Heat Treatment Conditions Research Articles

The effects of heat treatment and surface state on the corrosion resistance of laser powder bed fusion 304L stainless steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

The corrosion resistance of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 304L stainless steel (SS) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was evaluated at room temperature through potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. For electropolished samples, annealing at 1200 °C slightly enhanced the corrosion resistance due to changes in crystal orientation and inclusion composition, and reduced residual strain. In contrast, annealing at 1050 °C significantly reduced the corrosion resistance mainly due to the disappearance of dislocation cells and the remained residual dislocations. Residual stress/strain and martensitic transformation induced by sandpaper grinding can also deteriorate the corrosion resistance. Only the as-received sample shows stable passivation regardless of the surface conditions.

Numerical fracture toughness evaluation of SS316L CT specimens using an Elastic Plastic Fracture Mechanics (EPFM) approach

In this study, fracture toughness was determined using an elastic-plastic fracture mechanics approach via numerical simulation. The material chosen for study is austenitic stainless steel 316L, which is extensively used in the nuclear industry for core internal structures. Three different SS316L conditions were considered for the analysis, including welded and post-weld heat-treated conditions aged at 300 °C for 10,000 hours (over-aged) and at 400 °C for 5,000 hours (peak-aged). A compact tension (CT) specimen of standard dimensions, which was taken from ASTM E1820–01, was used to perform the analysis. The J-integral value that is obtained for those three conditions was compared with the base material, which was taken from the open literature. It was found that theJ-integral values of SS 316L for welded conditions were lower than the base material. Also, J-integral values of SS 316L for the two post-weld heat-treated conditions were found to be greater than the weldments but less than the base material. It can also be noted that the values obtained for the SS316L weldments and the post-weld heat-treated sample aged at 335 °C for 10,000 hours were notably similar.

An investigation of the corrosion rate of Mg alloys in Hank’s solution

Magnesium alloys can be produced and formed using different techniques (casting, rolling, extrusion). Using the induction casting technique, magnesium alloys with biodegradable properties, good biocompatibility, and satisfactory mechanical properties are obtained, which are important to avoid the second surgical intervention to remove the implant.1 In addition, the implant material must have bioactivity, allowing better bone anchorage and favoring the growth of bone tissue in its structure. The dimensional stability of the magnesium alloys is highly important to not collapse prematurely during regeneration.2 The incorporation of alloying elements in magnesium promotes higher mechanical strength and improves corrosion resistance. In this work, two magnesium alloys, Mg-3.3Gd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr (wt%) (GK30) and Mg3.4Dy-0.2Zn-0.4Zr (wt%) (DK30), with different heat treatment conditions, were evaluated in Hank's solution, which simulates body fluids. The heat treatment conditions were selected according to the Group's previous results. Thus, alloy DK30 was treated at 180ºC for 60 h and 250ºC for 30 h, and alloy GK30, 180ºC for 100 h and 250ºC for 60 h. Hydrogen evolution and mass loss tests were carried out to determine the corrosion rate

Improving the mechanical properties of laser powder bed fused AlSi10Mg alloys by eliminating the inevitable micro-voids via hot forging

PurposeThe metallic alloys and their components fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) suffer from the microvoids formed inevitably due to the extreme solidification rate during fabrication, which are impossible to be removed by heat treatment. This paper aims to remove those microvoids in as-built AlSi10Mg alloys by hot forging and enhance their mechanical properties.Design/methodology/approachAlSi10Mg samples were built using prealloyed powder with a set of optimized LPBF parameters, viz. 350 W of laser power, 1,170 mm/s of scan speed, 50 µm of layer thickness and 0.24 mm of hatch spacing. As-built samples were preheated to 430°C followed by immediate pressing with two different thickness reductions of 10% and 35%. The effect of hot forging on the microstructure was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Tensile tests were performed to reveal the effect of hot forging on the mechanical properties.FindingsBy using hot forging, the large number of microvoids in both as-built and post heat-treated samples were mostly healed. Moreover, the Si particles were finer in forged condition (∼150 nm) compared with those in heat-treated condition (∼300 nm). Tensile tests showed that compared with heat treatment, the hot forging process could noticeably increase tensile strength at no expense of ductility. Consequently, the toughness (integration of tensile stress and strain) of forged alloy increased by ∼86% and ∼24% compared with as-built and heat-treated alloys, respectively.Originality/valueHot forging can effectively remove the inevitable microvoids in metals fabricated via LPBF, which is beneficial to the mechanical properties. These findings are inspiring for the evolution of the LPBF technique to eliminate the microvoids and boost the mechanical properties of metals fabricated via LPBF.

