Heavy Physical Load Research Articles

Formation and Development of Professionally Important Qualities of Civil Defense Specialists at Higher Education Institutions

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation and development of professionally important qualities of civil defense specialists at higher education institutions. Different approaches to the definition of the concept of «professionally important qualities» are analyzed, according to which the concept is considered as biologically determined (physiological, psychological, innate abilities and inclinations), individual and psychological properties of a personality as a specialist as well as personal properties formed and developed in the process of training and professional activities. The author considers some classifications of professionally important qualities of a civil defense specialist. For any type of professional activity, such professionally important qualities as discipline, responsibility, accuracy, attentiveness, observation, sensitivity, punctuality, restraint, ingenuity, ability to self-control and professional self-assessment of one's own states and actions, purposefulness, developed visual and figurative memory and analytical thinking are relevant. Risky professions require physical endurance, coordination of movements, dexterity, ability to tolerate heavy physical loads and high temperatures, determination and courage, mental and emotional stability, risk-taking, ability to switch, distribute, concentrate and hold attention, react quickly to the situation and make independent decisions and act in extreme conditions, a sense of duty, etc. The following groups of professionally important qualities for civil defense specialists are identified and substantiated: psychophysiological, intellectual, emotional and volitional, moral and ethical, managerial and communicative. The possibilities of their formation and development in the process of cadets' professional training at a higher education institution are considered.

ENSURING RELIABILITY AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION COULTERS DISCS OF GRAIN SEEDERS

A study was conducted aimed at studying the problems of the reliability of coulter discs and proposing ways, methods of restoring and optimizing the design of coulters of grain seed drills to maximize their reliability and durability. Grain planters in agriculture play a key role in the process of growing crops. However, one of the most important components of these units are coulter discs, which are often exposed to aggressive conditions and heavy physical loads. Ensuring the reliability of coulter discs of grain seeders is a key aspect in agricultural production, since the efficiency of the technological process of sowing directly affects the yield and quality of agricultural crops. A thorough analysis of the geometry and materials of the disks was carried out to identify weak points and potential sources of activation, as well as to determine the main factors that lead to their wear and destruction. The values and distribution of the residual stresses in the material of the new disk and the restored one by welding three segments made of steel with surmite surfacing and vibration hardening were determined. The values of the degree of strengthening of the material of the cutting edge of restored coulter discs were found. Optimal modes of vibration strengthening are established: frequencies and amplitudes of oscillations of the processing tool, time. The research makes it possible to develop an optimized design of opener discs, which will ensure their high reliability and service life during various operating conditions. The results of the research will be used to improve the technical characteristics and production technologies of coulter discs, which will help to increase productivity, reduce the costs of repairing seed drills and ensure efficient sowing.

VIETNAM WAR: REDRAWING OF LOADS THROUGH THE WORKS OF TIM O’ BRIEN’S THE THINGS THEY CARRIED

War and memory are interrelated and it represents a verisimilitude approach through the presentation of distinction among legitimate history, intellectual history and the military histories of the war (written history of armed forces, journalist). In the history of War, there are natural tendencies of legitimate historians to hide the discursive history of war (from ground zero) from the ordinary people. Most of time, the physical and psychological pain of battalions during the war , their agony, trauma and frustrations are not penned down and people of the nations(defeated and triumph nations) are unaware of the true history of ground zero. In this paper, I would like to analysis American War on Vietnam through the work of Tim O’Brien. Vietnam War is also known as “War against the Americans to save the Nation” or “American War in Vietnam”. Tim O’Brien is an American novelist and he contributes in the war. He has ranked as a sergeant in military. His semi-autobiographical novel, Things They Carried points out his experiences in the Vietnam War. It is an empathetic, as well as, fictional account of nonfictional story of American soldiers through the jungles of Vietnam. It is a story of loss and love, guilt and fear. In War, soldiers carry their necessary things (physical objects) like matches, Morphine, M-16 Rifles and Candy. After the War, they bring grief, terror, guilt, confusion and the brutality of War as a return gift. After life of War, each soldiers’ physical loss underscores under emotional loss. In this memoir, Tim O’Brien delineates how soldiers carry heavy physical and psychological loads in the War.

