Hectares Of Farmland Research Articles

Food System Governance in the Cambodian Mekong Delta: Food Production, Food Security, Migration, and Indebtedness

Despite the government’s active promotion of rice production, a significant portion of the population still faces food insecurity. While existing literature often highlights the success of achieving rice surplus, few studies delve into the connections between rice surplus and food security, and critically analyze why food security is persistent. In addressing this issue, the study investigates the underlying causes of food insecurity amidst the government’s efforts to increase rice production. The study entails a comprehensive review of existing literature and an examination of food security in three provinces in the Cambodian Mekong Delta. It concludes that while rice intensification has led to increased rice production available for consumption, challenges persist in terms of access to and utilization of rice for food consumption. These challenges are attributed to increased production costs with minimal profit margins, indebtedness, migration, land grabs, water conflicts, and lack of institutional integration in food systems, compounded by the effects of climate change and environmental degradation. As a result, a farming household with one hectare of farmland cannot produce enough rice for food consumption. Consequently, young people opt to sell off their land to settle debts and seek employment opportunities in urban and overseas areas.

Economic efficiency of rice production among the small-scale women farmers in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria

This study evaluated the economic efficiency of rice production among the small-scale women farmers in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 100 small-scale women rice farmers. The primary data were collected with the aid of a well-designed and well-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting technique, financial analysis, the Stochastic production frontier efficiency model, and the Tobit dichotomous regression model. The results show that 88% of women rice farmers were below 50 years old. The mean age was 44 years. Averagely, they were small-scale farmers with 1.31 hectares of farm land. The labor input in man-days constituted the highest percentage of about 50.8% of the total costs of activities involved in rice production. The net farm income and gross margin ratio was estimated at 416,800 Naira and 0.63 respectively. This shows that the rice production by women farmers was profitable and worthwhile. The mean allocative, economic, technical efficiency scores were 50.3%, 50.8%, and 51.20% leaving the efficiency gaps of 49.7%, 49.2%, and 48.8% for improvement respectively. The significant factors influencing the economic efficiency of the rice production among women farmers include the following: – farm size, labor input, household size, seed input, fertilizer input, chemical input, farm experience, and access to credit. The major constraints encountered by women rice farmers include the following: inadequate credit facilities (1st), high cost of labor (2nd), high cost of fertilizers (3rd) and high cost of herbicides (4th). The study recommends that farm inputs such as improved seeds, fertilizer input, chemical input and herbicides should be made available to women farmers at affordable prices. Credit facilities devoid of rigorous administrative procedures at low interest rate should be made available to women farmers Keywords: economic efficiency, rice production, Tobit regression model, small-scale women farmers, Abuja, Nigeria

Analyzing the Impact of Storm ‘Daniel’ and Subsequent Flooding on Thessaly’s Soil Chemistry through Causal Inference

Storm ‘Daniel’ caused the most severe flood phenomenon that Greece has ever experienced, with thousands of hectares of farmland submerged for days. This led to sediment deposition in the inundated areas, which significantly altered the chemical properties of the soil, as revealed by extensive soil sampling and laboratory analysis. The causal relationships between the soil chemical properties and sediment deposition were extracted using the DirectLiNGAM algorithm. The results of the causality analysis showed that the sediment deposition affected the CaCO3 concentration in the soil. Also, causal relationships were identified between CaCO3 and the available phosphorus (P-Olsen), as well as those between the sediment deposit depth and available manganese. The quantified relationships between the soil variables were then used to generate data using a Multiple Linear Perceptron (MLP) regressor for various levels of deposit depth (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm). Then, linear regression equations were fitted across the different levels of deposit depth to determine the effect of the deposit depth on CaCO3, P, and Mn. The results revealed quadratic equations for CaCO3, P, and Mn as follows: 0.001XCaCO32 + 0.08XCaCO3 + 6.42, 0.004XP2 − 0.26XP + 12.29, and 0.003XMn2 − 0.08XMn + 22.47, respectively. The statistical analysis indicated that corn growing in soils with a sediment over 10 cm requires a 31.8% increase in the P rate to prevent yield decline. Additional notifications regarding cropping strategies in the near future are also discussed.

Sustainable Blue Foods from Rice-Animal Coculture Systems.