Effects of heat treatment on the profile of volatile flavor components in bamboo shoots

The effects of different heat treatment conditions (105, 110, and 120 °C; 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min) on the flavor profiles of bamboo shoots were investigated using headspace/solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/olfactometry-odor activity value (HS/SPME-GC/MS/O-OAV) and sensory analysis. Results indicated noticeable differences in the amount and rate of changes in both original and newly produced flavor components in bamboo shoots at different temperatures. The retention rates of hexanal at 105 °C, 110 °C, and 120 °C were 8.55–34.41%, 7.28–34.32%, and 5.22–11.08%, respectively, whereas (E)-2-hexenal, (E, E)-2,4-heptadienal, (E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal, 1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-pentylfuran were mostly lost after heat treatment. The content of three lipid oxidation compounds (octanal, nonanal, and decanal) increased 75.59–500.67%, while the content of newly generated Maillard reaction compounds (e.g. methional, furfural) increased (0–12.58 μg/kg) with heating temperature and time. Sensory analysis indicated that the bamboo shoots heated at 110 °C for 30 min had the best overall flavor. These findings suggested that moderate heat treatment could eliminate some grassy and mushroom flavors from bamboo shoots, enhancing their sweet flavor. This improvement could be favorable for the consumer acceptance of heat-processed bamboo shoots.

Local mechanical properties of dissimilar metal TIG welded joints of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy and AISI 304 austenitic steel

Multiple principal element alloys encompass the well-known high entropy alloys (HEA). The alloy system represents a new class of materials consisting of at least three alloying elements, each containing 5 to 35 at.%. Thus, this alloying concept differs fundamentally from conventional materials such as steel or nickel alloys. For this purpose, the alloying elements are specifically selected, the microstructures are adjusted in a single-phase and, in some cases, multi-phase manner. In particular, conflicting goals, such as the trade-off between strength and ductility in conventional steels, are overcome. However, in the last 20 years, the focus has been on material synthesis. With the increase in available material quantities, the focus is now on processing issues such as joining and welding processes. The weldability of HEAs has received very little attention so far. The experience with dissimilar metal welds is completely lacking but is essential for the application of these materials in combination with conventional materials. The present study presents comprehensive experimental results on the weldability of an equimolar CoCrFeMnNi-HEA in cold-rolled and heat-treated condition, which was joined by tungsten inert gas welding to an austenitic steel AISI 304. The mechanical properties of the dissimilar metal welds were characterized by cross-weld tensile samples, whereas the local deformation in the weld of the different welding zones was measured by digital image correlation. In accordance with the respective initial HEA condition (cold-rolled vs. heat-treated), the local strain behavior was divergent and influenced the global mechanical properties of both DMW types. Nonetheless, the experiments provided proof in principle of the weldability for dissimilar joints of the CoCrFeMnNi-HEA welded to conventional materials like austenitic stainless steels ensuring a corresponding capability for mechanical loading. This allows further considerations on the application of these innovative materials.

Ultrathin SiO2 aerogel papers with hierarchical scale enable high-temperature thermal insulation

Aerogel composites reinforced by fibers have found extensive applications in the field of thermal insulation and energy conservation. However, the composites are hindered by their high infrared radiation transmittance and weak interface adhesion in practical applications. Herein, we designed and prepared a novel thin composite called ‘fiber/whisker/aerogel paper’ (SWAP) with a thickness of less than 1 mm. The SWAP integrated SiC nanowhiskers (SiCnw) as opacifiers and ultrafine SiO2 fibers as reinforcement, fabricated through wet manufacturing and sol-gel process. The ‘fiber/aerogel paper’ (SAP) and SWAP exhibited low thermal conductivity at room temperature, measuring 0.025 W/(m·K) and 0.033 W/(m·K), respectively. Additionally, they exhibited low densities of 0.195 g/cm3 and 0.225 g/cm3, respectively. Notably, SWAP exhibited excellent high-temperature insulation performance, primarily due to its low infrared transmittance (50% at 3 μm). The incorporation of SiCnw and ultrafine SiO2 fibers collectively enhanced the interfacial adhesion with the aerogel matrix even amidst rigorous testing (weight loss less than 3%). SWAP also demonstrated flexibility, high thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and flame resistance. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation into the performance variations and influencing g factors of the material was conducted under different heat treatment conditions. This research provides guidance for the application of such materials under high temperatures.

