Heavy Load Research Articles

Dr. Meena and mission maternal health: building allies in the government hospital

Research methodology The case study is based on field data, including in-depth semi-structured interviews with the main protagonist and related stakeholders of a large government hospital in Western India. After informed consent, the interviews with the stakeholders were conducted, transcribed and analyzed verbatim. In addition, secondary data from policy reports, newspaper articles and government websites was used to create the case. Since the protagonist works in the government system, her identity and other identifying information are disguised to maintain confidentiality. Case overview/synopsis The case study investigates the leadership challenges in a healthcare facility/hospital in public health. It traces the evolution of Dr Meena Sharma (Dr Meena), a leader in the government hospital ecosystem facing challenges such as infrastructural deficiencies, manpower deficit, healthcare bureaucracy and heavy patient load. This first-generation medical practitioner who transitioned from a private practice to a governmental one juggles balancing her demanding clinical practice, administrative responsibilities and teaching in the government hospital with her family responsibilities setup. However, in the wake of the upcoming LaQshya – Labour Room Quality Improvement Initiative by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, she strives to put together and motivate her team to work toward improving the quality of care during delivery and the immediate postpartum period at her hospital. Various issues arise in the organizational leadership for a woman leader such as adopting appropriate leadership style and using appropriate motivation and communication strategies for optimal performance. Complexity academic level The case study is aimed at teaching/training a) departmental heads of public and private hospitals, b) health program managers at higher and middle-level leadership roles, c) health policymakers at various levels in the government and other organizations and d) graduate and postgraduate students of public health, hospital management/administration. In addition to this, it can also be used for general management programs to teach organizational behavior, communication and leadership courses.

Prescribed finite-time tracking control with input buffer for a manipulator system

The prescribed finite-time trajectory tracking control problem with input buffer is investigated for a linkage manipulator system. The backstepping method is used to design the prescribed finite-time trajectory tracking controller. A new prescribed finite-time performance function is proposed, which can more easily regulate control performance. With the help of this performance function, a constraint control law is designed for the tracking error, and a better transient performance than the existing prescribed finite-time performance function can be obtained under the same parameter conditions for the trajectory tracking process of the manipulator system. At the same time, a control input buffer function is designed, which solves both the overvoltage problem of control input caused by the overlarge position error of the manipulator and the problem that the manipulator system is difficult to start under heavy load. The simulation experiments verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller.

Hierarchical porous MnO2/3D graphene oxide/carbon cloth used as practical mass-loading supercapacitor electrodes

Supercapacitor electrodes with high mass loading of active materials often exhibit low areal capacitances due to stacking problem of heavy loading. In this study, we present a 3D hierarchical porous graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets grown on carbon cloth (CC), termed as 3DGO/CC. With its high specific surface area, ample space to accommodate the volume expansion, and ideal ion transfer pathways, 3DGO/CC emerges as a promising candidate for high-loading active materials. Utilized as an efficient support matrix for MnO2 loading, an ultrahigh mass loading of MnO2 (17.32 mg cm−2) is deposited onto the surface of 3DGO, forming a MnO2/3DGO/CC electrode without stacking. The conductive porous 3DGO/CC composite scaffold optimizes the utilization of MnO2 active material, resulting in a high areal capacitance. An optimal electrode achieves an impressive areal capacitance of 3.18 F cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 which was 4.1 times higher than that of the pristine MnO2/CC electrode and maintains a retention of 74.5 % at 32-fold current density. Ultimately, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates a superior electrochemical performance with a maximum energy density of 495.36 μWh cm−2 at the power density of 1.02 mW cm−2. This study supplies an efficient method for preparing MnO2-based electrodes with excellent areal capacitance.

