Heat Of Decomposition Research Articles

Synergistic photothermal and chemo-therapeutic platform utilizing Cu2-xSe/PDA/AIPH nanoparticles for targeted tumor eradication.

In this study, we developed an innovative Cu2-xSe/PDA/AIPH nanoparticle platform that combines photothermal therapy and chemotherapy for effective tumor treatment. The Cu2-xSe nanoparticles, known for their strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption, were encapsulated within a polydopamine (PDA) and 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) matrix. Upon NIR irradiation, the platform triggers localized heating and subsequent thermal decomposition of AIPH, releasing ROS to induce significant oxidative damage in tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that Cu2-xSe/PDA/AIPH nanoparticles exhibit excellent biocompatibility, effective photothermal conversion, and potent anticancer efficacy. This multifunctional nanosystem offers a promising approach for enhancing tumor therapy by combining PTT with ROS-mediated chemotherapy.

Heat of Combustion and Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate/Sorbitol Solid Propellant with Metal Additives

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) stands out as the predominant oxidizer in solid rocket propulsion systems, while sorbitol, frequently employed as a fuel in sounding rockets, is expected to generate non-hazardous gases during combustion. This study reports on the effect of sorbitol as potential organic green fuel in addition to additive metals on heat of combustion, thermal properties and specific impulse for ammonium perchlorate based solid propellant. The specific impulse was measured using PROPEP 3.0 (Propellant evaluation program). Solid propellant characterization included measuring energy using a bomb calorimeter and conducting thermal analysis using DSC and TGA. Various compositions were prepared by varying the AP and sorbitol content in the propellant, and additive metals like magnesium and ferrite were introduced. The findings reveal that the formulation of 77% ammonium perchlorate into the 23 % sorbitol releases the optimum combustion energy at 2144.47 KJ/mol and lowers the thermal decomposition temperature of AP to 210.38 °C compared to common AP solid propellant formulation. Meanwhile, the addition of 1 % magnesium metal to the mixture significantly improves the combustion energy, propellant performance, and decreases thermal decomposition temperature of the AP/sorbitol. The addition of 0.05% ferrous oxide shows a catalytic capability to decrease the ignition temperature of the sample to 199.15 °C and merge two exothermic peaks into single peak. The main outcome of this work is, AP can interact synergistically with sorbitol mixed with both additive metals by increase the heat combustion, specific impulse, improve AP sensitivity toward heat and lower the thermal decomposition temperature.

Heat of Combustion and Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate/Sorbitol Solid Propellant with Metal Additives

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) stands out as the predominant oxidizer in solid rocket propulsion systems, while sorbitol, frequently employed as a fuel in sounding rockets, is expected to generate non-hazardous gases during combustion. This study reports on the effect of sorbitol as potential organic green fuel in addition to additive metals on heat of combustion, thermal properties and specific impulse for ammonium perchlorate based solid propellant. The specific impulse was measured using PROPEP 3.0 (Propellant evaluation program). Solid propellant characterization included measuring energy using a bomb calorimeter and conducting thermal analysis using DSC and TGA. Various compositions were prepared by varying the AP and sorbitol content in the propellant, and additive metals like magnesium and ferrite were introduced. The findings reveal that the formulation of 77% ammonium perchlorate into the 23 % sorbitol releases the optimum combustion energy at 2144.47 KJ/mol and lowers the thermal decomposition temperature of AP to 210.38 °C compared to common AP solid propellant formulation. Meanwhile, the addition of 1 % magnesium metal to the mixture significantly improves the combustion energy, propellant performance, and decreases thermal decomposition temperature of the AP/sorbitol. The addition of 0.05% ferrous oxide shows a catalytic capability to decrease the ignition temperature of the sample to 199.15 °C and merge two exothermic peaks into single peak. The main outcome of this work is, AP can interact synergistically with sorbitol mixed with both additive metals by increase the heat combustion, specific impulse, improve AP sensitivity toward heat and lower the thermal decomposition temperature.

Enhancing the Thermal Stability and Combustion Performance of NC-Based Propellants via Bu-NENA Modification.

