Heavy Metal Concentrations In Water Research Articles

Heavy Metal Concentration in Water, Sediment, Shrimp ( Penaeus monodon) and Mullet ( Liza parsia) in Some Brackish Water Ponds of Sunderban, India

Concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb and Fe were determined in the brackish water ponds of Sunderban mangrove system of India at five different localities. Concentration of the metals in pond water ranged as follows: Cd 0.04–0.10; Zn < 0.01–9.66; Pb 0.03–0.16; Fe 14.3–170.0 μ g ml −1. The metals were found highly concentrated in the pond sediment. There was a significant variation of Zn and Fe concentrations in the sediment among the localities. Concentration of Zn in the surface layer of the sediment (upto 10.0 cm depth) ranged from 40.8 to 3448.3 μ g g −1 while that of Fe ranged from 7155.0 to 10068.8 μ g g −1. Background concentration of Fe in the sediment (30.0 cm deep stratum) was very high in all the localities. All the metals in the surface layer of sediment showed a characteristic pattern of partitioning among various chemical fractions of the sediment. Tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon) and Mullet ( Liza parsia) reared in the ponds accumulated all the metals at a high rate. Concentration of the metals in shrimp muscle ranged as follows: Cd 0.11–3.2; Zn 7.3–4809.5; Pb 22.9–42.1; Fe 5.0–495.0 μ g g −1. Except for Pb the metals in shrimp muscle varied significantly among the localities. Concentration of the metals in whole body of mullet ranged as follows: Cd 0.11–0.15; Zn 1.4–272.2; Pb 29.7–44.8; Fe 185.0–215.0 μ g g −1. Only Zn concentration of the mullet varied significantly among the localities. Neither total metal of the sediment nor metal belonging to any chemical fraction of the sediment did show a correlation with the metal in shrimp muscle or whole body of mullet. Salinity of water showed a positive and significant correlation with Cd and Zn concentrations of shrimp muscle while nitrite concentration of water showed a significant positive correlation with Zn concentration of shrimp muscle. The results indicate that mangrove environments of Sunderbans are being affected by huge loads of Zn and Fe brought about by drainage of the neighbouring river.

Heavy metals in rivers of Latvia

Total heavy metal concentrations in waters and sediments (HNO 3 digestible Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn) and their speciation forms in sediments (exchangeable, carbonate bound, iron–manganese oxide bound, organic matter bound and residual) in major and common small watercourses (31 sampling stations) along their flow in Latvia were determined. The metal loads entering the Baltic Sea from Latvia were calculated. Increased metal concentrations were found only in lower reaches of the largest rivers and locally around known industrial pollution sources. Differences in metal concentrations and loads in rivers from different regions of Latvia were related to natural geochemical processes. Metal speciation analysis showed that the dominant metal species are residual metals and those bound to organic matter. Residual and carbonate-bound metal dominated only in rhitral regions of rivers. The concentrations of exchangeable metals increased below pollution sources.

Heavy metal concentrations in water and bottom sediments of a Mexican reservoir

Metal concentrations have been measured in water and sediments of the Jose Antonio Alzate Reservoir, Mexico, using EDXRF and ICP techniques. Spatial and temporal distributions of total metal levels have been identified; no organised pattern was detected for any particular metal concentration. Temporal variations of metal concentrations show evidence of the water self-cleaning capacity of the reservoir, despite the high-level metal contamination determined.

DISTRlBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE DAMIETTA NILE ESTUARY ECOSYSTEM.

Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations have been determined in water. bottom sediment and fishes (Oreochromi. aureus and Liza ramada ) in Damietta Nile Estuary The results show that, heavy metals concentration in water was foundin the following descending order : Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd , with average concentrations between 0.03 and 0.35 for Cu 0 13 and 0.79 for Zn 0.001 and 0.005 for Cd , 0.02 and 0.51 mg/Ifor Pb. The maximum concentrations of Cu , Zn and Cd in water was found in Damietta city, while Pb concentration was the highest, in El-Borg city coast, where ship building is common. Moreover. Pb concenttdtion in most studied sites was found to exceed the international permissible limit.Heavy metals concentration in sediment was many times higher than those of overlying water, and followed the order : Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Zn and Cu concentrations in sediment of most studied sites that far exceeded the international standard concentrations. Heavy metals concentration in the muscles of O.aureus and L.ramada followed theorder: Zn> Cu> Pb> Cd. The muscles and liver of L.ramada accumulated higher levels of heavy metals than those of O. aureus. However, higher concentrations were reported in the liver, while the edible muscles still have lower levels of heavy metals than the international permissible levels.