Strategies to improve ammonia combustion in a dual fuel marine engine by using CFD

Maritime transportation is currently responsible for delivering most of the world trade, and it still plays a major role in the global economy and pollutant emissions. Due to their heavy loads and long distances, full electrification is generally assumed as an unsuitable pathway, leaving combustion engines as the dominant technology in the marine sector. For a long time, these engines have benefited from the low costs of heavy oils produced from oil refining, but these fuels present a difficult combustion and are associated with significant pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases. Today, carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia are gradually getting a foothold in the shipping market.In the present paper, an investigation on several strategies to improve the oxidation of ammonia is carried out for a dual fuel (DF) medium speed marine engine. A CFD analysis using ANSYS FORTE® code is performed on an improved and more realistic bowl geometry by varying the premixed fuel according to methods validated in previous studies and introducing adequate kinetic mechanisms from the literature. Results show that the sole use of ammonia to replace natural gas, as premixed fuel, leads to incomplete combustion; the increase of diesel fuel can only mitigate this condition, but it cannot be considered as viable solution. Therefore, several blends of ammonia/hydrogen are tested to examine combustion development and pollutant emissions. The addition of hydrogen above 10% to the premixed charge composition demonstrates to promote the oxidation of ammonia and to effectively reduce CO2 emissions of 84% without a dramatic increase in nitrogen oxides. On the contrary, hydrogen percentages lower than 10% feature a worsening of the combustion of the premixed charge. Finally, the use of a fuel containing nitrogen promote a slight formation of NOx emissions.

Effect of Rare Earth Y on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Friction of Sn-Babbitt Alloy

Babbitt alloy is a bearing material with excellent properties, including good anti-friction wear resistance, embeddedness, corrosion, and compliance, as well as sufficient bearing capacity. However, with the development of engines to have high speed and heavy load, the use of Babbitt alloy as a bearing material exposes its weaknesses of low bearing capacity, insufficient fatigue strength and a sharp decline in mechanical properties with an increase in working temperature. Therefore, its application scope is gradually narrowed and subject to certain limitations. Improving the tensile strength and wear resistance of tin-based Babbitt alloy is of great significance to expanding its application. In this study, tin-based Babbitt alloy was taken as the main research object; the particle size, microstructure, mechanical properties, and friction were systematically studied after the single addition of Y-Cu composite in tin-based Babbitt alloy liquid. The wear performance and the strengthening, toughening and wear mechanisms of tin-based Babbitt alloy were investigated under the action of Y in order to prepare a high-performance tin-based Babbitt alloy for bimetallic bearing. It was found that when rare-earth Y was added to the Babbitt alloy body, the wear properties were greatly improved.

Playing it SMART: increasing transfer student and URM undergraduate student success through undergraduate research combined with group support

Increasing retention rates in STEM disciplines has been a primary goal among universities in recent years. Special attention has been given to increase STEM retention among underrepresented populations in those fields. However, one group of students that remains understudied but faces specific challenges is the transfer (TR) student population. TR students, and especially those who transfer from community colleges (CC-TR) in the US, often face academic and mental hurdles, loss of a sense of academic belonging, and adjustment challenges, sometime described as the “transfer shock.” Undergraduate research, an experience that has been shown to promote student success, is often not pursued by STEM TR students due to a heavy load in their new 4-year university. We hypothesized that combining summer undergraduate research in STEM labs with intense group activities that focused on group support, development of research-related skills, and promotion of a sense of belonging, would increase rates of research participation after the summer among transfer students. Moreover, we hypothesized that such an intervention would promote student retention and academic success. Our research demonstrates that this intervention, through a summer program in an R1 university, served as a validating experience that increased participation in STEM research after the program, provided the students with academic skills, and improved graduation and STEM retention of TR and URM students. We believe that this intervention may serve as a model to promote student success among transfer and URM students.

Performance Evaluation of Pebble Concrete for Pavement: A Study on the Sucre Highway Project

Bolivia has abundant pebbles, while the supply of crushed stone is limited and unstable. Thus, the resource utilization of local pebble as a coarse aggregate and the guarantee of concrete durability are the key scientific issues in the Sucre Highway Project. In this paper, a comparative analysis was conducted of the performance of crushed stone concrete and pebble concrete. Additionally, the impact of fly ash on the water permeability resistance of concrete was investigated. The results indicate that the apparent density, bulk density, and void ratio of pebbles are lower than those of crushed stone, and the aggregate gradation of pebbles is dispersed. The type of aggregate is the primary factor influencing the splitting tensile strength of concrete, with the main failure modes of pebble concrete being slurry cracking, aggregate crushing, and interface debonding. While aggregate and fly ash have a minor effect on compressive strength, they significantly impact flexural tensile strength; however, all concretes meet the requirements for extra-heavy, very heavy, and heavy traffic load levels. In terms of impermeability, fly ash effectively mitigates the negative impact of aggregate type on the impermeability of concrete. These findings support the application of pebble concrete in the highway project.