In this paper, a series of insensitive smokeless nitrocellulose (NC)-based propellants were prepared through the absorption rolling method. Their thermal stability was rigorously assessed via vacuum stability test (VST), and their thermal reactivity of the propellant was comprehensively investigated and compared using the thermogravimetric analysis (TG)/differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. Additionally, the combustion characteristics were meticulously analyzed by a constant-volume combustion diagnosis system. The experimental results showed that the thermal stability of the propellant was significantly enhanced when N-butyl-N-nitratoethyl nitramine (Bu-NENA) was used to partially or fully replace nitroglycerin (NG). However, an increase in Bu-NENA content corresponded with a decrease in the burning rate of the propellant. The catalytic effects observed in propellants varied markedly, influencing the composition of the products formed during thermal decomposition. Specifically, substituting 50 and 100% of NG with Bu-NENA resulted in reductions in the decomposition heat release of 96.2 and 258 J·g-1, respectively. Furthermore, the introduction of the catalyst significantly increased the burning rate under low-pressure conditions. For instance, at 2 MPa, the burning rate of Bu-0503 increased from 1.78 to 5.23 mm·s-1. A lower content of Bu-NENA was associated with a more luminous flame, while substituting 50 and 100% of NG with Bu-NENA led to decreases in flame temperature by 222 and 535 °C, respectively. The observed decrease in the flame temperature is attributed to the heat absorption during the volatilization of Bu-NENA, leading to a reduction in the thermal feedback of the flame.

Preparation of pCL-20/PTFE-Al composites for sensibility reduction and combustion improvement

The high sensitivity of high explosive hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) limits its applicability, and the performance optimization brought by the synergistic effect between nanothermite and CL-20 is expected to expand its application prospects. In this study, polydopamine (PDA) was introduced to modify CL-20 (denoted as pCL-20), and a quasi-core/shell pCL-20/polytetrafluoroethylene-aluminum (pCL-20/PTFE-Al) composite was successfully prepared by ultrasonic-assisted composite method. The performance characterization results demonstrate that the composite exhibits significantly better decomposition heat release than the mixed sample, a reduction in combustion time from 408 ms to 268 ms, a more stable combustion flame, and more focused energy release. At the same time, the comparison of composite combustion with different condition variables reflects the combustion advantages of the selected proportional conditions in this study. The characteristic drop height (H50) increased from 24.05 cm to 42.15 cm, the explosive percentage of friction sensitivity reduced from 100 % to 70 %, and the sensitivity of the composite sample decreased significantly when compared to the raw CL-20. It improves the combustion performance while reducing the sensitivity, thereby enhancing the application potential and providing a reference for the high-energy desensitization of energetic materials.

Pulverization of municipal solid waste and utilization of pulverized product as alternative fuel for blast furnace injection

In order to utilize municipal solid waste (MSW) in blast furnace ironmaking to realize synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, a novel method for pulverization of MSW by low temperature heat treatment and crushing, and evaluation of the properties of pulverized product for blast furnace injection were performed. In the present research work, residual waste obtained from MSW classification under the conditions of most Chinese cities was used as the representative raw material. The crushing performance of MSW can be improved by heat treatment. Considering the weight loss ratio, pulverization effect and density of heated MSW at different temperatures and durations, the optimal heat treatment parameters can be set as 300 °C and 20 min. The volatile content, fixed carbon content, ash content, S content, lower heating value of the pulverized product were 61.56 wt%, 19.02 wt%, 19.42 wt%, 0.39 wt% and 25.47 kJ/g, respectively. The pulverized product had worse fluidity and similar jet flow compared to industrial injection coal. Its decomposition heat for injection was 1732 kJ/kg. The initial combustion temperature and burnout temperature of the mixed fuel gradually decreased with the increasing of added pulverized product due to its much better combustion property. About 0.163 kg CO2 can be reduced if 1 kg of raw MSW was injected into blast furnace. The experimental results demonstrates that the obtained pulverized MSW could be used for blast furnace ironmaking to some extent as an environmentally friendly, low-carbon, and economically substitute of fossil fuel.