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water, Sediments and Mollusc Tissues

The highest concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, Cd, and Cr) were found in water, sediment and molluscs of the Malkų Bay and the Smeltelė River. It was determined that after dredging the toxic sediment there was a noticeable decrease of heavy metals in sediment and molluscs from the Malkų Bay. However, low concentrations of heavy metals were found in the Vilhelmo Channel near Klaipėda waterworks. In the same channel near Dreverna the concentrations of heavy metals were much higher and that was associated with the presence of silt in the sediment. This study shows that bioaccumulation of heavy metals in mollusc tissues is dependent not only on their concentration in water but on many other factors as well.

Determination of Heavy-Metal Concentrations in Water by PIXE Analysis Using Zr as an Internal Standard

A metal-preconcentration procedure, which consists of a combination of chelation by dibenzyldithiocarbamate ions with subsequent condensation into dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol gels, has been reformed by using Zr as an internal standard. The colloidal gels formed in solutions were collected on a nuclepore filter for direct irradiation by 3 MeV proton beams in a system of vertical beam type in-air PIXE. The methodology was tested for simultaneous determination of the concentrations of seven metals ( Fe , Co , Ni , Cu , Cd , Hg , Pb ) in 25 ml of an aqueous sample. A good linear relationship was obtained between the nominal concentration and the elemental X-ray yields normalized with Zr - K α ones. Absolute values of concentration in the sample solutions can be determined with an experimental error less than ±14 % in the 5-100 ppb range by employing published data pertinent to the inner shell ionization and subsequent X-ray emission of the heavy metals.

A physical and chemical analysis of Egypt's Wadi El‐Raiyan man made lakes

Abstract Detailed physical and chemical analyses of selected sites in and around two Wadi El‐Raiyan lakes in the El‐Faiyum Province of Egypt were conducted over a two‐year period. The man‐made lakes were created in early 1973 as a reservoir for agricultural irrigation drainage water. The water created a surface area of about 200 square kilometers in a depressed area in the western desert of Egypt, and the evaporation coupled with very low precipitation has led to a rapid increase in salinity and trace metal content. The salinity was 0.5 g/L (ppt) at the water inputs the lakes coming from the tunnel of Wadi El‐Raiyan and then increased gradually to about 1.0 ppt in the first lake and to an average of 2.0 in the second lake. Salinity of the water springs were constant, however, salinity of the seepage area increased dramatically to 7 ppt. Water pH was very much the same throughout the lakes being neutral to slightly basic (7.8 ‐ 8.8). Heavy metals concentration in water was very low, much below the recommen...

Heavy Metal Contents in Invertebrates of the Danube River

The paper presents results of heavy metals content in hydrobionts and bioindication of heavy metals primary stage entrance in freshwater ecosystems, The nature investigations which were made on Danube reaches with different levels of anthropogenic influences showed the heavy metals content in invertebrates is determined by changability of heavy metals concentration in water and sediments and their species differences.

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Nauplii of Artemia salina

Abstract Artemia salina cysts (San Francisco Bay Brand) were exposed in seawater containing multiple concentrations of either a single heavy metal (Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn and Fe) or combination of heavy metals. The heavy metal accumulation in Artemia nauplii increased linearly with an increase in the heavy metal concentration in water. The metals could be detected in nauplii exposed to a single heavy metal at dosages of 5 μg/L for Hg, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu; 25 μg/L for Cd and Cr; 50 μg/L for Co; 100 mUg/L for Ni; and 250 μg/L for Pb. Cysts exposed to several heavy metal combinations had minimum effective dosages equal to or lower than the single heavy metals‐ 5 μg/L for Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn and Fe; 25 μg/L for Cd and Ni; 50 μg/L for Co; and 250 μg/L for Pb. The accumulation of Cu, Ni and Co by Artemiu nauplii did not differ for animals exposed to single or combined heavy metal solutions. Cr, Zn and Pb had a synergistic effect of heavy metal uptake in combined heavy metal element solutions, however, Fe, Cd and Mn had an antagonistic effect.

Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment and fish from Izmit Bay, Turkey.

Mercury, cadmium and lead levels in water, sediment and fish samples from Izmit Bay, Turkey have been determined. Sampling and analysis methods are described. Variations of heavy metal concentrations from different sampling stations are discussed. Results indicate that the levels of mercury and cadmium were highest in the vicinity of a chlor-alkali plant while the highest concentration of lead was near a metallic pipe factory. The amounts of heavy metals found in the shoreline sediment samples were similar to those found in fish species from the bay.

長崎県内河川の底生動物相

The benthic communities of the River Sasu and the River Se were investigated in July 1975. The prevalent faunae in summer were Ephemeroptera in the River Sasu and Chironomidae in the River Se. In winter, Chironomidae were dominant in the River Sasu and Ephemeroptera in the River Se. At St. 9 and 10 of the River Sasu in winter, the faunae were largely affected by the discharge from a Zinc Mine. In summer, both the numbers of individuals and species were greater than those in winter at these stations. But even in summer at the same stations, few species were recognized compared to the number found at others. At St. 10 and 11 of the River Sasu in summer, the heavy metals content in water increased progressively but faunae were complex too. This may have been caused by successive decrease of the heavy metals in the mud at such stations. The fauna was rich at all stations of the River Se. However, the community structure of the benthos seems to be unstable throughout the year because the dominant species changed between winter and summer at all the stations.

The accumulation of heavy metals in the submerged plant (Elodea nuttallii).

Several species of submerged plants grow in flowing water of polluted urban rivers in Japan. The measurement of heavy metals content in the submerged plants is suitable for a criterion to estimate the average heavy metals concentration in water. Changes of enrichment factor when heavy metals coexist with phosphoric acid ion are investigated. For this purpose, Elodea nuttallii, an aquathic plant prolific in polluted urban rivers in Japan and one which accumulates heavy metals easily was chosen.

Interpretation of average heavy metal pollution in flowing waters and sediment by means of hierarchical grouping analysis using two different error indices

Summary Hierarchical grouping analysis using two different error indices were calculated to get a general review of heavy metal pollution in catchments of the Northern Eifel mountains and the adjacent loess zone. These indices make it possible to gain information about the degree and composition of heavy metal pollution. It can be shown that only in catchments polluted by industrial waste water heavy metal concentration in sediment is due to loading of flowing water. Domestical sewage pollutes sediment to a small degree, because high salt concentrations and low redox potential inhibit immobilization. Heavy metals of lithologic origin influence flowing water only to a low extent.

Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediments, and fish from Mediterranean coastal area, Israel

Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediments, and fish from Mediterranean coastal area, Israel

長崎県内河川の底生動物相

The benthic communities of the River Sasu and the River Se were investigated in July 1975. The prevalent faunae in summer were Ephemeroptera in the River Sasu and Chironomidae in the River Se. In winter, Chironomidae were dominant in the River Sasu and Ephemeroptera in the River Se. At St. 9 and 10 of the River Sasu in winter, the faunae were largely affected by the discharge from a Zinc Mine. In summer, both the numbers of individuals and species were greater than those in winter at these stations. But even in summer at the same stations, few species were recognized compared to the number found at others. At St. 10 and 11 of the River Sasu in summer, the heavy metals content in water increased progressively but faunae were complex too. This may have been caused by successive decrease of the heavy metals in the mud at such stations. The fauna was rich at all stations of the River Se. However, the community structure of the benthos seems to be unstable throughout the year because the dominant species changed between winter and summer at all the stations.