Heavy Metal Concentrations In Water Research Articles

Influence of particle size and total organic carbon on heavy metal concentrations in sediments of Lake Baringo, Kenya

Heavy metals impair water and sediment quality and thus, can cause adverse impacts on aquatic organisms especially when they exceed the recommended threshold levels. Heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments are a reflection of the anthropogenic activities on the watershed as well as the geology of the area. Metal concentrations and subsequently their bioavailability are influenced by the sediment characteristics including particle size and total organic carbon among others. This study determined the concentration of heavy metals - cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in the sediments in relation to grain size and total organic carbon in Lake Baringo. Samples were collected from five sites using a grab sampler and analyzed for total heavy metals using AAS. Particle size classification was done using the sieve method, while organic carbon (OC) was estimated using the Loss on Ignition (L.O.I) method. One way ANOVA revealed significant difference in mean Cu concentrations amongst the sampling sites at P<0.05 (F (4, 14) =6.945 p=0.01). However, there was no significant differences in the levels of Cd and Hg, that is, F (4, 14) =0.03, p= 1.0 and F (4, 14) = 0.36 p=0.83 respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of Cd and Hg. Sites with higher percentages of silt and clay recorded a higher concentration of Cd and Cu as well as percentage of TOC. The results indicated the pollution of the lake by heavy metals presented an ecological and a human health concern requiring monitoring. Key words: Sediment quality, heavy metals, particle size, total organic carbon.

Plant trait-environment trends and their conservation implications for riparian wetlands in the Yellow River

Determining the relationship between plant functional traits and the environment are key for the protection and sustainable utilization of riparian wetlands. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, riparian wetlands are divided into seasonal floodplain wetlands (natural) and pond-like wetlands or paddy fields (artificial). Here, species composition differences were catalogued based on plant functional traits including origin, life history, and wetland affinity in natural and artificial wetlands. Wetland physicochemical characteristics and regional socio-economic parameters collected as indicators of environmental variables were used to analyze the plant functional trait-environment relationship. The results reveal that plant functional traits in the seasonal floodplain wetland are impacted by physicochemical characteristics of habitat. The abundance of annual plants tends to decrease with concentration of heavy metals, while species diversity is mainly determined by soil physical and chemical properties, especially soil pH and temperature. Specifically, wetland-obligate species (not in water) are more resistant to heavy metal content in water than species with other types of wetland affinity. Life history strategies of species in artificial sites tend to be significantly associated with animal husbandry and artificial populations, while the wetland affinity of species is mainly determined by regional agriculture, especially the installation of agricultural covered areas. Furthermore, water quality and nutrients in suspended sediments from the Yellow River affected species diversity and life history strategies by affecting water and soil conditions of surrounding wetlands, especially conductivity and phosphorus levels.

Changes of heavy metal concentrations in Shitalakhya river water of Bangladesh with seasons

Heavy metal concentrations in water and fish of the Shitalakhya river was measured to find out the suitability of its water for drinking and irrigation purposes. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd and Hg in water were 0.0065; 0.0240; 0.0069; 0.8170; 0.0044; and 0.0057 mg/L, respectively in pre-monsoon, 0.0029; 0.0151; 0.0019; 0.4270; 0.0015; and 0.0020 mg/L, respectively in monsoon, and 0.0040; 0.0212; 0.0039; 0.6520; 0.0029; and 0.0031 mg/L, respectively in post-monsoon season. The heavy metal concentrations were found higher in pre-monsoon followed by post-monsoon and monsoon. The results also depicted that over the three seasons heavy metal pollution index and heavy metal evaluation index for all metals were lower than the critical pollution index value and low heavy metal contamination, respectively, and the degree of contamination in pre-monsoon season stated medium level pollution, followed by post-monsoon and monsoon season. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Cr in fish were found less than the lower detection limit, while the Zn were found 25.42; 18.30; and 29.34 mg/kg during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon, respectively. The study concluded that the Shitalakhya river water was not safe for the aquatic environment, especially for aquatic biota.