Global interest grows in blue foods as part of sustainable diets, but little is known about the potential and environmental performance of blue foods from rice-animal coculture systems. Here, we compiled a large experimental database and conducted a comprehensive life cycle assessment to estimate the impacts of scaling up rice-fish and rice-crayfish systems in China. We find that a large amount of protein can be produced from the coculture systems, equivalent to ∼20% of freshwater aquaculture and ∼70% of marine wild capture projected in 2030. Because of the ecological benefits created by the symbiotic relationships, cocultured fish and crayfish are estimated to be carbon-negative (-9.8 and -4.7 kg of CO2e per 100 g of protein, respectively). When promoted at scale to displace red meat, they can save up to ∼98 million tons of greenhouse gases and up to ∼13 million hectares of farmland, equivalent to ∼44% of China's total rice acreage. These results suggest that rice-animal coculture systems can be an important source of blue foods and contribute to a sustainable dietary shift, while reducing the environmental footprints of rice production. To harvest these benefits, robust policy supports are required to guide the sustainable development of coculture systems and promote healthy and sustainable dietary change.

Economic efficiency of smallholder okra (Abelmoschus species) production in Kaduna State, Nigeria: Implication for poverty alleviation

This study evaluated economic efficiency of smallholder okra (Abelmoschus species) production in Kaduna State, Nigeria: Implication for poverty alleviation. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 smallholder okra farmers. Primary sources of data were used. Data were analyzed using farm budgetary technique, financial analysis, stochastic production frontier model, allocative efficiency model, economic efficiency model, Tobit dichotomous regression model, and principal component model. The results show that the mean age of smallholder okra farmers was 43 years. Averagely, okra farmers had 1.8 hectares of farm land. The gross margin and net farm income of okra production per hectare was estimated at 619,325.77 Naira and 559, 194.76 Naira respectively. This signifies that the smallholder okra production was profitable. The mean technical, economic, and allocative efficiency scores were 0.7918, 0.5338, and 0.8345 respectively. The socio-economic factors influencing economic efficiency of smallholder okra production include: age (P<0.01), educational level (P< 0.10), marital status (P< 0.01), household size (P <0.01), farm size (P<0.01), and member of cooperative organization (P<0.05). The major constraints encountered by okra producers were lack of farm inputs, lack of credit facilities, and high cost of labour. The study recommended that farmers should be provided with improved variety of seeds, chemicals, credit facilities, and fertilizer inputs in order to increase their productivity and efficiency.

Grass clover swards: A way out for Dutch dairy farms under legislative pressure?

CONTEXTPolicy measures have been taken to improve water quality in the Netherlands. These measures include the abolishment of derogation, which allowed dairy farmers to go beyond the maximum application of 170 kg nitrogen (N) from organic fertiliser per hectare, and additional measures of the 7th Nitrates Action program. Grass-clover swards, known for their symbiotic N fixation, could be a strategy to deal with stricter N policies and can potentially improve the environmental sustainability and economic viability of Dutch dairy farms. OBJECTIVEThe aim was to assess the effects of stricter N policies on the farm structure, farm income and environmental performance of a representative Dutch dairy farm on a sandy soil, and to assess the effect of incorporating perennial ryegrass-red white clover (GCrw) swards and perennial ryegrass-white clover (GCw) swards into the grassland management of this farm using a model. METHODSA whole-dairy farm linear programming model was used with the objective function to maximize farm income. The model was combined with a farm nutrient balance and life-cycle assessment to determine the impact on nutrient surpluses and greenhouse gas emissions. We modelled a representative Dutch dairy farm with perennial ryegrass (PRG) before and after implementing stricter N policies. Thereafter, the implications of implementing GCrw and GCw swards was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSIncluding the policy measures increased the share of maize land (+12%), decreased the number of dairy cows (-9 cows), reduced farm income (€-18,858 yr-1), led to similar greenhouse gas emissions (∼800 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq) per tonne (t) of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM)), and resulted in a lower N surplus (-65 kg ha-1 yr-1) and phosphate surplus (-4.4 kg ha-1 yr-1) for a scenario with only PRG. The use of GCrw and GCw swards could partly compensate for the reduction in farm income (€+9,255 up to +14,706 yr-1). A combination of PRG, GCrw and GCw resulted in the highest farm income. The use of grass-clover swards only had the most positive effect on greenhouse gas emissions (767 kg CO2-eq t-1 FPCM) and N surplus (113 kg ha-1 yr-1). Sensitivity analysis showed the importance of yields and feed characteristics on the obtained farm income. SIGNIFICIANCEGrass-clover swards might partly compensate for the negative economic consequences of stricter N policies for Dutch dairy farms. Furthermore, implementing grass-clover swards reduced the GHG emission intensity of milk, but not always nutrient surpluses per hectare of farm land.