Classification of Co-Manipulation Modus with Human-Human Teams for Future Application to Human-Robot Systems

Despite the existence of robots that can physically lift heavy loads, robots that can collaborate with people to move heavy objects are not readily available. This article makes progress toward effective human-robot co-manipulation by studying 30 human-human dyads that collaboratively manipulated an object weighing \(27 \mathrm{kg}\) without being co-located (i.e., participants were at either end of the extended object). Participants maneuvered around different obstacles with the object while exhibiting one of four modi–the manner or objective with which a team moves an object together–at any given time. Using force and motion signals to classify modus or behavior was the primary objective of this work. Our results showed that two of the originally proposed modi were very similar, such that one could effectively be removed while still spanning the space of common behaviors during our co-manipulation tasks. The three modi used in classification were quickly , smoothly and avoiding obstacles . Using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), we classified three modi with up to 89% accuracy from a validation set. The capability to detect or classify modus during co-manipulation has the potential to greatly improve human-robot performance by helping to define appropriate robot behavior or controller parameters depending on the objective or modus of the team.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR EMPLOYEE BALANCE AT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

Background: Balance disorders in indoor and outdoor employees have an impact on decreased work performance, fatigue in the body, and can cause work-related illnesses. Making work not optimal and having an impact on daily life becomes disrupted. Working environmental conditions such as wet floors, uneven ground, non-sloping ground contours, insufficient lighting, excessive light glare, weather, and work that is carried out at a fast pace with heavy loads can affect balance disorders which can cause employee falls. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the difference in balance between indoor and outdoor employees at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Methods: This study used a quantitative research design with this type of observational research using the one leg balance test and the time up and go test. Results: This study obtained results with the normality test obtaining a p value (> 0.005) and the Spearman test static test obtaining a value of 0.800 p (> 0.05) and the Spearman test dynamic test obtaining a value of 0.777 p (> 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, there is no difference in balance between indoor and outdoor employees at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Study on the composition and properties of EME-SBS-Nano ZnO high modulus asphalt material

The objective of this research is to address the rut problems in asphalt pavements and to resist the permanent plastic deformation with the increasing heavy traffic loads. In this paper, a new type materials of high modulus asphalt was developed by incorporating styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) with an (EME)-type high modulus modifier, guided by the synergistic effects and the preparation methods of High-speed shear. The basic road performance, mechanical response and thermal stability of the new high modulus asphalt materials were analysed through basic physical indicator tests, dynamic shear rheometer tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the time–temperature superposition principle, the Refutas model, and the Christensen-Andersen-Marasteanu model. The optimal results demonstrate that the optimal blend ratio of the developed asphalt is 12% EME/8% SBS/1.5% ZnO. Under this composition, the road performance indicator values of softening point, penetration and ductility of the modified asphalt met the standard requirements. The dynamic shear rheometer tests demonstrates that the inclusion of SBS and nano ZnO considerably enhanced the shear resistance and recovery deformation capacity of EME, effectively improving the high-temperature deformation resistance of asphalt. Furthermore,the Refutas and the Christensen-Andersen-Marasteanu model fitting results showed that adding SBS and nano ZnO considerably improved the temperature sensitivity of the EME types high modulus modified asphalt and exhibiting low frequency sensitivity. Compared to PR Module-type high modulus modifier(PRM),TGA reveals that the maximum thermal weight loss of EME-SBS-ZnO decreased by 3.5441%, indicating better thermal stability and the major character of SBS,EME and asphalt is physical reaction. Moreover, EME-nano ZnO-SBS high modulus asphalt at 64 °C shows Jnr-diff = 9.5% and passes the "E" extreme traffic grade. Additionally, its cost is 4.67% lower than that of the PRM high modulus modified asphalt, presenting considerable economic benefits.

Impact of Generalized Versus Individualized Load-Velocity Equations on Velocity-Loss Magnitude in Bench-Press Exercise: Mixed-Model and Equivalence Analysis.