Assessment of Copper and Iron Concentration in Water of Yamuna River, Delhi, India

The concentration of Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe) in water from River Yamuna, Delhi, India, were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Heavy metals are potentially toxic and are transferred to the surrounding environment through different pathways. Heavy metals are considered one of the most dangerous groups since they are non-degradable due to their persistent nature, toxicity, and tendency to accumulate in organisms and alters the food chain cycle and still more. Yamuna river water may become contaminated by the accumulation of trace metals and metalloids through emissions from the rapidly expanding industrial areas, disposal of high metal wastes, leaded gasoline and paints, land application of fertilizers, animal manures, sewage sludge, pesticides, wastewater irrigation, and Electronic waste. Trace element toxicity has proven to be a major threat, and there are several health risks associated with it. Even though they do not have any biological role, these metals' toxic effects remain present in some of the other forms harmful for the human body and its proper functioning. On comparison of these heavy metals concentration in water, it was found that Fe, Cu were higher than the permissible limits of WHO, which gives an indication of hazardous risk to human health.

An assessment of heavy metals concentration in water around quarries and barite mine sites in part of central Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria

The assessment of the level of heavy metal concentrations in water sources around quarries and barite mine sites in central Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria, was carried out to evaluate the degree of contamination due to mining and quarrying activity in the area. The investigation involved the collection of twelve water samples from ponds, streams, river and boreholes around the area. The water samples were passed through 0.45 µm filter paper and preserved with a drop of 0.1M HNO3 acid. The preserved samples were analyzed for their heavy metal (Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) content, using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results show that the average concentration of Ba, Cu, MN, Pb and Zn were above WHO guideline value for drinking water quality, hence not suitable for drinking. The average concentration of the metals is in the order Ba&gt;Mn&gt;Cu&gt;Fe&gt;Pb&gt;Zn&gt;Cr. Computed values of contamination index show that the samples from four locations were contaminated. Single factor pollution index computation indicates that the waters are not contaminated with Cr, but slightly polluted with Fe and Zn, moderately polluted with Ba and severely polluted with Cu, Mn and Pb. Further, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index indicates that samples from four locations were severely contaminated. The study revealed that the water sources around the barite mines had elevated level of heavy metal concentration compared to location around the quarries. It is recommended therefore, that the water be treated before use for drinking purpose.&#x0D; Keywords: heavy metals, contamination index, pollution index, barite mine, quarry

Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in a Typical Tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Water and sediment samples were collected from a tributary (Ruxi River) of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) to analyze the concentrations of seven heavy metals (HMs) and their fractions for better understanding the migration, bioavailability and potential environmental risk of HMs. The results indicated that the concentrations of HMs in water were lower than the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water Class I standards, except for Ni. Cd in sediment was found to be more sensitive to environmental changes, as the acid-soluble fraction of Cd accounted for about 40% of total Cd, and the sediment-water partition coefficient of Cd was the smallest among all the HMs. Meanwhile, multiple risk assessment methods of HMs indicated that sediment Cd in most sampling sites, significantly influenced by human activities, exhibited heavy pollution, suggesting that the Cd pollution should be attached great importance in the Ruxi River.

Impact of Land Cover Changes on the Soil and Water Quality of Greens Bayou Watershed

Rapid land use and land cover changes have a significant effect on ecology, environment, and human health in urban watersheds. With increase in frequency and intensity of the urban flooding events and repeated inundation of the neighborhoods, it is important to monitor the water and soil chemical characteristics in Greens Bayou Watershed (GBW) region. The objectives of this study were to (1) analyze the nutrient and heavy metal concentrations in water and soil samples along the Greens Bayou, (2) monitor the historical water quality data, and (3) identify and analyze land cover changes in the watershed using Landsat imagery. A total of 12 water and 12 soil samples, from four different sampling locations along the Greens Bayou, were collected during two seasons and processed for chemical analysis. Our water sample analysis revealed that the As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations were higher in the fall compared with the summer and exceeded the critical limit. The soil analysis indicated that the Zn and Pb concentrations were higher in the fall over summer season and exceeded the background concentrations. Remote sensing analysis revealed that the impervious surface in the GBW increased by about 62.2% while the vegetative surface decreased by 30.6% during the period of 1984 to 2018. Environmental chemical analysis coupled with geospatial data demonstrated the impact of land cover changes on water and soil quality along the Greens Bayou by identifying areas vulnerable to change, which can be better managed to preserve the health of this urban watershed ecosystem.