The difference in signs of temporomandibular joint disorders between Airforce Pilot Corps, Paskhas Corps, and Supporting Corps in Indonesian Airforce

Objective: This study aims to analyze the difference in signs of TMJ disorders in Indonesian Air Force soldiers. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study. The research subjects were 39 Indonesian Air Force soldiers who were underwent periodic health check up at Lakespra Dr. Saryanto Jakarta who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.. The data obtained were tested with one way Anova, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test by SPSS. Results: The three groups had signs of TMJ disorders in different proportions. The Paskhas Corps had the highest percentage of abnormalities in the examination of muscle palpation, TMJ palpation, and TMJ auscultation of 23%, 23%, and 53.85%, respectively. Meanwhile, the Airforce Pilot had the most abnormalities in mandibular movement, about 92%. The results of statistical tests showed that there were significant differences in the TMJ auscultation examination in the three groups, but not on other examinations. Conclusion: Exercises and heavy physical loads in the Paskhas Corps can affect the masticatory muscles and cause microtrauma in the TMJ resulting in the occurrence of TMJ symptoms is higher.

A Systematic Literature Review of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Nurses’ Experience During Covid-19

Background: Numerous studies agree that intensive care unit (ICU) nurses carry a relatively heavy mental and physical load, which may be attributable to the gravity of their responsibilities in an environment where the slightest error could have catastrophic effects on the lives of the patients in their care. New insights are needed to support ICU nurses during the pandemic by recognizing their experiences and challenges in work environments. Hence, conducting a systematic literature review may provide a better understanding of the common challenges that ICU nurses experienced during COVID-19 and provide research-based evidence of effective adaptation strategies that have been implemented to lessen their burden. Objective: The impact of the 2019 COVID season on the work of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses is the subject of this review. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed on three electronic search engines, which are Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, from 2019 to 2022. A PRISMA flow chart was used to facilitate the process of article selection. Results: A total of 12 articles were selected for the review; the main themes were: i) The challenges in taking care of patients; ii) Adaptation strategies; iii) The impact of COVID-19 on social life; and iv) The impact of COVID-19 on perceptions of career. Conclusion: Given the challenges faced by ICU nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential for healthcare institutions and policymakers to provide adequate support systems. This includes access to mental health resources, counseling services, and peer support programs to help nurses cope with the emotional and psychological stress associated with their work during a crisis. Even though this review attempted to identify the adaptation strategies used by ICU nurses, there are currently fewer studies investigating this issue. Hence, further study should explore this.

Cofactorial herniotransformation peculiarities of midline abdomen

Relevance. Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of the role of various risk factors in the pathogenesis of herniation along the midline of the abdomen. The question of their interrelation with another equally important predictor of herniogenesis - connective tissue insufficiency remains understudied. The aim of the present study is to investigate the severity of connective tissue dysplasia and peculiarities of its interaction with other risk factors in different variants of midline abdominal herniotransformation. Materials and Methods. The examined group included 150 (89.2%) patients with postoperative median hernias of various sizes and 18 (10.8%) patients with primary hernias of the white line of the abdomen. In 12 (8%) cases, relapses of postoperative hernial protrusions were noted. In 12 (10.5 %) cases, relapses of postoperative hernial protrusions were noted. The surveyed group included 109 (64.8 %) women and 59 (35.2 %) men. Risk factors for median herniogenesis were evaluated in the opposite sense relative to the severity of connective tissue pathology. Results and Discussion. We evaluated the risk factors of median herniogenesis in the opposite value and direction with regard to the severity of connective tissue pathology in the observation groups. It was found out that the leading role in herniotransformation of the medial abdominal line belongs to the suppuration of postoperative medial wounds, relaparotomy and heavy physical load with the role efficiency of 66.6 %, 56.2 % and 54.5 % respectively. The lowest level of connective tissue dysplasia was observed in the groups where the risk factors of median herniogenesis were the age of patients, the presence of relaparotomy in the history and heavy physical activity. Only in the observation group, where pregnancy and childbirth in the anamnesis were the predictors, the patients with white line hernias had less severe connective tissue insufficiency by 27,9 % in comparison with the patients with postoperative median hernias. In patients with recurrent midline hernias in all risk factors, the severity of connective tissue dysplasia always reached the maximum score. Conclusion. At any predictor of hernia formation or their combined effect, the severity of connective tissue dysplasia always remained severe, which confirms one of the leading roles of connective tissue pathology in the formation of medial abdominal hernias.