This study analyzed the influence of 2 velocity-based training-load prescription strategies (general vs individual load-velocity equations) on the relationship between the magnitude of velocity loss (VL) and the percentage of repetitions completed in the bench-press exercise. Thirty-five subjects completed 6 sessions consisting of performing the maximum number of repetitions to failure against their 40%, 60%, and 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in the Smith machine bench-press exercise using generalized and individualized equations to adjust the training load. A close relationship and acceptable error were observed between percentage of repetitions completed and the percentage of VL reached for the 3 loading magnitudes and the 2 load-prescription strategies studied (R2 from .83 to .94; standard error of the estimate from 7% to 10%). A simple main effect was observed for load and VL thresholds but not for load-prescription strategies. No significant interaction effects were revealed. The 40% and 60% 1RM showed equivalence on data sets and the most regular variation, whereas the 80% 1-repetition maximum load showed no equivalence and more irregular variation. These results suggest that VL is a useful variable to predict percentage of repetitions completed in the bench-press exercise, regardless of the strategy selected to adjust the relative load. However, caution should be taken when using heavy loads.

Rutting and fatigue behavior of neat and nanomodified asphalt mixture with SiO2 and TiO2

Modern asphalt technology has adopted nanomaterials as an alternative option to assert that asphalt pavement can survive harsh climates and repeated heavy axle loading during service life and prolong pavement life. This work aims to elucidate the behavior of the modified asphalt mixture fracture model and assess the fatigue and Rutting performance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixes using the outcomes of indirect Tensile Strength (IDT), Semicircular bend (SCB) and rutting resistance; for this, a single PG (64−16) nanomodified asphalt binder with 5 % SiO2 and TiO2 have been investigated through a series of laboratory tests, including: Resilient modulus, Creep compliance, and tensile strength, SCB, and Flow Number (FN) to study their potential role of these nanomaterials to improve the rutting characteristics and fatigue life of wearing asphalt mixture at different temperatures. The outcome of this study revealed the positive role of these materials in enhancing mixture IDT characteristics, fracture energy, and viscoelastic deformation component of crack propagation; on the other hand, at higher temperatures, the modified mixture exhibited a superior performance in reducing the permanent deformation of asphalt mixture with SiO2 followed by TiO2 as compared to neat asphalt mixture.

A Dominance Hypothesis Argument for Historical Genetic Gains and the Fixation of Heterosis in Octoploid Strawberry.

Heterosis was the catalyst for the domestication of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), an interspecific hybrid species that originated in the 1700s. The hybrid origin was discovered because the phenotypes of spontaneous hybrids transgressed those of their parent species. The transgressions included fruit yield increases and other genetic gains in the twentieth century that sparked the global expansion of strawberry production. The importance of heterosis to the agricultural success of the hybrid species, however, has remained a mystery. Here we show that heterosis has disappeared (become fixed) among improved hybrids within a population (the California population) that has been under long-term selection for increased fruit yield, weight, and firmness. We found that the highest yielding hybrids are among the most highly inbred (59-79%), which seems counterintuitive for a highly heterozygous, outbreeder carrying heavy genetic loads. Although faint remnants of heterosis were discovered, the between-parent allele frequency differences and dispersed favorable dominant alleles necessary for heterosis have decreased nearly genome-wide within the California population. Conversely, heterosis was prevalent and significant among wide hybrids, especially for fruit count, a significant driver of genetic gains for fruit yield. We attributed the disappearance (fixation) of heterosis within the California population to increased homozygosity of favorable dominant alleles and inbreeding associated with selection, random genetic drift, and selective sweeps. Despite historical inbreeding, the highest yielding hybrids reported to-date are estimated to be heterozygous for 20,370-44,280 of 97,000-108,000 genes in the octoploid genome, the equivalent of an entire diploid genome or more.

