Heavy Hybrid Vehicles Research Articles

Polyoxometalate/Metal-Organic-Framework Hybrid Materials As Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors

Tremendous effort has been focused on developing electrochemical capacitors with various applications such as portable electronics, heavy hybrid vehicles, load leveling, and uninterruptible power supplies.Electrochemical capacitors have the advantage of providing high power density which enable faster charge/discharge rates than batteries, as well as long cycle life. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are transition metal oxide clusters, and they possess fast and reversible multi-electron redox reactions.Several POMs have been studied in supercapacitors, such as H3[PMo12O40], H3[PW12O40],H4[SiMo12O40], H4[SiW12O40]. However, most of POMs can be dissolved in aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, some of them were combined with carbon materials or conducting polymers.In this study, we synthesized a vanadium-based POM combined with a metal-organic-framework (MOF) as electrode material in electrochemical capacitors. The electrochemical properties of this V-POM/MOF electrodes are studied by electrochemical measurements such as galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, a hybrid energy storage device which combines V-POM/MOF as negative electrode and activated carbon as positive electrode was assembled to demonstrate the potential for electrochemical capacitor applications.

Investigation of Control Model in a New Series Hybrid Hydraulic/Electric System for Heavy Vehicles Based on Energy Efficiency

An interesting model which was able to recuperate and reuse braking energy was investigated. It was named series hybrid hydraulic/electric system (SHHES). The innovated model was presented for heavy hybrid vehicles to overcome the existing drawbacks of single energy storage sources. The novelty of this paper was investigation of a new series hybrid vehicle with triple sources, combustion engine, electric motor, and hydraulic sources. It was simulated with MATLAB-Simulink and different operational mode of control system was investigated. The aim was to improve the efficiency of the energy-loading components in the power train system and the transmission system independently. The ability to store and reuse the kinetic energy was added to the system to prevent energy wasting while the vehicle was braking. Control models were also investigated to realize suitable control algorithms to offer the best efficiency in system components for different vehicle conditions. The torque control strategy based on fuzzy logic controller was proposed to achieve better vehicle performance while the fuel consumption was minimized. The results implied efficient storage and usage in the transmission system. A small vehicle model experimentally verified the simulation results.

Hydraulic/electric synergy system (HESS) design for heavy hybrid vehicles

Abstract Energy storage source is one of the key factors constraining the development of hybrid drive technology. Single energy storage source is difficult to satisfy the hybrid vehicle’s requirements for both energy density and power density. This paper presents a hydraulic/electric synergy system (HESS) for heavy hybrid vehicles to overcome the existing drawbacks of single energy storage source. The key components in the synergy system are sized to improve the fuel economy potential while satisfying the vehicle performance constraints. In order to achieve optimal fuel economy, energy control strategy tailored specially to the synergy system is designed to manage the power distribution between multiple energy sources based on theirs characteristics. The experiments and simulations demonstrate that the proposed synergy system can provide good fuel economy and overall system efficiency.

Control strategy of hydraulic/electric synergy system in heavy hybrid vehicles

Energy consumption and exhaust emissions of hybrid vehicles strongly depend on the energy storage source and the applied control strategy. Heavy vehicles have the characteristics of frequent starts/stops and significant amounts of braking energy, which needs to find a more efficient way to store and use the high power flow. A novel parallel hybrid vehicles configuration consisting of hydraulic/electric synergy system is proposed to overcome the existing drawbacks of single energy storage source in heavy hybrid vehicles. A control strategy combining a logic threshold approach and key parameters optimization algorithm is developed to achieve acceptable vehicle performance while simultaneously maximizing engine fuel economy and maintaining the battery state of charge in its rational operation range at all times. The experimental and simulation results illustrate the potential of the proposed control strategy in terms of fuel economy and in keeping the deviations of SOC at high efficiency range.