Analysis of Different Shape Ventilation Elements for Protective Clothing

People's thermoregulation may be hampered by exposure to extreme temperatures. Because of this, it is crucial to consider how fabric cooling and ventilation may affect human comfort while designing clothing. There is a demand on the market for more effective technical solutions and materials to be used in the external part of protective gear, while also ensuring the necessary ventilation even in warm environmental conditions and during heavy physical load. This is due to the growing interest in the market for efficient protection of the human body against exposure to extreme weather conditions. In this article a simple elliptical model of the body and the jacket is used to reduce the complexity of the problem. Five different shapes of ventilation elements named as E1 to E5 are designed for the study and the numerical results for the pressure, temperature and heat flux are calculated using SolidWorks Flow Simulation at three different inlet air velocity of 2, 5 and 8 m/s. The acquired results display interesting flow patterns and how the ventilation elements' shapes might influence the flow at various wind velocities. The results are compared and analyzed in terms of heat flux, pressure difference and temperature difference. The main objective is to determine which element's geometrical shape gives the smallest flow energy losses in the cell flow channel. If the pressure difference is higher, flow energy losses will also be high, and if the flow energy losses are higher, the body cooling decreases. The obtained results show that pressure difference increases gradually with the increasing inlet velocity. Moreover, results also indicates how different shapes of ventilation elements can affect the flow, pressure difference and flow energy losses. Based on analysis of obtained simulation results the most perspective ventilation element is proposed.