Using of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), Spirulina as a feed additives under intensive culture system for black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Study conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) bio-synthesis and Spirulina platensis on the growth performance and body composition of intensive cultured fingerling of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in addition to the effect of the diets on heavy metals concentrations in water of culture cages. Six diets were prepared to contain approximately 44% crude protein and 499 k cal./100 g diet and supplemented by S. platensis and chitosan as follow: T1: control, T2: 0.05% S. platensis, T3: 0.1% S. platensis, T4: 1 ml chitosan, T5: 1 ml chitosan and 0.05% S. platensis and T6: 1 ml chitosan and 0.1% S. platensis. Shrimp fingerlings (1.24 ± 0.01 g) were randomly distributed in 12 hapas at stocking density of 20 fingerlings for each. The hapas were divided into 6 replicate groups and placed in cages. Each group received a kind of the experimental diet twice daily at feeding rate of 5% shrimp biomass for 12 weeks. The results indicated that, the growth parameters; final body weight (FBW g), weight gain (WG g), specific growth rate (SGR%) and survival rate (SR%) were improved significantly all trials compared to the control group. The best values for these parameters were recorded in the group of T5 and T6 without significant differences between them. Shrimp body composition showed the highest protein and fat contents for the group of T5 and T6 with significant differences (P < 0.05) among all treatments. No significant differences were noted for the heavy metals concentrations between all treatments. In conclusion, the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and S. platensis attained considerable improvement in growth performance of black tiger shrimp and further investigations are recommended to optimize the level of incorporation in the diets for shrimp species.

Evaluation of seasonal variation of heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in Sabore field Adamawa State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Sabore field is characterised by a high level of artisan activities that contributes to water pollution by heavy metals; these heavy metals when present in drinking water can be deleterious to human health. Consequently, in 2018 we investigated the seasonal variations of the water samples from the Sabore vicinity to determine its suitability for drinking. Six metals (Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb) were studied, the health risk assessment was investigated using Hazard Index (HI), Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Cancer Risk (CR). The results showed that water from this locality have HI values > 1, Pb and Cd were top contributors to non-carcinogenic risk while Ni and Cd caused concern for carcinogenic health risk making it unsuitable for consumption. The seasonal spread of the metals shows that Mn varied from 148 to 976 µg/L; Cu from 923 to 1676 µg/L; Cd from 1.167 to 22.5 µg/L; Zn from 63 to 118 µg/L, Ni from 37 to 95 µg/L and Pb from 128 to 185 µg/L in the rainy season. For the dry season, Mn shows a spread of 1442–1802 µg/L; 344–776 µg/L for Cu; 57–82 µg/L for Cd; 48–187 µg/L for Zn; 147–242 µg/L for Ni and 79–256 µg/L for Pb. The increased concentration of some metals during the dry seasons could be attributed to the increased human activities around the field, increased evaporation rate, absence of rainfall and runoff water. The heavy metal content of water from some of the sites exceeded the stipulated permissible limits and poses serious health risk to its consumers.

Macrozoobenthos Diversity as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Pollution in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap District, Indonesia

Various methods are available for monitoring pollution levels in surface water and sediments, including using organisms as bioindicators. Segara Anakan Lagoon is an estuarine ecosystem that could be affected by contaminants transported by rivers. Pollution sources include pesticides and fertilizers from upstream agricultural areas, domestic waste, and shipping traffic. Macrozoobenthos are among the organisms commonly used as bioindicators of environmental pollution. Macrozoobenthos live at the bottom of the water column, and as deposit feeders, they lend themselves to use as bioindicators. The structure of the macrozoobenthos community in Segara Anakan has changed, as evidenced by the diversity and abundance of benthic species. Furthermore, environmental pollution parameters, such as heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments, are relatively high in the lagoon. Concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr varied among collection sites, with average concentrations of 0.04, 4.4, 1.2, and 1.4 ppm, respectively. In general, the abundance of macrozoobenthos was low at collection stations with high heavy metal concentrations, demonstrating that heavy metal pollution has occurred in Segara Anakan. Correlation tests between macrozoobenthos and heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments yielded r-values of > 0.8225 and 0.7473, respectively.

Evaluation of Metal Pollution in Sediments and Water of Sao Marco Harbor (Maranhão, Brazil)

The assessment of pollution in poor regions remains a challenge for developing countries. Difficult access to and low availability of logistical conditions result in a lack of information on environmental quality in these regions. To provide information on heavy metals concentrations in water and sediments, samples were collected in seven sampling stations in SA£o Marco Bay’s harbor area, seasonally, from August 2017 to September 2018. Water samples were evaluated for temperature, turbidity, salinity, Eh, oxygen content, pH, phosphorus, total organic carbons, and heavy metals. In sediment samples, heavy metals’ potentially mobilizable fractions were evaluated. In parallel, grain size, organic matter and redox potential were also analyzed. The average values of water and its physicochemical parameters revealed an unstratified environment with a great influence of ocean waters. High concentrations of metals were recorded in the water of sediment contamination. The present study suggested the high hydrodynamics and resulting coarser grain size accumulation as the cause for the relatively balanced environment conditions.