Investigation of the Thermophysical Simulation and Material Removal Mechanism of the High-Volume-Fraction SiCp/Al Composite in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining.

SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (SiCp/Al) are widely used in aviation, weaponry, and automobiles because of their excellent service performance. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) regardless of workpiece hardness has become an alternative method for processing SiCp/Al composites. In this paper, the temperature distribution and the discharge crater size of the SiCp/Al composite are simulated by a thermophysical model during a single-pulse discharge process (SPDP) based on the random distribution of SiC particles. The material removal mechanism of the SiCp/Al composite during the multi-pulse discharge process (MPDP) is revealed, and the surface roughness (Ra) of the SiCp/Al composite is predicted during the MPDP. The thermophysical model simulation results during the MPDP and experimental characterization data indicate that the removal mechanism of SiCp/Al composite material consists of the melting and vaporization of the aluminum matrix, as well as the heat decomposition and shedding of silicon carbide particles. Pulse-on time (Ton), pulse-off time (Toff), and servo voltage (SV) have a great influence on surface roughness. The Ra increases with an increase in Ton and SV, but decreases slightly with an increase in Toff. Moreover, compared with experimental data, the relative error of Ra calculated from the thermophysical model is 0.47-7.54%. This means that the developed thermophysical model has a good application and promotion value for the WEDM of metal matrix composite material.

Resistive Heating and Thermal Decomposition of an Additively Manufacturable Electrically Conductive Explosive

AbstractThe ability to transmit electrical signals through high explosive charges without using dense metal conductors could enable continuous monitoring of explosive charges with internally embedded sensors. With the sensor materials themselves being energetic, the impact on the intended detonation performance of the charge can be minimized. Embedded sensors enable real time, in‐situ measurements of conditions relevant to ageing assessments. Additionally, dynamic material property sensing can provide detonation performance data, enabling measurement of dynamic shock position. One proposed method to allow for electronic signal transfer through high explosives is to use electrically conductive explosive composites consisting of an electrically conductive polymer binder mixed with high explosive crystals. These conductive energetic pathways also serve as independently reactive elements and can provide additional functionality via dynamic sensor removal through resistive heating and subsequent decomposition. This work discusses the resistive heating of a previously developed, poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based, electrically conductive extrudable explosive composite. Experimental samples of the conductive explosive material were subjected to a range of direct current applications and the resulting heating and decomposition of the material is discussed.

Peroxidation of methyl ethyl ketone catalyzed by UiO-66 and the thermal stability analysis

The synthesis of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) generally belongs to the homogeneous strong acid catalysed process. Acid is corrosive to the equipment, cannot be reused and thus has a large amount of wastewater to be post-treated and needs high treatment cost. The heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of organic peroxides is gaining more and more attention. In this study, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide was prepared from butanone oxidized by hydrogen peroxide and in the presence of UiO-66 as the catalyst. Under the conditions that the molar ratio of H2O2 to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is 2, the mass ratio of UiO-66 to MEK is 0.045, the reaction temperature is 30 °C, and the reaction time is 70 min, the active oxygen content of the product reaches 10.81 %, and the main products are methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and its oligomers. The thermal decomposition heat and activated energy are 748 J·g−1 and 101 kJ·mol−1 based on the thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) determination. Finally, after four cycles, uio-66 still had 70.2 % yield, and XRD and FTIR after the cycles proved the good stability of the catalyst. The study provides a new way for the production of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide by heterogeneous catalytic oxidation.

Considerations for the safe handling and processing of unstable materials

AbstractWe evaluate the instability hazards of initiators, monomers, and other unstable materials during storage and handling in individual containers, pallets of containers, and storage and process vessels. We propose a simplistic model to analyze the temperature–time profile of an unstable chemical, given heat transfer from/to the environment, heat generation due to decomposition and other reaction kinetics, and heat generated from auxiliary equipment (e.g., agitators/mixers, pumps, vessel jackets). Lumped capacitance‐based heat transfer and decomposition kinetics are integrated to predict self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), self‐accelerating polymerization temperature (SAPT), and the temperature profile given exposure conditions (e.g., ambient temperature and additional sources of heat). Case studies related to the storage and processing of unstable liquid monomers (i.e., methyl methacrylate, MMA), and organic peroxides, (i.e., tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate, TBPB), are presented. We also provide recommendations on determining safe storage and processing temperatures and steps to prevent emergency situations and include an overview of thermal analysis and data treatment procedures which might affect chemical process safety recommendations.

