Heavy Metals In Different Parts Research Articles

Detection of Heavy Metals Concentration Due to Leather Tanning Industry and Prevalent Disease Pattern in Kasur, Pakistan

Leather tanning industry is the third largest export earning industry of Pakistan. Kasur is second largest leather producing city in Punjab. It is among Pakistan’s most contaminated cities due to discharge of highly toxic industrial effluent into open fields. This study aims to identify the level of toxicity of the soil in terms of heavy metals in different parts of Kasur city. Seventy (70) soil samples were collected from seven different locations including city centre, evacuated ponds and agriculture fields being fed with the recycled water from the wastewater treatment plant. In this study, the presence of three heavy metals, that is, Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) were measured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The overall mean value of these metals (Cr 3.859 ± 0.510 mg/Kg, Mn 0.5243 ± 0.0691 mg/Kg and Ni 0.4759 ± 0.0318 mg/Kg, respectively) in Kasur was found higher as compared to control samples (Cr 0.2622 ± 0.033 mg/Kg, Mn 0.1701 ± 0.016 mg/Kg and Ni 0.1817 ± 0.021 mg/Kg, respectively). The results reflect that the areas which are in contact with tannery effluents have high levels of Cr, Mn and Ni as compared to other sites and control samples. It was seen that majority of the city population is facing diseases associated with drinking water, soil and air pollution caused by tanning industry.

Isolation of Hg and Cu resistant Streptomyces from marine sediments in different regions of the Caspian Sea

Expansion of industrial activities; mining and metal plating could cause release of high amount of heavy metals into seawater and marine sediment resulting in heavy metal resistant microorganisms. Due to the important role of Streptomyces in production of secondary metabolites, the reduction ability of enzymes and elements was used to study the resistance exhibited by Streptomyces in the isolation of heavy metals (copper and mercury) from marine sediments and coastal waters of the Caspian Sea. Marine sediments samples were collected from coastal locations aseptically. The media of Starch Casein agar (SCA), and Kusters agar (KUA) were used for the isolation of Streptomyces and biochemical testes like lipid, casein, starch and gelatin hydrolysis and etc. was carried out for identification of this bacteria and determination of heavy metals (Hg, Cu) resistant strains was performed with well diffusion assay and for detection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) Micro dilution assay was used. Also, amounts of heavy metals in different parts of coastal waters were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry assay. A total of 41 Streptomyces were isolated from coastal locations 7 strains (17.07%) showed copper resistant to 1000 mg/L, 4 strains (9.75%) showed mercury resistant. The strains C9, D11 and E16 to 20 mg/L and C2 to 40 mg/L were mercury resistant. Due to existence of heavy metals (Hg, Cu) resistant Streptomyces in the Caspian Sea, researcher can use them as well suited agents for Bioremediation.

Assessment of some heavy metals in vegetables, cereals and fruits in Saudi Arabian markets

The concentration of some heavy metals Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg in various vegetables (roots, stems, leafy, fruits, cereals and legumes) grown in four major industrial and urban cities (Tabouk, Riyadh, Damamm and Jazan) in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The obtained results declared that concentrations of major studied metals were exceeding than the recommended maximum acceptable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Leafy vegetables were found to contain the highest metals values especially parsley (543.2 and 0.048μg/g for Fe and Hg respectively), Jews mallow (94.12 and 33.22μg/g for Mn and Zn respectively), spinach (4.13μg/g for Cd). While peas in legumes group maintained the highest Zn content 71.77μg/g and finally cucumber had the highest Pb content 6.98μg/g on dry matter basis. High concentrations of heavy metals in different parts of the vegetables might be related to their concentration in the polluted air with industrial activities especially in middle and eastern districts. The study concludes that atmospheric depositions and marketing systems of vegetables play a significant role in elevating the levels of heavy metals in vegetables having potential health hazards to consumers of locally produced foodstuffs.

An Assessment of the Accumulation Potential of Pb, Zn and Cd by Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. in Vamleshwar Mangroves, Gujarat, India

The study deals with the accumulation of Pb, Zn and Cd in an important mangrove species, Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., in the Vamleshwar mangrove ecosystem, near Narmada estuary, West coast of Gujarat, India with height differences of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 meters and carried out under field conditions during October, 2009. The site was located on 21 °30´11.55´´ N latitude and 72°43´53.68´´ E longitude. Mangrove receives heavy metal pollution from upstream areas of Narmada estuary and highly populated settlements. However, little is known about the capacity of mangrove plants to take up and store heavy metals in them. Water, sediment and plant parts such as roots, stems and leaves were analyzed for finding the trace metal accumulation of different height groups by Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyser (ICPA). Amount of the content of metals found in the water, sediment and plant parts were in the order of Pb>Zn>Cd. The average contents of heavy metals in the waters were 57.83 mg l -1 for Pb, 3.89 83 mg l -1 for Zn and 0.42 mg l -1 for Cd. It was observed that the average contents of Pb (73.6 mg l -1 ), Zn (8.1 mg l -1 ) and Cd (0.73 mg l -1 ) in the sediments were below the critical soil concentrations. The concentrations of heavy metals in different parts of Avicennia marina were in the order Roots>stem>leaf except for Cd, but Cd found higher in leaf. The ranges of the content of heavy metals in plants were 18.5-102.2 mg l -1 for Pb, 3.5-19.5 mg l -1 for Zn and 0.2-4.1 mg l -1 for Cd. The concentrations of all heavy metals in Avicennia marina except Pb were falling within the normal range and were much more in the plants have the highest height. The present study has shown the potential of Avicennia marina as a phytoremediation species for selected heavy metals in many mangrove ecosystems.