Tingkat Cemaran Logam Berat Pada Air Sungai Batanghari Provinsi Jambi berdasarkan Indeks C/P (Contamination/Pollution)

This research has been conducted in July to August 2020. The purpose of this study is to find out the heavy metal content of Hg, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Fe in the Batanghari River water of Jambi Province and determine the level of contamination by referring to PP No.82 Year 2001. The research site was conducted in Aur Duri 1 and Aur Duri 2 Jambi Provinces. Research on heavy metal content in water was conducted at 6 measurement points consisting of 3 measurement points in the Aur Duri region 1 upper and lower of the river and 3 measurement points in the Aur Duri region 2 the upper and lower of the river. Determination of river water sampling point is done using purposive sampling method. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Batanghari River water of Jambi Province has been very heavily polluted with Hg and Fe metals, if referring to PP No.82 Year 2001 Class I. The content of Mn metal in Batanghari River water mostly belongs to the category of fairly polluted metal Mn.While the metal content of Cd and Pb belongs to the category is not contaminated.

High Pollution with Heavy Metals NATURA 2000 Protected Area in Bacau County, Eastern Romania

Chemical pollution in rivers ecosystems is leading towards an increase in the concentrations of heavy metals in fish body, which might have a negative impact on humans. The fish were collected from a protected Natura 2000 area in the Moldavia region, eastern Romania named �Buhusi-Bacau-Beresti� Storage basin. The aim of this study was to measure the heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment and fish meat (muscles and gills), in order to assess the human health risk due to consumption. Industrial effluents discharged into the environment pose a serious threat for the agricultural products and living organisms. In view of this, level of some heavy metals, such as: Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu present in water, sediment and fish tissue samples of fish populations from the area studied were determined using wet digestion-based atomic adsorption method. This study revealed that the maximum Cd concentration (0.911 mg/Kg) was found in fish gills of specie European Perch � Perca fluviatilis and the minimum (0.0197 mg/Kg) was found in Zander - Sander lucioperca fish muscle sample. Zn levels in fish gills of the studied samples were ranged from 108.6698 mg/Kg to 195.4167 mg/Kg. Maximum Pb concentration in gills (1.924 mg/Kg) was found in fish sample of Zarte � Vimba Vimba, while the minimum concentration (0.45 mg/Kg) was found in European Perch � Perca fluviatilis. The heavy metal found in the samples analyzed in the largest quantity is Cu, in the gills of Northernpike - Esox Lucius fish.The concentration determined in samples exceeded the World Health Organisation maximum allowances. In order to assess the risk to which humans are exposed by eating infected meat with heavy metals, the target hazard quotient (THQ) values were estimated.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Water and Some Selected Fish Species in River Ofin, Ado-Ekiti

This study investigates the physico-chemical parameters of water and quantification of heavy metals (zinc, copper, lead, chromium and cadmium) in the gill, liver and flesh of Oreochromis niloticus, Hemichromis fasciatus, Sarotherodon galilaeus and Oreochromis aureus in River Ofin, fortnightly at two sampling points (Point 1- upper stream and Point 2- downstream) from October to December, 2019, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer by the calibration plot method. Three processes were involved; standard preparation, equipment calibration and sample analysis Mean values of the parameters were; Temperature; 27.18±0.15°C, pH; 7.06±0.10, Turbidity; 9.0±0.94 Ntu, Conductivity; 236.10±0.53 µs/cm, DO; 6.67±0.16 mg/l and BOD; 6.87±0.81 mg/l. Mean values of the concentration of the heavy metals in the water were; Zn; 0.31±0.01 mg/l, Cu; 0.26±0.01 mg/l, Pb; 0.13±0.01 mg/l, (Pb in water was higher than the highest value 0.12±0.003 (P≤0.05) recorded in fish) Cr; 0.12±0.01 mg/l and Cd; 0.002±0.001 mg/l while the concentration of heavy metals in fish varies from species to species as it displayed species differences. Heavy metal concentration in water is in this order: Zn&gt;Cu&gt;Pb&gt;Cr&gt;Cd. The presence of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd were confirmed in all the fish species expect Cd that was discovered only in the gill of S. galilaeus. Metals in fish gills is in the order of Zn&gt;Cu&gt;Pb&gt;Cr&gt;Cd for the four species, for liver and flesh/muscle in O. niloticus and H fasciatus it is Cu&gt;Zn&gt;Cr. Pb was detected only in the gill of O. niloticus, the liver and flesh lack Pb. Other fish species parts showed different Pb concentrations with the highest value (0.12±0.003) recorded in the gill of O. aureus. This study showed that Cd, Cr, Zn, and Cu were in the maximum acceptable limit range (Cr; 0.44, Zn; 5.04, Cu; 1.37 and Cd; 0.20) while Pb in water and fish was slightly above the maximum acceptable limit range (Pb; 0.04) by FAO/WHO. Lead poisoning is ranked among the most common environmental health hazard even at low levels. Periodic monitoring by relevant regulatory authorities is recommended to ensure safety of the water and fish consuming populace.

