidence. A similar conclusion would be reached by considering the evidence sequentially by a Bayesian approach, progressively modifying the estimated likelihood using each independent type of evidence. Loch Ness Monsters might be the sort of premature discovery described by Gunther Stent: the best evidence came too late to influence media attitudes and popular belief. The difficulty of changing long-held views is illustrated not only in this instance but also within science overall, where hegemonic theories have for lengthy periods withstood the accumulation of considerable contradicting facts. Advice to policy makers should come not from practicing scientists but from individuals who know the history of science and understand the many potential pitfalls in advancing knowledge.

Hegemonic masculinity in Pakistan: A critical study of selected Pakistani TV serials

This study focused on the representation of hegemonic masculinity in Pakistani TV serials. Its motivation came from the analysis of Pakistani drama, which does not adequately cover women's rights. Pakistani TV serials have this masculine attitude which is the leading cause of many conflicts in Pakistani society. Connell developed this hegemonic theory as a theoretical framework in this present research. Through this theory, it can be clear that hegemonic masculinity depends upon which factors and how these factors are collected together to make this hegemonic term stronger in Pakistani society. This quantitative research investigates two selected Pakistani TV serials, namely "Rang Mahal" and "Qayammat". The findings of this research make clear that hegemonic masculinity is not only a term but a disease which have deep roots in Pakistani society. And this disease infects not only people; Pakistan's norms, values, and culture are also distracted day by day. Recommendations and suggestions for future researchers are also added at the end of the research.

Brazilian scientific production: Emerging epistemologies, ontologies and value systems

There are a growing number of counter-hegemonic Brazilian scientific productions. The gradual process of decolonization of Brazilian universities, a result of the struggle of social movements, has opened space for researchers to present alternatives for scientific production. In this paper we will work with the hypothesis that there is a significant number of Brazilian academic works that seek to detach themselves from hegemonic theories based on new alternatives of epistemologies, ontologies, and value systems. To support it, we point to ten works that use emerging epistemologies, ontologies, and value systems to formulate conceptions and theories about socially marginalized groups.

Історія та сучасні тенденції вивчення філософії А. Ґрамші в Китаї

This paper examines the perception of the political philosophy of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci by Chinese scholars. It is shown that during the 1950s–1990s the conception of Antonio Gramsci’s philosophy was formed in China in the context of the study of Western Marxism. It is pointed out that in the second half of the 1980s and in the 1990s, Chinese philosophers began to conduct deeper research of Western Marxism in general and Gramsci’s theoretical heritage in particular, and the formation of Gramscian studies was started in China. The Italian Marxist’s practical philosophy became the focus of attention, and his concepts of civil society, cultural hegemony, and other ideas started to be the subject of discussion in philosophy, political science, literary studies, party-building, etc. It is shown that the first serious contribution to the critical study of the Italian philosopher’s heritage was made by Xu Chongwen, and due to the works of Yu Wujin such Gramscian terms as “cultural hegemony”, “civil society” and “organic intellectual” were widely spread among the Chinese Marxist philosophers. In the early twenty-first century, there were determined the significant changes in the study of Gramsci’s philosophy in China, which were primarily due to the appearance of new translations into Chinese of the works of the Italian philosopher. At the same time, the main directions of Gramscian studies in China were formed: the problem of Gramsci’s ideological affiliation (Pan Xihua, Bao Yi, He Ping, Wang Fengcai), the theory of hegemony (Tian Shigang, Zhan Jiang, Peng Guibing, Sun Jing, Liang Shufa, Zhou Fan, Hu Ailing, Yang Haifeng, Kang Xiaoguang, Liu Shilin, Wang Jin, He Lei, Zhou Xingjie, Pan Xihua, Sun Min, Ye Huizhen), the civil society theory (Li Dianlai, Yang Ping, Yang Renzhong, Shan Tiping), the intellectual theory (Yang Haifeng, Guo Meini, Hu Ailing, Pan Xihua, Yu Yifan). It is emphasized that Gramsci’s hegemonic theory in combination with the ideas of structuralism, poststructuralism, orientalism, feminism, and other schools of thought have influenced the formation of literary theory in China. There were explored diverse research works in various scientific disciplines representing contemporary Gramscian studies in China.

David Vann’s Legend of a Suicide: Dismantling the Trauma Paradigm

ABSTRACT This article argues that David Vann’s Legend of a Suicide (2008) offers us a culturally significant exploration of hegemonic theories around how we understand, or are said to understand, the temporality of trauma, its effect upon identity via its effect upon memory, and its representation in narrative. Moreover, the specific structure of Vann’s text as a short story cycle enables it to present, query and disrupt ways of thinking about chronology, narrative, and identity, such that it offers a productive modeling of the complications inherent in adhering to exclusionary and prescriptive ideas about how trauma might be narrated.