Optimal Design of Multilevel Composite Lubrication Structures on Sliding Guide Rail Surfaces

To optimize the crawling phenomenon of slides under circumstances of low speed and a heavy load, a composite lubrication structure is adopted to alleviate the crawling phenomenon. The response surface optimal-design method establishes a quadratic mathematical model for multistage composite lubrication structure parameters, including crawling time and average friction coefficient. The optimal combination parameters of multistage composite lubrication structures have been determined. The optimal ratio of lubricating oil to molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been identified, and a composite lubrication structure has been proposed to enhance the crawling phenomenon and friction performance of sliding guide rails under medium-speed and medium-load conditions. These research outcomes indicate that when low speed and a heavy load are present, the crawling time and friction coefficient initially diminish and subsequently augment as the width, spacing, and cycle length of the sinusoidal texture and the diameter of the hexagonal pit expand. The optimum configuration of multistage composite lubrication structures is as follows: The width of the sine-wave texture b amounts to 0.15 mm, the cycle length e is 2 mm, the spacing c is 1.5 mm, and the diameter of the hexagonal pit d is 0.2 mm. When the mass ratio of guide oil to MoS2 is 2:1, it exhibits supreme crawling resistance and antifriction attributes. In circumstances involving a medium load and speed, multistage composite lubrication structures manifest pre-eminent friction performance. These data can steer the design of multistage composite lubrication structures on the surface of slide rails.

Machine learning modelling the rut depth of WMA mixtures with variable reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and foamed bitumen content

ntroduction. Rutting of flexible, super flexible and semi-rigid pavement structures is a typical and frequently decisive condition parameter, form of pavement deterioration. That is why, any research result in the field can have of high importance for the road engineers. Problem Statement Rutting poses a significant challenge to asphalt pavements, causing permanent deformation under heavy loads, particularly in warm and wet conditions. Purpose. This pavement distress type has — in addition to riding comfort challenges — important traffic safety consequences (e.g. aquaplaning), as well. The research work concentrates on the influence of the use of warm mix asphalt, reclaimed asphalt material and foamed bitumen binder on the rut depth of asphalt pavements.

A Collision Risk Assessment Method for Aircraft on the Apron Based on Petri Nets

The airport apron is a high-risk area for aircraft collisions due to its heavy operational load and high aircraft density. Currently, existing quantitative models for apron collision risk provide limited consideration and classification of risk areas. In response, this paper proposes a Petri net-based method for assessing aircraft collision risk. The method predicts the probability of aircraft reaching different areas at different times based on operational data, enabling the calculation of collision risks within the Petri net framework. This approach highlights areas with potential collision risks and provides a classification evaluation. Subsequently, aircraft path re-planning is carried out to reduce collision risks. The model simplifies the complex operations of the apron system, making the calculation process clearer. The results show that, during the mid-phase of aircraft taxiing, there is a significant deviation between the actual and ideal positions of aircraft. Areas with high taxiway occupancy are more prone to collision risks. On peak days, due to relatively high flight volumes, the frequency of collision risks is 14% higher than on regular days, with an average risk increase of 23.3%, and the risks are more concentrated. Therefore, reducing collision risks through path planning becomes more challenging. It is recommended to focus attention on areas with high taxiway occupancy during peak periods and carefully plan routes to ensure apron safety.

Effects of propeller cavitation on ship propulsion performance in off-design operating conditions

The propeller cavitation is closely related with its hydrodynamic performance. When the propeller works in the cavitating flow, the propeller hydrodynamic performance, in terms of thrust and torque coefficients, is reduced due to the propeller cavitation. When the high-speed and high-power ship sails in adverse sea, the varying loads on propeller will cause severer cavitation on propeller. The reduction in propulsion performance caused by cavitation will further affect the propulsion system, impacting the ship sailing performance and safety. The VP1304 propeller cavitation CFD simulation are conducted to validate the CFD method. Furthermore, the influence of propeller advance ratio and cavitation numbers on the performance of low-speed high-power series propeller in cavitating flow are studied and illustrated. This influence of cavitation has also been transferred to the propulsion system and this process are calculated by the ship propulsion system numerical model. Additionally, the sailing performance of ship propulsion system under off-design conditions, where the cavitation is more likely to occur, has been investigated in this article. Under severe heavy load conditions, it can even result in a complete loss of propulsion capability, posing significant risks. Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize control strategies for the propulsion system to mitigate the hazards caused by cavitation.