Загальні принципи діагностики туберкульозного спондиліту

Актуальність. Епідеміологічна ситуація щодо кістково-суглобового туберкульозу (КСТ) характеризується значною кількістю невиявлених хворих. Метою даної публікації є привернення уваги практичних лікарів до важливої проблеми діагностики туберкульозного спондиліту (ТС) і підвищення її ефективності. Матеріали та методи. В основу дослідження покладені дані протоколів обстежень та медична документація 175 хворих, які у період з 2006 по 2015 рік знаходились у відділенні кістково-суглобового туберкульозу КЗОЗ «Обласна туберкульозна лікарня № 1» Харківської обласної ради та хірургічному відділенні КЗОЗ «Обласний протитуберкульозний диспансер № 1» Харківської обласної ради з активним уперше діагностованим ТС. Усі проліковані хворі були розподілені на дві групи. До першої групи ввійшли 93 (53,1 %) хворі, у яких лікування проводилося з оперативним втручанням на уражених специфічним деструктивним процесом хребцях, до другої — 82 (46,9 %) хворі, яких лікували без оперативних втручань, тобто консервативно. Вік хворих був у межах від 17 до 75 років. Результати. При ретельному зборі анамнезу у пацієнтів, яких обстежували, вдалося визначити наявність контактів із хворими на туберкульоз, особливо з бактеріовиділеннями, у 14 хворих І групи (15,1 %) і 16 — ІІ групи (19,5 %), отримані відомості про перенесені захворювання (про туберкульоз інших локалізацій) у 8 пацієнтів І групи (8,6 %) і 10 — ІІ групи (12,2 %). Після значного загального переохолодження захворіли 3 пацієнти І групи (3,2 %) і 2 — ІІ групи (2,4 %). Травма і тяжка фізична робота передували першим ознакам ТС у 9 хворих І групи (9,7 %) і 7 — ІІ групи (8,5 %). У результаті обробки бази даних серед уперше виявлених хворих на ТС нами відібрані та проаналізовані провокуючі фактори для розвитку захворювання, що зустрічалися в обстежених хворих. Ці фактори умовно поділялися на дві групи: А — органні (клінічні), Б — соціальні. Наявність органних факторів було виявлено у 72 пацієнтів І групи (77,4 %) і 68 — ІІ групи (82,9 %). Різні комбінації цих факторів визначали один із трьох ступенів ризику — високий, середній, низький. Нозологічна діагностика ТС включала в усіх випадках оглядову рентгенографію у двох площинах, яка виконувалась на основі даних огляду хворого. Подальша діагностика поглиблювалась за задачами хірургічного лікування. Розробка ряду нових технологій променевої діагностики хребта значно поширила діагностичні можливості ТС. До традиційного рентгенологічного методу додалися контрастна мієлографія, комп’ютерна томографія, магнітно-резонансна томографія. За відсутності бактеріологічного, цитологічного та гістологічного підтверджень діагнозу останній встановлювали за всією сукупністю результатів досліджень. Використання запропонованих принципів діагностики ТС з урахуванням групи ризику дозволило значно скоротити кількість запущених та ускладнених форм цього захворювання. Якщо у 2005 р. серед хворих, які надійшли до спеціалізованих відділень КСТ із вперше діагностованим активним ТС, запущені та ускладнені форми були в 77,6 %, то у 2012 р. — у 39,2 % пацієнтів (зниження майже у 2 рази), що свідчить про високу ефективність цих методів діагностики. Діагностика ТС базувалася на зіставленні клінічних, лабораторних, бактеріологічних і рентгенологічних даних, нових методів променевої діагностики. Враховували характер розвитку захворювання, звичайно поступовий і тривалий, попередні або супутні туберкульозні ураження інших органів або систем, наявність умов, що сприяють контакту з туберкульозними хворими. Висновки. Таким чином, діагноз туберкульозу хребта порівняно легко встановити, якщо своєчасно подумати про можливість цього захворювання, здійснити первинне обстеження хворого в межах діагностичного мінімуму і, при необхідності, запросити відповідного спеціаліста для консультації.

Association between severe lumbar disc degeneration and self-reported occupational physical loading.

ObjectivesOccupational physical loading has been reported to be associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. However, previous literature reports inconsistent results for different vertebral levels. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) at different vertebral levels and the self‐reported physical loading of occupation.MethodsThe study population consisted of 1,022 postmenopausal women and was based on the prospective Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) study cohort. The severity of LDD was graded from T2‐weighted MRI images using the five‐grade Pfirrmann classification. Five intervertebral levels (L1–L2 to L5–S1) were studied (total 5110 discs). The self‐rated occupational physical loading contained four groups: sedentary, light, moderate, and heavy.ResultsThe heavy occupational physical loading group had higher odds for severe LDD at the L5–S1 vertebral level (OR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.19–2.92, p = .006) in comparison with the sedentary work group. A clear trend of increasing disc degeneration with heavier occupational loading was also observed at the L5–S1 level. Age, smoking, and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with more severe LDD. Leisure‐time physical activity at the age of 11–17 years was associated with less severe LDD. Controlling for confounding factors did not alter the results.ConclusionsThere appears to be an association between occupational physical loading and severe disc degeneration at the lower lumbar spine in postmenopausal women. Individuals in occupations with heavy physical loading may have an increased risk for work‐related disability due to more severe disc degeneration.

Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players.

Simple SummarySports training may impact the variations of biomarkers in soccer players. Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed twice in the season for their hematology and biochemical status, while training loads were monitored over the season. Relationships between changes in biomarkers and accumulated training loads were tested. Results revealed that that intense training in the pre-season period leads to decreases and increases in different hematological and biochemical markers.Background: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = −0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: −3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: −16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = −0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = −0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = −0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = −0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = −0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: −1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: −2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50–0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50–0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining.