What is the place of abandonment in planetary rural geographies?

Millions of hectares of farmland have been abandoned over the past decades globally. Yet abandonment remains a neglected ‘outside’ of both the planetary urbanization debate and the emerging field of planetary rural geographies. Engaging with abandonment can benefit both these debates and help overcome persistent and new binaries between the rural and the urban.

The effects of land direct payment program on farm income and production practices

AbstractMany countries of the world have implemented subsidy programs to maintain a minimum amount of farm production especially for rice. Agricultural support programs usually cause significant fiscal burdens on government budgets. These programs can be generally categorized into decoupled and coupled programs, and one longstanding research interest of previous literature is whether these programs are decoupled or coupled with farm production practices. In Taiwan, a unique land direct payment (LDP) program to rice farms was implemented to ease severe financial burden of the price support program with government purchase. In contrast to production control programs imposing quantity restrictions on farm production, this program is voluntary for rice farms, and participants are paid at a fixed rate per hectare of farmland. This paper examines the impacts of this program on farm income and farm production practices in Taiwan. The causal effect of the program is identified based on the exogenous rollout of the policy across multiple times and areas. We construct a dataset linking nationally representative rice farm surveys over several years and administrative records on program recipients to estimate the local average treatment effect of the program. We find that the effect is 4% of farm income. In addition, program participants rely less on price support programs and produce less rice and use less fertilizer, pesticide, and machinery. Although the LDP reduces rice production, we find that it causes overall government spending on the price support and direct payment programs to increase by 8.7% after the LDP.

Socioeconomics Implications and the Resettlement Action Plan of Alaoji-Onitsha Transmission Line Project on Project Affected Persons

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) plays a vital role in managing resettlement-related activities, preventing dispute, agitation and provide necessary component for successful restoration of livelihood of impacted people. Consequently, the study examined the implications of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of Alaoji-Onitsha Transmission Line (TL) project on the socio-economic of the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) in the project corridor using household based questionnaire. The finding on the severity and extent of the project impact on individuals and related socio-economic indicators revealed that 372 households were slated for resettlement, 202 residential buildings, 267 commercial buildings, 11 public buildings, 511.26 hectares of farmland and 42,682 economic trees are impacted by the proposed TL project. The project will have medium residual impacts on land use. The study therefore recommends that the proposed project must ensure resettlement and restoration are carried out in a way that will ensure continuous survival of PAPs with better socio-economic status than the pre-project status.

An assessment of the access to herbicide among smallholder farmers in Bebeji local government area of Kano state

The study assesses the access of herbicide among smallholder farmers in Bebeji Local Government area, Kano state. The advancement in technology in past and present years lead to improvement in weed control. Moreover, the introduction of chemical herbicides is slowly weeping out the traditional method of managing weeds that improves agricultural productions which make farmers cultivate several hectares of farmland, but farmers were facing challenges in accessing the farm inputs. The study focused on primary data collection method in other to have clear information of the challenges farmers are facing in the process of accessing herbicides in the study area. The findings of the study show that 95% of the formers access their herbicides from commercial sellers and open markets. 55% and 33% of farmers were satisfied with the availability of herbicide in the study area. The study found that 96% of the farmers disclosed that lack of adequate funds is the major problem farmers have in accessing herbicides in the study area, as majority of the smallholder farmers are low incoming earners.63% of the farmers use pre-emergent herbicides, 22% of the farmers use both pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicides and 15% of the farmers use post-emergent only. The research carried out has clearly presented the current situation of smallholder farmers in accessing herbicide in the chosen study area. Smallholder farmers in the area have been experiencing difficulties in purchasing herbicide. The research clearly indicated that Government and non Governmental organisations were not providing herbicides at designated time which give chance for marketers to sell herbicide at higher price. There is need for the government to intervene and come to the aide of the farmer’s as to make farm inputs available and sufficient in the study area. As Nigerian agriculture is growing and becoming competitive in the continent providing farm inputs among smallholder’s farmers in the study area will be of great benefits. Committee should be set in all necessary areas as to reach out people with all interventions given by government and none governmental organization.

