Heavy Meson Spectra Research Articles

Defect induced heavy meson dynamics in the QCD conformal window

Upon introducing a heavy quark in the perturbative regime of the QCD conformal window we precisely determine the associated heavy meson spectrum and wave functions in terms of the number of light flavors and mass. We then compute the conformal Isgur-Wise function which is a central quantity in heavy quark physics. We further determine the impact of the residual low energy confining dynamics on the heavy meson spectrum. As a working framework, we adapt the heavy quark effective theory to the perturbative conformal window dynamics. Our work lays the foundations to systematically go beyond the infinite mass defect approximation in conformal field theories. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Puzzle of the cornell potential on the heavy and heavy-light meson spectra

We computed the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions via the Cornell potential, approximately, using Numerov approach. The experimental data for the quantum states 3 S 1 were utilized to fit the mass spectra. Results were compared with observed data and the results obtained from other potential functions in the existing literature for the heavy ( cc¯, bb¯ and bc¯ ) as well as heavy-light (B, Bs, D and Ds) meson states. The yielded meson spectra based on this potential are matching well with the available experimental data.

Application of extended Cornell potential with spin-spin interaction to diatomic molecules and mass spectra of heavy mesons

Application of extended Cornell potential with spin-spin interaction to diatomic molecules and mass spectra of heavy mesons

The application of Cornell potential on determining Mass spectra of heavy quarkonium via the Nikiforov–Uvarov method

The mass spectrum of heavy mesons using the Cornell potential is used for studying the quark–antiquark interaction. By appropriately modifying the potential parameters, the established potential models such as Kratzer’s potential and the anharmonic one are applied in the Pekeris approximation. The Schrodinger equation for the Cornell potential setting is solved in this paper via the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. We acquire the confined-state energy spectrum to verify whether the outcome produced by this approach is accurate. The spectrum of energy formulation is used to determine the mass spectra of heavy quarkonium compounds, including charmonium and bottomonium. There is a comparison with various theoretical stances. The outcomes align well with both experimental data and other researchers’ findings.

THE EFFECT OF TOPOLOGICAL DEFECT ON THE MASS SPECTRA OF HEAVY AND HEAVY-LIGHT QUARKONIA

In this present study, the effect of Topological Defect on the mass spectra of heavy and heavy-light mesons such as charmonium, bottomonium, and charm-strange ,bottom-charm respectively are studied with the Hulthen plus Yukawa potential. The Schrödinger equation is solved analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The approximate solutions of the energy spectrum and un-normalized wave function were obtained. We applied the present results to predict the mass spectra of heavy and heavy-light mesons in the presence and absence of a topological defect for different quantum states. We noticed that when the topological defect increases the mass spectra are shifted and move closer to the experimental data. However, when compared to the work of other researchers, the results established an improvement.

Utilization of the random forest method for studying some heavy mesons spectra via machine learning technique

The random forest method is used for the first time to provide results for some heavy meson spectra, such as [Formula: see text] mesons. The performance of our model in predicting the mass spectra of [Formula: see text] mesons from 1S to 6S states is investigated. The predictions are in a good accordance with the latest experimental data and other theoretical approaches.

Solutions of the N-dimensional Klein-Gordon Equation with Ultra Generalized Exponential–Hyperbolic Potential to Predict the Mass Spectra of Heavy Mesons

Abstract: We solved the N-dimensional Klein-Gordon equation analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method to obtain the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave function in terms of Laguerre polynomials with the ultra generalized exponential–hyperbolic potential. The present results are applied for calculating the mass spectra of heavy mesons, such as charmonium (cc ̅) and bottomonium (bb ̅), for different quantum states. The present work provides excellent results in comparison with experimental data with a maximum error of 0.0059GeV and the works of other researchers. Keywords: Ultra generalized exponential–hyperbolic potential, Klein-Gordon equation, Heavy mesons, Nikiforov-Uvarov method.

The Impact of deformed space-phase parameters into HAs and HLM systems with the improved Hulthen plus Hellmann potentials model in the presence of temperature-dependent confined Coulomb potential within the framework of DSE

In this work, the improved Hulthen plus Hellmann potentials model in the presence of temperature-dependent confined Coulomb potential ´ IHHPTd model is adopted as the quark-antiquark interaction potential for studying the mass spectra of heavy mesons in the three-dimensional nonrelativistic quantum mechanics noncommutative phase space (3DNRQm-NCSP) symmetries. In addition, we found another application for this potential through its description for hydrogen atoms He+, Li+2 and Be+. We solved the deformed Schrödinger equation analytically using the generalized Bopp’s shift method and standard perturbation theory. The new energy eigenvalues E (u,d)hy nc−n and (E hlm n−g, E hlm n−mand E hlm n−l ) for hydrogen atoms and heavy mesons such as charmonium cc and bottomonium cb and corresponding deformed Hamiltonian operators H nc hhp(r, Θ, θ, λ, λ, σ, σ, ²) and H nc hhp(r, Θ, θ, λ, λ, σ, σ, gs) were obtained, respectively. The present results are applied for calculating the new mass of heavy mesons. Four special cases were considered when some of the improved potential parameters were set to zero, resulting into improved Hellmann potential, improved Yukawa potential, improved Coulomb potential, and improved Hulthen potential, in ´ (3DNRQm-NCSP) symmetries. The limiting cases are analyzed for Θ, σ and χ −→ 0 are compared with those of literature.