Criteria for assessing the level of physical fitness and physical state of football players with cerebral paralysis, taking into account their sports classes

Background and Study Aim. The article is devoted to finding ways to optimize the training of players with cerebral palsy (CP). It is determined that testing and elaboration of criteria for assessing the level of physical fitness of football players with cerebral palsy can be used as a mean of evaluation the sportsmanship of football players of this nosology in training and competitive activities. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of physical and functional preparedness of football players with cerebral paralysis and to develop criteria for their evaluation during the intensive training period, taking into account the functional classes of athletes.
 Material and Methods. 25 football players with cerebral palsy, candidates and members of the national team of Ukraine, three-time Paralympic champions, multiple world and European champions took part in the study voluntarily. Athletes of the selected group have 5-8 classes of the adapted classification of the International Association of Cerebral Palsy (CP-ISRA) for CP-Football. Biochemical parameters were studied before and after training work of different focus. The value of maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) was determined by means of bicycle ergometric testing. The physical state and level of physical fitness of football players were monitored during the study. The research was conducted on the basis of the research laboratory of Prydniprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sport and on the basis of the Municipal Institution "Dnipropetrovsk Medical and Physical Dispensary" of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council.
 Results. It was found that athletes with cerebral paralysis are able to adequately tolerate heavy physical loads. Football players with disabilities had biochemical parameters of blood sampling and registration of recovery processes of the cardiovascular system after training activities of different focus within the permissible norm for both healthy athletes. Obtaining such data became the basis for the intensification of training process, which promoted the development of motor skills of football players.
 Conclusions. Obtained data were the basis for creation the criteria for assessing the level of physical fitness of football players depending on their sports classes. In future, this will allow coaches to determine the effectiveness of the training period, obtain information about the condition of players in training, in the recovery process. On this basis it will help to individualize the workload of players and adjust the training process. The analysis of a direction of preparation and decision-making about educational process correction for football players with disabilities can be realized according to the received data in various structural formations of an annual macrocycle.

EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON CARDIOINTERVALS DURING PHYSICAL TRAINING IN MEN

Introduction: Effects of low temperature and excessive physical load on the cardiovascular system are among the issues of human physiology that require better understanding for successful exploration of the Arctic. Aim: To study cardiac rhythm before and after winter marathon (50 km) in men. Methods: Altogether, 15 healthy men took part in this study. Cardiorhytm parameters were measured using "Elox-01S" device before and after a 50 km marathon in winter at -12 0C. Matrices of paired observations before and after the exposure were constructed. The number of k-pares belonging to the to the same population were identified. Wilcoxon test for paired samples was applied for before-after comparisons. Results: Significant differences were revealed in six main parameters of the heart rate at p ≤ 0.05 before and after the marathon. Pairwise comparisons matrices of samples showed an increase in the proportion of chaos, since decreased the number of cardiointervals samples pairwise comparisons for which P ≥ 0.05 (k1 = 15 before and k2 = 11 after the marathon), which seems to be typical for the winter period. Other studies have reported that in women the differences were significant for three parameters only, while in men, all 6 parameters are changed after the winter marathon. The role of chaos increases for the studied parameters after long physical exercise. Conclusion: Our results suggest that heavy physical load in winter may result in increasing of the role of sympathetic neuro-vegetative system and decreasing of the role of the parasympathetic system.

Musculoskeletal injuries in physical education versus non-physical education teachers: a prospective study

ABSTRACTPhysical education (PE) teachers have a physically demanding job, putting them at a considerable risk for musculoskeletal injuries. To structurally develop tailored injury prevention programmes for PE teachers, a clear understanding of the extent, characteristics and underlying factors of their musculoskeletal injuries compared to referents is necessary. Therefore, the current study prospectively followed 103 PE teachers and 58 non-PE teachers, who registered musculoskeletal injuries and time of exposure to sports participation during one school year. Pearson χ2-tests and independent samples t-tests determined significant differences between PE and non-PE teachers regarding demographics and variables possibly related to injury occurrence. PE teachers had 1.23 and non-PE teachers 0.78 injuries/teacher/school year. This difference was significantly different after adjustment for hours spent weekly on intracurricular teaching during the career and for injury history during the preceding six months (P = 0.009; OR = 0.511; 95% CI = 0.308–0.846). PE teachers’ most affected body parts were the knee and the back. PE teachers had a more extensive injury history (P < 0.001), a higher work- (P < 0.001) and sport index (P < 0.001), practiced more sports (P < 0.002) and taught more extracurricular sports (P = 0.001). Future injury prevention programmes should take account for the great injury history and heavy physical load in PE teachers.