Effects of Agricultural Machinery Operations on PM2.5, PM10 and TSP in Farmland under Different Tillage Patterns

Agricultural machinery can improve agricultural productivity and promote agricultural scale operation. However, machinery operations lead to increased dust in farmland and affect the atmospheric environment; thus, they have been increasingly emphasized. In this study, the effects of agricultural machinery operations in wheat cultivation were investigated regarding the emissions of three kinds of particulate matters, namely fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10) and total suspended particulate (TSP), from farmland in Beijing. The results showed that the total dust emission from the traditional tillage mode, including straw crushing, rotary tilling and sowing, was 3.990 g per hectare, which was larger than that of the conservation tillage mode including only no-tillage sowing (0.407 g per hectare). The total dust emission for one hectare of farmland under the two modes was 3.415 g, 0.497 g, 0.407 g and 0.078 g for straw shredding, rotary tillage, no-tillage sowing and conventional sowing, respectively. The values of PM2.5/PM10 and PM2.5/TSP decreased in each tillage section after each agricultural machinery operation, while the values of PM10/TSP were basically unchanged, indicating that particulate matter emissions from farmland due to agricultural machinery operations are mainly PM10 and TSP. The dust concentration generated by agricultural machinery increased with an increase in the speed of the machinery operation, provided that the quality of the operation was guaranteed. This study provides guidance for reducing dust emissions from mechanized operations, improving air quality and decreasing health hazards to operators of agricultural machinery.

An empirical assessment of the constraints affecting farmers’ livelihood security in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria

Any government interested in the welfare state of its citizen, the subject of improving livelihood security for the people of the North-Eastern part of Nigeria is an issue of great importance. Food and livelihood security is an important need, as it is indispensable for the maintenance of human life. This research focuses on the empirical assessment of farmers’ livelihood security in the north-eastern region of Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify the socio-economic characteristics of farmers and identify the constraints militating against livelihood security among farmers in the study area. Data were collected from 435 randomly selected farmers in three states of the North-Eastern region with the aid of structured questionnaires. Data analyses were carried out using descriptive statistics involving the use of frequency distribution, percentages, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics involving the use Garret ranking technique. The results revealed that male farmers constituted the majority (73.17%) of the respondents, married with a mean age of 41 years. Most of them (78%) had formal education. The respondents were mostly small-scale farmers, and they cultivated an average of 3.5 hectares of farmland using personal savings. The results of the garret ranking technique revealed that a wide range of constraints militates against the livelihood security of the farmers in the study area. These include variability of rainfall, shortage of labour, and inadequate farm credit facilities as the first three production constraints. Lack of good roads, poor storage facilities, and lack of mobility were rated the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd as the infrastructural constraints. Inadequate access to credit and high-interest rate charge on the loan and high rate of tax were rated the highest among the financial constraints. The study recommended thatfarmers should be aided with sound irrigation facilities and the formation of cooperative organization that will ease the accessibility of infrastructural, financial and production facilities.

Corrupt Government Practices, Regulatory Oversignt, Igorance and Negligence, the Key Factors Affecting Sustainable Urban and Rural Devlopments in Nigeria: Heance, Floodings

Human experiences of the urban spaces have been reshaped by events and how the public domain is framed have produced nagging quests for solutions. These are added to the hitherto baffling situations of how the sustainability of urban and rural spaces have often been affected and on many occasions preculded by the decaying urban fabrics, unplanned physical developments and poor space administration. The 2022 flooding in Nigeria, that partly resulted from corrupt government practices and regulatory oversight have destroyed more lives and properties in the country yet, not enough efforts have been put in place to curb the natural catastrophe. The encrochment and destruction of the natural environment without proper and adequate mitigation practices and infrastructural reinforcement of the areas attributed to the problems however, the major factor could be the neighbouring Cameroon’s Lagdo Dam, opened to ease the water pressure on its side of the border along the Benue River without persuasive measures in Nigeria to serve as a buffer. Nigeria still has not completed the Dasin Hausa dam, started decades ago that would have been two-and-a-half times the capacity of the Lagdo dam in Cameroon, and would generate 300MW of electricity and irrigate about 150,000 hectares of farmland across three states and that needs to be rectified.