Japanese Music Cover: A Study of Gramsci Hegemony in Indonesian Music Culture

Music cover activities are very lasting in the world of digital platforms. Songs from various eras can be represented in a fresher form of presentation. One of them is the presentation in the form of a Japanese version. This study aims to (i) show the process of Japanese cultural hegemony in the tastes of Indonesian pop music lovers and (ii) analyze the potential dangers of Japanese cultural hegemony in pop song covers. This research is descriptive and qualitative with Gramsci's hegemonic theory approach. The research uses the literature study method with secondary research data in the form of online news, YouTube videos, scientific literature, etc. The results of the study found that (i) the hegemony process occurred because of the J-pop trend that touched many lines in the lives of Indonesian teenagers and (ii) hegemony had colonized intellectually and morally.

Realizing Gramsci’s Dream: A Case Study of Vernacular Sundanese Linguistic Contra-Hegemony

The need to promote egalitarianism and reduce the colonial influence in language drives civil society actors and organizations operating within the community to revive their vernacular language, replacing hierarchical standard language exist in their community for a long time. Gramsci’s and Lu Xun’s efforts to promote vernacular language in Italy and China at their times faced failure. Today, in the democratic and digital-dominated society of Indonesia, the same effort has been taken by Aing Tangerang Foundation. This civil organization tries to revive egalitarian Sundanese language against hierarchical Sundanese brought by colonialism. One of their efforts is to popularize the word “Aing”, which means “I” in Sundanese conversation. The word is considered harsh by the majority of Sundanese using hierarchical standards. However, in Tangerang Regency, it is part of their mother tongue. This paper reports on a case study of the vernacular Sundanese linguistic revival campaign taken by the Aing Tangerang Foundation and strategies, drivers, and barriers they faced while promoting their cause. The data is collected through in-depth interviews with three informants: one expert in Sundanese literature, one expert in Sundanese history, and one is the leader of said organization. The research method is qualitative-phenomenological hermeneutics. We use Gramsci's hegemonic theory to analyze and discuss the findings. The results are presented and discussed related to horizontal and vertical strategies; political, organizational, and technological drivers; and historical, psychological, sociological, and sociofacts barriers.

“I’m a Person like Any Goddamn Man’s a Person”: Feminine Cognitive Embodiment in Kathy Goes to Haiti

ABSTRACT Though autotheory formally entered feminist critical discourse with the publication of Nelson‘s 2015 text The Argonauts as a practice that takes on first-person, subjective, autobiographical perspectives to decenter and challenge hegemonic critical theories, several critical movements led to the rise of autotheory. In this paper, I analyze the contexts and influences surrounding both New Narrative and French feminism post-1960 before posting experimental writer Kathy Acker’s unique position between these movements in her 1978 novel, Kathy Goes to Haiti. If autotheory sutures together the author and theory, then Kathy Acker predicts and enacts autotheory by enmeshing her body into the theoretical conception of her autobiographical novel. Kathy Goes to Haiti lays important groundwork preceding autotheory and forges a new linguistic form at the nexus of language, disability, and sexuality studies. I call this nexus in Acker “feminine cognitive embodiment.” Acker’s feminine cognitive embodiment fuses the female body and mental states between traditional boundaries of language. I intend to historicize Kathy Goes to Haiti as an autotheoretical text that preceded works like Chris Kraus’ 1997 I Love Dick and Maggie‘s The Argonauts, and in doing so I analyze the ways Acker’s ex-centric language, madness, and pornography anticipate the autotheoretical turn.

The nonhuman object in Ama Ata Aidoo’s ‘Nowhere cool’: A black feminist critique of Object-oriented Ontology