The dose-response relationship between cumulative lifting load and lumbar disk degeneration based on magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Lumbar disk degeneration (LDD) has been related to heavy physical loading. However, the quantification of the exposure has been controversial, and the dose-response relationship with the LDD has not been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-response relationship between lifetime cumulative lifting load and LDD. This was a cross-sectional study. Every participant received assessments with a questionnaire, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine, and estimation of lumbar disk compression load. The MRI assessments included assessment of disk dehydration, annulus tear, disk height narrowing, bulging, protrusion, extrusion, sequestration, degenerative and spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, foramina narrowing, and nerve root compression on each lumbar disk level. The compression load was predicted using a biomechanical software system. A total of 553 participants were recruited in this study and categorized into tertiles by cumulative lifting load (ie, <4.0 × 10(5), 4.0 × 10(5) to 8.9 × 10(6), and ≥8.9 × 10(6) Nh). The risk of LDD increased with cumulative lifting load. The best dose-response relationships were found at the L5-S1 disk level, in which high cumulative lifting load was associated with elevated odds ratios of 2.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.5, 4.1) for dehydration and 4.1 (95% CI=1.9, 10.1) for disk height narrowing compared with low lifting load. Participants exposed to intermediate lifting load had an increased odds ratio of 2.1 (95% CI=1.3, 3.3) for bulging compared with low lifting load. The tests for trend were significant. There is no "gold standard" assessment tool for measuring the lumbar compression load. The results suggest a dose-response relationship between cumulative lifting load and LDD.

Impact of heavy load activity on cardiovascular system: echocardiographic assessment of informal construction workers heart in Cameroon.

IntroductionPhysiological cardiac hypertrophy and dilation are common findings in heavy physical load activity. We carried out this study to investigate the relationship between construction work and cardiac parameters adaptations, by comparing healthy masons to office workers on heart ultrasound.MethodsThe study was carried out on, 50 construction workers and 50 office workers matched for their weight, height and age. Systolic and Diastolic blood pressures, Left Ventricular diameter and thickness, Septum wall thickness and Left ventricular mass index were measured and calculatedResultsHeart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower in construction workers, as compared to office workers: respectively 63±7 bpm vs. 75±6 bpm (p = 0.000); 120.1±7 mmHg vs. 130.5±9 mmHg (p = 0.000) and 68.5±7 mmHg vs. 77.0 ±9 mmHg (p = 0.000). Construction workers had a thicker septum and posterior wall: respectively 10.3 ± 1.1 mm vs. 8.9 ± 0.9 mm (p = 0.000); and 9.0 ± 1.2 mm vs. 8.1 ± 0.8 mm (p = 0.000).ConclusionConclusion We deducted that heavy load work has an impact on the heart mensuration. The past occupational history has to be taken into consideration during initial medical assessing of a worker in for a new job so as to avoid erroneous conclusions.

251 Differences in the determinants of extensive as compared with more limited musculoskeletal pain

ObjectivesTo explore whether multi-site musculoskeletal pain differs from more localised musculoskeletal pain in its association with risk factors.MethodsAs part of the CUPID study, standardised questionnaires were used to ascertain exposure...