Quarkonium spectroscopy of the linear plus modified Yukawa potential

In this article, the linear plus modified Yukawa potential (LIMYP) is used as the quark-antiquark interaction potential for the approximate analytical bound state solution of the Klein-Gordon equation in three-dimensional space. The energy eigenvalues and associated wavefunction are obtained by solving the Klein-Gordon equation analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. The mass spectra of heavy mesons such as charmonium , bottomonium , and for various quantum states are obtained using the energy spectra expression. In comparison to experimental data, graphical modification of acquired mass spectra of heavy mesons with the parameter employed in the energy equation and the current potential provides good results.

The Effect of Strong Magnetic Field on Heavy Quarkonia in a Hot Medium Using Nikiforov-Uvarov Method

The influence of temperature and a constant strong magnetic field on the quarkonium heavy meson spectrum is explored as a result of recent research suggesting that a strong magnetic field can be formed at primary stage in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions (URHIC). Debye screen potential is used in non-relativistic models, and the states are termed as charmonium & bottominum. In order to better understand the current findings, a comparison has been made in recent studies. Therefore, the number of flavor and magnetic field play an essential role in hot medium.

Bound state solutions of the Dirac equation for the generalized Cornell potential model

In this study, the bound state solutions of the Dirac equation (DE) have been determined with the generalized Cornell potential model (GCPM) under the condition of spin symmetry. The GCPM includes the Cornell potential plus a combination of the harmonic and inversely quadratic potentials. In the framework of the Nikiforov–Uvarov (NU) method, the relativistic and nonrelativistic energy eigenvalues for the GCPM have been obtained. The energies spectra of the Kratzer potential (KP) and the modified Kratzer potential (MKP) have been derived as particular cases of the GCPM. The present results have been applied to some diatomic molecules (DMs) as well as heavy and heavy-light mesons. The energy eigenvalues of the KP and MKP have been computed for several DMs, and they are fully consistent with the results found in the literature. In addition, the energy eigenvalues of the GCPM have been employed for predicting the spin-averaged mass spectra of heavy and heavy-light mesons. One can note that our predictions are in close agreement with the experimental data as well as enhanced compared to the recent studies.

Applicability of Varshni potential to predict the mass spectra of heavy mesons and its thermodynamic properties

In this present study, the radial Schrödinger equation is solved analytically with Varshni potential model using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy equation and corresponding wave function were obtained. The analytical energy expression was used to predict the mass spectra of heavy quarkonia such as charmonium and bottomonium . Also, the thermodynamic properties such as free energy, mean energy, entropy, and specific heat were obtained. The results obtained with the present model agree excellently with experimental data and the work of other researchers with a maximum error of

Masses and thermodynamic properties of a quarkonium system

Hulthen plus Hellmann potentials are adopted as the quark–antiquark interaction potential for studying the thermodynamic properties and the mass spectra of heavy mesons. The potential was rendered temperature dependent by replacing the screening parameter with Debye mass. We solved the radial Schrödinger equation analytically using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave function in terms of Laguerre polynomials were obtained. The present results are applied for calculating the mass of heavy mesons, such as charmonium [Formula: see text] and bottomonium [Formula: see text], and thermodynamic properties, such as the mean energy, the specific heat, the free energy, and the entropy. Four special cases were considered when these potential parameters were set to zero, resulting in Hellmann potential, Yukawa potential, Coulomb potential, and Hulthen potential, respectively. The present potential provides satisfying results in comparison with experimental data and the work of other researchers.

Approximate solutions of the Schrödinger equation with Hulthén-Hellmann Potentials for a Quarkonium system

Hulthén plus Hellmann potentials are adopted as the quark-antiquark interaction potential for studying the mass spectra of heavy mesons. We solved the radial Schrödinger equation analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave function in terms of Laguerre polynomials were obtained. The present results are applied for calculating the mass of heavy mesons such as charmonium and bottomonium. Four special cases were considered when some of the potential parameters were set to zero, resulting into Hellmann potential, Yukawa potential, Coulomb potential, and Hulthén potential, respectively. The present potential provides satisfying results in comparison with experimental data and the work of other researchers.

Coupling Hadron-Hadron Thresholds within a Chiral Quark Model Approach

Heavy hadron spectroscopy was well understood within the naive quark model until the end of the past century. However, in 2003, the X(3872) was discovered, with puzzling properties difficult to understand in the simple naive quark model picture. This state made clear that excited states of heavy mesons should be coupled to two-meson states in order to understand not only the masses but, in some cases, unexpected decay properties. In this work, we will give an overview of a way in which the naive quark model can be complemented with the coupling to two hadron thresholds. This program has been already applied to the heavy meson spectrum with the chiral quark model, and we show some examples where thresholds are of special relevance.