abstract Nowhere cool’, a short story by Ama Ata Aidoo, is divided into two sections. In the first, a child sits in a classroom in what is presumably Ghana, feeling alienated by the “familiar things that were begin chased away by the demands of the culture of our conquerors” in the literature discussed by the teacher (2002, p. 136). In the second, a Ghanaian woman travels in a plane across the United States of America (USA). She notices a plastic address tag on the baby of the woman next to her, and starts thinking of plastic as material, of oil and of how slavery makes humans into cargo. This short story therefore consists of philosophical rumination on the nature of humans’ relationship to material and literary objects. I read ‘Nowhere cool’ as part of a black feminist epistemological tradition aimed at exposing the situatedness of supposedly neutral western thought, and at emphasising the embodiment and social embeddedness of all knowledge. I argue that the story’s specific focus on the nonhuman and on extractive economies allows for it to be read as a corrective to the same universalising gestures in posthumanist considerations of the nonhuman. I bring the story into dialogue with Graham Harman’s (2018) Object-oriented Ontology (OOO) to contend that while OOO is aimed at criticising anthropocentrism, a specific human perspective (that of the western white male) is “overrepresented” (Wynter 2003) in it. This has consequences for OOO and posthumanism more generally, since it means that the new relationship to the nonhuman Harman proposes is divorced from the reality of many humans’ relationship with the nonhuman. Posthuman ontologies need to build on the insights of black feminism in order to not replicate the skewed nature and resultant inaccuracies of hegemonic theories of the past.

The relevance to the reality of some key aspects of the Neo-Gramscian theory of hegemony

The Neo-Gramscian theory of hegemony in international relations has been a remarkable theoretical framework to scholarly evaluate hegemonic phenomena. In practical terms, in the past 20th century, the world-level hegemonic phenomena have remained the dominant feature in the history of international relations with far-reaching effects on individual countries, regions, and continents. In the 21st century, the rise of China with the prospect of replacing the leadership of the United States remains one of the most important features of the times. However, Gramsci originally worked out the hegemonic theory and its related concepts nearly a hundred years ago and the Neo-Gramscianism more than half a century. To qualify as a proper theoretical basis to evaluate such phenomena, it is thus necessary to re-evaluate the above theory’s practical relevance to ensure its coherence to the contemporary world. By utilising the logical and historical methods to look closely at the aspects of the hegemonic theory, namely (i) the national and international scopes of the hegemonic theory, (ii) radical socio-economic revolution, (iii) inside-out development, (iv) mechanism of consensus and international institutions, and (v) historic bloc, the article argues that the Neo-Gramscian perspective of hegemony still has the highly practical relevance to the contemporary international relations.

Networks of order in East Asia: Beyond hegemonic theories of the Liberal International Order

Networks of order in East Asia: Beyond hegemonic theories of the Liberal International Order

Deconstructing Pakistan-India Relationships and Covid-19 Implications

States utilize various strategies, including economic makeovers, nuclear proliferation, strengthening ties, upgrading military, and transforming technology to maintain hegemony at the international level. In the strategic calculus of South Asia, nuclear deterrence plays a dominant role and serves as an assurance for peace and stability in the region. Experts claim that mounting nuclear warheads, ethnic, religious, and ideological conflicts, including the Kashmir issue, caused dilapidated security conditions between the Pakistan and India standoff. The research commences with a question as to why the government of India and Pakistan are involved in the latest cross-border incitement despite security challenges. Moreover, the study also examines the impact of Indian escalation on the regional security of South Asia in the era of Covid-19. In so doing, this study reviews the continuous escalating instability of South Asia, especially in the sub-continent, and tries to build a causal relationship between the balance of power and security dilemma. In due course, the causes of the latest Indian provocation will be discussed in reference to the hegemonic theory. Growing India-US strategic partnerships, a regional hegemonic approach, military modernization, and a rising economy were the factors that enabled the Indian military to achieve multiple objectives. Finally, the future prospect in South Asia after Covid-19 will be discussed.

(RE)THINKING THE STATE IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract. In this article, we argue that social sciences generally and political science in particular are faced with a peculiar epistemological challenge while researching the state in the 21st century. Namely, the state has often been either naturalised, seen as a static and ahistorical entity resistant to changes in the environment, or naïvely rejected as a form of political organisation that is with neoliberal globalisation withering away. In either instance, the processes of redefining and redistributing of the state, and hence its de-/reterritorialising and rescaling, have largely gone unnoticed. Our analysis reassesses the hegemonic theories of state and shows that in the mainstream of political science research on the state is still anchored to the (geographical) assumptions that limit or even define the state and its exercise of power to a geographically demarcated and fixed territory. Drawing on recent approaches to space, scale and territory, this article calls for a heterodox and pluralist methodology in further research on state as well as non-state spaces. Keywords: the state, non-state spaces, globalisation, territory, political geography