Numerical Simulation of Secondary Hydrate Formation Characteristics and Effectiveness of Prevention Methods

The exploitation of natural gas hydrates by the pressure reduction method is affected by the decomposition heat absorption effect, and the range of the formation temperature reduction area is expanding. At the same time, the temperature reduction phenomenon is more significant around the production wells under the influence of gas throttling and expansion effects, and hydrate formation will occur under certain temperature and pressure conditions, leading to blockage of effective seepage channels in the reservoir in the region and elevation of seepage resistance, which may affect the output of hydrate decomposition gas. A numerical simulation model is constructed for the purpose of studying the secondary hydrate generation pattern around the well, analyzing the impact of secondary hydrates around wells on the production capacity, and assessing the effectiveness of prevention methods to inform the actual production of hydrates. The results demonstrate that secondary hydrate is typically formed in the near-well area of the upper part of the production well, and the secondary hydrate around the upper part of the production well is the first to be formed, exhibiting the highest saturation peak and the latest decomposition. The formation of the secondary hydrate can be predicted based on the observed change in temperature and pressure, and the rate of secondary hydrate formation is markedly rapid, whereas the decomposition rate, approximately 0.285 mole/d, is relatively slow. Additionally, the impact of secondary hydrates on cumulative gas production is insignificant, and the effect of secondary hydrates on capacity can be ignored. Hot water injection, wellbore heating, and reservoir reconstruction can effectively eliminate secondary hydrates around the well. Reservoir reconstruction represents a superior approach to the elimination of secondary hydrates, which can effectively enhance production capacity while preventing the generation of secondary hydrates.

Reactivity of polyaniline composites with attractive cyclic nitramines

Composite microcrystals of the nitramines (NAs) RDX, HMX, BCHMX and CL-20 with electrically conductive polyaniline (PANi) are a charge transfer complexes in composite crystals (CACs). The activation energies of thermolysis, Ea, of the pure NAs and their PANi-composites were determined using the Kissinger method, and decomposition processes are discussed. Except for the RDX/PANi CAC, all the other CACs show higher Ea values for decomposition compared to their pure NA counterparts. For all CACs, relationships are specified between the Ea values, on the one hand, and the squares of the detonation velocities, enthalpies of formation, spark energy and impact sensitivities, on the other. The relationships between their low-temperature heats of decomposition, ΔH, from DSC, and their enthalpy of formation, logarithm of impact sensitivity, electric spark energy, as well as detonation energy, are described. The PANi favorably influences the density of the corresponding CAC; surprisingly close linear correlations were found, and explained, between these densities and the Ea values. This presence of PANi strongly increased the electrical spark sensitivity of the CACs in comparison to the base NAs. Based on the results obtained, it can be noted in particular the exceptional desensitization of HMX to impact and the increased sensitivity to electrical spark by coating its crystals with polyaniline.

Effects of aging on mechanical sensitivity threshold and thermal decomposition characteristic of RDX/HMX

In order to analyze the influences of storage aging on the safety of typical elemental explosives, the aged cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) were prepared by isothermal aging tests. The reaction thresholds of aged RDX and HMX under any ignition probability were studied by Langlie-Optimal D method. The thermal decomposition characteristics of RDX and HMX after aging were analyzed by DSC and ARC. Experimental results showed that compared with unaged RDX and HMX, on the one hand, the critical impact energy and critical friction of RDX and HMX aged for 14, 28, and 56 days are significantly reduced at an explosion probability of 50%, 0.01%, and 0.0001%, respectively. With the increase of aging time, the mechanical sensitivity of RDX and HMX increases obviously. On the other hand, the initial decomposition temperature of RDX and HMX after 56 days of aging decreases, the decomposition heat decreases, the activation energy increases, and the reaction difficulty increases.