A new variational approach and its application toheavy quarkonia

By combining the variational principle with Heisenberg uncertaintyprinciple in an effective Hamiltonian for heavy flavored mesons, we in-troduce a framework to estimate masses and radii of these states froman analytical constraint. In a novel manner, a model for quark velocityand a model for quark momentum width are introduced. These kinemat-ical model parameters are obtained as analytical functions of inter quarkseparation in heavy quarkonia. The values of such quark parameters arethen used in the calculation of S-wave annihilation decay rates of \bar{c}c and\bar{b} b. To test the accuracy of our technique we first calculate the spin averaged masses, scalar radii and annihilation decay rates of charmoniumand bottomonium without and with relativistic corrections by solving theSchrödinger wave equation with the appropriate parametrization of the Song-Lin potential. The Schrödinger wave equation is solved numericallywith the matrix Numerov method and we observe a good agreement withthe experimental measurements and other theoretical calculations and extract strong running coupling constant for \bar{c}c and \bar{b}b systems. In non rel-ativistic settings, heavy meson spectra have been obtained and extended to rather higher excited states within our framework by using bare masses of c and b quarks which we have extracted from analysis of experimentaldata

Analytical Solutions of the Schrödinger Equation with Class of Yukawa Potential for a Quarkonium System Via Series Expansion Method

A class of Yukawa potential is adopted as the quark-antiquark interaction potential for studying the mass spectra of heavy mesons. The potential was made to be temperature-dependent by replacing the screening parameter with Debye mass. We solved the radial Schrödinger equation analytically using the series expansion method and obtained the energy eigenvalues. The present results are applied for calculating the mass spectra of heavy mesons such as charmonium and bottomonium . Two special cases were considered when some of the potential parameters were set to zero, resulting into Hellmann potential, and Coulomb potential, respectively. The present potential provides satisfying results in comparison with experimental data and the work of other researchers.

Scalar spectrum in a graviton soft wall model

In this study we present a unified phenomenological analysis of the scalar glueball and scalar meson spectra within an AdS/QCD framework in the bottom up approach. For this purpose we generalize the recently developed graviton soft-wall (GSW) model, which has shown an excellent agreement with the lattice QCD glueball spectrum, to a description of glueballs and mesons with a unique energy scale. In this scheme, dilatonic effects, are incorporated in the metric as a deformation of the AdS space. We apply the model also to the heavy meson spectra with success. We obtain quadratic mass equations for all scalar mesons while the glueballs satisfy an almost linear mass equation. Besides their spectra, we also discuss the mixing of scalar glueball and light scalar meson states within a unified framework: the GSW model. To this aim, the light-front (LF) holographic approach, which connects the mode functions of AdS/QCD to the LF wave functions, is applied. This relation provides the probabilistic interpretation required to properly investigate the mixing conditions.

Probing AdS/QCD backgrounds with semi-classical strings

New AdS/QCD backgrounds have been proposed to describe the spectrum of heavy vector mesons via the implementation of additional energy scales on the bulk geometry of the soft-wall model. The extra energy scales are needed to include the decay constants of hadronic states when describing the radial excitations of the heavy meson. Here we analyze one model that introduces an ultraviolet cutoff on Anti-de Sitter space and a model that considers a dilaton profile modified by the addition of an extra term and no cutoff. For each one of these two models we consider the presence of a semi-classical string in the bulk that is dual to a static and infinitely heavy meson. We compute the expected value of the Wilson loop operator using the holographic dictionary and obtain the dual potential for the static pair. For the model with modified dilaton profile the on-shell string action presents a peculiar ultraviolet divergence, a compatible regularization is discussed and a new subtraction scheme is used. We consider the case of finite temperature and determine how the dissociation temperature of the heavy meson is affected by the additional energy scales.

Transverse momentum spectra of heavy baryons and mesons in forward rapidity range in small collision system at the LHC

The transverse momentum spectra of $$\varLambda ^+_c$$ baryons and $$D^0$$ mesons produced in proton–lead (p–Pb) collisions at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5\,{\text {TeV}}$$ (more exactly 5.02 TeV), $$D^0+{\bar{D}}^0$$ , $$D^++D^-$$ , $$D^+_s+D^-_s$$ , and $$D^{*+}+D^{*-}$$ (exactly $$D^*(2010)^++D^*(2010)^-$$ ) mesons produced in proton–proton (pp) collisions at the center-of-mass energy $$\sqrt{s}=5$$ and 13 TeV, $$\varLambda ^0_b$$ baryons and $${\bar{B}}^0$$ mesons produced in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=7$$ and 8 TeV, as well as $$B^++B^-$$ mesons produced in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=7$$ and 13 TeV measured by the LHCb collaboration in forward (backward) rapidity range are described by two models. The first model is based on the superposition of two Schwinger mechanisms, and the second one is based on the superposition of Tsallis statistics and inverse power law. The experimental data are fitted by the two two-component models. Then, the free parameters which depend on rapidity are extracted and analyzed.