Energy-saving cruise control method for heavy-duty transport vehicle based on pump-valve coordinated drive

In order to realize the dual-goal of the improvement in the cruise performance and fuel economy of the heavy-duty transport vehicle (HDTV) for the transfer of the prefabricated box-girder in the construction of high-speed railway, a pump-valve parallel coordinated drive scheme is designed on the basis of the hydrostatic drive system of the HDTV, which combines the load-sensing valve control system and hydrostatic pump control system. Furthermore, the pump-valve coordinated controller (PVC) is also proposed to ensure the cooperation of the two systems, which adopts power following control strategy to control engine speed, the pump and motor displacement respectively, thus achieving the rough adjustment of the cruise velocity. The linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based on the full-state closed-loop feedback is introduced in PVC to control the proportional direction-valve (EPDV) and compensate for the velocity errors, thus realizing the fine adjustment of cruise velocity. A semi-physical experimental test-platform for the HDTV is established to conduct contrast tests between the rule-based controller (RBC) and the proposed PVC under different operating conditions. The results indicate that the PVC effectively reduces the velocity error, the total error is decreased by 80.6% and that of the maximum error is 43.4% under empty-load conditions, and under heavy load conditions, the total error is lowered by 82.1% and that of the maximum error is 46.8%. Moreover, the PVC also brings down the fuel consumption rate of the HDTV, with a maximum reduction of 27.6% and a minimum of 11.4%.

Regional changes in the free Achilles tendon volume in response to repeated submaximal contractions

IntroductionThe Achilles tendon (AT) may become smaller in volume following acute bouts of heavy and sustained loading likely because of transient fluid exudation to the periphery and this could augment cellular mechanotransduction and tendon adaptation. Given the structure of the AT is distinct across its length, regional changes in the free AT volume may occur in response to loading. This study aimed to investigate whether the change in tendon volume in response to repeated submaximal loading is distinct across the free AT length. MethodsSixteen ATs of healthy males and females (age 24.4 ± 9.4 years, body mass 70.9 ± 16.1 kg, height 1.7 ± 0.1 m) were scanned at rest using freehand 3D ultrasound. Scanning was done before and immediately after submaximal (75 %) voluntary isometric plantarflexion contractions (8 s) involving four sets of ten repetitions. Regional volumetric changes were assessed across the free AT length by dividing the tendon into distal, mid, and proximal regions. ResultsSignificant reduction in the free AT volume occurred across all tendon regions in response to the intervention, however, the mid- region exhibited the greatest reduction in volume compared to the proximal region (P = 0.025). DiscussionThe fact that volume reduction was greatest in the mid-region compared to the proximal region of the free AT may suggest greater tendon adaptation, via mechanotransduction pathways, in the mid-region and this may be important for tendon health and injury prevention.

Clinical and molecular factors associated with external apical root resorption by orthodontics: Umbrella review

The objective of this study was to analyze the available evidence on external apical root resorption (EARR) due to orthodontic movement to identify clinical and molecular factors associated with this condition. An umbrella review that included systematic reviews and meta-analysis was performed. Four databases were used (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane), and critical evaluation following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and admeasurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR-2) guidelines were carried out. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews, CRD42020198971). One hundred and twenty-four papers were eligible for this investigation. After exclusion by title and abstract, 10 papers (four systematic reviews and six meta-analyses) were included in the study. Guideline AMSTAR-2 was applied, and evaluation was performed using the PRISMA guideline. Factors such as female gender, adulthood, conventional fixed orthodontic treatment, heavy, continuous, and prolonged loads, intrusive movements, and anterior superior teeth with abnormal roots increase the risk of developing this condition. At the molecular level, some biomarkers, such as interleukins (IL) I-1B, I-6, I-4, and dentin phosphoprotein, are significant to reach an early diagnosis of external root resorption (ERR), especially the gene of polymorphism IL-1B (+3954), which is the most important predictor of this condition in patients under orthodontic treatment. Clinical and molecular factors respond to individual characteristics that must be identified to define the risk of developing EARR. Cone-beam computed tomography is the most accurate tool to evaluate the dimension of this condition. Prolonged treatments must be avoided, and immunoassays to analyze proteins in the gingival crevicular fluid should be included to reach an early diagnosis.