Genotoxic Effects of Environmental Pollutant Heavy Metals on Alburnus chalcoides (Pisces: Cyprinidae) Inhabiting Lower Melet River (Ordu, Turkey).

The lower Melet River is a drinking water source that is surrounded by hazelnut grove, agricultural lands, resulting in the accumulation of genotoxic agents such as mining activities, various domestic and agricultural wastes. Therefore, it receives many domestic and agricultural wastes that contain the genotoxic agent. This study was aimed to assess the heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and bioaccumulation in the tissues of Alburnus chalcoides. Comet assay and micronucleus test were used to evaluate the genotoxic effects on the blood cells of A. chalcoides. The concentrations of heavy metals and metalloid in the water, in the sediments and in the muscle of fish were in the order of Fe > Al > Mn > As > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd = Pb = Co, Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > Co > Ni > Cd and Fe > Zn > Al > Mn > Cu > Pb > As > Cr > Ni > Co > Cd, respectively. The blood cells of fish collected from the polluted location showed significantly higher DNA damage and micronucleus frequency compared to the reference location (p < 0.05). The study indicated that the DNA integrity of A. chalcoides was affected by heavy metals which originated from many anthropogenic sources.

Distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metal in water, sediment and fish tissue from the River Mahananda in Seemanchal zone, North Bihar, India

In the present study, distribution, and bioaccumulation of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were analysed in water, sediment and freshwater fish tissues of Catla catla and Mystus seenghala which were seasonally collected from River Mahananda in Seemanchal zone. The results showed that except Pb, level of Cu, Zn and Cd in water were below than allowance limit of WHO (2008), while level of Cu, Zn and Cd in sediment was higher than a toxicity reference value (TRV) recommended by USEPA (1999), except Pb. Heavy metal concentration in water and sediment were recorded in the order: Cu>Pb>Zn>Cd and Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd, respectively. The seasonal variation of this metal in water was in the sequence: rainy>winter>summer, and in sediment summer>winter>rainy. Bioaccumulation of studied metal by different tissues of M. seenghala was maximum than C. catla , and found that following order of magnitude: liver>gill>muscle. The order of studied metal concentration in liver Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd, in Gills Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd, in muscle Zn>Pb>Cu. Pb was only metal whose concentration was higher than FAO, FAO/WHO and WHO standards in all examined tissues of both species . Bioaccumulation of Pb in different tissues of both fishes was observed maximum in summer followed by winter and rainy (monsoon) seasons. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of all four metals in organs of M. seenghala was higher than C. Catla. Metal index value (MI) > 1 for Cd and Pb in water suggests that worse quality of water. The levels of heavy metals accumulated in two fishes might be due to the increase in agricultural influx water, domestic wastes, poultry farm, municipal and some other anthropogenic activities. This study shows that River water in the studied zone is a serious concern of human health and selected fishes do not feed directly without proper treatment of the riverine ecosystem, and potential danger may occur in the future.

Impact of a catastrophic flood on the heavy metal pollution status and the concurrent responses of the bentho-pelagic community in a tropical monsoonal estuary

Consequences of a catastrophic flood on the habitat quality and the concurrent responses of the bentho-pelagic community were studied in Cochin estuary, a eutrophic estuary along the southwest coast of India. The episodic flood in 2018 led to a marked decline in the dissolved nutrients and heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments of the estuary. The pre-flood phytoplankton abundance dominated by a bloom-forming species Cerataulina bicornis experienced a significant drop after the flood. Contrarily, zooplankton and macrobenthos responded favorably towards the flood-imposed habitat alterations. Higher susceptibility to heavy metal pollution and increased grazing pressure from gelatinous carnivores restricted the abundance of Copepoda, the dominant zooplankton taxon during pre-flood. The lower heavy metal concentration in the sediment after the flood favored higher macrobenthic abundance and diversity with a conspicuous change in the community structure from opportunistic polychaetes, indicators of pollution to molluscans and crustaceans, indicators of the healthy benthic zones.