Privalomosios pradinės ir profesionalios karo tarnybų karių patiriamo streso analizė

Very often conscripted soldiers experience heavy physical loads and mental shocks and challenges. The goal of this thesis was to analyse and to compare the factors triggering the stress to soldiers of compulsory conscription and professional military service and the ways to cope with it. Methods applied in this thesis were as follows: investigation conducted in 2010-2011 applying quantitative data accumulation and data processing methods. 233 soldiers of compulsory conscription and professional military service that were in the service in the aircraft base of Military Air Force and were selected applying the targeted sampling method participated in the inquiry. The statistic program package „SPSS 17 for Windows” was applied for data analysis. Levels of significance of statistical hypotheses were applied: where p&amp;lt;0,05 was statistically significant, p&amp;lt;0,01 was statistically very significant and p&amp;lt;001 was extremely statistically significant. The participants were acquainted with investigation goal and the consent of a uniformed person was received. The results of the investigation revealed that such factors as everyday routine, military discipline, constant tiredness, impossibility to change the established day time schedule, negative emotions of other soldiers and strict particular requirements triggered stress significantly more often to the soldiers of compulsory conscription service than to the soldiers of professional service. The more strong reaction of soldiers of compulsory conscription service to stress provoked the feeling of loneliness and physical and emotional exhaustion at the end of the service day, meanwhile the soldiers of professional service had some difficulties with sleep at night and emotional exhaustion. While trying to combat the stress the soldiers of professional service significantly more often than the soldiers of compulsory conscription service used the conversation with a good friend and long walks, meanwhile the soldiers of compulsory conscription service trying to suppress the stress used to smoke significantly more often than the soldiers of professional service. Smoking as the method to conquer the stress was preferred more often by the soldiers from smaller townships.

STUDY OF WORKING CONDITIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL UPPER EXTREMITY MYOFIBROSIS PATIENTS

In 1982-2001 physical load-related diseases contributed 49.4 % to occupational morbidity in Saint-Petersburg. In the study of 553 blue-collar worker jobs, 56.1 % were found to be connected with physical overloads. It makes the problem of health protection of workers occupationally exposed to unfavorable effects, including muscle strain and overstrain, particularly topical. The object of the study was the working conditions assessment in heavy physical load jobs. Working conditions of plasterers, sinkers, mechanical assemblers, assemblers of metal vessel hulls were studied. Working process severity was shown to be the major common factor for all those jobs.

HEALTH STATUS OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO HEAVY PHYSICAL LOADS AND HAND VIBRATION

Occupational diseases develop while working in unfavorable working conditions, such as whole-body and local physical load, whole-body and local vibration, and cold, etc. The aim of the study was to examine the state of the upper extremi ties musculoskeletal system under occupational exposure to heavy physical loads and hand vibration. Working conditions of 89 plasterers, taking into account adverse effects, corresponded to: 3-rd class, 2-nd degree, harmful heavy work of the 2-nd degree; working conditions of 87 sinkers, 102 mechanical assemblers, 84 assemblers of metal vessel hulls corresponded to the 3-rd class, the 3-rd degree, harmful heavy work of the 3-rd degree. Numerous complaints of hands pain, surgeon objective examination findings, disturbances of muscle strength, the upper extremities microcirculation, creatine phosphokinase activity allowed to diagnose I - II degree miofibrosis in the examined groups. Miofibrosis was combined with vibration disease of the I-II degree in those who worked with vibration instruments.

P-1394 - Interaction of occupational conditions in affceting physical health of women workers in multinational establishments

The Philippines has established many export zones as a response to the Structural Adjustment Programs of the World Bank in order to stabilize its economy. The study aimed at looking into the problems caused by organizational factors such as job autonomy, content of job, nature of task, hazard exposure and management styles to mental health of women workers. This was conducted in an export zone involving 31 industries and an interview with 613 women workers. The results showed that there were several interactions between variables which include the following- the need for new quality for products is associated with the need to upgrade knowledge and skills, fast-pace work is associated with heavy physical load, poor health and safety policies at work with exposure to vapors, and participation in benchmarking with better policies on promotion and training.Hazardous work was also correlated with boring and repetitive jobs, work pressure and those without autonomy in accomplishing work. Mental type of task was less repetitious and less boring but with greater work pressure. Manual work as in assembly-line type of work was correlated too with work pressure and lesser autonomy in accomplishing work. Those with health and safety programs had lesser boring jobs, lesser work pressure, better salaries, more autonomy in accomplishing work, and lesser hazard exposures.The study proposed for a massive review of the existing regulations for work and its relations to mental and psychological health. This study has policy implication and can serve as a basis for advocacy work.