Translocation of metals in pea plants grown on various amendment of electroplating industrial sludge

A pot-culture experiment was conducted to observe the effects of acidic sludge addition to the soils on bioavailability and uptake of heavy metals in different parts of pea plant as well as its influence on the growth of that plant. It is observed from our result the abundances of total and bio-available heavy metals in sludge vary as follows: Fe > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd and Fe > Ni > Mn > Cr > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd. Sludge applications increased both the total metals, DTPA-extractable metals and total N in the soils. On the other hand lime application has decreased the bioavailability of heavy metals with no change in total N in sludge amended soils. Organic carbon showed positive correlation with all metals except Zn, Cr and Pb. CEC also showed a strong positive correlation ( R 2 > 0.7) with the low translocation efficiency of pea plants. The value of translocation factor from shoot to seed was found to be smaller than root to shoot of pea plants. Our study thus shows that pea plants were found to be well adapted to the soil amended with 10% sludge with 0.5% lime treatment, minimizing most of the all metal uptake in the shoot of that plant. So, on the basis of the present study, possible treatment may be recommended for the secure disposal of acidic electroplating sludge.

ALGODOEIRO CULTIVADO EM SOLO TRATADO COM CALCÁRIO, LODO DE ESGOTO E CÁDMIO

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, biosolid, liming, trace elements, organic residue.ABSTRACTThe objective of the work was to evaluate the accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in different parts of the cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum cv. IAC 22) cultivated in soil that received lime and sewage sludge from municipal treatment plant plus cadmium. The experiment was carried out under green house conditions. The soil was a Clayey Red Latosol (Oxisol). The experimental design was the randomized blocks. The treatments were organized in a 3x2+1 factorial scheme (three lime rates, two sewage sludge rates and a Control treatment), all with three replications. The variance test was made by F test and means comparisons by Tukey test (p< 0.05). The different lime rates provided larger macronutrientes accumulations in the shoot and micronutrients in the roots. The sewage sludge addition provided the macronutrients accumulation, especially, in the roots and shoot of the plants, and of Mn and Zn in the root and shoot and just Mn in the fibers. The Fe accumulation in the roots decreased with the application of the sewage sludge. The liming and the sewage sludge provided accumulation of Pb in the roots, shoot and fibers. When it was just considered the liming, similar effect was found for the Cd and Ni in the fibers.Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum, biossolido, calagem, elementos traco, residuo orgânico

Monitoring of environmental heavy metals in fish from Nasser Lake

Lake ecosystems are, in particular, vulnerable to heavy metal pollution. Tilapia nilotica is one of the aquatic organisms affected by heavy metals. Therefore, heavy metals Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn were determined in different tissues of T. nilotica (ages 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 years), which include the muscle, gill, stomach, intestine, liver, vertebral column and scales, to assess the fish pollution with heavy metals. In addition, the study was extended to determine these elements in the aquatic plant ( Najas armeta), sediment and water of Khor El-Ramel in Nasser Lake (Egypt). The study showed that of all the fish parts, fish liver accumulated the highest levels of Cu and Zn. Manganese presented in the intestine and stomach in the highest concentration. Scales exhibited the highest levels of Co, Cr, Ni and Sr, while the gill and vertebral column contains the lowest level of the studied elements. Heavy metals in different parts of T. nilotica differ with the fish growth and extraction rate of these elements from sediment, aquatic plant and lake water. Heavy metals under study in the edible parts of the investigated fish were in the safety permissible levels for human uses.

Lead, cadmium, nickel, and zinc contamination of ground water around Hussain Sagar lake, Hyderabad, India

Metals and metallic compounds are important components of the human environment and many of these compounds are essential for human health. The mobilization of various toxic metals in our environment, however, can cause excessive exposures which may be hazardous to human health (Underwood, 1979). Metal pollution comes from both natural and anthropogenic sources (Moore and Ramamoorthy, 1984). Of the various sources of water pollution, one of the most important is however, industrial waste water directly entering aquatic systems. This has resulted in the transformation of lakes into sewage lagoons. Lake Hussain Sagar is a typical example of an industrially polluted lake, situated in the heart of Hyderabad city. The lake is heavily contaminated by various metats~ (Mazharuddin et at 1985). The lake has an area of 4.83 Km Z with mean depth of 2.5 m. Apart from minor inflows from the city, the source of water to the lake is the Kukatpatty channel, which passes through the industrial zone of the city (Fig. 1). More than 400 industrial units which manufacture chemicals, drugs, paints and machine toots are located on its banks (Simhachatam, 1975). The source of the heavy metal pollution is leakage from overloaded sewers draining the industrial belt which run in to this channel. Some of the industries dump their untreated and partially treated effluent directly into the lake. In the past 2 decades the quality of the water in the lake has deteriorated due to the impact of rapid urbanisation and industriatisatio n. A study of heavy metal contamination by Zafar et al. (1976) has revealed that heavy metals in different parts of the lake basin exceeded normal limits. In the recent past attempts were made to study water chemistry and heavy metal impact in the water and sediment of Hussain Sagar take (Khan 1983, Khan and Seenayya 1985, Prahtad and Seenayya 1987). However, the impact of metal contaminated lake on the quality of ground water by seepage has been overlooked. Because the ground water is used in addition to municipal surface water, to augment water supply during summer by more than half a million city's