Evaluation of Potential Health Risk, Heavy Metal Pollution Indices and Water Quality of Edku Lagoon- Egypt

Edku lagoon is one of the important aquaculture sectors in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Recently, the lagoon has become a sink of discharge wastewater from different anthropogenic sources. The present work aims to study physicochemical parameters, level of nutrients and heavy metal concentrations in water of the lagoon to assess the water quality and identify the potential pollution source(s). Water quality index (WQI), eutrophication index and multiple heavy metal pollution indices (HPI, HEI, PI and Cd) in addition to evaluation of human health risk (HQdermal) model were applied. The obtained data revealed that physicochemical parameter varied between 7.62 - 8.90 for pH, 1.2 – 12.2 g/l for salinity, 3.5 – 12.5 mg/l for dissolved oxygen, 1.3 – 1.9 mg/l for ammonia, 0.065 – 0.191 mg/l for nitrite, 0.217 – 0.915 mg/l nitrate, 0.198 – 0.527 mg/l for orthophosphate, and 51.32 – 102.7 μg/l for chlorophyll-a. The average concentrations of heavy metals were 0.439, 0.322, 0.290, 0.328, 0.059, 0.040, 0.00005 ppm for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg, respectively. Based on WQI, the lagoon was classified as bad water, while EI result varied between eutrophic to mesotrophic. The pollution indices revealed to lagoon water is highly contaminated based on HPI, HEI and Cd and varied between slightly affected to seriously affected by heavy metals according to PI. Human health risk showed that, HQdermal for all metals except Cd lower than the unity.

Endonezya Kayalı Körfezi’nde Bulunan Stichopus herrmanni’nin (Semper, 1868) (Holothuroidea; Stichopodidae) Dokuları İle Su Ve Zeminde Hg, Au, Fe Ağır Metalleri Birikimi

Heavy metals concentrated in waters can also accumulate in sediments and various biota. This research was conducted to examine the concentration of heavy metals in seawater, sediment, intestine and meat of golden sea cucumber Stichopus herrmanni in Kayeli bay, Buru Island, Indonesia. The concentrations of heavy metals Hg, Au, and Fe were analyzed using the AAS, and the tissue damage of S. herrmanni used the HE staining method. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to examine the correlation and the effect of the independent variables (heavy metals Hg, Au, and Fe) partially on the dependent variable (damage on intestinal villi of S. herrmanni) with a statistically significant at α= 0.05. The results showed that the highest to lowest heavy metal concentrations in water was Hg&amp;gt;Fe&amp;gt;Au, while the concentration of heavy metals in water, intestine and meat was of sea cucumber was Fe&amp;gt;Hg&amp;gt;Au. There was a correlation between heavy metals in sediments, intestines, and meat which caused damage to intestinal villi, while the multiple linear regression tests showed a probability of 0.012&amp;lt;0.05 for Fe, a probability of 0.000&amp;lt; for Hg, while probability &amp;gt;0.05 for Au on the damage of intestinal villi of S. herrmanni. This shows that Fe has a significant potential to cause damage to the intestinal villi of S. herrmanni. Fe is highly concentrated in sediments, intestines and meat showed a positive correlation to the damage of intestinal villi of S. herrmanni.

DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN WATER OF LLAPI RIVER (KOSOVO). A CASE STADY OF CORRELATIONS COEFFICIENTS

Atomic absorption spectroscopy has been used to analyses and assesses the heavy metal content in water of the Llapi river, Kosovo. In this study, the assessment of heavy metals in water was realized in the summer period. Statistical studies have been carried out by calculating basic statistical parameters, anomalies (extremes and outliers) and correlation coefficients between different pairs of variables. The concentration of Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Fe in all sample stations were found to be under WHO recommended norms. But the concentration of Cd and Pb in all sample stations and concentrations of Mn at several stations were found to be above WHO recommended norms originated from mineral sources (ores) in this area. The statistical regression analysis has been found a highly significant positive relationship of Cd with Ni, Mn, Fe and Pb originated mainly of sulphide ores in this area.