Basic information is presented on two-proton radioac tivity. The 2p- radioactive nuclei and the optimum conditions of producing them in reactions with the participation of He/sup 3/ or heavy multi-charged ions are enumerated with the indiction of the number of evaporated neutrons and the thresholds of these reactions. Estimates are made of the cross sections for the production of 2p- radioactive nuclei, which reach 0.1 to 1 mb. Under consideration are the energy and angular correlations of the two emitted protons depending on the nature of their interaction within the nucleus and outside it. The interpretation of the triple fission of nuclei with the emission of long-range alpha-particles is suggested by analogy with certain properties of two-proton decay. (auth)