Research on modularized design and parameter matching of dual-fuel pre-cooler for chemically precooled engine

Precooling technology is a widely used method for increasing the flight speed of aero-engine by installing a precooler in front of compressor. However, the traditional precooler is difficult to meet the precooling requirement in a wide range because of the fixed geometric structure. In this paper, a novel precooling strategy based on multi-module is proposed, in which the precooler is divided into multiple identical modules and the number of modules cooled by different fuels could be regulated, so as to meet the precooling requirement under different working conditions. To evaluate the performances of this scheme, a one-dimensional model of precooler is established. Besides, the characteristics of heat transfer and decomposition of ammonia are experimentally studied to support the precooler design. The study shows that the heat sink of ammonia reaches 4.59 MJ/kg at 629 °C, and the fitted heat transfer correlation equation matches well with the experimental values within the error of 15 %. Further, in the range of Ma2.5 – 2.88, the precooling demand can be satisfied by using only RP-3, and above Ma2.88, it is necessary to use both NH3 and RP-3 simultaneously. Moreover, the optimal number of precooler module division is 5, and the modular precooling scheme could improve the specific impulse by 24.06 % at Ma3.4 compared to non-modular precooling scheme.

Sintering trials and microstructural changes mechanism of analogues of americium oxides for radioisotope power systems

Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) are deal energy supply devices for deep space and deep-sea exploration, and it is also the energy core of the operation of the working equipment. Except for 238Pu (Plutonium), 241Am (Americium) was also used as a nuclide in the radioactive energy system for future space exploration missions. In this work, neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) was used as analogues for Am2O3. Cold-press-and-sinter methods was used. Different particle parameters (morphology, size, and crystal structure) and synthesized parameters of Nd2O3 were investigated. The synthesized powders contained lath-shaped particles, and batches with different particle sizes and microscopic topography were made and sintered. The results show that the optimal precipitation temperature of Nd2O3 is 25 °C. The optimal thermal decomposition temperature range is 900 °C to 1100 °C, and the optimal thermal decomposition heating rate is 10 °C min−1. The samples of Nd2O3 pellets without cracking is obtained with relative density of 85%–90 %. The Vickers hardness of Nd2O3 pellets was also studied. This paper provides an important scientific guiding significance for the cold-press-and-sinter of radioisotope 241Am batteries in the future.

Расчет параметров теплового взрыва нафтохинондиазидных фоторезистов на основе экспериментальных данных

The study is focused on the applied task of determination of self-ignition (flash) temperature of unstable substances in order to facilitate occupational safety without conducting large-scale experiments. For two representatives of a number of naphthoquinonediazides, semi-products of production of positive photoresists—monosodium salt 1,2- naphthoquinondiazide(2)-5-sulfonic acid (Dye M) and 1,2-naphthoquinondiazide(2)-5-sulfochloride (Dye N2), the applicability of the thermal explosion classic theory has been proved. Using experimental kinetic parameters and the heat of decomposition of dyes, parameters of a thermal explosion in adiabatic conditions and convective heat transfer conditions have been calculated. As the analysis of obtained dependences shows, the linear dependence of slow growth (induction period) with time transforms into exponential dependence for each substance. Notably, the heat resistance of Dyes М and N2 is rather low. It has been shown that the slow decomposition of substances in conditions of the missing heat sink can transform into the stage of thermal explosion. The design temperature of self-ignition (flash) of the substance calculated considering the heat sink and the geometry of process equipment is 135 °C for Dye М and 93 °C for Dye N2, which complies with the experimental data. The recommendations on the selection of safe temperatures for drying modes of the studied compounds have been provided.