Hegemoni Kiai di Desa Payaman Solokuro Lamongan pada Pemilu 2019

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">A Kiai has a high position both socially and spiritually that affects the power of influence over society's choices. The writing was intended to analyze the travel process of hegemoni by Kiai as a sales figure for the golongan karya political party. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative through interviews and observations at the Darul Ma 'arif village Payaman Solokuro Lamongan. The hegemonic theory of Antonio gramsci was used as a basis for analysis. The final result is that the hegemoni sequence of Kiai is absorbed in two parts. This division is based on the difference in age and background. The first group is a society that is over 60 years old and hegemoni is taking a spiritual approach. Its real form, the practice of hegemony was melted down during recruitment. Intellectual ramming is directed as a measure of obedience to the strings to receive a blessing. The second group is scolars and educators. Hegemoni in this group uses discussion forums or coordination meetings by all members of the foundation. The hegemonic column for the educated and more rational group of educators. The real inversion, ramming was done by showing a good track record by the golongan karya party.</span></p>

DE DARWIN AO SÉCULO XXI: UMA BREVE REVISÃO DA JORNADA HISTÓRICO-EPISTEMOLÓGICA DAS IDEIAS SOBRE EVOLUÇÃO

Theories about the changes on the organisms, in the time scale, are know since the 18th century. However, the most famous, as well as the more debated, was the one by Charles Robert Darwin, in his great book On the origin of species (1859). It is interesting to note that while this naturalist was born, in 1809, a book by the French naturalist Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre de Monet, known as Lamarck, was published, Philosophie zoologique, where another theory of the transformations of the organisms were also proposed. Darwin cited that theory quite enthusiastically, as he himself said in the On the origin; his first scientific work were, in fact, inspired in Lamarck, his theory of inheritance, in another of his books, Variation of animals and plants under domestication (1868), was basically lamarckian, particularly related to the inheritance of acquired characters. And, “from so simple beginning”, as Darwin expressed in the last lines of The origin, the “theory of species transmutations”, as he called at first his theory, was changed in the following years, until achieving the hegemonic theory of the XXth century, called The Evolutionary Synthesis. Is this journey that will be presented here, culminating with a contemporary proposal, in 2010, called The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis which is still being confronted with the former theory. Keywords: Biological evolution. Processes of evolution. Genetics. History and philosophy of biology.

Gramsci in Amsterdam: a critique and re-appraisal of the Neo-Gramscian transnationalism

ABSTRACT The so-called Amsterdam School has been a pioneer in developing a theoretical framework for the transnational class dimension of the hegemonic world orders based on Gramscian core concepts and motives. Surprisingly, however, a dedicated analysis and assessment of the use of Gramsci’s key concepts by the School of Amsterdam still lack in the available literature, including the most recent comprehensive reviews. This contribution thus aims at adding a missing piece in the mosaic of the Neo-Gramscian approaches. As it is maintained here, a lacking conceptualization of the relationships between political power and transnational class agency constitutes the main shortfall in the Amsterdam School’s approach. A critical engagement with the Prison Notebooks’ hegemonic theory is thus needed to recast the Neo-Gramscian conceptualization of the transnational and to overcome the dichotomy between the globalization and inter-State approaches, by resolving the main theoretical flaws of the Amsterdam School theorization.

Mujeres lideresas constructoras de paz en la comuna 1 de Medellín: una aproximación a las paces cotidianas construidas desde abajo.

Objetivo: analizar las contribuciones de las mujeres lideresas constructoras de paz de la Comuna 1 de Medellín en el ejercicio de su liderazgo comunitario, que aporta a la consolidación de un concepto de construcción de paz desde abajo y desde una perspectiva crítica y relacional de los derechos humanos. Metodología: investigación de carácter socio jurídico con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollada a partir de un estudio de caso con las mujeres lideresas constructoras de paz de la Comuna 1 de Medellín. En la ejecución de la investigación se combinaron técnicas documentales (análisis de conceptos y de literatura especializada), conversacionales (entrevistas semiestructuradas) e interactivas (trabajo de campo en territorio). Resultados: se encontraron manifestaciones de las paces cotidianas a nivel territorial por parte de las mujeres lideresas, además de diversas expresiones de resistencia y re-existencia encaminadas a resignificar la dignidad humana y la acción colectiva a través de apuestas ético-políticas en la construcción de paces en la Comuna 1. Conclusiones: las mujeres lideresas constructoras de paz en el territorio estudiado van un paso adelante de la teoría hegemónica de los derechos humanos y de los postulados de la paz liberal, su comprensión e interpretación de la sociedad y sus conflictos resulta de avanzada; esto ejemplifica muy bien cómo se puede continuar luchando en el ámbito sociopolítico por una sociedad más justa y en paz con una perspectiva desde abajo, para materializar esas paces cotidianas en sus contextos barriales y comunitarios.