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical compression properties of C250 maraging steel fabricated by directed energy deposition

The mechanical compression properties of C250 maraging steel fabricated by directed energy deposition (DED), in the as-deposited and post-fabrication heat-treated conditions, are investigated under quasi-static loading conditions. The microstructure of the material is studied using analytical transmission electron microscopy and a comparison is made between the DED fabricated and conventionally produced wrought materials. The results reveal that the DED fabricated material, in the as-deposited condition, exhibits lower yield and ultimate compressive strengths compared to the commercially heat-treated wrought alloy, due to the absence of strengthening precipitates and the presence of a retained austenite phase. However, post-fabrication thermal treatment significantly improves the compressive strengths of the as-processed material to levels comparable to those of the conventionally produced wrought material. This is attributed to the formation of nano-sized Ni3Mo strengthening precipitates, a reduction in the amount of austenite phase, and the refinement of prior-austenite grains during the thermal treatment. Moreover, the DED fabricated material, in the heat-treated condition, with the presence of an austenite phase shows higher ductility than the commercially heat-treated wrought material.

Preparation, luminescence and thermal stability of Tb3+/Eu3+ doped glass ceramics containing KAlSiO4 crystalline phase

The melt-crystallisation process was used to successfully synthesised Tb3+/Eu3+ doped glass ceramics with KAlSiO4 crystalline phase. The optimum heat treatment condition was determined to be 560 °C/90 min by DSC, XRD, SEM and optical transmittance curves, under which the optical transmittance of the glass ceramic in the visible region can reach 80%. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the energy transfer between Tb3+ and Eu3+, and it was discovered that the energy transfer mechanism was brought on by dipole-dipole interactions. The chromaticity coordinates of the 0.9%Eu3+-0.9%Tb3+ doped sample are (0.3627, 0.3389), it is close to the color of white light. According to variable temperature spectroscopy analysis, emission intensity of Eu3+/Tb3+ co-doped glass ceramics at 458 K can be maintained at 97% and 70% of room temperature at 543 and 614 nm, respectively, demonstrating that the sample has good thermal stability. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of Eu3+/Tb3+ co-doped glass ceramics with KAlSiO4 crystalline phase for use in white light emitting diodes, solid state colour development and other fields.

Compressive mechanical response and microstructures in low strain rate plastic deformation of stainless steel 316L fabricated by selective laser melting

Characterization of the mechanical properties plays an essential role in the post-processing and evaluation of the functionality of the additively manufactured metallic parts. A number of studies have been focused on the tensile properties of additively manufactured metals. However, the quasi-static compression test of the additively manufactured 316L blocks with different heat-treatment conditions and scanning strategies seems to be overlooked in the literature. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive study of compressive mechanical response in plastic deformation of SS316L fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The mechanical response and microstructures in compressive deformation is analyzed for three printing strategies with 0°-, 90°- and 67.5°- scanning and three heat treatment conditions (450 °C for 3 h, 1100 °C for 1 h with furnace cool and 1100 °C for 1 h with water quenching) for selective laser melted (SLMed) stainless steel 316L in comparison with wrought stainless steel 316L in this work. Alteration of mechanical properties, microstructure evolution and compressive deformation mechanism is studied. Melt pool features are not significantly affected by low-temperature heat treatment (450 °C for 3 h) but fully dissolved through high-temperature heat treatment (1100 °C for 1 h). High-temperature heat treatment provides a higher resistance to compressive plastic deformation for SLMed 316L compared with the low-temperature heat-treated and as-built samples where more twinnings are observed. The compressive plastic deformation mechanism of 90°- and 67.5°-scanning samples is similar, which mainly results from twinning-induced plasticity. For 0°-scanning samples, the strong crystallographic texture is the main cause of anisotropic deformation. Modelling and simulation have been conducted to explain the anisotropic deformation mechanism of the 0°-scanning strategy. Simulation results suggest that the morphology difference of laser-scanning tracks and melt pools, which leads to material flow along the laser scanning direction, explains the anisotropic deformation mechanism.