On the Thermal Stability of Selected Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Na-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries are a technology rapidly approaching widespread adoption, so studying the thermal stability and safety of their components is a pressing issue. In this work, we employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ex situ powder X-ray diffraction to study the thermal stability of several types of sodium-ion electrolytes (NaClO4 and NaPF6 solutions in PC, EC, DEC, and their mixtures) and various cathode and anode materials (Na3V2(PO4)3, Na3(VO)2(PO4)2F, β-NaVP2O7, and hard carbon) in combination with electrolytes. The obtained results indicate, first, the satisfactory thermal stability of liquid Na-ion electrolytes, which start to decompose only at 270~300 °C. Second, we observed that charged vanadium-based polyanionic cathodes, which appear to be very stable in the “dry” state, demonstrate an increase in decomposition enthalpy and a shift of the DSC peaks to lower temperatures when in contact with 1 M NaPF6 in the EC:DEC solution. However, the greatest thermal effect from the “electrode–electrolyte” interaction is demonstrated by the anode material: the heat of decomposition of the soaked electrode in the charged state is almost 40% higher than the sum of the decomposition enthalpies of the electrolyte and dry electrode separately.

Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Rheology and Heat of Decomposition of Solution Processed Hybrid Nanocomposites and Implication to Sustainable Energy Storage

Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Rheology and Heat of Decomposition of Solution Processed Hybrid Nanocomposites and Implication to Sustainable Energy Storage

Roles of fuel composition on the ignition process of endothermic hydrocarbons

Due to the characteristics of heat absorption and decomposition, endothermic hydrocarbon fuels (EHFs) have been widely used in scramjets for thermal protection and heat recirculation. The understanding of ignition characteristics of EHFs is of great importance for their safe and efficient utilization. In this paper, the ignition processes of EHFs were numerically simulated at atmospheric pressure and with an initial temperature of 500 K. Three different ignition stages were identified based on the chemical heat release and flame kernel propagation. A 3-component kerosene surrogate model composed of n-dodecane, methyl cyclohexane and m-xylene was adopted, as well as the corresponding chemical kinetic model with 369 species and 2691 reactions. Results showed that the discrepant decomposition characteristics of n-alkanes and cycloalkanes affected the chemical heat release and propagation during the ignition process. Two-stage exothermic characteristic was observed in the time evolutions of chemical heat release rate and fuel decomposition. The mass production of molecules and accumulation of radicals dominated the first and second exothermic peaks, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum ignition energies (MIEs) of EHFs with various methyl cyclohexane were determined to quantify the effect of fuel composition on ignition performance. Characteristically, the MIE dramatically decreased from 10.2 to 2.15 mJ when 20% n-dodecane was replaced by methyl cyclohexane. However, it was slightly increased as methyl cyclohexane continued to increase. Analyses from both physical and chemical aspects were conducted to elaborate the dependence of MIE on fuel composition. The dominant effects of flame-dynamic and chemical effects on different ignition stages were analysed. The faster propagation speed and stronger endothermic ability of methyl cyclohexane led to the nonlinear variation of MIEs. The results in this study provide useful guidance for composition optimization and safety evaluation of EHFs.

Examining the impact of nano‐sized Litharge, Tenorite, and Hematite on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate‐based cross‐linked composite modified double base propellant

AbstractThis study aims to compare the catalytic effects of three nano‐metal oxides (nMOs); Litharge (α‐PbO), Tenorite (CuO), and Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) on the thermal decomposition of an ammonium perchlorate based cross‐linked composite modified double base propellant (AP‐XLCMDBP). The three nMOs are synthesized via a chemical precipitation method and then characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Their effect on the thermal decomposition of AP‐XLCMDBP is studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results indicate that Litharge has no significant effect on the thermal decomposition of AP‐XLCMDBP. However, both Tenorite and Hematite nanocatalysts accelerate the thermolysis process and enhance the total heat released from AP‐XLCMDBP. Moreover, compared to Tenorite, Hematite nanoparticles are found to be a more efficient catalyst, where their presence in AP‐XLCMDBP leads to a significant decrease in activation energies of the first and the second decomposition stages by 13.67 kJ/mol and 17.57 kJ/mol, respectively. An increase of the total decomposition heat by 153.73 J/g is also attained in the presence of Hematite, displaying its high catalytic action on the thermal decomposition of AP‐XLCMDBP.