Key Dimensions for economic growth of small coffee farmers in Tocache, Peru

In Peru, a key export product is coffee, in particular its Arabica variant. The production areas are located in the high jungle, between 800 meters above sea level and 1,900 meters above sea level. About 60 million wages are generated each year, including those that come from the services of trade and transport of the product. Almost 150,000 families of small farmers have coffee as their livelihood. The research aims to analyze the collective, community and economic situation of small coffee farmers in the district of Tocache in San Martin and determine if the dimensions of associativity, productivity and marketing affect their economic growth. This research was based on a non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional study and used instruments such as questionnaires and the compilation of data and references through secondary sources. The study population consisted of 200 small coffee farmers scattered throughout the district, who own less than 10 hectares of farmland. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that there is a relationship between associativity, productivity and marketing as dimensions of administrative management of small coffee farmers in the Tocache district that positively affect the economic growth of their community.

Rice harvest losses caused by agency slack in China: a mediation analysis

ABSTRACT This study built mediation analysis models to test the hypothesis that a moral hazard-measured as whether harvest operators’ work attitudes are serious-mediates the effects of mechanical harvest outsourcing on rice harvest losses based on a 1106-household survey in China. The major findings are as follows. First, the average rice harvest loss rate in 2016 in China was approximately 3.65%, equalling eight million tons of rice or one million hectares of farmland. Second, after addressing the potential endogeneity, we preliminarily found the mediation effect using the three-step method. The adjusted product of coefficients method from the Sobel test, distribution of the product test, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo test all indicated the significance of the mediation effect arising from work attitudes. Third, we observed the mediation effect through moral hazard for large-scale farmers, but not when farmers used combine harvesters. These results supported the presence of a moral hazard in mechanical harvest outsourcing and showed that combine harvesting could facilitate harvest loss reduction. Policymakers should consider regulating the principal – agent relationship in harvest outsourcing and encourage land transfers to form large-scale farms to promote combine harvesting. These are critical in achieving the sustainable development goal of halving food loss and waste worldwide.

Diversity and composition of riparian vegetation across forest and agro-ecosystem landscapes of Cabadbaran River, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

The Cabadbaran River Irrigation System (CabRIS) supports about 3,212 hectares of farmland for irrigation. Unfortunately, the local irrigation office reported an insufficient water supply for irrigation to serve the entire service area in the past cropping seasons. The water yield has been dwindling; hence, an irrigation system management plan will address the water resource crisis. As a component of the project "Cabadbaran River Irrigation System Management Plan for Irrigation Water Resources (2022-2026)", the biophysical team carried out a floristic assessment for the entire watershed. The study used the quadrat-transect sampling method to assess and characterise the structure and species composition of the riparian areas of the main Cabadbaran River, Cabadbaran City, Agusan del Norte, Philippines. Results recorded about 109 morpho-species belonging to 46 families and 88 genera from the sampling sites. Nineteen species were listed either on the Philippine Red List or the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The plant diversity assessment revealed that biodiversity in riparian forests in the watershed was low to very low due to the massive rampant disturbance in the area. The riparian ecosystem of the Cabadbaran River represents a fragile ecosystem that is threatened by increasing demands on the regional water supply and the conversion of lands into tree plantations and agriculture. Addressing these driving forces causing biodiversity loss will impart a significant challenge for irrigation and land managers in the region.