Direct artificial aging of the PBF-LB AlSi10Mg alloy designed to enhance the trade-off between strength and residual stress relief

The AlSi10Mg alloy is one of the most studied alloys processed by the Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Beam (PBF-LB). Many already published works focus on post-process heat treatments to reduce residual stress or improve mechanical strength. Instead, the present study aims to identify direct artificial aging (AA) heat treatment able to optimize both aspects, thus enhancing the trade-off between strengthening and residual stress relief for the PBF-LB AlSi10Mg alloy produced using a no-heated platform. Higher temperatures (190–240 °C) than those typically used in AA heat treatment were selected based on thermal analysis to benefit both residual stress relief and precipitation of reinforcing phases from the supersaturated solid solution of the metastable as-built alloy. The effects of AA heat treatment on mechanical properties (i.e. hardness) and residual stress were evaluated by plotting aging curves and by XRD and Raman analyses and demonstrated that different trade-offs between strengthening and stress relief can be achieved by tuning heat treatment parameters (temperature and time). In particular, the exposure at the lowest temperature (190 °C) induced a partial decrease in residual stress and a slight increase in hardness. By increasing heat treatment temperature and soaking time, the relief was more significant, whilst the decrease in hardness was rather limited. The results are supported by the microstructural changes observed on the samples due to the different heat treatment conditions applied and show the feasibility of designing an AA heat treatment for the PBF-LB AlSi10Mg alloy capable of satisfying the mechanical response required by the final application.

STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT ON TIG AND A-TIG INCONEL 617 WELDMENTS

This study analyzes the effects of Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Inconel 617 weldments produced by the Activated Tungsten Inert Gas (A-TIG) welding and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. The TIG weld joints considered for this study were in an as-welded condition and underwent two different conditions of heat treatment including 1050∘C for 3 and 5[Formula: see text]h, respectively. The A-TIG weld joints studied were the as-welded type and the weldment was heat-treated at 1050∘C for 3[Formula: see text]h. The microstructure and the characterization of mechanical properties were performed for all weldments and a comparative assessment was made. Tensile strength and the hardness of the heat-treated samples were considerably higher than that of the as-welded samples. Impact toughness was slightly reduced after PWHT. Improvement in tensile strength could be attributed to the precipitation of the carbides and segregation of Chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo).

Directed Energy Deposition‐Arc Repair Al6.5Cu2Ni0.3Ti0.5Zr0.25V Alloy: Microstructure Evolution and Strengthening Mechanism

Casting Al6.5Cu2Ni0.3Ti0.5Zr0.25V alloy is applied to aircraft engine components, but the casting defects are difficult to avoid. In this research, the local defects of casting heat‐resistant Al6.5Cu2Ni0.3Ti0.5Zr0.25V alloy parts are repaired by the arc‐directed energy deposition method. To examine the mechanism of the microstructure in the repaired zone of the heat treatment condition on the high‐temperature characteristics, the microstructure evolution of the repaired zone before and after heat treatment is analyzed. The results indicate that stratification exists in the sedimentary layer, however, the overall grain distribution is relatively uniform. After heat treatment, the microstructure of the repaired zone is changed, Cu element distribution becomes uniform and dendrite segregation disappears; simultaneously, the grain in the repaired zone mainly exists as high angle grain boundaries, which improves the fracture resistance ability of the material. At 350 °C, the average tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are 120.0 MPa, 98.6 MPa and 12.9%, respectively, the tensile strength reaches 94.1% of the matrix. Dimples abound on the fracture's exterior, and the fracture form of the repaired zone is microporous aggregate fracture. δ‐Al3CuNi and γ‐Al7Cu4Ni enhance the grain boundary strength, and θ′‐Al2Cu diffuses from the α‐Al matrix during aging, which is the main reason for the excellent high‐temperature performance of the repaired zone.