No One Size Fits All. Women Commercial Farm Employment and Fertility in Ethiopia: A Study of Saudi Star and MERTI Agricultural Development Farms☆

AbstractModern agricultural farms offer huge potential in creating employment opportunities, which, in turn, are expected to reduce fertility. The Ethiopian government has recently leased out millions of hectares of farmland to investors under highly concessionary terms. However, little is known regarding women's farm employment effect on their fertility. Using survey data, this paper analyzed this link in the context of Saudi Star and Merti Agricultural Development farms. Results showed lower odds of fertility intention among employed women compared to non‐employed women where employment is measured more broadly. This result at a glance appears to be consistent with conventional theory which considers children as resulting from parental choice relative to other essential household goods constrained by resource shortages in the household's utility maximization framework. Where employment is measured rather narrowly (standard way) as in most socioeconomic research, however, the odds of fertility intention is higher. The two results were expected to be reversed since fertility was expected to be lower where employment is measured more narrowly than broadly where a range of employments are included. Additionally, effects associated with the recent establishment of Saudi Star farm compared to the more matured farms in Merti are likely to reduce fertility intention.

Perceived Factors Responsible for Herders-Farmers’ Communal Conflict in Plateau State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to assess farmers' perception on the impact of grazing livestock on some tuber crops (yam, cassava and potato) in North Central Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select randomly 1200 tuber crop farmers in the study area (Abuja). Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistic and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the results. The socio-economic analysis showed that most of the farmers were male and married. Most of them had a household size of 6-10 people and were between the ages 41 and 50 years meaning they were within economically active age. Also, most of them had farming experience of 11-20 years and had secondary school education. Majority of them were smallholder farmers and had a maximum of 3 hectares of farmland. Cassava was the most affected tuber crop by grazing livestock in the study area while cattle were the most destructive livestock to tuber crops in the study area. The study revealed that impact of grazing on tuber crop production significantly (p <.05) depended on the tuber type (yam, cassava and potato), livestock type (cattle, goat and sheep), and location of the farmers in terms of state (Plateau). Also, the interaction between tuber type, livestock type and location had significant influence on the level of grazing on tuber crops in the study area. It was recommended that grazing reserves be provided for livestock farmers so that the incessant clashes between crop farmers and herders resulting from destruction of crops by livestock can be reduced.

AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF FARMERS’ LIVELIHOOD SECURITY IN THE NORTH-EASTERN REGION OF NIGERIA

The subject of improving livelihood security for the people of the North-Eastern part of Nigeria is an issue of important need, as it is indispensable for the maintenance of human life. This research focuses on the empirical assessment of farmers’ livelihood security in the north-eastern region of Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and to assess the livelihood security status among the farmers in the study area. Data were collected from 435 randomly selected farmers in three states of the North-Eastern region with the aid of structured questionnaires. Data analyses were carried out using descriptive statistics involving the use of frequency distribution, percentages, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics involving the use of livelihood security index. The results revealed that male farmers constituted the majority (73.17%) of the respondents married with a mean age of 41 years. The respondents were mostly small-scale farmers, and they cultivated an average of 3.5 hectares of farmland. The results of the Livelihood Security index revealed the score value of 0.31 for economic security, food security 0.17, health security 0.33, habitat security 0.49, education security 0.33 and social security scored the highest with 0.77. The overall Household Security Index of the farmers scored a value of 0.40 indicating a low position of livelihood security status of the farmers in the study area. The study recommends the need to focus on growth development programs in which the majority of the poor can earn income and will certainly have a greater impact on reducing poverty, consequently leading to improved livelihood security.

Agriculture as A Business: An Analysis of Arable Crop Farming Practices in Edo State, Nigeria

The study analyzed the practices of selected arable crop farmers in Edo State, Nigeria. Specifically, it determined their participation in arable crops cultivation practices and identified the types of records kept with a view to determining their business orientation. A two stage sampling procedure, comprising of purposive and snowball was used to select 196 respondents with access to a minimum of 2 hectares of farmland but only 179 respondents were used for the analysis. Data were collected through the use of interviews and analyzed with logistic regression model. Results showed that farmers were averagely aged with a mean of 37.2 years. The average farming experience was 15.8 years. Farmers engaged in arable crop production practices such as land preparations, planting, weeding, and fertilizer application among others. However, only the cost of hired labour records was kept while cost of other input resources was not accurately documented. Farm size (wald = 3.81), access to labour (wald = 2.52) and access to credit (wald = 5.19) determined their level of participation in arable crop production. The study concludes that farmers practice agriculture as an art and not as a business. This is because business involves adequate records keeping in order to ascertaining profitability.