Controlling phase transitions in MnNiGe using thermal quenching and hydrostatic pressure

Abstract The phase transitions in MnNiGe compounds were explored by manipulating the heat treatment conditions and through hydrostatic pressure application. As the quenching temperature increased, both the first-order martensitic structural transition temperatures and magnetic transition temperatures decreased relative to those in the slowly-cooled samples. When the samples were quenched from 1200 ℃, the first-order martensitic structural transition temperature lowered by more than 200 K. The structural transitions also shifted to lower temperature with the application of hydrostatic pressure during measurement. Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction results reveal
that the changes of the cell parameters resulting from the structural transitions are nearly identical for all samples regardless of the extensive variation in their structural transition temperatures. In addition, neutron scattering measurements confirm the magnetic structure transition between simple and cycloidal spiral magnetic structures.

Effect of Build Geometry and Porosity in Additively Manufactured CuCrZr

Abstract The current work presents an understanding of microstructure and mechanical properties as a function of build geometry and build orientation in Cu-Cr-Zr via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. Porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties have been compared in as-printed (AP) and heat-treated (HT) LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr, between cylindrical and cube geometries, along the longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) build orientations. Varying porosity levels were observed that yielded parts with 96–97% relative density in the AP condition. The AP microstructure demonstrated a hierarchical microstructure, comprising grains (2.5–100 μm) with a cellular substructure (400–850 nm) and intracellular nanoscale (20–60 nm) precipitates. Unlike most materials in the AP condition, crystallographic texture was found to be absent; however, very distinct river-like patterns highlighted a novel feature of the LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr. Upon solutionizing and aging, Cr precipitates were seen heterogeneously nucleating along cell boundaries (0.5–1.3 μm), causing up to 45% enhancement in the strength and a 4–5% lower ductility. The yield strength along the transverse orientation was 10–16% higher than that of longitudinal orientation, in both the AP and HT conditions. Fracture surface of the tensile samples exhibited micro-voids, cleavage facets, and unmelted particles. Despite the porosity, overall mechanical properties matched well with those obtained in nearly dense (>99%) samples and the mechanical property debit was less than 10%.

Improvement of micro/nano-structure and corrosion resistance of TiCu alloy by addition of tin and their Sr-hydroxyapatite coating

This study explores the influence of tin (Sn) content on the properties of Ti7CuXSn (X = 2, 7, and 15 wt%) alloys, in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions. The investigation reveals that an elevated Sn content within the Ti7Cu alloy results in the formation of finer grain structures. Rapid quenching processes lead to the development of an ultrafine martensitic structure and the formation of (Ti,Sn)2Cu intermetallic compounds within the Ti7CuXSn alloys. Subsequent heat treatment processes induce the transformation of the ultrafine martensitic structure into a coarser one, accompanied by an increase in the volume fraction of (Ti,Sn)2Cu. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis validates the presence of α/α'-Ti(Sn,Cu) phases and (Ti,Sn)2Cu intermetallics across all alloy compositions. The Ti7Cu15Sn alloy demonstrates higher microhardness, primarily attributed to its smaller grain size, reduced lamellar spacing, and increased volume fraction of (Ti,Sn)2Cu. Furthermore, all specimens exhibit heightened microhardness following heat treatment due to the martensitic structure with heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation of (Ti,Sn)2Cu intermediate growth. Electrochemical analysis reveals an enhanced corrosion resistance in the Ti7Cu15Sn alloy, attributed to its elevated Sn content. Nonetheless, the as-cast Ti7Cu15Sn alloy displays superior corrosion resistance, albeit with a marginal reduction in electrochemical performance following heat treatment. Surface characterization signifies the formation of a uniform oxide film, underscoring commendable corrosion resistance in both as-cast and heat-treated Ti7CuXSn alloys. Additionally, the study investigates the deposition of strontium (Sr)-doped ceramic coatings on as-cast Ti7Cu15Sn alloys. It is demonstrated that higher current density parameters yield denser and more crystalline Sr-HA coatings. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping confirms the successful incorporation of Sr into the coating, showcasing its potential for applications in the field of biomedicine. Thus, this investigation highlights the significant impact of Sn content on microstructural refinement, enhancements in mechanical properties, and improved electrochemical performance within Ti7CuXSn alloys. These findings offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of alloy performance in diverse applications.

Development of a Mathematical Model of the Distribution of the Temperature Field in the Material of the Protective Coating of Pipe Metal Based on Low Molecular Weight Oligodiene During its Heat Treatment

Statement of the problem. The process of vulcanization of the material of the protective coating of pipe metal based on low molecular weight oligodiene is possible only when creating and maintaining the specified temperature conditions in terms of the volume of vulcanizate. To study the regularities of the distribution of temperature fields in the vulcanized coating and to ensure the necessary temperature conditions of heat treatment, taking into account the influence of external influences, it became necessary to develop a mathematical model of the distribution of the temperature field in the protective coating material during its heat treatment using induction heating. Results. A mathematical model of the distribution of the temperature field in the vulcanized coating of pipe metal based on low molecular weight oligodiene has been developed. Conclusions. The conducted computational experiment using a mathematical model of the distribution of the temperature field made it possible to determine compliance with the temperature regime of vulcanization of the protective coating material over the entire volume of vulcanizate under certain boundary conditions.

Effect of Aging Heat Treatment in an Al-4008 Produced by Liquid Metal Printing

In today's world, additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the most popular technologies and has the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry. As one of the most recent advances in this industry, liquid metal printing has a growing value in the engineering field. This study aims to evaluate the effect of two heat treatment conditions in an Al-4008 alloy produced by this technique in the microstructure and mechanical properties. It was concluded that the heat treatment (HT) enhances the Si particle coalescence and Fe-rich intermetallic compound precipitation, increasing the sample hardness significantly (50%). Density analysis showed a slight porosity decrease with HT. Tensile tests indicated heat-treated, same-directionally pulled samples exhibited brittleness compared to as-printed ones, while HT increased both yield strength (245 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (294 MPa).

Wear and Corrosion Resistant Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy Al0.3CoCrFeNiMo0.75 Produced by Laser Metal Deposition and Spark-Plasma Sintering

Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) with a fine-lamellar structure and homogenous property profile are of particular interest for wear and corrosion protection coatings. High cooling rates in the laser metal deposition (LMD) process can induce microstructure refinement and allow the formation of a supersaturated solid solution in EHEAs. A subsequent solution annealing can create the equilibrium state. In the present study, LMD coatings with an ultrafine-grained Widmanstätten structure were produced from the EHEA Al0.3CoCrFeNiMo0.75 gas atomized powder. High cooling rates during deposition led to a supersaturated solid solution with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. The LMD coating exhibits the highest average hardness of 734 HV0.5, which drops to approx. 200 HV0.5 due to an increased microstructural domain size after heat treatment. Under oscillating wear, the formation of oxidized wear debris promotes material removal in the heat-treated condition. Corrosion tests reveal a deterioration of the passivation behavior. LMD processes exhibit great potential to create supersaturated solid solutions with refined structure in EHEAs to enhance the property profile.

Effect of heat treatment on microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of hypereutectic B390 aluminium alloys modified by phosphorus and bismuth

This study investigated the effects of solution treatment and aging processes on microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of hypereutectic B390 Al-Si Alloy modified by phosphorus (P) and bismuth (Bi). The morphology evolution of primary Si, eutectic Si, intermetallic compounds, and secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of both initial and modified alloys were investigated in as-cast and heat-treated conditions. It was found that the combination of 0.1 wt%P and 0.5 wt%Bi in B390 alloy resulted in a remarkable modification and refinement of primary Si, eutectic Si, and SDAS compared to initial specimens in the as-cast condition. After heat treating, the fine lamellar eutectic Si and intermetallic compounds underwent a higher degree of fragmentation and coarsening, appearing as small round particles, leading to a more pronounced formation of a supersaturated solid solution. Additionally, the peak aging time of the B390-P-Bi alloy was only 7 h, 2 h less than the initial specimen. After T6 treatment and addition of both 0.1 wt%P and 0.5 wt%Bi, the B390-P-Bi alloy exhibited a smaller rounded Mg3Bi2 phase at peak aging with a 62.07% size reduction compared to the B390-Bi alloy. The results show that adding P with Bi enhanced hardness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation because of refinement of the SDAS, primary Si and eutectic Si. These refinements played a crucial role in increasing tensile strength by more effective strengthening through precipitation and grain size reduction. The B390-P-Bi alloy is a promising choice for applications requiring a balance between strength and ductility.